CN111360190B - Vertical Forging Process of Double Coupling Gear Blanks with Deep Blind Holes - Google Patents
Vertical Forging Process of Double Coupling Gear Blanks with Deep Blind Holes Download PDFInfo
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- CN111360190B CN111360190B CN202010179451.1A CN202010179451A CN111360190B CN 111360190 B CN111360190 B CN 111360190B CN 202010179451 A CN202010179451 A CN 202010179451A CN 111360190 B CN111360190 B CN 111360190B
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 587
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
- B21J13/03—Die mountings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
- B21J13/14—Ejecting devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
- B21J5/025—Closed die forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/10—Piercing billets
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种带深盲孔的双联轴齿坯件立式锻造工艺，包括：精准下料，按照锻造成型后的坯件重量进行精准下料，下料误差不得超过1％；加热至锻造温度；集料，集料模的型腔体积比坯料总体积大1％‑2％；预锻，预锻模的型腔体积比坯料总体积大1％‑2％；终锻，终锻模的型腔体积比坯料总体积大1％‑2％。通过精确下料，并严格控制集料、预锻、终锻成型模具的型腔体积与坯件的体积关系，并结合专用的集料、预锻、终锻模，能直接锻造出带深盲孔的双联轴齿坯件，并避免产生飞边，同时减少工序，节约材料成本和机加成本。
The invention discloses a vertical forging process for a double-coupling gear blank with a deep blind hole, which includes: precise blanking, and accurate blanking is performed according to the weight of the blank after forging, and the blanking error cannot exceed 1%; heating to the forging temperature; aggregate, the cavity volume of the aggregate die is 1%-2% larger than the total volume of the billet; pre-forging, the cavity volume of the pre-forging die is 1%-2% larger than the total volume of the billet; The cavity volume of the forging die is 1%-2% larger than the total billet volume. Through precise blanking and strict control of the relationship between the volume of the cavity of the aggregate, pre-forging and final forging forming die and the volume of the blank, combined with special aggregate, pre-forging and final forging dies, the deep blind can be directly forged. The double-coupling tooth blank of the hole, and avoid the flash, while reducing the process, saving material cost and machining cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging processes, in particular to a vertical forging method for a double-coupling gear blank.
Background
As shown in fig. 1, the conventional manufacturing method of the dual-coupling gear with the deep blind hole is horizontal forging, but the horizontal forging cannot forge the deep blind hole, and only forges a dual-coupling gear blank in a full core state; and finishing the deep blind hole by machining after forging. In addition, the horizontal forging also needs to be performed with edge cutting, which increases the cost of a set of edge cutting die, thus causing long process flow, high material cost and high subsequent machining cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vertical forging process for a double-coupling gear blank, which can directly forge a deep blind hole, avoid the generation of flash, reduce the working procedures and save the material cost and the machining cost.
Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a vertical forging process for a double-coupling gear blank with deep blind holes comprises the following steps:
step one, accurate blanking; after the bar is qualified through inspection, a band sawing machine or a circular sawing machine is used for blanking, the saw cut is required to be smooth, accurate blanking is carried out according to the weight of a blank formed by forging, and the blanking error is not more than 1%;
step two, heating to the forging temperature; putting the blank into an induction heating furnace or a gas heating furnace, heating to the forging temperature, and discharging;
step three, collecting materials;
the adopted material collecting mold comprises a material collecting mold upper female mold block fixedly arranged below an upper template of the material collecting mold, a material collecting mold lower female mold block fixedly arranged above a lower template of the material collecting mold and a material ejecting mechanism vertically extending into the bottom of a cavity of the material collecting mold lower female mold block, wherein the cavity of the material collecting mold upper female mold block is conical, the upper part and the lower part of the cavity of the material collecting mold lower female mold block are big, the cavity of the material collecting mold lower female mold block is cylindrical with a draft, the width of the cylindrical top part is gradually increased until the width of the cylindrical top part is consistent with the width of the conical bottom part, the width of the conical top part is larger than the width of the cylindrical bottom part;
in the process of collecting materials, a blank heated to the forging temperature is loaded into a lower female die of a collecting die, an upper sliding block of a press machine drives an upper female die block of the collecting die to descend from an initial position to an upper plane of a lower female die block to be contacted with a lower plane of the upper female die block, and then the forming of the collecting materials is finished; then, an upper sliding block of the press machine drives an upper female die block of the collecting die to move upwards to an initial position, a blank is ejected upwards by an ejection mechanism, and the blank is manually clamped and taken out to complete collection;
step four, pre-forging;
the adopted preforging die comprises a preforging die upper convex module fixedly arranged below a preforging die upper template, a preforging die lower concave module fixedly arranged above a preforging die lower template and a liftout mechanism vertically extending into the bottom of a preforging die lower concave module cavity, wherein a preforging die upper punch is arranged in the middle of the preforging die upper convex module and comprises a rod body and a conical round head, the bottom surface of the preforging die upper convex module is a plane and is flush with the conical round head root of the preforging die upper punch; the cavity of the lower die of the pre-forging die comprises a large cylinder head at the upper part and a cylinder with a drawing slope at the lower part, the cylinder and the large cylinder head are connected through a conical section, and two ends of the conical section are in fillet transition; the whole preforging cavity surrounded by the preforging die upper convex module, the preforging die upper punch and the preforging die lower concave module is Y-shaped; in the pre-forging die, a pre-forging die locating sleeve is arranged outside the pre-forging die upper convex module, the bottom surface of the pre-forging die locating sleeve is higher than that of the pre-forging die upper convex module, when the die is closed, the pre-forging die lower concave module is inserted into the pre-forging die lower concave module, and the bottom surface of the pre-forging die locating sleeve is contacted with the top surface of the pre-forging die lower concave module; the volume of the cavity of the preforging die is 1-2% larger than the total volume of the blank;
