CN111320462A - 一种致密粘土砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种致密粘土砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111320462A
CN111320462A CN202010271936.3A CN202010271936A CN111320462A CN 111320462 A CN111320462 A CN 111320462A CN 202010271936 A CN202010271936 A CN 202010271936A CN 111320462 A CN111320462 A CN 111320462A
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杨松灿
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Zhengzhou Zhengqian New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及粘土砖制备领域，具体是一种致密粘土砖及其制备方法，其由以下重量份的原料组成：Al2O330‑50份、Fe2O310‑18份、页岩粉8‑14份、煤矸石粉5‑10份、镁砖粉6‑10份、耐火泥10‑15份和辅料4‑8份；本发明通过在原料中加入增塑剂和粘合剂，增加了粘土砖成型后的强度和成型时的稳定度，通过在湿碾机中混合处理，在混合过程中既有搅拌也有挤压作用，能较好地排除物料颗粒间的空气，使所混合的泥料水分均匀，颗粒表面润湿充分，混练效果好，通过滚压反复进行后达到水份均衡、配比均匀、含气量低，提高成型率和成型质量。

Description

一种致密粘土砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及粘土砖制备领域，具体是一种致密粘土砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
粘土砖也称为烧结砖，是建筑用的人造小型块材，粘土砖以粘土(包括页岩、煤矸石等粉料)为主要原料，经泥料处理、成型、干燥和焙烧而成，有实心和空心的分别。普通砖的尺寸为240毫米×115毫米×53毫米，按抗压强度(牛顿/平方毫米，N/mm2)的大小分为MU30、MU25、MU20、MU15、MU10、MU7.5这6个强度等级。粘土砖就地取材，价格便宜，经久耐用，还有防火、隔热、隔声、吸潮等优点，在土木建筑工程中使用广泛，是国人衷爱的建筑材料。
现有中国专利一种新型耐火粘土砖的制备方法(201811165381.3)，包括：焦宝石生料预处理，分级筛选成粗颗粒和细颗粒；将粗颗粒投入煅烧竖窑进行煅烧；将焦宝石细颗粒与软质粘土混合均匀，共磨成混合粘土细粉；将煅烧后的焦宝石进行破粉碎处理，分级得到焦宝石熟料颗粒料和焦宝石熟料细粉；所述焦宝石熟料颗粒料、焦宝石熟料细粉与混合粘土细粉混合实现泥料混炼，经过成型、干燥、烧结工序制得成品。本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的耐火砖的制备方法由混合粘土细粉及焦宝石熟料颗粒料和细粉制备，显著提高了原料利用率，实现了废物利用，降低了生产成本。
另现有中国专利一种废铝粘土砖及其制备方法(201810587889.6)，由以下重量份数的原料制成：粘土硬干60-70份、煤矸石粉27-33份、碳化硅7-13份、水4-6份，通过混料、成型、烘干、烧成步骤制得。所述废铝粘土砖用于石灰窑内衬。相较于现有技术中的废铝粘土砖，所述废铝粘土砖固定硫化物性能提升显著，同时其荷重软化温度、耐热性、抗渣化性和高温力学性能也有明显的提升，所述废铝粘土砖的体积密度小；进而延长石灰窑的砖体的使用寿命，减少运输成本和维修成本，提高公司经济效益。
现有技术中虽然在不断改进粘土砖的配方和生产方法，然而现有技术生产的粘土砖仍然存在原料需求多，需要添加多种辅助料，工艺复杂，且强度不理想等问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种致密粘土砖及其制备方法，本发明的致密粘土砖，以Al2O3、Fe2O3为主要原料，辅以页岩粉、煤矸石、镁砖粉、耐火泥和辅料等，改进了传统的粘土砖组成，通过在原料中添加适当的工业废渣，节约了资源，同时改进了粘土砖的抗压强度，同时保持了粘土砖本身的防火、隔热、隔声、吸潮等优点。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
根据本发明的第一方面，提供一种致密粘土砖，其由以下重量份的原料组成：Al2O330-50份、Fe2O310-18份、页岩粉8-14份、煤矸石粉5-10份、镁砖粉6-10份、耐火泥10-15份和辅料4-8份。
