CN111390107A - Sand mold printing method for rotary different-aperture nozzle - Google Patents
Sand mold printing method for rotary different-aperture nozzle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111390107A CN111390107A CN202010299400.2A CN202010299400A CN111390107A CN 111390107 A CN111390107 A CN 111390107A CN 202010299400 A CN202010299400 A CN 202010299400A CN 111390107 A CN111390107 A CN 111390107A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
Abstract
The invention discloses a sand mold printing method of a rotary type different-aperture nozzle. Two independent printing nozzles are arranged in the device, one rotatable printing nozzle is provided with a plurality of small-aperture nozzles, the other linear scanning nozzle is provided with a large-aperture nozzle, and each nozzle in the nozzles is independently opened and closed according to a printing path; the in-region outline is identified in the scanning and printing process of each layer, the circular outline existing in the current layer printing region is printed by the rotary spray head, the error caused by the step effect is eliminated, then the boundary region of the non-circular outline is printed by the linear scanning of the rotary spray head, the step effect error is reduced, and other regions are printed by the large-aperture spray head linearly and quickly, so that the printing efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a printing processing method in the technical field of sand mold 3D printing, in particular to a sand mold printing method of a rotary different-aperture nozzle.
Background
The technical principle is developed from a 3D printing technology, mainly comprises a non-mold casting manufacturing technology (PCM) and a selective laser sintering precoated sand technology (S L S) at present, the PCM non-mold casting manufacturing technology is widely applied, is a combined manufacturing and integrating technology of CAD computer three-dimensional design, 3D printing technology and digital automation control technology, is applied to the development and design aspect organically combined with the traditional sand mold casting process, and is particularly suitable for development and trial production of single-piece castings with complex shapes in small batches, individuation and in 1996, is provided by professor university of Qinghua Yongyan university, and then is applied to Guangdong Foshan mountain, and is also a technology which is widely applied to the 3D printing technology at present.
The printing equipment suitable for the PCM die-free casting mold manufacturing technology at present is an ink-jet sand mold 3D printer, and the ink-jet sand mold 3D printing technology is invented by Germany Ingo Ederer and Rainer Hoechsmann in 1999: firstly, slicing a three-dimensional data graph to convert the three-dimensional data graph into a two-dimensional section graph, then paving a layer of sand grains mixed with a curing agent in advance on a workbench by using an ink-jet 3D printer, further controlling a printing nozzle to spray microdroplet adhesive (furan resin) according to the generated section shape, and printing a section; the workbench descends by one layer thickness, and the system continuously repeats the steps until the printing of all the sections is completed; and finally, taking the solidified sand mold out of the workbench, and removing redundant uncured sand grains to obtain the required sand mold/core.
Although the prior sand mold forming equipment is preliminarily industrialized, a plurality of problems still exist and are not widely popularized, and the main reasons are that the printing efficiency is low, the printing precision is low and the like. If the printing efficiency is to be improved, a large spray head is often adopted to improve the spray printing area of the surface of the sand mold in unit time, but the printing precision of the sand mold is sacrificed by the method. In order to improve the printing efficiency, a plurality of nozzles can be adopted for parallel printing, and when the printing mode is adopted, the actual contour line error is actually the diameter of the nozzle, so that the nozzle size control printing error can be reduced. Chinese patent document No. CN201710832638.5 discloses a sand mold parallel printing device with double nozzles and different apertures and a method thereof, which solves the problems of low printing efficiency, low printing precision of the boundary area and the like in the prior art by adopting a nozzle with a plurality of nozzles for printing and adopting a small aperture nozzle for printing in the boundary outline area; patent document No. CN201710832691.5 discloses a serial printing sand mold with several nozzles of the same size and arranged in sequence, which greatly improves the printing efficiency.
Through the prior art sharing and the examination of the latest papers and patents, the methods adopted by the prior devices are all to improve the printing efficiency by adding a spray head and a plurality of spray nozzles arranged on the spray head, and provide the printing boundary precision by adding a spray head printing contour area provided with small-aperture spray nozzles. However, for the circular contour area existing in the current layer, although the small-aperture nozzle is used for linear scanning printing, the printing error of the boundary area can only be reduced, and the sawtooth effect caused by the step error cannot be eliminated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background art, the invention provides the sand mold printing device of the rotary type different-aperture nozzle, and the printing efficiency of the sand mold is improved. The device adopts double spray heads which are arranged in parallel, a plurality of spray nozzles are arranged below each spray head, and the aperture of the spray nozzles below the two spray heads is different; the nozzle with small-bore nozzles can be scanned rotationally or linearly for printing the border area.