in the pre-forging process, the blank after the material collecting process is finished is placed into the lower pre-forging die concave module, the upper press block drives the upper pre-forging die convex module and the upper pre-forging die punch to descend from the initial position to the upper plane of the lower pre-forging die concave die and the lower plane of the pre-forging die locating sleeve, and simultaneously the upper pre-forging die punch is pressed into the blank to form the upper part taper hole of the blank, and the pre-forging forming is finished; an upper sliding block of the press machine drives an upper male die of the preforging die to move upwards to an initial position, a blank is ejected upwards by an ejection mechanism, and the blank is manually clamped and taken out to finish preforging;
step five, finish forging and forming;
the adopted finish forging die comprises a finish forging die upper convex module fixedly arranged below a finish forging die upper template, a finish forging die lower concave module fixedly arranged above a finish forging die lower template, and a liftout mechanism vertically extending into the bottom of a finish forging die lower concave module cavity, wherein a finish forging die upper punch is arranged in the middle of the finish forging die upper convex module, a finish forging die left half die and a finish forging die right half die are arranged above the finish forging die lower concave module, finish forging die opening and closing cylinders are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the finish forging die left and right half dies and can realize opening and closing under the action of the finish forging die opening and closing cylinders, the finish forging die upper convex module, the finish forging die upper punch, the finish forging die left half die, the finish forging die right half die and the finish forging die lower concave module can jointly enclose a finish forging die cavity, the finish forging die cavity comprises a deep blind hole, a gear wheel position cavity on the upper portion, a pinion position cavity on the lower portion and a cylinder with a drawing die inclination at the bottom, and the pinion position cavity at the lower part is over against the interfaces of the left and right half dies of the finish forging die and the concave die of the finish forging die; an elastic locking device is further mounted below the finish forging die upper template and comprises a finish forging die locking sleeve, a finish forging die sliding rod and a finish forging die compression spring, the upper end of the finish forging die sliding rod is fixed on the finish forging die upper template, and the finish forging die compression spring and the finish forging die locking sleeve are vertically sleeved on the finish forging die sliding rod in a sliding mode; the volume of a cavity of the finish forging die is 1-2% larger than the total volume of the blank;
in the finish forging process, the left and right finish forging die opening and closing cylinders simultaneously move towards the center of the die to enable the left and right finish forging die dies to close and form a complete lower die cavity with the fixed finish forging die lower concave die block, a blank after the finish forging process is completed is loaded into the lower die cavity, an upper slide block of a press machine drives a finish forging die upper template, a finish forging die upper convex die block, a finish forging die upper punch and an elastic locking device of the finish forging die to move downwards to the effective working stroke of the die, the inner conical surface of a finish forging die locking sleeve is completely contacted with the outer conical surfaces of the left and right finish forging die halves to lock the left and right die halves, and the left and right die halves are still kept in a die closing state after being stressed; the slide block of the press continues to move downwards, at the moment, the compression spring of the finish forging die is continuously compressed, the locking sleeve of the finish forging die keeps still, the locking force is increased, the convex die block of the finish forging die and the upper punch of the finish forging die continue to move downwards, the upper punch of the finish forging die starts to contact with the blank and go deep into the blank, so that the cavity at the lower part of the blank at the pinion is filled with the material, the convex die block of the finish forging die and the upper punch of the finish forging die continue to move downwards until the lower plane of the upper punch of the finish forging die contacts with the upper planes of the left half die and the right half die of the finish; when the upper slide block of the press drives the finish forging die upper template, the finish forging die upper convex module, the finish forging die upper punch and the elastic locking device to move upwards to the effective working stroke of the die, the inner conical surface of the finish forging die locking sleeve begins to be separated from the outer conical surfaces of the finish forging die left and right half dies, the slide block continues to drive the finish forging die upper template, the finish forging die upper convex module, the finish forging die upper punch and the elastic locking device to move upwards to return to the initial position, the left and right finish forging die opening and closing cylinders move leftwards and rightwards to return, the finish forging die left and right half dies are separated, the blank is ejected upwards by the ejecting mechanism, and the blank is manually clamped and taken out to complete finish the finish forging.
Preferably, in the collecting mold, the female mold block on the collecting mold is provided with an upper end, the upper end is inserted into the upper mold plate of the collecting mold, and the upper mold block pressing ring of the collecting mold is pressed on the step surface of the female mold block on the collecting mold and is locked on the upper mold plate of the collecting mold through screws, so that the female mold block on the collecting mold is installed on the upper mold plate of the collecting mold; the lower female module of the collecting die is provided with a lower end, the lower end is inserted into the lower female die positioning seat of the collecting die, the lower female die positioning seat of the collecting die is inserted into the lower template of the collecting die, and the lower module pressing ring of the collecting die is pressed on the step surface of the lower female module of the collecting die and is locked on the lower template of the collecting die through screws, so that the lower female module of the collecting die is installed on the lower template of the collecting die. The upper and lower concave module of collecting die adopts the module clamping ring respectively and combines the screw to install fixedly on the template that corresponds, avoids trompil on upper and lower concave module, has ensured the intensity of upper and lower concave module self, can realize the dress change of different moulds on upper and lower concave module simultaneously, and the commonality is good, and simple to operate is swift, and is firm reliable.
