CN111363347B - Glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111363347B CN111363347B CN202010194546.0A CN202010194546A CN111363347B CN 111363347 B CN111363347 B CN 111363347B CN 202010194546 A CN202010194546 A CN 202010194546A CN 111363347 B CN111363347 B CN 111363347B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/043—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with glass fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2377/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2463/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
- C08K5/1535—Five-membered rings
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/20—Carboxylic acid amides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
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- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
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Abstract
The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 55-80% of nylon6, 20-40% of glass fiber and 0.5-5% of modifier; wherein, the modifier comprises an auxiliary agent and a cardanol epoxy compound. The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material and the preparation method thereof can reduce the processing and forming difficulty of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, and the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material still has good corrosion resistance in a high-temperature oil-heat environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Polyamide-6 (PA 6, PA6 for short), Nylon 6(Nylon6), Polycaprolactam (Polycaprolactam), the molecular formula of which is [ -NH- (CH)2)5-CO]nIt is usually made by condensation polymerization of epsilon-caprolactam with a polar amide (-NHCO-) group attached to the chain, where hydrogen can form strong hydrogen bonds with carboxyl groups on different molecular chains.
Nylon6 is a crystalline polymer that is translucent or opaque, milky white in appearance, having a relative molecular mass of between 1.5 and 3 tens of thousands. The nylon6 has excellent self-lubricating property, wear resistance and oil resistance, high mechanical strength, good electrical insulation and good processing fluidity, so that the nylon6 can be widely applied to the industries of automobiles, traffic, chemical engineering, machinery, instruments, agricultural machinery, textile machinery and the like. However, nylon6 has a high water absorption rate, so that the nylon6 generates a plasticizing effect to a certain extent, and thus the stability of the product is poor and the heat resistance needs to be improved.
Glass fiber (GF for short) has low water absorption, good heat resistance, corrosion resistance, heat insulation, electrical insulation, high tensile strength, high elastic modulus, and small elongation (less than 3%). The glass fiber is mainly used as an electrical insulating material, an industrial filtering material, an anticorrosion, dampproof, heat-insulating, sound-insulating and shock-absorbing material, and can also be used as a reinforcing material to manufacture products such as reinforced plastics, reinforced rubber, reinforced gypsum, reinforced cement and the like.
The glass fiber can be divided into alkali glass fiber (the content of alkali metal is more than 12%), medium alkali glass fiber (the content of alkali metal is 6-12%), low alkali glass fiber (the content of alkali metal is 2-6%) and alkali-free glass fiber (the content of alkali metal is less than 2%) according to the content of alkali metal oxidation in the fiber; the glass fiber can be divided into coarse fiber (monofilament diameter is 30 μm), primary fiber (monofilament diameter is 20 μm), middle grade fiber (monofilament diameter is 10-20 μm), high grade fiber (monofilament diameter is 3-9 μm), and superfine fiber (monofilament diameter is less than 4 μm) according to diameter size; glass fibers can be classified into continuous fibers, chopped fibers, hollow glass fibers, milled fibers and glass powder according to appearance.
The modification of nylon mainly comprises physical modification and chemical modification, wherein the chemical modification is to add other monomers in the polymerization reaction process and copolymerize to prepare copolymerized nylon; the physical modification is generally to add some modifiers with filler properties (such as fillers, lubricants, reinforcing materials, coupling agents, flame retardants, etc.) and blend the modifiers with nylon to obtain modified nylon. The composite material obtained by adding glass fiber into nylon is a common nylon modified material, and the material has good strength, heat resistance, excellent impact resistance, dimensional stability, low warpage and the like, but the material still has the following defects: firstly, when the mixture of the glass fiber and the nylon6 is extruded and processed, the glass fiber which is cut into fragments is uniformly distributed in the nylon6, so that the fluidity of the composite material is limited to a certain extent when the composite material is extruded and processed, and the processing and forming difficulty of the composite material is increased; secondly, when some nylon products are used, the high mechanical property and the good thermal stability of the nylon products are required, and even the mechanical property, the thermal stability, the corrosion resistance and the like of the nylon products under comprehensive environmental conditions are required, for example, the composite material is required to resist the erosion of oil agent under the high-temperature condition, so the improvement of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material is still required.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, which can not only reduce the processing and forming difficulty of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material, but also has good corrosion resistance in a high-temperature oil-heat environment.