The device of the invention introduces the parallel printing module which independently controls the motion tracks of the two nozzles, and the two nozzles can selectively and independently print in specific areas without mutual interference. To prevent interference in the movement of the two heads, the entire printing area is divided into 3 sections: a circular outline region, a non-circular outline boundary region, and an outline inner region. The nozzle with the small-aperture nozzle prints a circular outline area by rotation, prints a non-circular outline boundary area by linear scanning, and prints an outline inner area by the nozzle with the large-aperture nozzle. The device can further improve the printing efficiency of the sand mould due to the adoption of a parallel printing scheme while improving the printing precision of the circular outline area and the boundary area and the printing efficiency of the internal area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention adopts a sand mould printing device which comprises a rotary printing spray head provided with a small-aperture nozzle and two printing spray heads provided with a linear scanning spray head provided with a large-aperture nozzle, wherein the nozzles under the two spray heads are independently opened and closed; the aperture of the large-aperture nozzle is twice that of the small-aperture nozzle; the rotary printing nozzle comprises two groups of nozzle groups which are arranged on two sides of a rotation center, the distance between each of the two groups of nozzle groups and the rotation center is adjustable, and each group of nozzle groups comprises a plurality of small nozzles which are gathered together; the linear scanning type spray head comprises a plurality of large spray heads which are gathered together; namely, the device comprises a spray head N1、N2Nozzle N1、N2Are respectively fixed on different bottom plates, N1、N2The movements are independent of each other; spray head N1The rotary printing nozzle comprises two groups of small-aperture nozzles, two nozzles can rotate 360 degrees around a rotating shaft, and N is1、N2Two apertures d are respectively arranged under the spray head1、d2(d1＜d2) A plurality of nozzles.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) layering the CAD three-dimensional model and acquiring profile data of each layer;
2) identifying the contour of the printing area of the current layer, determining whether a circular contour exists, if so, calculating the circle center and the radius of the circular contour, and turning 3), otherwise, turning 4);
3) determining a rotary printing nozzle N according to the circle center and the radius of the circular outline1The center coordinates of (a) and the radius of rotation thereof;
4) dividing a printing area of a printing nozzle on a current layer;
5) establishing a printing path of a current printing area according to different printing nozzles;
6) controlling the opening and closing of each nozzle according to the determined printing path to print;
7) updating the profile data of the next layer, judging whether the profiles of all the layers are printed, if so, finishing, otherwise, continuously executing the step 2) until all the layers are printed.
In the rotary printing nozzle, a rotating center is connected to the telescopic rod in a printing layering direction (Z direction), and the two groups of nozzle groups and the rotating center are positioned on the same plane, so that the rotating center and the two groups of nozzle groups can freely move in the printing layering direction to adjust the height position;
in the rotary printing nozzle, two groups of nozzle groups are connected to a rotating center through telescopic rods in a printing and scanning direction (X direction), so that the nozzle groups can move close to or away from the rotating center freely in the printing and scanning direction, the rotating radius between the two groups of nozzle groups is adjusted, and the range of executing rotary scanning and printing is adjusted.
In the step 2), the contour of the printing area of the current layer is identified, and whether a circular contour exists is determined, specifically:
(2.1) constructing a point set D for points on all contour curves of the current layer;
(2.2) for the ith profile Di∈ D, 1 < i < n, n representing the total number of contour curves in the set of points D, randomly selecting 3 points D from the ith contour curve1、d2、d3Calculate by d1、d2、d3Calculating a circle center O and a radius R of a circle determined by the three points;
(2.3) calculating the ith Profile DiIf so, the ith contour curve is not the circular contour, and traversing each contour curve to obtain the result of whether the circular contour exists in the contour set of the printing area of the layer.
Determining the rotary printing nozzle N in the step 3)1The center coordinates and the radius of rotation of (a) are specifically:
(3.1) according to the circle center of the circular outline in the step 2), the rotary printing nozzle N is arranged1Moves to the center of the circle and serves as a rotary printing nozzle N1A center of rotation of;
(3.2) adjusting the length of the telescopic rod to be the radius R of the circular outline as the rotary printing nozzleN1The radius of rotation of (a).