Preferably, in the preforging die, the preforging die upper punch, the preforging die upper convex module and the preforging die positioning sleeve all have upper ends, and are sequentially sleeved together from inside to outside through the upper ends and then inserted into the preforging die upper template, the preforging die upper module pressing ring is pressed on the step surface of the preforging die positioning sleeve and is locked on the preforging die upper template through a screw, thereby realizing the installation of the preforging die upper convex module on the preforging die upper template; the lower end head of the lower preforging die concave module is inserted into a lower preforging die positioning seat which is inserted into a lower preforging die template, a lower preforging die module pressing ring is pressed on the step surface of the lower preforging die concave module and locked on the lower preforging die template through a screw, thereby realizing the installation of the lower preforging die concave module on the lower preforging die template. The upper and lower pre-forging die modules are respectively provided with the module pressing rings and are fixedly installed on the corresponding templates by combining screws, holes are prevented from being formed in the upper and lower modules, the strength of the upper and lower modules is ensured, meanwhile, the replacement of different dies on the upper and lower modules can be realized, the universality is good, the installation is convenient and fast, and the stability and the reliability are realized.
Preferably, in the preforging die, the conical section between the cylinder of the cavity of the downward concave die block of the preforging die and the big column head is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the included angle alpha 1 between the upper conical section and the horizontal plane is smaller than the included angle alpha 2 between the small conical section and the horizontal plane, and the two conical sections are in fillet transition. The conical section adopts the sectional design with different tapers, which is more favorable for plastic deformation and improves the forging quality of the root position of the large column head.
Preferably, in the finish forging die, the finish forging die upper convex die is of an internal and external split structure and comprises a finish forging die upper convex die main body and a finish forging die upper convex die outer sleeve, the bottom surface of the finish forging die upper convex die outer sleeve is higher than that of the finish forging die upper convex die main body, when the die is closed, the finish forging die upper convex die main body is inserted between the left half die and the right half die of the finish forging die, and the bottom surface of the finish forging die upper convex die outer sleeve is in contact with the top surfaces of the left half die and the right half die of the finish forging die. The replacement frequency of the upper male die body of the finish forging die is higher than that of the upper male die sleeve of the finish forging die, and a split structure is adopted, so that the use cost is reduced; the contact surfaces of the upper male die outer sleeve of the finish forging die and the left and right half dies of the finish forging die move upwards relative to the bottom surface of the upper male die body of the finish forging die, and further flash is avoided.
Preferably, in the finish forging die, the finish forging die upper punch and the finish forging die upper punch main body are provided with upper ends, and are sequentially sleeved together from inside to outside through the upper ends and then inserted into the finish forging die upper punch positioning seat, the finish forging die upper punch is sleeved outside and pressed on the step surface of the finish forging die upper punch main body and locked on the finish forging die upper punch positioning seat through a screw, and the finish forging die upper punch positioning seat is locked on the finish forging die upper die plate through a screw, so that the finish forging die upper punch main body is installed on the finish forging die upper die plate; the lower end head of the finish forging die lower concave module is provided with a lower end head, the lower end head is inserted into a finish forging die lower concave die positioning seat, the finish forging die lower concave die positioning seat is inserted into a finish forging die lower template, a finish forging die lower module pressing ring is pressed on the step surface of the finish forging die lower concave module and locked on the finish forging die lower template through a screw, and therefore the installation of the finish forging die lower concave module on the finish forging die lower template is achieved. The finish forging die upper convex module adopts a split structure, a hole does not need to be formed in the finish forging die upper convex module main body, the strength of the finish forging die upper convex module main body is improved, and the finish forging die upper convex module is very convenient to install by adopting a step surface reverse buckling structure and combining with a screw for locking; the lower finish-forging die module is fixedly mounted on the lower finish-forging die template by adopting a lower finish-forging die module pressing ring and combining a screw, so that holes are prevented from being formed in the lower finish-forging die module, the strength of the lower finish-forging die module is ensured, the replacement and mounting of different dies on the lower finish-forging die module can be realized, the universality is good, the mounting is convenient and fast, and the stability and the reliability are high.
Preferably, in the finish forging die, the elastic locking device further comprises a finish forging die locking sleeve positioning plate and a finish forging die sliding sleeve, the finish forging die locking sleeve positioning plate is fixedly sleeved outside the finish forging die locking sleeve, the finish forging die locking sleeve positioning plate is slidably mounted on the finish forging die sliding rod through the finish forging die sliding sleeve and is locked and prevented from falling through a nut, and therefore the sliding mounting of the finish forging die locking sleeve on the finish forging die sliding rod is achieved.
Preferably, in the finish forging die, the front end of a finish forging die opening cylinder is connected with the left and right half dies of the corresponding finish forging die through a finish forging die connecting block, the rear end of the finish forging die opening cylinder is fixed on an upright post of an L-shaped finish forging die cylinder mounting seat, and a bottom plate of the finish forging die cylinder mounting seat is mounted on a lower die plate of the finish forging die through a finish forging die cylinder positioning seat.
