CN111454006A - 一种凝胶材料及其制备的混凝土及混凝土的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种凝胶材料及其制备的混凝土及混凝土的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111454006A CN111454006A CN202010341586.3A CN202010341586A CN111454006A CN 111454006 A CN111454006 A CN 111454006A CN 202010341586 A CN202010341586 A CN 202010341586A CN 111454006 A CN111454006 A CN 111454006A
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- concrete
- steel
- cementing
- steel slag
- mud
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
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- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Natural products 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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011456 concrete brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
- C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
- C04B7/153—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators
- C04B7/21—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators with calcium sulfate containing activators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/08—Slag cements
- C04B28/082—Steelmaking slags; Converter slags
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
- C04B2201/52—High compression strength concretes, i.e. with a compression strength higher than about 55 N/mm2, e.g. reactive powder concrete [RPC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
Abstract
本发明提供了一种凝胶材料及其制备的混凝土及混凝土的制备方法。首先将矿渣、钢渣泥和工业副产石膏按干基质量百分比以40～60％、20～50％和10～30％，经粉磨处理后混匀制得胶凝材料，用经稳定化处理后的钢渣砂作为细骨料，钢纤维作为增韧材料，再加胶凝材料、水和减水剂搅拌，经浇筑成型并进行常压湿热养护或常温湿养护，得到抗压强度高于130MPa、抗折强度高于40MPa的超高性能混凝土材料。本发明解决了钢渣泥在产生过程中已经大部分发生水化反应因此水化反应活性低的关键难题，大量消耗钢渣泥，实现以废治废，降低钢铁和建筑工业的生产成本、减少环境污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及固体废弃物资源化利用和建筑材料领域，具体涉及一种以钢渣泥为胶凝材料的钢纤维增强超高性能混凝土及其制备方法。
背景技术
钢渣泥的产出形式为选铁后的钢尾渣，为了进一步选出残余的铁微粒进行湿磨湿选，选出铁粒子的同时产出尾泥。钢渣泥水化物相和碳化产物的单体粒径极细，经堆存和烘干后，团聚体内有大量微米孔和纳米孔，制备混凝土时会导致减水剂用量偏高以及坍落度损失过快等问题。
CN101649663A公开了一种钢渣泥作为胶凝材料制备的钢渣混凝土砖，采用钢渣泥、粒化高炉矿渣、石膏按照一定比例制备胶凝材料，并与钢渣集料按照一定的比例制备混凝土。在该工艺技术中大量钢渣集料中还含有可提取的金属铁，造成铁资源的浪费；钢渣泥的使用比例只有7～18％，无法消纳大量的钢渣泥。
CN101748222A公开了一种钢尾渣泥的处理工艺，其特征在于采用压滤的方式处理钢尾渣泥中的水分，降低尾渣泥中的水分。该工艺分离出的尾泥只是被运走堆放，给环境造成了新的污染。
CN103833322A公开了利用钢渣泥和建筑垃圾生产混凝土人工鱼礁的方法。使用建筑垃圾粗、细骨料，无法大量消耗钢渣泥，钢渣泥的用量不高，且标准养护条件下28d龄期时的最高抗压强度只有39.8MPa。
现阶段面临的问题：
1、现有技术选用钢渣、精炼渣等原料制备胶凝材料，其中还含有大量可提取的金属铁，造成铁资源的浪费。
2、现有技术缺乏对于钢渣泥的基础性研究且没有能够实现钢渣泥大规模资源化的技术，大量堆存的钢渣泥对环境造成极大破坏，浪费了大量的优质土地资源，同时也使钢铁企业面临着巨大的环保压力，即便有些技术使用了钢渣泥，但其用量不高，一般不超过18％，否则会影响其强度，无法在工业生产中使用。