The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the first technical problem is as follows: the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 55-80% of nylon6, 20-40% of glass fiber and 0.5-5% of modifier; wherein, the modifier comprises an auxiliary agent and a cardanol epoxy compound.
The interface formed by the contact of the glass fiber and the nylon resin matrix in the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material is a new phase which has a certain thickness, a structure similar to that of the nylon resin matrix and is obviously different from the glass fiber, and the new phase is called as an interface phase. According to the research, the interface phase is a 'tie' connecting the glass fiber and the nylon resin matrix, the interface plays a role in transferring stress, and the strength of the transferring function is determined by the bonding strength of the interface. If the interface strength is large enough and the transmission efficiency of the stress is high, the strength of the composite material is improved more; however, if the interfacial strength is weak, even lower than that of the resin, the strength of the composite material may be lower than that of the pure resin.
On one hand, the auxiliary agent and the cardanol epoxy compound can perform chemical reaction with hydroxyl on the glass fiber and also can perform chemical reaction with amino or carboxyl on the nylon resin, a bridge is built between the glass fiber and the nylon resin to improve the interface strength, so that the glass fiber and the nylon resin are combined more firmly, and the mechanical property of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material can be improved; on the other hand, with the addition of the auxiliary agent and the cardanol epoxy compound, the surface of the glass fiber is coated by the auxiliary agent, so that the viscosity and oil absorption value of a mixed system are reduced, the cardanol epoxy compound contains a long straight chain and can play a lubricating effect to a certain extent, and the flow property of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material is improved under the synergistic effect of the auxiliary agent and the cardanol epoxy compound, so that the processing and forming difficulty of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material is reduced; in addition, the long carbon chain structure of the cardanol epoxy compound can form a good barrier layer on the surface of the nylon resin, so that the corrosion effect of oil is reduced, and the oil resistance of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material is effectively improved.
Further, the intrinsic viscosity of the nylon6 is 2.4-2.7. Nylon6 with intrinsic viscosity of 2.4-2.7 has better mechanical property and processing property.
Further, the glass fiber is alkali-free chopped glass fiber. The alkali-free glass fiber has the characteristics of high chemical stability, good electrical insulation, high mechanical strength, low hydrolysis degree and good water resistance and weak alkali resistance; compared with long-fiber glass fibers, the chopped glass fibers have the characteristics of excellent resin matrix wettability, moderate hardness, easy control of fiber orientation, high fiber length retention rate after processing and good product surface performance.
Further, the auxiliary agent is at least one of furandicarboxylic acid and epoxidized soybean oil.
The glass fiber and nylon composite material is easily oxidized and even oxidized and degraded in the injection molding processing process, and 0.3 percent of antioxidant is also included in order to reduce the oxidation degree of the glass fiber reinforced nylon material in the processing process. The addition of the antioxidant can ensure that the processed glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material still has good color and luster and performance.
Further, the antioxidant is N, N '-bis- (3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl) hexamethylenediamine or a mixture of N, N' -bis- (3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl) hexamethylenediamine and tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite. The product name of the N, N' -bis- (3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl) hexamethylenediamine is antioxidant 1098, the antioxidant 1098 is a special antioxidant for nylon6, the molecular structure of the antioxidant is good in compatibility with the nylon6, and the viscosity of the nylon6 can be stabilized in the processing process. The product name of the phosphorous acid tri (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) ester is antioxidant 168, the antioxidant 168 is an auxiliary antioxidant, and the effect is better when the antioxidant is combined with antioxidant 1098.