Preferably, the material ejecting mechanisms in the material collecting die, the pre-forging die and the finish forging die are of split structures and comprise a lower ejector block and an ejector rod, the lower end of the lower ejector block is provided with an anti-falling bulge, the upper end of the ejector rod abuts against the anti-falling bulge, and the stroke range of the anti-falling bulge is between the corresponding lower concave module and the lower cushion block. The ejector rod is a common part on the press machine, adopts a split structure, and is equivalent to only needing to add a lower ejector block on the existing press machine, thereby realizing universality.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the design characteristics of the collecting die are as follows: a. a specially designed cavity structure of the aggregate mold is adopted, namely a cavity is provided with a conical head with a small upper part and a large lower part, so that enough materials are ensured to be used for forming a large gear part of a blank in the subsequent pre-forging and finish forging processes; b. the cavity structure of the conical head is combined with the accurate control of blanking (the aggregate cavity has 1% -2% of allowance relative to the blank generally), and in the aggregate process, the blank finally flows towards the interface position of the upper and lower female dies, so that the formation of flash at the interface position can be effectively avoided; c. the adoption of the conical head structure with a small upper part and a large lower part is beneficial to plastic deformation, can effectively avoid folding or interlayer in the subsequent pre-forging and finish forging processes, and improves the quality of the forged piece.
(2) And the design characteristics of the preforging die are as follows: a. the upper punch is pressed into the blank to form a taper hole at the upper part of the blank by adopting a preforging cavity which is surrounded by the upper convex die block, the upper punch and the lower concave die block and is integrally Y-shaped, so that a blind hole and a large gear part are preliminarily formed in the preforging process, and the feasibility of subsequent finish forging of a deep blind hole is ensured; b. the upper punch head adopts a conical round head, the cavity of the lower concave module is formed by a large column head on the upper part and a cylinder with a drawing slope on the lower part, the cylinder and the large column head are connected through a conical section, the two ends of the conical section are in fillet transition, and through the design of the detail part of the cavity, the generation of flash is avoided, the plastic deformation is facilitated, and the quality of a forging piece is improved.
(3) And the design characteristics of the finish forging die are as follows: the finish forging die cavity comprises a deep blind hole, a gear wheel position cavity at the upper part, a pinion gear position cavity at the lower part and a cylinder with a drawing slope at the bottom, wherein the pinion gear position cavity at the lower part is over against the interface of the left half die, the right half die and the lower concave die, so that a blank with two gear positions and one deep blind hole can be formed by finish forging, smooth demoulding can be ensured, and the finish forging die cavity is an important ring in the process of vertically forging the double-shaft gear with the deep blind hole.
(4) By accurate blanking and strictly controlling the relationship between the volume of the cavities of the material collecting, pre-forging and finish forging forming dies and the volume of the blank, the generation of flash is further avoided.
To sum up, the forging die combination is applied to vertical forging of a double-coupling gear blank with a deep blind hole, so that the quality of a forged piece is improved, flash is avoided, the working procedures are reduced, and the material cost and the machining cost are saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a machined double-coupling gear with a deep blind hole.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the collecting mold of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a blocker according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a finish forging die of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of fig. 5.
FIG. 7 is a process flow diagram of vertical forging of a dual-coupling gear blank with deep blind holes.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
a vertical forging process for a double-coupling gear blank with deep blind holes comprises the following steps:
step one, accurate blanking; after the bar is qualified through inspection, a band sawing machine or a circular sawing machine is used for blanking, the saw cut is required to be smooth, accurate blanking is carried out according to the weight of a blank formed by forging, and the blanking error is not more than 1%;
step two, heating to the forging temperature; putting the blank into an induction heating furnace or a gas heating furnace, heating to the forging temperature, and discharging;
step three, collecting materials;
step four, pre-forging;
and step five, finish forging and forming.
As shown in figure 2, the material collecting mold adopted in the material collecting process mainly comprises a material collecting mold upper template A-1, a material collecting mold upper female mold block A-2, a material collecting mold lower template A-3, a material collecting mold lower female mold module A-4, a material collecting mold lower female mold positioning seat A-5, a material collecting mold upper module pressing ring A-6, a material collecting mold lower module pressing ring A-7, a material collecting mold upper backing plate A-8, a lower jacking block 9, a jacking rod 10, a material collecting mold lower cushion block A-11, a material collecting mold guide sleeve A-12 and a material collecting mold guide column A-13.
The collecting mold upper female mold block A-2 is fixedly arranged below the collecting mold upper template A-1, the collecting mold lower female mold block A-4 is fixedly arranged above the collecting mold lower template A-3, and the collecting mold upper female mold block A-2 and the collecting mold lower female mold block A-4 jointly enclose a collecting mold cavity. The ejection mechanism can vertically extend into the bottom of a cavity of a lower concave module A-4 of the aggregate mold and is used for ejecting the molded blank. The volume of the aggregate model cavity is 1-2% larger than the total volume of the blank.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: the cavity of the upper female die block A-2 of the collecting die is conical with a small top and a large bottom, the cavity of the lower female die block A-4 of the collecting die is cylindrical with a draft angle, the width of the top of the cylinder is gradually increased until the width of the top of the cylinder is consistent with the width of the bottom of the cone, and the width of the top of the cone is larger than the width of the bottom of the cylinder.
