CN111416414B - Charging and discharging control system and charging and discharging control circuit of super capacitor - Google Patents
Charging and discharging control system and charging and discharging control circuit of super capacitor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111416414B CN111416414B CN202010323127.2A CN202010323127A CN111416414B CN 111416414 B CN111416414 B CN 111416414B CN 202010323127 A CN202010323127 A CN 202010323127A CN 111416414 B CN111416414 B CN 111416414B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- switch module
- super capacitor
- charging
- module
- resistor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H02J7/865—
-
- H02J7/60—
-
- H02J7/855—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
Landscapes
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a charging and discharging control system and a charging and discharging control circuit of a super capacitor, wherein the charging and discharging control circuit of the super capacitor comprises: the first end of the super capacitor is grounded; the charging circuit is connected with the second end of the super capacitor and is used for charging the super capacitor; the discharging circuit is connected with the second end of the super capacitor, and the super capacitor discharges through the discharging circuit; and the control circuit is respectively connected with the charging circuit and the discharging circuit and is used for controlling the charging or discharging of the super capacitor. According to the charge-discharge control circuit of the super capacitor, surge current caused by capacitor charging in the power-on process can be effectively controlled, the discharge efficiency of the super capacitor is greatly improved, and the circuit is high in stability, low in cost, simple and easy to implement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a charging and discharging control system of a super capacitor and a charging and discharging control circuit thereof.
Background
Along with the increasing application of the internet of things, because the current supply capacity of a power supply part in some applications of the internet of things is very weak and cannot meet the transient and average current requirements of data transmission under weak signals, a super capacitor or a battery is generally added as an auxiliary power supply to meet the transient and average current requirements of data transmission under the weak signals. Since the cost is high due to the addition of a battery as an auxiliary power source, a super capacitor is generally added as an auxiliary power source in the related art.
However, when a super capacitor is added as an auxiliary power supply in the related art, the charging and discharging management cost of the super capacitor is high, or the efficiency is low, which does not meet the optimal cost performance principle and needs to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, a first objective of the present invention is to provide a charging and discharging control circuit for a super capacitor, which can effectively control a surge current caused by charging of the capacitor during a power-on process, and simultaneously greatly improve the discharging efficiency of the super capacitor, and the circuit has high stability, low cost, and is simple and easy to implement.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a charging and discharging control system for a super capacitor.
In order to achieve the above object, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a charging/discharging control circuit for a super capacitor, including: the first end of the super capacitor is grounded; the charging circuit is connected with the second end of the super capacitor and is used for charging the super capacitor; the discharge circuit is connected with the second end of the super capacitor, and the super capacitor discharges through the discharge circuit; and the control circuit is respectively connected with the charging circuit and the discharging circuit and is used for controlling the charging or discharging of the super capacitor.
In addition, the charging and discharging control circuit of the super capacitor according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
according to an embodiment of the present invention, the charge/discharge control circuit further includes: the starting control circuit is connected with the second end of the super capacitor and used for controlling the starting of the Internet of things module; wherein, the start-up control circuit includes: first resistance, second resistance and first switch module, the first end of first resistance with super capacitor's second end is connected, the second end of first resistance with the first end of second resistance is connected, the second end ground connection of second resistance, the first end of first switch module with the first end of second resistance is connected, the second end ground connection of first switch module, the third end of first switch module with the switch signal input pin of thing networking module is connected.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the control circuit comprises: the second switch module, the third switch module and the third resistor; the first end ground connection of second switch module, the control end of second switch module with the power input end of thing networking module is connected, the third end of second switch module respectively with the first end of third resistance with the control end of third switch module is connected, the second end of third resistance with charging circuit connects, the first end of third switch module with the power output end of thing networking module is connected, the second end of third switch module with charging circuit connects.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit further includes: the fourth switch module, the fifth switch module, the fourth resistor and the fifth resistor;
the first end of fourth resistance with the first end of fifth resistance all with discharge circuit connects, the second end of fourth resistance with the first end of fourth switch module is connected, the second end of fifth resistance with the first end of fifth switch module is connected, the second end of fourth switch module with the second end ground connection of fifth switch module, the control end of fourth switch module with the power input end of thing networking module is connected, the control end of fifth switch module with the control end of thing networking module is connected.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the charging circuit includes a sixth resistor, a first end of the sixth resistor is connected to the second end of the super capacitor, and a second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the power output end of the internet of things module through the third switch module.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the discharge circuit includes a sixth switch module and a seventh switch module, a first end of the sixth switch module is connected to the second end of the super capacitor, a second end of the sixth switch module is connected to the first end of the seventh switch module, a second end of the seventh switch module is connected to the power output end of the internet of things module, a control end of the sixth switch module is connected to the first end of the fourth switch module, and a control end of the seventh switch module is connected to the first end of the fifth switch module.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first switch module, the second switch module, the third switch module, the fourth switch module, the fifth switch module, the sixth switch module and the seventh switch module are all transistors.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the transistor is a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the charge/discharge control circuit of a super capacitor further includes: and the first diode is used for isolating the power output end of the Internet of things module and the power input end of the Internet of things module.
