CN111418355A - Portable rice single-plant threshing system and model establishing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable threshing system for a single plant of rice and a method for establishing a model, comprising: a casing; a feeding mechanism, which is arranged at a feeding port of the casing, and includes a movable feeding bottom and a roller, and the movable feeding bottom can be adjusted The vertical distance from the drum, the moving feeding bottom includes a roller, and the rolling direction of the roller and the drum is consistent with the feeding direction to adjust the vertical distance to realize the extrusion of the plants to be threshed; the threshing mechanism is provided in the shell receives the plants to be threshed conveyed by the feeding mechanism and realizes threshing; the feeding mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the threshing mechanism to receive the particles dropped by the threshing mechanism; the ventilation mechanism is arranged on the Between the feeding mechanism and the threshing mechanism, the particles of the threshing mechanism are ventilated. By applying the embodiments of the present invention, the application of the present invention can meet the needs of scientific researchers for quick and convenient sampling in the field, and the impact force of the thresher on the rice seeds is greatly reduced.

Description

A portable rice threshing system and model building method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of threshers, in particular to a portable threshing system for a single rice plant and a method for establishing a model.

Background technique

At present, rice researchers in my country mostly use manual deduction methods to collect rice samples in the field. This method of picking seeds is inefficient and cumbersome, which may easily cause rice seeds to spill. However, the single-plant rice thresher on the market is powered by 220V AC power; the threshing gear is made of metal, which is easy to cause damage to the rice seeds, reducing the scientific research value of the sampled seeds; the overall device is large and heavy, which does not satisfy the rapid sampling of scientific researchers in the field. demand, resulting in the inconvenience of threshing.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a portable threshing system for a single rice plant and a method for establishing a model. In view of this situation, to solve the problem of inconvenient threshing in the prior art, the application of the present invention can meet the requirements of scientific researchers to quickly and conveniently take samples in the field. The impact of the thresher on the rice seeds is greatly reduced. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention provides a portable rice threshing system per plant, including:

case;

A feeding mechanism, which is arranged at the feeding port of the casing, includes a moving feeding bottom and a roller, the moving feeding bottom can adjust the vertical distance from the roller, and the moving feeding bottom includes a roller, and the roller is connected to the roller. The rolling direction of the roller is consistent with the feeding direction, and the vertical distance is adjusted by the longitudinal position of the roller (18) to realize the extrusion of the plants to be threshed;

a threshing mechanism, arranged on the casing, receives the plants to be threshed conveyed by the feeding mechanism, and realizes threshing;

a material receiving mechanism, arranged at the bottom of the threshing mechanism to receive the particles dropped by the threshing mechanism;

A ventilation mechanism is arranged between the material receiving mechanism and the threshing mechanism to ventilate the particles in the threshing mechanism.

In an implementation manner, the feeding mechanism further includes: a motor base, a motor baffle, a push rod motor, a punching baffle and a roller bracket, a shaft, and a bearing;

The motor base is arranged horizontally and is vertical to the motor baffle, the bottom of the push rod motor is arranged on the motor base, and the side is adjacent to the motor baffle, and the top of the push rod motor is connected with one end of the punching plate, the other end of the punching plate is connected with the roller bracket, and both ends of the roller are fixed on the roller bracket;

The shaft is arranged vertically, one end of which is connected to the bearing, the other end is fixed to the side wall of the housing, and one side of the roller support is slidably connected to the shaft, so that the roller support can be Shaft height adjustment.

In an implementation manner, the feeding mechanism includes: a DC motor, a belt, and a connecting shaft; the DC motor transmits its rotational force to the drum through the belt through the connecting shaft.

In an implementation manner, the threshing mechanism includes: a flexible threshing drum;

The flexible threshing drum includes: a long shaft, a rolling shaft and a plurality of threshing gears, the rolling shaft is arranged outside the long shaft, and the plurality of threshing gears are arranged on the rolling shaft.

In an implementation manner, the plurality of threshing gears are flexible structures.

In an implementation manner, the threshing mechanism includes a DC motor and a motor fixing bracket; the DC motor is fixed on the motor fixing bracket, is connected to the flexible threshing drum, and provides a driving force for the flexible threshing drum , to drive the flexible threshing drum to operate.

In an implementation manner, the material receiving mechanism includes a discharge port and a plurality of baffles, the plurality of baffles form a material receiving mechanism with upper and lower ends open, and the upper open end faces the material receiving mechanism, and the lower opening is open. The end is the outlet.

In an implementation manner, the ventilation mechanism is a ventilation port.