Preferably, the upper female die block A-2 of the collecting die is provided with an upper end, the upper end is inserted into the upper template A-1 of the collecting die, and the upper die block pressing ring A-6 of the collecting die is pressed on the step surface of the upper female die block A-2 of the collecting die and is locked on the upper template A-1 of the collecting die through screws, so that the mounting of the upper female die block A-2 of the collecting die on the upper template A-1 of the collecting die is realized. The collecting die lower concave module A-4 is provided with a lower end, the lower end is inserted into the collecting die lower concave die positioning seat A-5, the collecting die lower concave die positioning seat A-5 is inserted into the collecting die lower template A-3, the collecting die lower module pressing ring A-7 is pressed on the step surface of the collecting die lower concave module A-4 and is locked on the collecting die lower template A-3 through a screw, and therefore the collecting die lower concave module A-4 is installed on the collecting die lower template A-3. The screw is preferably a socket head cap screw.
An upper backing plate A-8 of the collecting mold is preferably arranged between the upper female mold block A-2 of the collecting mold and the upper template A-1 of the collecting mold, and a lower cushion block A-11 of the collecting mold is preferably arranged between the lower female mold positioning seat A-5 of the collecting mold and the lower template A-3 of the collecting mold.
The material ejecting mechanism is preferably of a split structure and consists of a lower ejecting block 9 and an ejecting rod 10. The lower end of the lower ejector block 9 is provided with an anti-falling bulge 9a, the upper end of the ejector rod 10 abuts against the anti-falling bulge 9a, and the stroke range of the anti-falling bulge 9a is between the collecting mold lower concave module A-4 and the collecting mold lower cushion block A-11. The stroke of the ejection mechanism is determined by the stroke range h of the anti-drop bulge 9 a.
At least two groups of guide mechanisms are arranged between the upper template A-1 of the aggregate mold and the lower template A-3 of the aggregate mold, but not limited to two groups. Each group of guide mechanisms consists of a material collecting mold guide sleeve A-12 and a material collecting mold guide column A-13 and guides the up-and-down movement of an upper template A-1 of the material collecting mold and an upper female mold block A-2 of the material collecting mold.
Referring to fig. 7, in the process of collecting materials, a blank heated to a forging temperature is loaded into a lower female die of a collecting die, and an upper slide block of a press machine drives an upper female die of the collecting die to descend from an initial position to an upper plane of the lower female die to be contacted with a lower plane of the upper female die, so that the forming of the collected materials is completed; and then, the upper sliding block of the press drives the upper female die of the collecting die to move upwards to an initial position, the ejector rod pushes the lower ejector block upwards to eject the blank, and the blank is manually clamped and taken out to complete a collecting process cycle.
As shown in figures 3 and 4, the preforging die used in the preforging mainly comprises a preforging die upper template B-1, a preforging die upper convex module B-2, a preforging die lower template B-3, a preforging die concave module B-4, a preforging die lower concave die positioning seat B-5, a preforging die upper module pressing ring B-6, a preforging die lower module pressing ring B-7, a preforging die upper backing plate B-8, a lower top block 9, a liftout bar 10, a preforging die lower cushion block B-11, a preforging die guide sleeve B-12, a preforging die guide column B-13, a preforging die upper punch B-14 and a preforging die positioning sleeve B-15.
The preforging die upper convex module B-2 is fixedly arranged below the preforging die upper template B-1, the preforging die lower concave module B-4 is fixedly arranged above the preforging die lower template B-3, and the preforging die upper convex module B-2 and the preforging die lower concave module B-4 together enclose a preforging die cavity. The ejection mechanism can vertically extend into the bottom of the cavity of the lower concave module B-4 of the preforging die and is used for ejecting the formed blank. The middle part of the upper preforging die block B-2 is provided with an upper preforging die punch B-14. The volume of the cavity of the pre-forging die is 1 to 2 percent larger than the total volume of the blank.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: blocker upper punch B-14 includes an upper shank and a lower tapered button head. The bottom surface of the upper convex die block B-2 of the preforging die is a plane and is flush with the conical round head root of the upper punch B-14 of the preforging die. The cavity of the lower preforging die concave module B-4 comprises a large column head at the upper part and a cylinder with a drawing slope at the lower part, the cylinder and the large column head are connected through a conical section, and two ends of the conical section are in fillet transition. The preforging die cavity surrounded by the preforging die upper convex die block B-2, the preforging die upper punch B-14 and the preforging die lower concave die block B-4 is Y-shaped as a whole.
A preforging die positioning sleeve B-15 is arranged outside the preforging die convex module B-2, the bottom surface of the preforging die positioning sleeve B-15 is higher than the bottom surface of the preforging die convex module B-2, when the die is closed, the preforging die concave module B-4 is inserted into the preforging die concave module B-4, and the bottom surface of the preforging die positioning sleeve B-15 is contacted with the top surface of the preforging die concave module B-4. Of course, the blocker convex die block B-2 and the blocker locating sleeve B-15 can be designed integrally, but the use cost is higher. The blocker positioning sleeve is added to be used as a part of the blocker upper convex module, the blocker upper convex module and the blocker upper punch have higher replacement frequency in the forging process, the blocker positioning sleeve has low replacement frequency, and the use cost can be reduced by adopting a split design; meanwhile, the contact surface of the preforging die positioning sleeve and the preforging die concave module moves upwards relative to the bottom surface of the preforging die convex module, thereby further avoiding the generation of flash.