More preferably, in order to make the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material have better corrosion resistance in a high-temperature oil thermal environment, the content of the nylon6 is 69.7%, the content of the glass fiber is 25%, the content of the auxiliary agent is 3%, the content of the cardanol epoxy compound is 2%, and the content of the antioxidant is 0.3%.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the second technical problem is as follows: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing the components according to the weight percentage;
step two: and (2) extruding the mixture obtained in the step one by a double-screw extruder for granulation, wherein the extrusion temperature in the double-screw extruder is 220-265 ℃, the screw rotation speed is 400-600r/min, and the length-diameter ratio of the screw of the selected double-screw extruder is 48: 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: by adding the auxiliary agent and the cardanol compound into the nylon6 and the glass fiber, on one hand, the auxiliary agent and the cardanol epoxy compound can perform chemical reaction with hydroxyl on the glass fiber and also can perform chemical reaction with amino or carboxyl on the nylon resin, a bridge is built between the glass fiber and the nylon resin to improve the interface strength, so that the glass fiber and the nylon resin are combined more firmly, and the mechanical property of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material can be improved; on the other hand, with the addition of the auxiliary agent and the cardanol epoxy compound, the surface of the glass fiber is coated by the auxiliary agent, so that the viscosity and oil absorption value of a mixed system are reduced, the cardanol epoxy compound contains a long straight chain and can play a lubricating effect to a certain extent, and the flow property of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material is improved under the synergistic effect of the auxiliary agent and the cardanol epoxy compound, so that the processing and forming difficulty of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material is reduced; in addition, the long carbon chain structure of the cardanol epoxy compound can form a good barrier layer on the surface of the nylon resin, so that the corrosion effect of oil is reduced, and the oil resistance of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material is effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The nylon6 involved in this example is a high-rigidity nylon6 of type M2500N4 from majord incorporated, glass fibers are alkali-free glass fiber chopped strands of type 560A from boulder group co, the alkali-free glass fiber chopped strands have a diameter of 9-12 μ M and a length of 3-4.5 μ M, furandicarboxylic acid is furan-2, 5-dicarboxylic acid from suzhou gaede fine materials co, epoxidized soybean oil is ESO-KL05 from zibokakai co, cardanol epoxide is cardanol epoxy resin of type C40 from yozhongzhou research science and technology co, and the antioxidant is IRGANOX1098 from basf co.
Example 1
The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 73.7% of nylon6, 25% of chopped glass fiber, 0.2% of furandicarboxylic acid, 0.3% of epoxidized soybean oil, 0.5% of C40 cardanol epoxy resin and 0.3% of antioxidant 1098.
The preparation method of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing nylon6, chopped glass fiber, furan dicarboxylic acid, epoxidized soybean oil, C40 cardanol epoxy resin and an antioxidant 1098 according to the weight percentage;
step two: and (3) extruding and granulating the mixture obtained in the step one by using a double-screw extruder, wherein the extrusion temperature in the double-screw extruder is 240 ℃, the rotating speed of a screw is 500r/min, and the length-diameter ratio of the screw of the selected double-screw extruder is 48: 1.
Example 2
The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 72.7% of nylon6, 25% of chopped glass fiber, 0.5% of furandicarboxylic acid, 0.5% of epoxidized soybean oil, 1% of C40 cardanol epoxy resin and 0.3% of antioxidant 1098.
The preparation method of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing nylon6, chopped glass fiber, furandicarboxylic acid, epoxidized soybean oil, C40 cardanol epoxy resin and an antioxidant 1098 in percentage by weight;
step two: and (3) extruding and granulating the mixture obtained in the step one by using a double-screw extruder, wherein the extrusion temperature in the double-screw extruder is 240 ℃, the rotating speed of a screw is 500r/min, and the length-diameter ratio of the screw of the selected double-screw extruder is 48: 1.
Example 3
The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 69.7% of nylon6, 25% of chopped glass fiber, 1% of furandicarboxylic acid, 2% of epoxidized soybean oil, 2% of C40 cardanol epoxy resin and 0.3% of antioxidant 1098.
The preparation method of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing nylon6, chopped glass fiber, furan dicarboxylic acid, epoxidized soybean oil, C40 cardanol epoxy resin and an antioxidant 1098 according to the weight percentage;
step two: and (3) extruding and granulating the mixture obtained in the step one by using a double-screw extruder, wherein the extrusion temperature in the double-screw extruder is 240 ℃, the rotating speed of a screw is 500r/min, and the length-diameter ratio of the screw of the selected double-screw extruder is 48: 1.
Comparative example 1
The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in the comparative example comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 74.7 percent of nylon6, 25 percent of chopped glass fiber and 0.3 percent of antioxidant 1098.