3、钢渣泥中生成的水化产物和碳化产物单体颗粒极细，经堆存和烘干后，团聚体内有大量微米孔和纳米孔，导致制备混凝土时减水剂用量偏高，并且强度低、塌落损失过快。
发明内容：
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种凝胶材料及其制备的混凝土及制备方法，以解决现有技术中的技术问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：
一种胶凝材料，其特征在于,以质量百分比计，包括矿渣40～60％，钢渣泥20～50％，石膏10～30％。
所述石膏为电厂脱硫石膏。
所述钢渣泥为钢渣进行湿磨、湿选、纯化过程后所产生的粒径小于0.075mm的细泥。
一种由胶凝材料制备的混凝土，其特征在于,其原料组成成分包括所述胶凝材料、骨料、钢纤维、水、减水剂。
骨料为钢渣进行湿磨、湿选、纯化过程后所产生的粒径为0.075～3mm的细砂。
所述钢纤维为符合YBT151-1999《混凝土用钢纤维》的钢纤维，优选地，纤维采用长径比为45的直线型钢纤维。
所述减水剂为萘系高效减水剂或聚羧酸系高效减水剂。
所述矿渣为符合GB/T18046-2008《用于水泥和混凝土中的粒化高炉矿渣粉》的粒化高炉矿渣粉。
所述工业副产石膏是指符合《烟气脱硫石膏(GB/T 37785-2019)》的电厂脱硫石膏。
一种采用上述胶凝材料制备混凝土的方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将经粉磨后的矿渣、钢渣泥和石膏混匀制得胶凝材料；
(2)将所述胶凝材料与骨料、减水剂加水混合均匀并进行搅拌；
(3)浇注；
(4)养护。
步骤(1)中所述粉磨为矿渣、钢渣泥和石膏单独粉磨或混合粉磨，并粉磨至比表面积500～700m2/kg。
本发明实现了用全固废体系替代混凝土中的水泥，最大程度的消耗钢渣泥这类冶金工业固体废弃物，给解决钢渣泥大量堆存和超高性能混凝土的生产提供了新思路。
本发明与现有技术相比，其优点在于：
1、以选铁后的难以利用的钢渣泥为胶凝材料主要组分之一，骨料同样选用钢渣泥，大量消耗钢渣泥，避免了资源浪费，环境污染，克服了传统钢渣泥添加低于18％的缺陷。
2、纳米水化物相的大量生成与紧密交织结合，是材料强度高的主要贡献因素，体系极低的水胶比，和大量水化产物的紧密聚集，使材料内有害的微米级以上气孔接近于零，无害的纳米气孔率也极低，接近于零的总孔隙率，使材料具有很高强度。
3、钢纤维的增强作用以及材料内部大量纳米直径真棒状复盐矿物晶须的自增韧作用，使含有钢渣泥的超高性能混凝土抗压强度高于130MPa、抗折强度高于40MPa，克服了钢渣泥的团聚体内有大量微米孔和纳米孔，制备混凝土会导致减水剂用量偏高以及塌落度损失过快等问题。
具体实施方式
虽然下面显示了本发明的示例性实施方式，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。相反，提供这些实施方式是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
一种混凝土，其胶凝材料由以下质量百分比的原料制备而成：矿渣55.9％，干基钢渣泥27.9％，脱硫石膏16.1％，三者混磨至比表面积560m2/kg；混凝土中，胶凝材料占38.1％、骨料占49.8％、钢纤维占6.5％、水占5.4％，混凝土容重为2930kg/m3，减水剂占胶凝材料的5.5‰。骨料为钢渣泥中选出的细砂，以下简称钢渣砂，粒度0.075～3mm，减水剂为固体聚羧酸型高效减水剂，钢纤维采用长径比为45的直线型钢纤维。
混凝土配合比如下表所示：
表1实施例1中的混凝土配比(每立方混凝土材料用量：kg/m3)
混凝土试块依照上表所示配合比，将原料置于混凝土搅拌机中搅拌均匀，于温度20±5℃，相对湿度不低于60％的条件下注入模具中，置于混凝土振动台上振动成型。成型后的试块置于养护温度20℃±2℃、相对湿度不低于95％的标准养护条件下养护24h后脱模，继续置于养护温度20℃±2℃、相对湿度不低于95％的恒温恒湿养护箱内养护至28d龄期，检测其抗压强度为115.3MPa，抗折强度为30.25MPa。
相同原料配比，成型后的试块置于养护温度42±2℃、想读湿度不低于95％的恒温恒湿养护箱内养护至28d龄期，检测其抗压强度为135.53MPa，抗折强度为42.8MPa。
实施例2
一种混凝土，其胶凝材料由以下质量百分比的原料制备而成：矿渣48.3％，钢渣泥38.9％，脱硫石膏12.8％，三者混磨至比表面积610m2/kg；混凝土中，胶凝材料占46.0％、骨料占42.1％、钢纤维占5.5％，水占6.5％，混凝土容重为2853kg/m3，减水剂质量占胶凝材料的5.7‰。骨料为钢渣泥中选出的细砂，粒度0.075～3mm，减水剂为萘系高效减水剂，钢纤维采用长径比为45的直线型钢纤维。
混凝土配合比如下表所示：
表2实施例2中的混凝土配比(每立方混凝土材料用量：kg/m3)
混凝土试块依照上表所示配合比，将原料置于混凝土搅拌机中搅拌均匀，于温度20±5℃，相对湿度不低于60％的条件下注入150mm×150mm×150mm的抗压强度模具和150mm×150mm×600mm的抗折强度模具中，置于混凝土振动台上振动成型。成型后的试块置于养护温度20℃±2℃、相对湿度不低于95％的标准养护条件下养护24h后脱模，继续置于养护温度20℃±2℃、相对湿度不低于95％的恒温恒湿养护箱内养护至28d龄期，检测其抗压强度为140.7MPa，抗折强度为45.2MPa。