Preferably, the conical section between the cylinder of the cavity of the lower concave module B-4 of the preforging die and the large column head is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the included angle alpha 1 between the upper conical section and the horizontal plane is smaller than the included angle alpha 2 between the small conical section and the horizontal plane, and the two conical sections are in fillet transition.
Preferably, the preforging die upper punch B-14, the preforging die upper convex module B-2 and the preforging die positioning sleeve B-15 are all provided with upper ends, are sequentially sleeved together from inside to outside through the upper ends and then are inserted into the preforging die upper template B-1, and the preforging die upper module pressing ring B-6 is pressed on the step surface of the preforging die positioning sleeve B-15 and is locked on the preforging die upper template B-1 through a screw, thereby realizing the installation of the preforging die upper convex module B-2 on the preforging die upper template B-1. The lower end head of the lower preforging die concave module B-4 is provided with a lower end head, the lower end head is inserted into a lower preforging die positioning seat B-5, the lower preforging die positioning seat B-5 is inserted into a lower preforging die template B-3, a lower preforging die module pressing ring B-7 is pressed on the step surface of the lower preforging die concave module B-4 and is locked on the lower preforging die template B-3 through a screw, and therefore the installation of the lower preforging die concave module B-4 on the lower preforging die template B-3 is achieved. The screw is preferably a socket head cap screw.
A preforging die upper backing plate B-8 is preferably arranged between the preforging die upper convex die block B-2 and the preforging die upper die plate B-1, and a preforging die lower cushion block B-11 is preferably arranged between the preforging die lower die positioning seat B-5 and the preforging die lower die plate B-3.
The material ejecting mechanism is preferably of a split structure and consists of a lower ejecting block 9 and an ejecting rod 10. The lower end of the lower ejector block 9 is provided with an anti-falling bulge 9a, the upper end of the ejector rod 10 abuts against the anti-falling bulge 9a, and the stroke range of the anti-falling bulge 9a is between the lower precalcining die block B-4 and the lower precalcining die cushion block B-11. The stroke of the ejection mechanism is determined by the stroke range h of the anti-drop bulge 9 a.
At least two groups of guide mechanisms are arranged between the preforging die upper template B-1 and the preforging die lower template B-3, but not limited to two groups. Each group of guide mechanisms consists of a preforging die guide sleeve B-12 and a preforging die guide post B-13 and guides the up-and-down movement of a preforging die upper template B-1 and a preforging die upper convex module B-2.
Referring to fig. 7, in the pre-forging process, the blank after the material collecting process is completed is placed into the lower female die of the pre-forging die, an upper slide block of a press machine drives an upper male die (including a positioning sleeve, an upper convex die block and an upper punch) of the pre-forging die to move downwards from an initial position to an upper plane of the lower female die to be in contact with a lower plane of the positioning sleeve of the upper male die, and the upper punch is pressed into the blank to form an upper conical hole of the blank, so that the pre-forging forming is completed; and the upper sliding block of the press drives the upper male die of the pre-forging die to move upwards to an initial position, the ejector rod pushes the lower ejector block upwards to eject the blank, and the blank is manually clamped and taken out to complete a pre-forging working cycle.
With reference to fig. 5 and 6, the finish forging die used in finish forging mainly comprises a finish forging die upper template C-1, a finish forging die upper convex module C-2, a finish forging die lower template C-3, a finish forging die concave module C-4, a finish forging die lower concave die positioning seat C-5, a finish forging die upper convex die positioning seat C-6, a finish forging die lower die block pressing ring C-7, a finish forging die cylinder positioning seat C-8, a lower top block 9, a liftout bar 10, a finish forging die lower cushion block C-11, a finish forging die guide sleeve C-12, a finish forging die guide post C-13, a finish forging die upper punch C-14, a finish forging die cylinder mounting seat C-15, a finish forging die left half die C-16, a finish forging die right half die C-17, a finish forging die opening and closing cylinder C-18, a finish forging die slide bar C-19, a finish forging die compression spring C-20, a finish forging die upper die compression spring C-15, a finish forging die lower, A positioning plate C-21 of a locking sleeve of a finish forging die, a sliding sleeve C-22 of the finish forging die, a connecting block C-23 of the finish forging die and a locking sleeve C-24 of the finish forging die.
And the finish forging die upper convex module C-2 is fixedly arranged below the finish forging die upper template C-1, and the finish forging die lower concave module C-4 is fixedly arranged above the finish forging die lower template C-3. The ejection mechanism can vertically extend into the bottom of the cavity of the finish forging die concave-down module C-4 and is used for ejecting the formed blank. And the middle part of the finish forging die upper convex die block C-2 is provided with a finish forging die upper punch C-14.
And a finish forging die left half die C-16 and a finish forging die right half die C-17 are arranged above the finish forging die concave module C-4. The outsides of the finish forging die left half die C-16 and the finish forging die right half die C-17 are respectively provided with a finish forging die opening and closing cylinder C-18, and the finish forging die left half die C-16 and the finish forging die right half die C-17 can be opened and closed (separated or closed) under the driving of the corresponding finish forging die opening and closing cylinder C-18.