优选地，一种致密粘土砖，其由以下重量份的原料组成：Al2O340份、Fe2O314份、页岩粉10份、煤矸石粉7份、镁砖粉8份、耐火泥12份和辅料5份。
优选地，一种致密粘土砖，其由以下重量份的原料组成：Al2O345份、Fe2O315份、页岩粉12份、煤矸石粉6份、镁砖粉8份、耐火泥10份和辅料4份。
优选地，所述辅料为增塑剂、粘合剂按照重量比为2-4：1-3的混合。
优选地，所述辅料为增塑剂、粘合剂按照重量比为4：3的混合。
优选地，所述增塑剂为纸浆废液、环烷酸、木素磺酸盐、木素磷酸盐、木素铬酸盐中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述粘合剂为酚醛树脂胶、聚醋酸乙烯树脂胶、脲醛树脂胶或植物胶中的一种。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供一种致密粘土砖的制备方法，其包括：
S1，将Al2O3、Fe2O3、页岩粉、煤矸石粉、镁砖粉、耐火泥和辅料分别过50-100目的筛得洗粉料；
S2，将各原料按照配比混入湿碾机搅拌3-5min，加入原料质量的0.5-1.5倍的水混合10-20min；
S3，将混合后的物料经压力成型机压制成型，之后送入烘干机处理10-20h，烘干温度为90-150℃；
S4，将烘干后的成型物料送入焙烧炉烧制8-15h，烧制温度为1000-1500℃，得成品。
优选地，S1中，将各原料过100目的筛。
优选地，S2中，将各原料按照配比混入湿碾机搅拌4min，加入与原料重量相同的水混合15min。
优选地，S3中，烘干机处理时间为18h，烘干温度采用阶梯增温的方式，分别为第一阶段0-3h为75℃，第二阶段3-8h为95℃，第三阶段为8h之后保持温度为125℃。
优选地，S4中，送入焙烧炉中烧制12h，烧制温度为1200℃。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明的致密粘土砖，以Al2O3、Fe2O3为主要原料，辅以页岩粉、煤矸石、镁砖粉、耐火泥和辅料等，改进了传统的粘土砖组成，通过在原料中添加适当的工业废渣，节约了资源，同时改进了粘土砖的抗压强度，同时保持了粘土砖本身的防火、隔热、隔声、吸潮等优点，具体地，通过在原料中加入增塑剂和粘合剂，增加了粘土砖成型后的强度和成型时的稳定度，通过在湿碾机中混合处理，在混合过程中既有搅拌也有挤压作用，能较好地排除物料颗粒间的空气，使所混合的泥料水分均匀，颗粒表面润湿充分，混练效果好，通过滚压反复进行后达到水份均衡、配比均匀、含气量低，提高成型率和成型质量。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种致密粘土砖，其由以下重量份的原料组成：Al2O340份、Fe2O314份、页岩粉10份、煤矸石粉7份、镁砖粉8份、耐火泥12份和辅料5份。
在实施例1中，所述辅料为增塑剂、粘合剂按照重量比为4：3的混合。
在实施例1中，，所述增塑剂为环烷酸，所述粘合剂为酚醛树脂胶。
在实施例1中，一种致密粘土砖的制备方法，其包括：
S1，将Al2O3、Fe2O3、页岩粉、煤矸石粉、镁砖粉、耐火泥和辅料分别过100目的筛得洗粉料；
S2，将各原料按照配比混入湿碾机搅拌4min，加入原料质量的1倍的水混合15min；
S3，将混合后的物料经压力成型机压制成型，之后送入烘干机处理18h，烘干温度采用阶梯增温的方式，分别为第一阶段0-3h为75℃，第二阶段3-8h为95℃，第三阶段为8h之后保持温度为125℃；
S4，将烘干后的成型物料送入焙烧炉烧制12h，烧制温度为1200℃，得成品。
实施例2
一种致密粘土砖，其由以下重量份的原料组成：Al2O345份、Fe2O315份、页岩粉12份、煤矸石粉6份、镁砖粉8份、耐火泥10份和辅料4份。
在实施例2中，所述辅料为增塑剂、粘合剂按照重量比为2：3的混合。
在实施例2中，所述增塑剂为木素磺酸盐和木素磷酸盐的等比混合，所述粘合剂为聚醋酸乙烯树脂胶。
在实施例2中，一种致密粘土砖的制备方法，其包括：
S1，将Al2O3、Fe2O3、页岩粉、煤矸石粉、镁砖粉、耐火泥和辅料分别过80目的筛得洗粉料；
S2，将各原料按照配比混入湿碾机搅拌3min，加入原料质量的0.7倍的水混合20min；
S3，将混合后的物料经压力成型机压制成型，之后送入烘干机处理15h，烘干温度为130℃；
S4，将烘干后的成型物料送入焙烧炉烧制10h，烧制温度为1400℃，得成品。
实施例3
一种致密粘土砖，其由以下重量份的原料组成：Al2O350份、Fe2O315份、页岩粉14份、煤矸石粉10份、镁砖粉10份、耐火泥10份和辅料8份。
在实施例3中，所述辅料为增塑剂、粘合剂按照重量比为2：2的混合。
在实施例3中，所述增塑剂为环烷酸和木素铬酸盐的等比混合，所述粘合剂为脲醛树脂胶。
在实施例3中，S1，将Al2O3、Fe2O3、页岩粉、煤矸石粉、镁砖粉、耐火泥和辅料分别过80目的筛得洗粉料；