In an implementation manner, a handle is further included, and the handle is connected with the power supply parts of the feeding mechanism and the threshing mechanism to serve as a power switch of the feeding mechanism and the threshing mechanism.

The invention also discloses a model establishment method of a portable rice threshing system for a single plant, the method comprising:

(11) Based on the genetic algorithm, initialize and generate a population, and encode the size of the threshing gear of the flexible threshing drum and the size of the threshing plant in each individual of the population;

(12) Crossover and mutation operations are performed on individuals;

(13) Using training samples, training and testing each individual in the population, and testing to obtain the threshing efficiency represented by each individual;

(14) Calculate the fitness value of each individual in the population according to the preset fitness value function related to the size of the threshing gear, wherein the fitness value function is specifically expressed as:

Among them, f is the adaptation value; q1 is the maximum feeding amount of the threshing device, q2 is the allowable feeding amount of the flexible threshing drum, s1 is the surface area of the threshing gear, n is the number of threshing gears, and S is the rolling axis. The surface area containing the threshing size fraction, P is the threshing efficiency;

(15) The roulette selection method is used for individual screening operation. After reaching the preset number of iterations, the individual with the largest fitness value is selected from the last generation of the population, and the size of the threshing gear and the size of the threshing plant are obtained after analysis according to the selected individual. size;

(16) Based on the obtained threshing gear size and threshing plant size, the model of the portable rice threshing system per plant is determined.

In an implementation manner of the present invention, the steps of obtaining the screened individuals by using the roulette selection method include:

(81) For the selected population, generate a random number r in the interval [0, 1];

(82) If r is less than the cumulative probability of the first individual, select individual 1, otherwise execute: when q[k-1]<r≤q[k] is established, select individual k, where q[k-1 ] represents the k-1 th individual, and q[k] represents the k th individual; until all populations are judged.

By applying the portable rice threshing system and model building method provided by the invention, the application of the invention can meet the needs of scientific researchers for quick and convenient sampling in the field, and the impact force of the thresher on the rice seeds is greatly reduced. And by using the improved genetic algorithm, the optimal threshing system model can be obtained for different threshing size data, and the adaptability of the model can be improved; and the individual with the highest fitness value can be retained after the iteration is completed by using the genetic algorithm.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a portable rice threshing system per plant in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is another structural diagram of the portable rice threshing system per plant in the embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a structural diagram of a flexible threshing drum in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the use of the flexible threshing drum in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a portable rice threshing system per plant provided by the present invention includes:

shell 5;

The feeding mechanism, which is arranged at the feeding port of the shell 5, includes the moving feeding bottom and the roller 4. The vertical distance between the moving feeding bottom and the roller 4 can be adjusted. The moving feeding bottom includes the roller 18. The direction of the force is the same, thus driving the object forward in one direction. For example, a rightward rolling force is applied to the object on it, and the roller 4 rotates counterclockwise to apply a rightward rolling force to the object, so that the rolling direction of the roller 18 and the roller 4 is consistent with the feeding direction, and the object is driven to move forward. On the one hand, if the object is not squeezed and pushed by the combined force of the roller 18 and the roller 4, the feeding efficiency is not high, so by adjusting the vertical height of the roller 18, the vertical distance between the roller 18 and the roller 4 can be adjusted. , in order to realize the extrusion of the threshing plant; to realize the joint operation of extrusion and push, and improve the operation efficiency. Therefore, even in the case of a small amount of objects, such as a small amount of rice to be threshed, it can still be squeezed and fed well without affecting the feeding effect. Different from the existing large-scale threshing equipment on the market, it can meet the needs of researchers in the field quickly. The need for convenient sampling.

For example, rice, after being squeezed, is sent to the threshing mechanism, which is installed in the shell to receive the plants to be threshed conveyed by the feeding mechanism, and realize threshing; Falling particles; in this process, in order to facilitate the cleaning of the seed material, ventilation is carried out through the set ventilation mechanism, and the ventilation mechanism is set between the material receiving mechanism and the threshing mechanism to ventilate the particles in the threshing mechanism.

In one implementation of the present invention, the feeding mechanism includes: a motor base 13, a motor baffle 14, a push rod motor 15, a punch baffle 16, a roller bracket 17, a shaft 19, and a bearing 20; the motor base 13 is arranged horizontally, and is connected with The motor baffle 14 is vertical, the bottom of the push rod motor 15 is arranged on the motor base 13, and the side is adjacent to the motor baffle 14, the top of the push rod motor 15 is connected to one end of the punching baffle 16, and the other side of the punching baffle 16 is connected. One end is connected to the roller bracket 17, and both ends of the roller 18 are fixed to the roller bracket 17; the shaft 19 is arranged vertically, one end of which is connected to the bearing 20, and the other end is fixed to the side wall of the housing 5, and one side of the roller bracket 17 is connected to the shaft 19. Slidingly connected to realize the height adjustment of the roller bracket 17 along the shaft 19 .

The motor base 13 and the motor baffle 14 form a vertical structure, which is convenient for placing and fixing the push rod motor 15 .

One end of the shaft 19 is fixed by the bearing 20, and the roller bracket 17 can move up and down relative to the shaft 19 to realize the height adjustment of the roller bracket 17. Therefore, the roller bracket 17 can be pushed on the shaft 19 by the push rod motor 15. The height is adjusted so as to adjust the relative vertical distance between the roller 18 and the drum 4 .

It can be understood that the function of height adjustment is to adjust the distance between the roller 4 and the roller 18, so as to realize the extrusion of the plant to be threshed on the roller 18 and the lower surface of the roller 4 when moving upward, so as to achieve After extrusion molding, it is sent into the threshing structure to achieve orderly extrusion and feeding, and at the same time, the efficiency of threshing work is improved.

The feeding mechanism includes: a DC motor 3 , a belt 1 and a connecting shaft 2 ; the DC motor 3 transmits its rotational force to the drum 4 through the connecting shaft 2 via the belt 1 . When the DC motor 3 is working, the connecting shaft 2 of its enemy will transmit the rotational force through the belt 3, thereby driving the drum 4 to rotate. Then when the drum 4 rotates, since the roller 18 also rotates, when the rolling force applied by them is in one direction, the material is compressed and fed in this direction.

In the present invention, the threshing mechanism includes: a flexible threshing drum 6 . As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the flexible threshing drum 6 includes a long shaft 61, which is connected to the driving mechanism through the long shaft 61, thereby driving the entire flexible threshing drum 6 to rotate. In the present invention, the long shaft 61 is connected to the DC motor 7, The driving force is provided by the DC motor 7 . The rolling shaft 62 is arranged on the outside of the long shaft 61, and its two ends are shorter than the long shaft 61, so that when the long shaft 61 rotates, the rolling shaft 62 rotates along with it. It will also rotate accordingly. After feeding, for example, the rice is squeezed on the threshing gear 63, so that under the continuous rotation of the long shaft 61, the threshing gear 63 drives the rice to squeeze and rotate to realize power threshing. In the present invention, the arrangement of the threshing gears 63 can be uniformly arranged on the rolling shaft 62, and the density can be set according to the properties of the plants required for threshing, which is not specifically limited in the present invention.

In the present invention, the threshing gear 63 is made of flexible material. Compared with the traditional metal threshing gear, the flexible threshing gear 63 has a smaller impact force on the rice grains. For the same rice plant, the energy required to separate the rice seeds from the rice straw is the same, and the flexible threshing gear 63 is in contact with the rice for a longer time during threshing, so the impact force acting on the rice grains becomes smaller and the damage to the rice grains is reduced. Improve the value of scientific research, so the flexible threshing mechanism is superior to the traditional metal threshing mechanism for scientific research purposes.

The threshing mechanism includes a DC motor 7 and a motor fixing bracket 8; the DC motor 7 is fixed on the motor fixing bracket 8 and connected to the flexible threshing drum 6, and provides driving force for the flexible threshing drum 6 to drive the flexible threshing drum 6 to operate.

It should be noted that the threshing is realized after the material is fed through the roller 4 and the roller 18 while being squeezed and fed to the flexible threshing drum 6 .

The material receiving mechanism includes a material outlet 11 and a plurality of baffles 10 . The plurality of baffles 10 form a material receiving mechanism with upper and lower ends open, and the upper open end faces the material receiving mechanism, and the lower open end is the material outlet 11 . After the threshing is completed, the seed material will keep falling down, so the ventilation port 12 is provided during the falling process. When the ventilation port 12 blows air, sundries such as seed hulls (such as rice husks) will drop down, so as to retain the seed material. And fall into the material receiving structure composed of a plurality of baffles 10, and send it to the corresponding storage area through the material outlet 11.

In the present invention, the handle 9 is the hand-held part of the overall device, and the handle 9 can be connected to the power supply required for the power structure control, as a part of the power switch, to realize the power-on and power-off of the feeding mechanism and the threshing mechanism to realize the whole machine. work and downtime.

The invention also discloses a model establishment method of a portable rice threshing system for a single plant, the method comprising:

(11) Based on the genetic algorithm, initialize and generate the population, and encode the size of the threshing gear of the flexible threshing drum and the size of the threshing plant in each individual of the population; when using the genetic algorithm, firstly initialize the population, and each individual in the population Represents a randomly generated model structure, including the size of the threshing gear and the size of the threshing plant, so as to form a type of threshing plant (or a plant with a similar grain size) to share a model, so that compared with the above threshing system, as long as different plants are used. When threshing, just replace the flexible threshing drum of the corresponding size.

(12) Perform crossover operation and mutation operation on individuals; the process of crossover operation is: randomly select two individuals; determine the same threshing gear size of the two individuals; perform crossover operation based on the determined same threshing gear size. Exemplarily, if there are n individuals, the first individual crosses with the n/2+1 individual, the second individual crosses with the n/2+2 individual, and so on; The number of hidden layers may be different, and in this case, the method taken is to randomly select the size of the threshing gear common to both individuals to cross. The mutation operation is to change a bit in the individual, and its code is changed from 0 to 1, or from 1 to 0.

(13) Use training samples to train and test each individual in the population, and test to obtain the threshing efficiency represented by each individual.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the threshing efficiency P is defined as the ratio of the total amount of threshing N1 to the total amount of plants to be threshed N2, and is specifically expressed as:

(14) Calculate the fitness value of each individual in the population according to the preset fitness value function related to the size of the threshing gear, wherein the fitness value function is specifically expressed as:

Among them, f is the adaptation value; q1 is the maximum feeding amount of the threshing device, q2 is the allowable feeding amount of the flexible threshing drum, s1 is the surface area of the threshing gear, n is the number of threshing gears, and S is the rolling axis. The surface area containing the threshing size fraction, P is the threshing efficiency.

(15) The roulette selection method is used for individual screening operation. After reaching the preset number of iterations, the individual with the largest fitness value is selected from the last generation of the population, and the size of the threshing gear and the size of the threshing plant are obtained after analysis according to the selected individual. Size; since the size of the threshing gear and the size of the threshing plant are coded correspondingly, after the iteration is determined, the size of the threshing gear and the size of the threshing plant corresponding to the individual are determined.

It should be noted that the roulette selection method is also called the proportional selection method, and its basic idea is that the probability of each individual being selected is proportional to its fitness value.

First, the fitness value of each individual in the population is obtained.

To calculate the probability of each individual being inherited into the next generation of the population, the formula used is specifically expressed as:

Among them, p(x _i ) represents the probability that the first individual is inherited into the next generation population, N is the size of the population, _xi represents the ith individual, x _j represents the jth individual, and f( _xi ) is The fitness value of the i-th individual.

The cumulative probability of each individual is calculated using the formula:

Among them, qi is the cumulative probability of the _i -th individual, and x _j is the probability that the j-th individual is inherited into the next generation population.

(16) Based on the obtained threshing gear size and threshing plant size, the model of the portable rice threshing system per plant is determined.

The individual after the roulette selection method enters the next iteration. It is assumed that the preset number of times at the end of the iteration is set to 100 times. After the preset number of times is reached, the individual with the largest fitness value is selected from the last generation of the population to obtain the obtained threshing gear The size and corresponding plant size are used to construct a model of a portable rice threshing system. The embodiments of the present invention improve the accuracy of the design of the portable threshing system, and reduce the repeated test of the size of the plant and the size of the threshing gear, in order to find the best The amount of work that comes with matching the size.

In the present invention, the size of the plant may be the largest dimension of the grain of the plant in a certain direction, such as its length

In an implementation manner of the present invention, the steps of obtaining the screened individuals by using the roulette selection method include:

(81) For the selected population, generate a random number r in the interval [0, 1];

(82) If r is less than the cumulative probability of the first individual, select individual 1, otherwise execute: when q[k-1]<r≤q[k] is established, select individual k, where q[k-1 ] represents the k-1 th individual, and q[k] represents the k th individual; until all populations are judged.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A portable rice single plant threshing system, comprising:

a housing (5);

the feeding mechanism is arranged at a feeding port of the shell (5) and comprises a movable feeding bottom and a roller (4), the movable feeding bottom can adjust the vertical distance between the movable feeding bottom and the roller (4), the movable feeding bottom comprises a roller (18), the rolling directions of the roller (18) and the roller (4) are consistent with the feeding direction, and the vertical distance is adjusted through the longitudinal position of the roller (18) to realize the extrusion of the plants to be threshed;

the threshing mechanism is arranged on the shell, receives the plants to be threshed and conveyed by the feeding mechanism, and realizes threshing;

the material receiving mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the threshing mechanism and used for receiving particles falling off from the threshing mechanism;

and the ventilation mechanism is arranged between the material receiving mechanism and the threshing mechanism so as to ventilate the particles of the threshing mechanism.

2. The portable rice individual threshing system of claim 1 wherein the feed mechanism comprises: the device comprises a motor base (13), a motor baffle (14), a push rod motor (15), a punching baffle (16), a roller bracket (17), a shaft (19) and a bearing (20);

the motor base (13) is horizontally arranged and is perpendicular to the motor baffle (14), the bottom of the push rod motor (15) is arranged on the motor base (13), the side face of the push rod motor is adjacent to the motor baffle (14), the top of the push rod motor (15) is connected with one end of the punching baffle (16), the other end of the punching baffle (16) is connected with the roller bracket (17), and two ends of the roller (18) are fixed on the roller bracket (17);

the shaft (19) is vertically arranged, one end of the shaft is connected with the bearing (20), the other end of the shaft is fixed on the side wall of the shell (5), and one side face of the roller support (17) is connected with the shaft (19) in a sliding mode so as to achieve height adjustment of the roller support (17) along the shaft (19).

3. The portable rice individual threshing system of claim 2 wherein the feed mechanism comprises: the belt comprises a direct current motor (3), a belt (1) and a connecting shaft (2); the direct current motor (3) transmits the rotating force thereof to the roller (4) through the connecting shaft (2) via the belt (1).

4. The portable rice individual threshing system of claim 3 wherein the threshing mechanism comprises: a flexible threshing cylinder (6);

the flexible threshing cylinder (6) comprises: the threshing mechanism comprises a long shaft (61), a rolling shaft (62) and a plurality of threshing gears (63), wherein the rolling shaft (62) is arranged on the outer side of the long shaft (61), and the plurality of threshing gears (63) are arranged on the rolling shaft (62).

5. Portable rice single plant threshing system according to claim 4, characterized in that said plurality of threshing gears (63) are of flexible construction.

6. The portable rice single plant threshing system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein said threshing mechanism comprises a DC motor (7), a motor fixing bracket (8); the direct current motor (7) is fixed on the motor fixing support (8), is connected with the flexible threshing cylinder (6), and provides driving force for the flexible threshing cylinder (6) to drive the flexible threshing cylinder (6) to operate.

7. The portable rice single plant threshing system according to claim 6, wherein the receiving mechanism comprises a discharge port (11) and a plurality of baffles (10), the receiving mechanism with openings at the upper end and the lower end is formed by the plurality of baffles (10), the upper opening end faces the receiving mechanism, and the lower opening end is the discharge port (11).

8. A model building method of a portable rice single-plant threshing system is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(11) initializing a population to be generated based on a genetic algorithm, and encoding the size of threshing gears of the flexible threshing cylinder and the size of the threshed plants in each individual of the population;

(12) performing cross operation and mutation operation on individuals;

(13) training and testing each individual in the population by adopting a training sample, and testing to obtain the threshing efficiency represented by each individual;

(14) calculating the fitness value of each individual in the population according to a preset fitness function related to the size of the threshing gear, wherein the fitness function is specifically expressed as:

wherein f is an adaptive value; q1 is the maximum feeding amount of the threshing device, q2 is the allowable feeding amount of the flexible threshing cylinder, S1 is the surface area of the threshing gear, n is the number of the threshing gears, S is the surface area of the rolling shaft without the threshing size part, and P is the threshing efficiency;

(15) adopting a roulette selection method to carry out individual screening operation, selecting an individual with the largest fitness value from the population of the last generation after preset iteration times are reached, and analyzing according to the selected individual to obtain the size of a threshing gear and the size of a threshing plant;

(16) and determining a model of the portable rice single-plant threshing system based on the obtained threshing gear size and the size of the threshed plants.

9. The method of modeling a portable rice threshing system as claimed in claim 8 wherein the step of obtaining the screened individuals using roulette selection includes:

(81) generating a random number r in the interval [0, 1] for the selected population;

(82) if r is less than the cumulative probability of the first individual, then individual 1 is selected, otherwise: when q [ k-1] < r ≦ q [ k ] holds, selecting an individual k, wherein q [ k-1] represents the kth individual and q [ k ] represents the kth individual; until all populations are judged.

Images