And a finish forging die cavity can be defined by the finish forging die convex module C-2, the finish forging die upper punch C-14, the finish forging die left half die C-16, the finish forging die right half die C-17 and the finish forging die concave module C-4. The finish forging die cavity is used for forming a finish forging blank, the finish forging die cavity comprises a deep blind hole, a gear wheel position cavity at the upper part, a pinion position cavity at the lower part and a cylinder with a drawing draft at the bottom, and the pinion position cavity at the lower part is dead against the interface of the finish forging die left half die C-16, the finish forging die right half die C-17 and the finish forging die concave die C-4, so that the blank can be smoothly demoulded under the action of a material ejecting mechanism after the finish forging die left half die C-16 and the finish forging die right half die C-17 are separated. The volume of the final forging die cavity is 1-2% larger than the total volume of the blank.
An elastic locking device is further mounted below the finish forging die upper template C-1, and the elastic locking device mainly comprises a finish forging die locking sleeve C-24, a finish forging die sliding rod C-19 and a finish forging die compression spring C-20. The upper end of a finish forging die sliding rod C-19 is fixed on a finish forging die upper template C-1, and a finish forging die compression spring C-20 and a finish forging die locking sleeve C-24 are vertically sleeved on the finish forging die sliding rod C-19 in a sliding mode.
When the finish forging die left half die C-16 and the finish forging die right half die C-17 are closed, and the finish forging die upper template C-1 drives the finish forging die upper convex module C-2, the finish forging die upper punch C-14, the finish forging die upper module pressing ring C-6 and the elastic locking device to move downwards to the effective working stroke h1 of the finish forging die, the inner conical surface of the finish forging die locking sleeve C-24 can be in complete contact with the outer conical surfaces of the finish forging die left half die C-16 and the finish forging die right half die C-17, so that the finish forging die left half die C-16 and the finish forging die right half die C-17 are locked, and the finish forging die left half die C-16 and the finish forging die right half die C-17 are prevented from being separated. And when the finish forging die upper die plate C-1 continues to descend, the finish forging die compression spring C-20 is continuously compressed, the finish forging die locking sleeve C-24 is kept still, the locking force is increased, the finish forging die upper convex die block C-2 and the finish forging die upper punch C-14 continue to descend, the finish forging die upper punch C-14 penetrates into a finish forging die cavity and fills a pinion position cavity at the lower part of the blank with the material, and the finish forging die upper convex die block C-2 and the finish forging die upper punch C-14 continue to descend until the finish forging die upper convex die block C-2 is contacted with the finish forging die left half die C-16 and the finish forging die right half die C-17, so that the blank is finish-forged.
Preferably, the finish forging die upper convex module C-2 adopts an internal and external split structure and comprises a finish forging die upper convex body C-2a and a finish forging die upper convex outer sleeve C-2b, the bottom surface of the finish forging die upper convex outer sleeve C-2b is higher than that of the finish forging die upper convex body C-2a, when the die is closed, the finish forging die upper convex body C-2a is inserted between the finish forging die left half die C-16 and the finish forging die right half die C-17, and the bottom surface of the finish forging die upper convex outer sleeve C-2b is contacted with the top surfaces of the finish forging die left half die C-16 and the finish forging die right half die C-17. Of course, the finish-forging die upper convex module C-2 can also adopt an integrated structure.
For convenient installation, the finish forging die upper punch C-14 and the finish forging die upper punch main body C-2a are provided with upper ends, are sequentially sleeved together from inside to outside through the upper ends and then are inserted into the finish forging die upper punch positioning seat C-6, the finish forging die upper punch outer sleeve C-2b is pressed on the step surface of the finish forging die upper punch main body C-2a and is locked on the finish forging die upper punch positioning seat C-6 through a screw; and the positioning seat C-6 of the upper convex die of the finish forging die is locked on the upper template C-1 of the finish forging die through a screw, so that the installation of the upper convex die block C-2 of the finish forging die on the upper template C-1 of the finish forging die is realized.
The finish forging die lower concave module C-4 is provided with a lower end head, the lower end head is inserted into a finish forging die lower concave die positioning seat C-5, the finish forging die lower concave die positioning seat C-5 is inserted into a finish forging die lower template C-3, a finish forging die lower module pressing ring C-7 is pressed on the step surface of the finish forging die lower concave module C-4 and is locked on the finish forging die lower template C-3 through a screw, and therefore the installation of the finish forging die lower concave module C-4 on the finish forging die lower template C-3 is achieved.
Preferably, a finish forging die lower cushion block C-11 is arranged between the finish forging die lower concave die positioning seat C-5 and the finish forging die lower template C-3.
The material ejecting mechanism is preferably of a split structure and consists of a lower ejecting block 9 and an ejecting rod 10. The lower end of the lower ejector block 9 is provided with an anti-falling bulge 9a, the upper end of the ejector rod 10 abuts against the anti-falling bulge 9a, and the stroke range of the anti-falling bulge 9a is between the finish forging die concave module C-4 and the finish forging die lower cushion block C-11. The stroke of the ejection mechanism is determined by the stroke range h of the anti-drop bulge 9 a.
At least two groups of guide mechanisms, preferably four groups of guide mechanisms are arranged between the finish forging die upper template C-1 and the finish forging die lower template C-3. Each group of guide mechanisms consists of a guiding sleeve C-12 of a finish forging die and a guiding column C-13 of the finish forging die and guides the up-and-down movement of an upper template C-1 of the finish forging die and an upper convex module C-2 of the finish forging die.