S2，将各原料按照配比混入湿碾机搅拌3min，加入原料质量的1.5倍的水混合12min；
S3，将混合后的物料经压力成型机压制成型，之后送入烘干机处理20h，烘干温度为100℃；
S4，将烘干后的成型物料送入焙烧炉烧制15h，烧制温度为1300℃，得成品。
试验例
将实施例1-3制得的致密粘土砖分别作为实施例1、实施例2和实施例3，将市售某不同厂家生产的粘土砖a和b作为对比例1和对比例2，用抗压检测试验机和气孔率检测仪分别检测上述试验例的抗压和气孔数据，数据见表1。(试验例的粘土砖均为240毫米×115毫米×53毫米的实心砖)
Figure BDA0002443418510000061
表1
通过表1数据可知，本发明制得的实施例1-3的致密粘土砖，其气孔率均低于市售产品，且对应强度也高于市售产品，本发明由于制备过程中添加了适量增塑剂和粘合剂，从而增加了粘土砖成型后的强度和成型时的稳定度，通过在制备中采用湿碾机混合处理，通过湿碾机能较好地排除物料颗粒间的空气，使所混合的泥料水分均匀，颗粒表面润湿充分，混练效果好，通过滚压反复进行后达到水份均衡、配比均匀、含气量低，提高成型率和成型质量。
最后需要说明的是，以上公开的本发明优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本发明。优选实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节，也不限制该发明仅为所述的具体实施方式。显然，根据本说明书的内容，可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例，是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用，从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地理解和利用本发明。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。

Claims (10)

1.一种致密粘土砖，其特征在于，其由以下重量份的原料组成：Al2O330-50份、Fe2O310-18份、页岩粉8-14份、煤矸石粉5-10份、镁砖粉6-10份、耐火泥10-15份和辅料4-8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种致密粘土砖，其特征在于，其由以下重量份的原料组成：Al2O340份、Fe2O314份、页岩粉10份、煤矸石粉7份、镁砖粉8份、耐火泥12份和辅料5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种致密粘土砖，其特征在于，其由以下重量份的原料组成：Al2O345份、Fe2O315份、页岩粉12份、煤矸石粉6份、镁砖粉8份、耐火泥10份和辅料4份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种致密粘土砖，其特征在于，所述辅料为增塑剂、粘合剂按照重量比为2-4：1-3的混合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种致密粘土砖，其特征在于，所述辅料为增塑剂、粘合剂按照重量比为4：3的混合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种致密粘土砖，其特征在于，所述增塑剂为纸浆废液、环烷酸、木素磺酸盐、木素磷酸盐、木素铬酸盐中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种致密粘土砖，其特征在于，所述粘合剂为酚醛树脂胶、聚醋酸乙烯树脂胶、脲醛树脂胶或植物胶中的一种。
8.一种致密粘土砖的制备方法，其特征在于，其包括：
S1，将Al2O3、Fe2O3、页岩粉、煤矸石粉、镁砖粉、耐火泥和辅料分别过50-100目的筛得洗粉料；
S2，将各原料按照配比混入湿碾机搅拌3-5min，加入原料质量的0.5-1.5倍的水混合10-20min；
S3，将混合后的物料经压力成型机压制成型，之后送入烘干机处理10-20h，烘干温度为90-150℃；
S4，将烘干后的成型物料送入焙烧炉烧制8-15h，烧制温度为1000-1500℃，得成品。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种致密粘土砖的制备方法，其特征在于，在S3中，烘干机处理时间为18h，烘干温度采用阶梯增温的方式，分别为第一阶段0-3h为75℃，第二阶段3-8h为95℃，第三阶段为8h之后保持温度为125℃。
10.根据权利要求8所述的一种致密粘土砖的制备方法，其特征在于，在S4中，送入焙烧炉中烧制12h，烧制温度为1200℃。
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