In the step 4), the step of dividing the printing area of the printing nozzle on the current layer specifically includes:
(4.1) regarding the area where the circular outline identified in the step 2) is located as a processing area I, regarding the other outline boundary areas except the circular outline of the current layer printing area as processing areas II, regarding the areas between the boundary outlines as processing areas III;
(4.2) when the current layer printing area is printed, the rotary printing nozzle is preferentially adopted to print the processing area I, and the rotary printing nozzle and the linear scanning nozzle are adopted to print in parallel for the processing area II and the processing area III, so that the printing efficiency is improved.
In the step 5), establishing a printing path of the current printing area according to different printing nozzles specifically includes: circular profile rotary printing nozzle N1The non-circular contour is printed by a rotary printing nozzle N1The small-aperture nozzle scans and prints along the line where the non-circular outline is located, and the area between the outlines is formed by a linear scanning type nozzle N2Filling and printing the large-aperture nozzle.
For a model, if a circular outline region exists in each layer of outline after layering, the problem can be fundamentally solved if the circular outline region exists in each layer of outline, and the rotary scanning printing can be carried out through a rotary spray head, so the invention is particularly suitable for sand mould printing of the circular outline region after layering, and is particularly suitable for the rotary body model: the rotary spray head provided with the small-aperture nozzles rotates to print a circular outline area, the spray heads with the small-aperture nozzles are adopted in other boundary areas to perform linear scanning printing, and the areas between the boundaries are subjected to rapid scanning printing through the spray heads with the large-aperture nozzles, so that the printing efficiency is improved. Two spray heads of the device scan and print independently in parallel, and the printing precision of a circular outline area is improved while the sand mould printing efficiency is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the two nozzles in the printing device can independently and parallelly print the printing areas divided by the current layer, the nozzles of the small-aperture nozzles print the boundary areas of the outline, wherein the boundary areas of the circular outline are printed by adopting rotary scanning, other boundary areas are printed by adopting linear scanning, and the areas inside the outline are printed by adopting the nozzles of the large-aperture nozzles for quick scanning.
According to the invention, each spray head independently moves in the printing process, the spray heads are lifted by the telescopic rods to avoid movement interference when the printing areas are exchanged, the small-aperture spray nozzle can improve the printing precision of the boundary area, especially the step error of the boundary area of the original circular outline can be thoroughly eliminated, the large-aperture spray nozzle can improve the printing efficiency of the area inside the outline, and the two spray heads independently move in parallel to further improve the overall efficiency of sand mold printing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a sand mold printing method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a sand mold nozzle printing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the construction of a rotary head;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a rotary print head rotational scan print path;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of region division;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dual head parallel print path.
In the figure, an upper guide rail 1, a guide rail block 2, a second upper guide rail 3, a second upper guide rail block 4, an expansion link 5, a small-aperture nozzle 6, a top block 7, a lower guide rail 8, a connecting block 9, an expansion link 10, a nozzle 11, a nozzle 14, a lower guide rail 15 and a guide rail block 16.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The examples of the invention are as follows:
as shown in FIG. 2, 1 is N1An upper guide rail of the nozzle 11 in the X direction, 2 a guide rail block of the upper guide rail 1, and 3N1The upper guide rail of the spray head in the Y direction, 4, a guide rail block of the guide rail 3, the lower end of the telescopic connecting rod 5 is connected to a connecting block 9, so that the connecting block 9 can move up and down along the Z direction, and the small-aperture spray nozzle 6 is arranged on the N1On the spray head 11, the connecting block 9 can extend along the layered direction (Z direction), namely the extension of the telescopic rod 5The direction is moved, so that the connecting block 9 can freely adjust the height to prevent from contacting with N in the moving process2The shower nozzle 14 takes place to interfere, and shower nozzle 11 is connected through kicking block 7 and 10 one ends of telescopic link, and the telescopic link 10 other end is connected with connecting block 9, and the radius of rotation that constitutes between the adjustable both sides shower nozzle 11 of telescopic link 10 through the horizontal both ends of connecting block 9 accomplishes the rotation scanning and prints.