Preferably, the elastic locking device further comprises a finish forging die locking sleeve positioning plate C-21 and a finish forging die sliding sleeve C-22, the finish forging die locking sleeve positioning plate C-21 is fixedly sleeved outside the finish forging die locking sleeve C-24, the finish forging die locking sleeve positioning plate C-21 is slidably mounted on a finish forging die sliding rod C-19 through the finish forging die sliding sleeve C-22 and is locked and prevented from falling through a nut, and therefore sliding mounting of the finish forging die locking sleeve C-24 on the finish forging die sliding rod C-19 is achieved.
The front end of a finish forging die opening and closing cylinder C-18 is connected with corresponding left and right half dies 16 and 17 through a finish forging die connecting block C-23, the rear end of the finish forging die opening and closing cylinder C-18 is fixed on an upright post of an L-shaped finish forging die cylinder mounting seat C-15, and a bottom plate of the finish forging die cylinder mounting seat C-15 is mounted on a lower die plate C-3 of a finish forging die through a finish forging die cylinder positioning seat C-8.
Consists of a finish forging die upper template C-1, a finish forging die upper convex module C-2, a finish forging die lower template C-3, a finish forging die lower concave module C-4, a finish forging die lower concave die positioning seat C-5, a finish forging die upper convex die positioning seat C-6, a finish forging die lower die block pressing ring C-7, a finish forging die cylinder positioning seat C-8, a lower top block 9, a material ejecting rod 10, a finish forging die lower cushion block C-11, a finish forging die guide sleeve C-12, a finish forging die guide post C-13, a finish forging die upper punch C-14, a finish forging die cylinder mounting seat C-15, a finish forging die left half die C-16, a finish forging die right half die C-17, a finish forging die opening and closing cylinder C-18, a finish forging die slide bar C-19, a finish forging die compression spring C-20, a pressing sleeve positioning plate 21, a finish forging die slide sleeve C-22, a finish forging die upper die positioning plate C-17, a finish forging die connecting block C-23 and a finish forging die locking sleeve C-24.
As shown in fig. 7, the finish forging process is as follows: and the left and right finish forging dies open and close the cylinder C-18 and simultaneously move towards the center position of the die to ensure that the left finish forging die half C-16 and the right finish forging die half C-17 are matched with each other, a complete lower die cavity is formed by the left and right finish forging dies and the fixed lower finish forging die concave die block C-4, a blank after the pre-forging process is finished is loaded into the lower die cavity, an upper slide block of a press machine drives an upper finish forging die template C-1, an upper finish forging die convex die block C-2, an upper finish forging die punch C-14 and an elastic locking device of the finish forging dies to move downwards to the effective working stroke of the die, the inner conical surface of a finish forging die locking sleeve C-24 is completely contacted with the outer conical surfaces of the left finish forging die half C-16 and the right finish forging die half C-17, the left and right die halves are locked. The slide block of the press continues to move downwards, the compression spring C-20 of the finish forging die is continuously compressed at the moment, the locking sleeve C-24 of the finish forging die keeps still, the locking force is increased, the finish forging die upper convex module C-2 and the finish forging die upper punch C-14 continue to move downwards, the finish forging die upper punch C-14 starts to contact with the blank and extends into the blank, a cavity at the lower part of the blank at a pinion position is filled with materials, the finish forging die upper convex module C-2 and the finish forging die upper punch C-14 continue to move downwards again until the lower plane of the finish forging die upper convex die outer sleeve C-2b contacts with the upper planes of the finish forging die left half die C-16 and the finish forging die right half C-17, and the blank finishes finish forging forming at the moment; when the upper slide block of the press machine drives the finish forging die upper template C-1, the finish forging die upper convex module C-2, the finish forging die upper punch C-14 and the elastic locking device to move upwards to the effective working stroke of the die, the inner conical surface of the finish forging die locking sleeve C-24 begins to be separated from the outer conical surfaces of the finish forging die left half die C-16 and the finish forging die right half die C-17, the slide block continues to drive the finish forging die upper template C-1, the finish forging die upper convex module C-2, the finish forging die upper punch C-14 and the elastic locking device to move upwards and return to the initial position, the left and right finish forging die opening and closing air cylinder C-18 moves leftwards and returns to the left and right direction, the die 16 and the finish forging die right half die C-17 are separated, the ejecting blank upwards is ejected by the ejecting mechanism, the blank is manually clamped and taken out.
Claims (8)
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| CN115415745B (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2024-01-26 | 江苏双环齿轮有限公司 | Production process of multi-step precision die forging with hole shafting |
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| GB725208A (en) * | 1952-10-31 | 1955-03-02 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Process for the production of hollow valves for internal combustion engines |
| CN103801650A (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2014-05-21 | 四川众友机械有限责任公司 | Precision forging technology of tooth forms of duplex straight toothed spur gears |
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Effective date of registration: 20250123 Address after: No.3, Hong Kong Macao Road, private park, Zigong City, Sichuan Province, 643031 Patentee after: SICHUAN KAITZ VALVE MFG. Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: 643034 No.1, North South Main Road, high tech Industrial Park, Zigong City, Sichuan Province Patentee before: SICHUAN HONGXIN ENERGY EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China |