实施例3
一种混凝土，其胶凝材料由以下质量百分比的原料制备而成：矿渣43.0％，钢渣泥44.6％，脱硫石膏12.4％，三者混磨至比表面积580m2/kg；混凝土中，胶凝材料占44.1％、骨料占46.3％、钢纤维占3.3％，水占6.3％，混凝土容重为2852kg/m3，减水剂占胶凝材料质量的5.6‰。骨料为钢渣泥中选出的细砂，粒度0.075～3mm，减水剂为聚羧酸系高效减水剂，钢纤维采用长径比为45的直线型钢纤维。
混凝土配合比如下表所示：
表3实施例3中的混凝土配比(每立方混凝土材料用量：kg/m3)
混凝土试块依照上表所示配合比，将原料置于混凝土搅拌机中搅拌均匀，于温度20±5℃，相对湿度不低于60％的条件下注入模具中，置于混凝土振动台上振动成型。成型后的试块置于养护温度20℃±2℃、相对湿度不低于95％的标准养护条件下养护24h后脱模，继续置于养护温度20℃±2℃、相对湿度不低于95％的恒温恒湿养护箱内养护至28d龄期，检测其抗压强度为147.2MPa，抗折强度为42.2MPa。
实施例4
一种混凝土，其胶凝材料由以下质量百分比的原料制备而成：矿渣55.5％，钢渣泥30.0％，脱硫石膏14.5％，三者混磨至比表面积600m2/kg；所述钢渣泥为渣钢湿磨湿选纯化过程中所产生的粒径小于0.075mm的细泥状部分。混凝土中，胶凝材料占46.2％、骨料占43.0％、钢纤维占4.2％，水占6.6％，混凝土容重为2807kg/m3，减水剂占胶凝材料质量的6.0‰。骨料为钢渣泥中选出的细砂，粒度0.075～3mm，减水剂为萘系高效减水剂，钢纤维采用长径比为45的直线型钢纤维。
混凝土配合比如下表所示：
表4实施例4中的混凝土配比(每立方混凝土材料用量：kg/m3)
混凝土试块依照上表所示配合比，将原料置于混凝土搅拌机中搅拌均匀，于温度20±5℃，相对湿度不低于60％的条件下注入模具中，置于混凝土振动台上振动成型。成型后的试块置于养护温度20℃±2℃、相对湿度不低于95％的标准养护条件下养护24h后脱模，继续置于养护温度20℃±2℃、相对湿度不低于95％的恒温恒湿养护箱内养护至28d龄期，检测其抗压强度为130.2MPa，抗折强度为43.7MPa。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种胶凝材料，其特征在于,以质量百分比计，包括矿渣40～60％，钢渣泥20～50％，石膏10～30％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的胶凝材料，其特征在于，所述石膏为电厂脱硫石膏。
3.根据权利要求1所述的胶凝材料，其特征在于，所述钢渣泥为钢渣进行湿磨、湿选、纯化过程后所产生的粒径小于0.075mm的细泥。
4.一种由权利要求1所述的胶凝材料制备的混凝土，其特征在于,其原料组成包括所述胶凝材料、骨料、钢纤维、水、减水剂；成分以质量百分比计，包括胶凝材料35～50％，骨料35～50％，钢纤维3～8％，水5～9％，减水剂占胶凝材料质量的0.5～1％。
5.根据权利要求4所述的混凝土，其特征在于，骨料为钢渣进行湿磨、湿选、纯化过程后所产生的粒径为0.075～3mm的细砂。
6.根据权利要求4所述的混凝土，其特征在于，所述钢纤维为符合YBT151-1999《混凝土用钢纤维》的钢纤维。
7.根据权利要求4所述的混凝土，其特征在于，所述钢纤维采用长径比为45的直线型钢纤维。
8.根据权利要求4所述的混凝土，其特征在于，所述减水剂为萘系高效减水剂或聚羧酸系高效减水剂。
9.根据权利要求4所述的混凝土的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)将经粉磨后的矿渣、钢渣泥和石膏混匀制得胶凝材料；
(2)将所述胶凝材料与骨料、减水剂加水混合均匀；
(3)浇注；
(4)养护。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混凝土的制备方法，其特征在于，其中：步骤(1)中所述粉磨为矿渣、钢渣泥和石膏单独粉磨或混合粉磨，并粉磨至比表面积500～700m2/kg。
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| CN101492261A (zh) * | 2008-12-17 | 2009-07-29 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | 钢渣尾泥复合矿渣微粉胶结材 |
| CN101649663A (zh) * | 2009-09-23 | 2010-02-17 | 北京首钢资源综合利用科技开发公司 | 钢渣尾泥作为胶凝材制备的钢渣混凝土砖 |
| CN110423081A (zh) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-11-08 | 迁安威盛固废环保实业有限公司 | 多固废协同制备钢纤维增强超高性能混凝土及其制备方法 |
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| CN112500071A (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-16 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种铜渣基高抗折耐磨路面修复材料及其制备方法 |
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