As shown in FIG. 2, 8 is N2The lower guide rail of the spray head in the X direction is 12, the guide rail block of the guide rail 8 is 12, and N is 152The lower guide rail 16 of the spray head in the Y direction is a guide rail block of a guide rail 15, and the spray head 14 provided with the large-aperture spray nozzle 13 is connected and fixed with the bottom surface of the guide rail block 12.
The two nozzles are uniformly arranged with nozzles with different apertures and different numbers, N1Nozzles 11, N2The nozzles 14 print the sand mold in the X direction, and after one stroke, the two nozzles move one nozzle distance in the Y direction and continue printing. 10 nozzles with diameter d are arranged under the spray head 11 provided with the small-aperture nozzles 61The nozzle (2) is provided with 5 nozzles with the diameter d under a spray head (14) provided with a large-aperture nozzle (13)2The nozzle (shown in fig. 3), the relationship between the pore diameters of the large-pore nozzle and the small-pore nozzle is as follows:
d2＝2d1
as can be seen from the scanning area calculation, the scanning area of the head 11 per unit time is 2 times that of the head 4, and therefore, the printing efficiency can be significantly improved. In the present invention, d2＝2d1And the spray heads 11 can be lifted by the telescopic rods when the printing areas are exchanged, so that the two spray heads are prevented from interfering in movement.
FIG. 1 is a general flow chart of a sand mold parallel printing method of a dual-nozzle different-aperture nozzle, which comprises the following steps of firstly preprocessing a CAD model: obtaining profile data of each layer of the model through a layering algorithm, making correct judgment on the inclusion relation of each profile of each layer, and determining the specifications of two sprayers based on the bounding box of the maximum profile of the model in all layers; in order to avoid interference in the process of re-advancing two spray heads, each layer is divided into 3 areas, each spray head prints in one area along a fixed printing path, and a spray head N provided with small-aperture nozzles1Printing border areaNozzle N with large-aperture nozzle2The inner non-boundary region is printed.
For the boundary area, whether the contour boundary is a circular contour needs to be distinguished, if the contour boundary is a circular contour boundary, rotary scanning printing is adopted, and otherwise, linear scanning printing is adopted. In the printing process, the circular outline area is processed preferentially, after the circular outline area is printed, the remaining area is divided into two areas, wherein the opening and closing state of a nozzle under each spray head is determined according to whether the nozzle is a boundary area, and if one spray head (assuming N), the other spray head is in a closed state1Nozzles) are finished, the printing areas of the two nozzles are exchanged, and N is recorded2The printing position of the nozzle; after the two nozzles exchange the areas, the printing areas of the two nozzles are exchanged again after the two nozzles are all printed, wherein the nozzle N2Continuing printing at the recorded printing position until all printing areas of the layer are completely printed; and updating the profile data of the next layer, repeating the printing process until the profiles of all the layers are printed, and finishing the whole printing process.
As shown in fig. 4, the circular outline area existing in the current layer outline is printed preferentially, and the head 11 performs the rotational scanning printing. Wherein the scanning circle center is O, the scanning radius is R, and the scanning direction is w.
After the printing of the circular outline area of the current layer is completed, the remaining areas are divided, the boundary areas are printed by the heads 11, and the non-boundary areas are printed by the heads 14. As shown in fig. 5, the gray border area is printed by the head 11 and the inner light area is printed by the head 14.
As shown in fig. 6, after all areas of the current layer are printed, the printing paths of the small-aperture nozzles are displayed as gray areas, and the printing paths of the large-aperture nozzles are displayed as light areas.
Therefore, the invention identifies the inner contour of the area in the scanning and printing process of each layer through two independent printing nozzles and then performs differentiated printing, namely, the existing circular contour in the current layer printing area is printed by adopting the rotary nozzles, the error caused by the step effect is eliminated, then the boundary area of the non-circular contour is linearly scanned and printed by adopting the rotary nozzles, the step effect error is reduced, and the other areas are linearly and quickly printed by adopting the large-aperture nozzles, so that the printing efficiency is obviously improved.
Claims (6)
1. A sand mould printing method of a rotary different-aperture nozzle is characterized in that,
adopting a sand mould printing device, wherein the sand mould printing device comprises a rotary printing spray head provided with a small-aperture nozzle and two printing spray heads provided with a linear scanning spray head provided with a large-aperture nozzle, and the nozzles under the two spray heads are independently opened and closed; the aperture of the large-aperture nozzle is twice that of the small-aperture nozzle; the rotary printing nozzle comprises two groups of nozzle groups which are arranged on two sides of a rotation center, the distance between each of the two groups of nozzle groups and the rotation center is adjustable, and each group of nozzle groups comprises a plurality of small nozzles which are gathered together; the linear scanning type spray head comprises a plurality of large spray heads which are gathered together;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) layering the CAD three-dimensional model and acquiring profile data of each layer;
2) identifying the contour of the printing area of the current layer, determining whether a circular contour exists, if so, calculating the circle center and the radius of the circular contour, and turning 3), otherwise, turning 4);
3) determining a rotary printing nozzle N according to the circle center and the radius of the circular outline1The center coordinates of (a) and the radius of rotation thereof;
4) dividing a printing area of a printing nozzle on a current layer;
5) establishing a printing path of a current printing area according to different printing nozzles;
6) controlling the opening and closing of each nozzle according to the determined printing path to print;
7) updating the profile data of the next layer, judging whether the profiles of all the layers are printed, if so, finishing, otherwise, continuously executing the step 2) until all the layers are printed.
2. The sand-mold printing method of the rotary different-aperture nozzle according to claim 1, wherein: in the rotary printing nozzle, a rotating center is connected to the telescopic rod in the printing layering direction, and the two groups of nozzle groups and the rotating center are positioned on the same plane, so that the rotating center and the two groups of nozzle groups can freely move in the printing layering direction to adjust the height position; in the rotary printing nozzle, two groups of nozzle groups are connected to a rotating center through telescopic rods in the printing and scanning direction, so that the nozzle groups can move close to or away from the rotating center freely in the printing and scanning direction, the rotating radius between the two groups of nozzle groups is adjusted, and the range of executing rotary scanning and printing is adjusted.
3. The sand-mold printing method of the rotary different-aperture nozzle according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the contour of the printing area of the current layer is identified, and whether a circular contour exists is determined, specifically:
(2.1) constructing a point set D for points on all contour curves of the current layer;
(2.2) for the ith profile Di∈ D, 1 < i < n, n representing the total number of contour curves in the set of points D, randomly selecting 3 points D from the ith contour curve1、d2、d3Calculate by d1、d2、d3Calculating a circle center O and a radius R of a circle determined by the three points;
(2.3) calculating the ith Profile DiIf so, the ith contour curve is not the circular contour, and traversing each contour curve to obtain the result of whether the circular contour exists in the contour set of the printing area of the layer.
4. The sand-mold printing method of the rotary different-aperture nozzle as claimed in claim 2, wherein: determining the rotary printing nozzle N in the step 3)1The center coordinates and the radius of rotation of (a) are specifically:
(3.1) according to the circle center of the circular outline in the step 2), the rotary printing nozzle N is arranged1Is moved to the center of the circle to doFor rotary printing of nozzle N1A center of rotation of;
(3.2) adjusting the length of the telescopic rod to be the radius R of the circular outline as the rotary printing nozzle N1The radius of rotation of (a).
5. The sand-mold printing method of the rotary different-aperture nozzle according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 4), the step of dividing the printing area of the printing nozzle on the current layer specifically includes:
(4.1) regarding the area where the circular outline identified in the step 2) is located as a processing area I, regarding the other outline boundary areas except the circular outline of the current layer printing area as processing areas II, regarding the areas between the boundary outlines as processing areas III;
(4.2) when the current layer printing area is printed, the rotary printing nozzle is preferentially adopted to print the processing area I, and the rotary printing nozzle and the linear scanning nozzle are adopted to print in parallel for the processing area II and the processing area III, so that the printing efficiency is improved.
6. The sand-mold printing method of the rotary different-aperture nozzle according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 5), establishing a printing path of the current printing area according to different printing nozzles specifically includes: circular profile rotary printing nozzle N1The non-circular contour is printed by a rotary printing nozzle N1The small-aperture nozzle scans and prints along the line where the non-circular outline is located, and the area between the outlines is formed by a linear scanning type nozzle N2Filling and printing the large-aperture nozzle.
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| CN116065822A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-05-05 | 冠鲁建设股份有限公司 | Building construction operation management method, system, device and medium |
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