According to the charging and discharging control circuit of the super capacitor provided by the embodiment of the invention, surge current caused by capacitor charging in the power-on process can be effectively controlled, the discharging efficiency of the super capacitor is greatly improved, and the circuit has high stability, low cost and simple and easy realization.
In order to achieve the above object, a second aspect of the present invention provides a charging and discharging control system for a super capacitor, which includes the charging and discharging control circuit for a super capacitor.
According to the charging and discharging control system of the super capacitor, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, through the charging and discharging control circuit of the super capacitor, the surge current caused by capacitor charging in the power-on process can be effectively controlled, meanwhile, the discharging efficiency of the super capacitor is greatly improved, and the circuit is high in stability, low in cost and simple and easy to implement.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a charging and discharging control circuit of a super capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a charging and discharging control circuit of a super capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block schematic diagram of a charge and discharge control system of a super capacitor according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The following describes a charge and discharge control system of a super capacitor and a charge and discharge control circuit thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a charging and discharging control circuit of a super capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the charging and discharging control circuit 10 of the super capacitor includes: super capacitor C1, charging circuit 100, discharge circuit 200 and control circuit 300.
Wherein, the first end of the super capacitor C1 is grounded. The charging circuit 100 is connected to the second terminal of the super capacitor C1, and the charging circuit 100 is configured to charge the super capacitor C1. The discharge circuit 200 is connected to a second terminal of the super capacitor C1, and the super capacitor C1 discharges through the discharge circuit 200. The control circuit 300 is respectively connected with the charging circuit 100 and the discharging circuit 200, and is used for controlling the charging or discharging of the super capacitor C1.
Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the charge and discharge control circuit 10 further includes: the power-on control circuit 400. The startup control circuit 400 is connected with a second end of the super capacitor C1, and the startup control circuit 400 is used for controlling the startup of the internet of things module; the power-on control circuit 400 includes: first resistance R3, second resistance R4 and first switch module Q7, the first end of first resistance R3 is connected with super capacitor C1's second end, the second end of first resistance R3 is connected with the first end of second resistance R4, the second end ground of second resistance R4, the first end of first switch module Q7 is connected with the first end of second resistance R4, the second end ground of first switch module Q7, the third end of first switch module Q7 is connected with thing networking module's switch signal input pin PWRKEY.
Wherein, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit 300 comprises: a second switching module Q5, a third switching module Q4, and a third resistor R5; the first end of the second switch module Q5 is grounded, the control end of the second switch module Q5 is connected to the power input end VIN of the internet of things module, the third end of the second switch module Q5 is connected to the first end of the third resistor R5 and the control end of the third switch module Q4, the second end of the third resistor R5 is connected to the charging circuit, the first end of the third switch module Q4 is connected to the power output end VOUT of the internet of things module, and the second end of the third switch module Q4 is connected to the charging circuit 100.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the control circuit 300 further includes: a fourth switching module Q2, a fifth switching module Q6, a fourth resistor R6, and a fifth resistor R2; the first end of the fourth resistor R6 and the first end of the fifth resistor R2 are both connected to the discharge circuit 200, the second end of the fourth resistor R6 is connected to the first end of the fourth switch module Q2, the second end of the fifth resistor R2 is connected to the first end of the fifth switch module Q6, the second end of the fourth switch module Q2 and the second end of the fifth switch module Q6 are grounded, the control end of the fifth switch module Q6 is connected to the power input end VIN of the module of the internet of things, and the control end of the fourth switch module Q2 is connected to the control end CTRL of the module of the internet of things.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the charging circuit 100 includes a sixth resistor R1, a first end of the sixth resistor R1 is connected to the second end of the super capacitor C1, and a second end of the sixth resistor R1 is connected to the power output terminal VOUT of the module of internet of things through a third switching module Q4.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the discharge circuit 200 includes a sixth switch module Q1 and a seventh switch module Q3, a first terminal of the sixth switch module Q1 is connected to the second terminal of the super capacitor C1, a second terminal of the sixth switch module Q1 is connected to the first terminal of the seventh switch module Q3, a second terminal of the seventh switch module Q3 is connected to the power output terminal VOUT of the internet of things module, a control terminal of the sixth switch module Q1 is connected to the first terminal of the fourth switch module Q2, and a control terminal of the seventh switch module Q3 is connected to the first terminal of the fifth switch module Q6.