The preparation method of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing nylon6, chopped glass fiber and an antioxidant 1098 according to the weight percentage;
step two: and (3) extruding and granulating the mixture obtained in the step one by using a double-screw extruder, wherein the extrusion temperature in the double-screw extruder is 240 ℃, the rotating speed of a screw is 500r/min, and the length-diameter ratio of the screw of the selected double-screw extruder is 48: 1.
Performance testing
The example 1, the example 2, the example 3 and the comparative example 1 were prepared into standard sample bars required for the mechanical property test, and the mechanical property test was performed after being left for 24 hours in an environment with a temperature of 23 + -2 ℃ and a humidity of 50 + -5%. The mechanical property test comprises a tensile property test (the test method is referred to GB/T1040-92), a bending property test (the test method is referred to GB/T9341-2008), a cantilever beam impact property test (the test method is referred to GB/1843-1996) and a flow property test (the test method is referred to GB/T3682-2000).
The standard sample strips required for the tensile strength test were prepared by using example 1, example 2, example 3 and comparative example 1, immersed in a lubricating oil at a temperature of 120 ℃ for 1000 hours, observed for the presence of cracks on the surfaces of the standard sample strips, and the tensile strength retention rate was calculated from the tensile strength of the standard sample strips before and after the immersion operation.
The results of the performance test of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite in each example and comparative example are as follows:
item | Unit of | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 |
Tensile strength | MPa | 143 | 146 | 148 | 142 |
Bending strength | MPa | 172 | 177 | 186 | 178 |
Notched impact strength | kJ/m2 | 10.1 | 12 | 10.3 | 9.4 |
Melt index | g/10min | 25 | 27 | 32 | 18 |
Retention of tensile strength | % | 72 | 83 | 92 | 45 |
Whether or not the appearance is cracked | / | Whether or not | Whether or not | Whether or not | Is that |
As shown in the above table, the melt index of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in comparative example 1 is 18g/10min, the melt index of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in each example is higher than 18g/10min, and the fluidity of the composite material is represented by the melt index, so that the fluidity of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in each example is better than that of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in comparative example 1, and the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material is easier to process and mold; the tensile strength retention rate of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in the comparative example 1 is 45%, and the tensile strength retention rate of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in each example is higher than 45%, so that the tensile property change degree of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in each example in a high-temperature oil-heat environment is smaller than that of the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in the comparative example 1, so that the glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material in each example has better corrosion resistance, more stable tensile property and is not easy to change in the high-temperature oil-heat environment.
Claims (7)
1. The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 55-73.7% of nylon6, 20-40% of glass fiber and 0.5-5% of modifier; the modifier comprises an auxiliary agent and a cardanol epoxy compound, wherein the auxiliary agent is furan dicarboxylic acid and epoxidized soybean oil.
2. The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite of claim 1, wherein the nylon6 has an intrinsic viscosity of 2.4-2.7.
3. The glass-reinforced nylon composite of claim 1, wherein the glass fibers are alkali-free chopped glass fibers.
4. The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite of claim 1, further comprising 0.3% of an antioxidant.
5. The glass-fiber reinforced nylon composite of claim 4, wherein the antioxidant is N, N '-bis- (3- (3, 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl) hexamethylenediamine or a mixture of N, N' -bis- (3- (3, 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl) hexamethylenediamine and tris (2, 4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite.
6. The glass fiber reinforced nylon composite material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the content of the nylon6 is 69.7%, the content of the glass fiber is 25%, the content of the auxiliary agent is 3%, the content of the cardanol epoxy compound is 2%, and the content of the antioxidant is 0.3%.
7. A method of making a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing the components according to the weight percentage;
step two: and (3) extruding and granulating the mixture obtained in the step one by a double-screw extruder, wherein the extrusion temperature in the double-screw extruder is 220-265 ℃, the screw rotating speed is 400-600r/min, and the length-diameter ratio of the screw of the selected double-screw extruder is 48: 1.
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JP2005297206A (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2005-10-27 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | Method for manufacturing fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin composition |
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JP2005297206A (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2005-10-27 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | Method for manufacturing fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin composition |
CN105176079A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-23 | 东莞市沃府工程塑料科技有限公司 | Chopped-glass-fiber-reinforced nylon modified material and preparation method thereof |
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