Optionally, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the first switching module Q7, the second switching module Q5, the third switching module Q4, the fourth switching module Q2, the fifth switching module Q6, the sixth switching module Q1 and the seventh switching module Q3 are all transistors.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the transistor may be a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the charge/discharge control circuit 10 for a super capacitor further includes: and the first diode D1 is used for isolating the power output end VOUT of the Internet of things module and the power input end VIN of the Internet of things module. From this, can avoid when the power output VOUT voltage of thing networking module is too high, reverse for charging circuit formation backward flow electric current, avoid damaging the circuit, effectively improve the security of circuit.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to further understand the charge and discharge control circuit of the super capacitor according to the embodiment of the present invention, a detailed description is provided below with respect to a specific embodiment.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, when the internet of things module is powered on, the power input end VIN of the internet of things module is generally 4.2V, when the internet of things module is not powered on, CTRL (radio frequency transmission indicates that high is output before RF transmission) PIN outputs a low level, the second switch module Q5 and the fifth switch module Q6 respectively control the third switch module Q4 and the seventh switch module Q3 to be turned on, the power output end VOUT of the internet of things module charges the super capacitor C1 through the sixth resistor R1, the RFTXMON outputs a low level, the sixth switch module Q1 is turned off, and the power output end VOUT of the internet of things module cannot charge the super capacitor C1 through the seventh switch module Q3 and the sixth switch module Q1, so that surge current caused by capacitor charging in the power-on process can be effectively controlled;
as the voltage of the super capacitor C1 rises to 3.4V, the voltage of the first resistor R3 and the second resistor R4 is divided by about 0.86V (about 2 × R1C1 — 20s), so that the first switch module Q7 is turned on, and the power switch signal input pin PWRKEY of the internet of things module is pulled down; the Internet of things module enters a starting-up process, the general starting-up time is more than 10s, the super capacitor C1 is basically fully charged for more than 30s, for example, a threshold value can be preset, and when the super capacitor C1 reaches the threshold value, starting-up is started; after the internet of things module is started, the internet of things module which needs to send data to control the PIN RFTXMON to output high level, the fourth switch module Q2 is opened to pull down the G end of the sixth switch module Q1, the sixth switch module Q1 is opened, the impedance is very small at this time and only dozens of milliohms, the super capacitor C1 discharges through the sixth switch module Q1 and the seventh switch module Q3, the discharge path is completely opened, the transistor opening resistance is small, the loss is small, so that the large current when the internet of things module transmits data can be compensated (wherein the large current is supplied to a part from the power output end VOUT of the internet of things module and is supplied to a part from the super capacitor C1), after the data is transmitted, the RFMONTX outputs low level, the sixth switch module Q1 is closed, at this time, the power input end of the module can only charge the super capacitor C1 through the paths of the third switch module Q4 and the sixth resistor R VIN 1, therefore, surge can be effectively inhibited, after the use, the client disconnects the power supply, at this time, the second switch module Q5 and the fifth switch module Q6 are turned off, so that the third switch module Q4 and the seventh switch module Q3 are turned off, the discharge path of the super capacitor C1 is turned off, the charge of the super capacitor C1 is kept not wasted, the next power-on process does not need to start charging from 0 again, the charging time of the power-on super capacitor C1 is reduced, and the cycle is repeated.
It should be noted that the first to seventh switch modules may be transistors, the transistors may be mosfet, the first resistor R3 may have a specification of 1M ± 1%, the second resistor R4 may have a specification of 330K ± 1%, the third resistor R5 may have a specification of 1M ± 5%, the fourth resistor R6 may have a specification of 1M ± 5%, the fifth resistor R2 may have a specification of 1M ± 5%, and the sixth resistor R1 may have a specification of 10R ± 5%, which are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the present invention, and may be set by those skilled in the art according to actual circumstances, and are not limited herein.
According to the charging and discharging control circuit of the super capacitor provided by the embodiment of the invention, surge current caused by capacitor charging in the power-on process can be effectively controlled, the discharging efficiency of the super capacitor is greatly improved, and the circuit has high stability, low cost and simple and easy realization.
As shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a charging and discharging control system 20 for a super capacitor, where the charging and discharging control system 20 includes the charging and discharging control circuit 10 for a super capacitor.
According to the charging and discharging control system of the super capacitor provided by the embodiment of the invention, through the charging and discharging control circuit of the super capacitor, the surge current caused by capacitor charging in the power-on process can be effectively controlled, meanwhile, the discharging efficiency of the super capacitor is greatly improved, and the circuit has high stability, low cost and is simple and easy to implement.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010323127.2A CN111416414B (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2020-04-22 | Charging and discharging control system and charging and discharging control circuit of super capacitor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010323127.2A CN111416414B (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2020-04-22 | Charging and discharging control system and charging and discharging control circuit of super capacitor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111416414A CN111416414A (en) | 2020-07-14 |
| CN111416414B true CN111416414B (en) | 2021-09-21 |
Family
ID=71494888
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010323127.2A Active CN111416414B (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2020-04-22 | Charging and discharging control system and charging and discharging control circuit of super capacitor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111416414B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114914986A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-16 | 广东开利暖通空调股份有限公司 | Charging and discharging control circuit of super capacitor and air conditioner control system |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204992688U (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2016-01-20 | 青岛海尔科技有限公司 | Battery charging circuit |
| CN106655440A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-10 | 武汉工程大学 | Two-stage series supercapacitor and storage battery hybrid energy-storage system, and energy absorbing and releasing method |
| CN206820519U (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-12-29 | 深圳市易佰特软件有限公司 | A kind of charge-discharge circuit and portable power source |
| CN208707680U (en) * | 2018-10-13 | 2019-04-05 | 无锡市精而信流量仪表有限公司 | A kind of flux remote monitoring system based on Internet of Things |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10447053B2 (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2019-10-15 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Terminal |
-
2020
- 2020-04-22 CN CN202010323127.2A patent/CN111416414B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204992688U (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2016-01-20 | 青岛海尔科技有限公司 | Battery charging circuit |
| CN106655440A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-10 | 武汉工程大学 | Two-stage series supercapacitor and storage battery hybrid energy-storage system, and energy absorbing and releasing method |
| CN206820519U (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-12-29 | 深圳市易佰特软件有限公司 | A kind of charge-discharge circuit and portable power source |
| CN208707680U (en) * | 2018-10-13 | 2019-04-05 | 无锡市精而信流量仪表有限公司 | A kind of flux remote monitoring system based on Internet of Things |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111416414A (en) | 2020-07-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP7039773B2 (en) | Power system including battery pack | |
| CN113472032B (en) | A charging control circuit, a charging control system and a charger | |
| CN110050400A (en) | Batter-charghing system | |
| CN114024355A (en) | Battery management circuit, battery management system, electric vehicle and battery management method | |
| CN113682199A (en) | Chemical composition circuit, equipment and system | |
| CN111416414B (en) | Charging and discharging control system and charging and discharging control circuit of super capacitor | |
| CN111049203A (en) | Charge and discharge management circuit and chargeable electronic equipment | |
| CN114465473B (en) | Switching power supply circuit with digital surge current suppression function and electronic equipment | |
| CN210536309U (en) | Vehicle Batteries and Vehicles | |
| CN216751227U (en) | Battery management circuit, battery management system and electric vehicle | |
| CN105552463A (en) | Storage battery assembly and terminal | |
| CN113767541B (en) | Pre-charging circuit and battery system having the same | |
| CN221669549U (en) | Anode protection circuit | |
| CN221151211U (en) | BUCK converter and electronic equipment | |
| CN116317517A (en) | Soft start circuit, switching power supply, chip and electronic equipment | |
| CN119030101B (en) | Battery management system, battery system and power utilization device | |
| CN210246363U (en) | Small-electric-quantity charging equipment | |
| CN210838981U (en) | Chip integrating battery charging and discharging control management circuit and electronic product | |
| CN217721151U (en) | Switching circuit | |
| CN219086824U (en) | A charging control circuit and electronic equipment | |
| CN112582984A (en) | Quick turn-off circuit and lithium battery protection system thereof | |
| CN223884446U (en) | Tactile switch wake-up circuit, battery management system, battery pack and electrical equipment | |
| CN221900571U (en) | Start protection circuit, electric equipment and power system | |
| CN214205054U (en) | Charging circuit and electronic device | |
| CN217036776U (en) | A drive circuit, a battery management system, a battery pack and an electrical device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |