CN111272424B - On-line monitoring test platform for water-lubricated bearings and testing and analysis methods for bearing characteristics - Google Patents
On-line monitoring test platform for water-lubricated bearings and testing and analysis methods for bearing characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了水润滑轴承在线监测试验平台，包括变频电机、转矩测试仪、转动轴、主旋转轴、减速机和永磁发电机等，变频电机连接有电控柜，转动轴上设置有滚动轴承支撑，主旋转轴上设置有轴承系统支撑、非接触式电磁加载装置a和非接触式电磁加载装置b，本发明考虑了多源参数不同信息融合特征，更便于研究水润滑轴承特性。本发明还公开了一种轴承特性测试分析方法，包括调节供水压力、变频电机转速、轴系载荷，测量各项参数，分析旋转机械无线设备能量收集系统供能机理和旋转机械无线设备能量收集系统通信质量，分析轴承摩擦特性、润滑特性与润滑机理，本发明完善了水润滑轴承各项性能测试，为轴承安全稳定运行、轴承设计制造等提供试验数据与科学依据。
The invention discloses a water-lubricated bearing on-line monitoring test platform, including a frequency conversion motor, a torque tester, a rotating shaft, a main rotating shaft, a reducer, a permanent magnet generator, etc. The frequency conversion motor is connected with an electric control cabinet, and the rotating shaft is provided with a Rolling bearing support, the main rotating shaft is provided with bearing system support, non-contact electromagnetic loading device a and non-contact electromagnetic loading device b, the present invention considers the multi-source parameters and different information fusion characteristics, which is more convenient to study the characteristics of water-lubricated bearings. The invention also discloses a method for testing and analyzing bearing characteristics, which includes adjusting water supply pressure, frequency conversion motor speed, shafting load, measuring various parameters, and analyzing the energy supply mechanism of the energy collection system of the rotating machinery wireless equipment and the energy collection system of the rotating machinery wireless equipment Communication quality, analysis of bearing friction characteristics, lubrication characteristics and lubrication mechanism, the invention improves various performance tests of water-lubricated bearings, and provides test data and scientific basis for safe and stable operation of bearings, bearing design and manufacturing, etc.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of state monitoring of electromechanical equipment, relates to an online monitoring test platform for a water-lubricated bearing, and further relates to a bearing characteristic test analysis method.
Background
The water lubricating bearing is used as an important component of the water power machine, and the lubricant is directly taken from water, so that the source is wide, and importantly, compared with the oil lubricating bearing, the water lubricating bearing does not pollute the environment due to grease leakage, does not need a complex lubricant supply system, simplifies the mechanical structure, greatly improves the operation reliability, has stable performance and safe use, and is researched and used more and more widely in recent years.
The water lubricated bearing takes water as a lubricant, and under a certain condition, a water film is formed between the bearing and the shaft to provide lubrication and support; however, the viscosity of water is low, the thickness of the water film is small, the pressure of the water film is difficult to form, and meanwhile, the characteristics and the bearing mechanism of the water-lubricated bearing are more complex compared with those of an oil-lubricated bearing due to the restriction of factors such as the sealing property of a lubricating film space, the diversity of bearing materials and structures, the changeability of service working conditions and the like; and a plurality of parameters characterizing the bearing characteristics, such as water film pressure, thickness, rigidity and the like, are difficult to monitor and acquire in real time. The lubricating state of the water-lubricated bearing is considered to be the combination of hydrodynamic lubrication, elastohydrodynamic lubrication, film lubrication and boundary lubrication by taking the pressure of the lubricating film as a characteristic, the forming mechanism, the lubricating property and the failure criterion of the water-lubricated bearing are different, and the proportion and the distribution in the lubricating film are constantly changed. Therefore, the research on the proportion distribution of various lubrication states in the lubricating film and the conversion mechanism among various states has important significance for engineering practice. Unfortunately, the research on the lubrication mechanism of the water-lubricated bearing is obviously deficient so far, and a systematic and complete theoretical system cannot be formed, one reason of which is that the research is limited by the experimental technology.
Because of the structure of the water lubrication bearing and the airtight state during working, the monitoring of the bearing has the characteristics of multi-measuring point, multi-parameter and multi-source information, and related parameters mainly comprise: water film pressure, water film thickness, water film stiffness, shaft speed, shaft torque, loading force, shaft displacement, coefficient of friction, vibration, water supply pressure, flow, temperature, etc., all of which can have an important effect on bearing characteristics. The existing water lubrication bearing test bed has relatively single test working condition and measurable parameters, the test method and the loading device are more traditional, and a multi-source information fusion method is rarely applied to combine all parameters (including influence factors) for comprehensive consideration, so that the bearing characteristics are researched. For example, most of water film pressure tests still adopt a wired and intrusive monitoring mode, a sensor is arranged on a bearing shell or a rotating shaft in a punching mode, and a collector ring is used for collecting data; a method and a device for wirelessly testing the water film pressure by using WIFI or electromagnetic induction are available, but the problems of damage to the lubrication state of a bearing lubrication interface, low data transmission efficiency, attenuation of analog signals, large interference and error, incapability of acquiring holographic distribution of the water film pressure, power supply of a wireless device and the like exist. The loading device is still designed in a mechanical or hydraulic mode, and is directly contacted with a bearing or a shaft, so that the problems of vibration, noise, heat generation, friction, abrasion, large loss and the like exist. Therefore, it is necessary to design a scientific and reasonable comprehensive performance water-lubricated bearing test platform with full-parameter monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an online monitoring test platform for a water-lubricated bearing, which can complete various performance tests of the water-lubricated bearing and solve the problem of low transmission precision of an analog signal of a traditional test bed.
The invention also aims to provide a bearing characteristic test analysis method, which can accurately obtain different information of multi-source parameters of the water-lubricated bearing.
The invention adopts a first technical proposal that a water-lubricated bearing on-line monitoring test platform is used for placing a bearing to be tested on the platform for monitoring test, and comprises a variable frequency motor, a torque tester, a rotating shaft, a main rotating shaft, a speed reducer and a permanent magnet generator which are sequentially connected, wherein the variable frequency motor is connected with an electric control cabinet, the rotating shaft is provided with a rolling bearing support, the main rotating shaft is provided with a bearing system support, the two sides of the bearing system support on the main rotating shaft are respectively provided with a non-contact electromagnetic loading device a and a non-contact electromagnetic loading device b, the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b is arranged at one side close to the speed reducer, a wireless acquisition and transmission device is arranged between the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b and the speed reducer on the main rotating shaft, the speed reducer is provided with a wireless device energy collection device, and the bearing to be tested is positioned in the bearing system support and fixed on the main rotating shaft, the bearing system support two ends are respectively connected with a water tank through a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe to supply water and discharge water for the bearing to be tested, the bearing to be tested is arranged on the main rotating shaft and provided with a plurality of radial flow guide holes and a plurality of axial flow guide holes which are communicated with each other, the axial flow guide holes are arranged on the shoulder surface of the shaft shoulder of the main rotating shaft, and a water film pressure sensor is arranged on one side, away from the radial flow guide holes, of the axial flow guide holes on the main rotating shaft.
The first technical solution of the present invention is also characterized in that,
the variable frequency motor, the torque tester and the rotating shaft are connected through elastic membrane couplings, and the rotating shaft is connected with the main rotating shaft through rubber couplings.
The permanent magnet generator is connected with the wireless equipment energy collecting device, the wireless equipment energy collecting device is connected with one end of the conductive slip ring, and the other end of the conductive slip ring is connected with the wireless acquisition and transmission equipment.
The variable frequency motor, the torque tester, the rolling bearing support, the non-contact electromagnetic loading device a, the bearing system support, the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b, the wireless acquisition and transmission equipment, the speed reducer and the permanent magnet generator are all arranged on the base, the non-contact electromagnetic loading device a and the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b are respectively provided with an electromagnet base which is positioned on the base, and the electromagnet base is provided with an electromagnetic force sensor.
The non-contact electromagnetic loading device a comprises two iron cores supporting the lower portion of a main rotating shaft, the main rotating shaft is sleeved with a shaft sleeve, electromagnetic coils are arranged on the surfaces of the iron cores, iron core heads matched with the circumferential surface of the main rotating shaft are arranged between the iron cores and the main rotating shaft, the bottom ends of the iron cores are provided with tension sensors identical to the axes of the iron cores, the axes of the two tension sensors form an included angle of 90 degrees, the bottoms of the iron cores are fixed on supports respectively, nuts are fixed on the two supports respectively, the two nuts are connected through screw rods, adjusting handle jacks are formed in the portions, located between the two nuts, of the screw rods, and the non-contact electromagnetic loading device a and the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b are identical in structure.
The water tank is provided with the water pump, and water pump and inlet tube connection just are provided with manometer and flow sensor between the two, and the water tank is provided with the thermometer.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is a bearing characteristic test analysis method, which is implemented by applying the water lubricated bearing on-line monitoring test platform of the first technical scheme to carry out test analysis and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, checking and confirming that the connection line between each sensor and the corresponding signal conditioning circuit is normal, and turning on a power supply of each testing device, an energy collecting device of the wireless device and upper computer software; starting a water pump, adjusting water supply pressure to enable the water supply pressure to reach a test value, and measuring parameters such as water supply flow, water temperature and the like to supply water to a bearing to be tested;
step 2, starting the variable frequency motor, driving the main rotating shaft to rotate, and adjusting and measuring the rotating speed of the variable frequency motor to enable the rotating speed to reach a test value;
step 3, starting the non-contact electromagnetic loading device a and the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b, providing a load for a shafting, adjusting the current, and measuring the loading force to enable the loading force to reach a test value;
step 4, after the main rotating shaft runs stably, measuring water film pressure, shafting torque, axial and radial displacement, variable frequency motor voltage and current, permanent magnet generator voltage and current, wireless equipment power supply device output voltage and current, and opening signal transmission rate and vibration parameters of wireless acquisition and transmission equipment and wireless equipment energy collecting device;
step 5, measuring water film pressure data by a water film pressure sensor, transmitting the water film pressure data by a wireless acquisition transmitting device in a Zigbee transparent wireless sensing mode, displaying and processing the data on an upper computer to obtain water film pressure data, analyzing the result to obtain a holographic water film pressure distribution rule of the water lubricated bearing and determining the existence area of the bearing lubricating film; the system comprises a water supply pressure, a water supply flow, a water temperature, a shaft rotating speed, a loading force, a shafting torque, axial and radial displacement, variable frequency motor voltage and current, a permanent magnet generator voltage and current, wireless equipment power supply device output voltage and current, wireless equipment signal transmission rate and vibration data, wherein the data are acquired in a wired mode through a data acquisition card and then transmitted to host computer software for further display and processing, and the energy supply mechanism and the communication quality of a rotating machinery wireless equipment energy collection system are analyzed;
The second technical solution of the present invention is also characterized in that,
the energy collecting system of the wireless equipment of the rotating machinery mainly comprises a main rotating shaft, wireless collecting and transmitting equipment, a conductive slip ring, a speed reducer, a wireless equipment energy collecting device and a permanent magnet generator;
the method comprises the steps of analyzing an energy supply mechanism of the energy collection system of the rotating machinery wireless equipment, specifically, testing voltage and current of a variable frequency motor, voltage and current of a permanent magnet generator and output voltage and current of a wireless equipment power supply device under different rotating speeds, torques and electromagnetic loading forces to obtain a change rule of power and efficiency along with rotating speed, torques and electromagnetic loading force influence factors, and obtaining an energy conversion mechanism and energy collection efficiency;
the method for analyzing the communication quality of the energy collection system of the rotating machinery wireless equipment specifically comprises the steps of testing the signal transmission rate and efficiency of the wireless equipment under the condition of different rotating speeds and relative position changes of the wireless equipment, comparing the signal transmission rate and efficiency with a theoretical Doppler frequency shift model, analyzing the data packet loss rate and the error rate, and obtaining the communication quality influence factors of the wireless equipment and a Doppler frequency shift compensation method.
The calculation process of the friction characteristic curve of the water lubrication bearing is as follows:
the Sommerfeld Number coefficient is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula (39), U is the relative movement speed of the contact surface, η is the viscosity of the lubricant, R is the radius of the bearing, W is the radial load, and L is the length of the bearing;
the coefficient of friction f is calculated by the following formula
In formula (40), M2Is a shaftMoment carried by the belt, M1The axial system no-load torque is adopted, R is the bearing radius, W is the radial load, and the radial load is respectively measured by two tension pressure sensors to obtain the electromagnetic loading force F1And F2A post-resultant force F is obtained, i.e.
Under different rotating speeds and loads, a friction coefficient curve and a Stribeck curve are obtained by the formula (40) and the formula (41).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention discloses an online monitoring test platform for a water-lubricated bearing, which can test bearings with different length-diameter ratios and bearings (rubber, plastic, ceramic and the like) made of different bearing bush materials, and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of water lubricated bearing water film pressure test, water lubricated bearing friction characteristic test, water lubricated shafting axis track test, water lubricated shafting dynamic balance test, rotating machinery wireless equipment energy collection system energy supply mechanism test, rotating machinery wireless equipment energy collection system communication quality test, water lubricated bearing rigidity/water film rigidity test, and the test contents are rich, and on the basis, the multi-source parameter different information fusion characteristics are considered, so that the water lubricated bearing characteristics are more conveniently researched;
2) the load simulation device in the test platform adopts a non-contact electromagnetic loading mode, and can solve the problems of vibration, noise, heating, frictional wear, large loss and the like caused by the traditional mechanical or hydraulic mode;
3) according to the test platform, the wireless acquisition and transmitting device is powered by rotary mechanical energy, namely the lithium battery is matched with the permanent magnet generator for power supply, so that the effect of power supply without shutdown can be achieved, and the problem of power supply of the wireless sensing monitoring equipment of the rotary machine is solved;
4) the bearing characteristic test analysis method can comprehensively monitor the characteristic parameters and various influence factors of the water-lubricated bearing, perfects various performance tests of the water-lubricated bearing, is convenient for researching the frictional wear, the failure evolution rule and the lubrication mechanism of the bearing, and provides test data and scientific basis for safe and stable operation of the bearing, design and manufacture of the bearing and the like;
5) according to the bearing characteristic test analysis method, a Zigbee transparent transmission wireless sensing mode is adopted for testing the water film pressure, the sensor is ingeniously mounted to be matched with the main rotating shaft, the main rotating shaft is provided with the radial and axial flow guide holes which are communicated with each other, and the holographic distribution (axial and radial) of the water film pressure can be obtained, so that the problems that the lubricating state of a bearing lubricating interface is damaged, the data transmission efficiency is low, the analog signal is attenuated, the interference and the error are large and the like due to the traditional wired transmission can be solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an online monitoring test platform for a water-lubricated bearing according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a main rotating shaft of the online monitoring test platform for the water-lubricated bearing of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a non-contact electromagnetic loading device a of the online monitoring test platform for the water-lubricated bearing of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of step 5 of a bearing characteristic test analysis method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless energy harvesting system of a rotating machine in the bearing characteristic testing and analyzing method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a theoretical model diagram of communication quality of the energy collection system of the wireless device of the rotating machinery in the bearing characteristic test analysis method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the load distribution of the main rotating shaft in the bearing characteristic test analysis method of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a variable frequency motor, 2, an elastic diaphragm coupler, 3, a torque tester, 4, a rotating shaft, 5, a rolling bearing support, 6, a rubber coupler, 7, an electromagnet base, 8, a bearing system support, 9, a bearing to be tested, 10, a rubber bearing bush, 11, an end cover, 12, an axial diversion hole, 13, a non-contact electromagnetic loading device a, 14, wireless acquisition and transmission equipment, 15, a conductive slip ring, 16, wireless equipment energy collection device, 17, a speed reducer, 18, a permanent magnet generator, 19, a base, 20, a water inlet pipe, 21, a water outlet pipe, 22, a water tank, 23, a water pump, 24, a pressure gauge, 25, a flow sensor, 26, a thermometer, 27, an electric control cabinet, 28, a main rotating shaft, 29, a non-contact electromagnetic loading device b, 30, a radial diversion hole, 31, an iron core, 32, an electromagnetic coil, 33, an iron core head, 34, a tension sensor, 35. bracket, 36, nut, 37, lead screw, 38, adjusting handle jack.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a water-lubricated bearing on-line monitoring test platform, which is used for carrying out monitoring test by placing a bearing 9 to be tested on the platform, and comprises a variable frequency motor 1, a torque tester 3, a rotating shaft 4, a main rotating shaft 28, a speed reducer 17 and a permanent magnet generator 18 which are sequentially connected with one another as shown in figure 1, wherein the variable frequency motor 1 is connected with an electric control cabinet 27, the rotating shaft 4 is provided with a rolling bearing support 5, the main rotating shaft 28 is provided with a bearing system support 8, two sides of the bearing system support 8 on the main rotating shaft 28 are respectively provided with a non-contact electromagnetic loading device a13 and a non-contact electromagnetic loading device b29, the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b29 is arranged at one side close to the speed reducer 17, a wireless acquisition and emission device 14 is arranged between the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b29 and the speed reducer 17 on the main rotating shaft 28, and the speed reducer 17 is provided with a wireless device energy collection device 16, the bearing 9 to be tested is positioned in the bearing system support 8 and fixed on the main rotating shaft 28, when the bearing 9 to be tested is a rubber bearing, a rubber bush 10 is arranged between the shell of the bearing 9 to be tested and the main rotating shaft 28 to ensure the stable operation of the bearing 9 to be tested, end covers 11 are fixed at two ends of the bearing 9 to be tested for limiting, horizontal and vertical eddy current sensors are respectively arranged at two ends of the bearing 9 to be tested, two ends of the bearing system support 8 are respectively connected with a water tank 22 through a water inlet pipe 20 and a water outlet pipe 21 to supply water and drain water for the bearing 9 to be tested, the water tank 22 is provided with a water pump 23, the water pump 23 is connected with the water inlet pipe 20, a pressure gauge 24 and a flow sensor 25 are arranged between the water tank and the water tank 22, the water tank 22 is provided with a thermometer 26, as shown in figure 2, a plurality of radial guide holes 30 and a plurality of axial guide holes 12 which are mutually communicated are arranged at the position, where the bearing 9 to be tested is arranged on the main rotating shaft 28, the axial diversion hole 12 is arranged on the shoulder surface of the shaft shoulder of the main rotating shaft 28, and a water film pressure sensor is arranged on one side, far away from the radial diversion hole, of the axial diversion hole 12 on the main rotating shaft 28.
The variable frequency motor 1, the torque tester 3 and the rotating shaft 4 are respectively connected through an elastic diaphragm coupling 2, and the rotating shaft 4 is connected with the main rotating shaft 28 through a rubber coupling 6.
The permanent magnet generator 18 is connected with the wireless equipment energy collecting device 16, the wireless equipment energy collecting device 16 is connected with one end of the conductive slip ring 15, and the other end of the conductive slip ring 15 is connected with the wireless acquisition and transmission equipment 14.
The variable frequency motor 1, the torque tester 3, the rolling bearing support 5, the non-contact electromagnetic loading device a13, the bearing system support 8, the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b29, the wireless acquisition and transmission equipment 14, the speed reducer 17 and the permanent magnet generator 18 are all arranged on the base 19, the non-contact electromagnetic loading device a13 and the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b29 are respectively provided with the electromagnet base 7 which is positioned on the base 19, and the electromagnet base 7 is provided with an electromagnetic force sensor.
As shown in fig. 3, the non-contact electromagnetic loading device a13 includes two iron cores 31 supporting the lower portion of the main rotating shaft 28, a shaft sleeve is sleeved on the main rotating shaft, an electromagnetic coil 32 is disposed on the surface of the iron core 31, an iron core head 33 adapted to the circumferential surface of the main rotating shaft 28 is disposed between the iron core 31 and the main rotating shaft 28, tension sensors 34 having the same axis as the iron core 31 are disposed at the bottom ends of the iron cores 31, the axes of the two tension sensors 34 form an included angle of 90 °, the bottoms of the iron cores 31 are respectively fixed on the brackets 35, nuts 36 are respectively fixed on the two brackets 35, the two nuts 36 are connected through a lead screw 37, an adjusting handle insertion hole 38 is disposed at a portion of the lead screw 37 located between the two nuts 36, and the non-contact electromagnetic loading device a13 and the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b29 have the same structure.
The invention relates to a bearing characteristic test analysis method, which is applied to the water-lubricated bearing on-line monitoring test platform for test analysis and is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, checking and confirming that the connection line between each sensor and the corresponding signal conditioning circuit is normal, and turning on a power supply of each testing device, an energy collecting device of the wireless device and upper computer software; starting the water pump 23, adjusting the water supply pressure to a test value, and simultaneously measuring parameters such as water supply flow, water temperature and the like to supply water to the bearing 9 to be tested;
step 2, starting the variable frequency motor 1, driving the main rotating shaft 28 to operate, and adjusting and measuring the rotating speed of the variable frequency motor 1 to enable the rotating speed to reach a test value;
step 3, starting the non-contact electromagnetic loading device a13 and the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b29 to provide a load for a shaft system, adjusting the current, and measuring the loading force to enable the loading force to reach a test value;
step 4, after the main rotating shaft 28 runs stably, opening the wireless acquisition and transmission equipment 14, the wireless equipment energy collection device 16 and the power supply device thereof, measuring water film pressure, shafting torque, axial and radial displacement, voltage and current of the variable frequency motor 1, voltage and current of the permanent magnet generator 18, output voltage and current of the wireless equipment power supply device, and opening the signal transmission rate and vibration parameters of the wireless acquisition and transmission equipment 14 and the wireless equipment energy collection device 16;
step 5, as shown in fig. 4, the water film pressure sensor measures water film pressure data, transmits the water film pressure data through the wireless acquisition and transmission device 14 in a Zigbee transparent wireless sensing mode, displays and processes the data on an upper computer to obtain water film pressure data, and after analysis results, obtains a holographic water film pressure distribution rule of the water lubricated bearing and determines the existence area of the bearing lubricating film; the system comprises a water supply pressure, a water supply flow, a water temperature, a shaft rotating speed, a loading force, a shafting torque, axial and radial displacement, variable frequency motor voltage and current, a permanent magnet generator voltage and current, wireless equipment power supply device output voltage and current, wireless equipment signal transmission rate and vibration data, wherein the data are acquired in a wired mode through a data acquisition card and then transmitted to host computer software for further display and processing, and the energy supply mechanism and the communication quality of a rotating machinery wireless equipment energy collection system are analyzed;
Energy supply of wireless equipment energy collection system of rotating machinery as shown in fig. 5, the wireless equipment energy collection system of rotating machinery mainly comprises a main rotating shaft 28, wireless collection and transmission equipment 14, a conductive slip ring 15, a speed reducer 17, a wireless equipment energy collection device 16 and a permanent magnet generator 18.
The energy supply mechanism of the energy collection system of the wireless equipment of the rotating machinery is analyzed specifically, the energy conversion mechanism and the energy collection efficiency are obtained by testing the voltage and current of the variable frequency motor 1, the voltage and current of the permanent magnet generator 18 and the voltage and current output by the power supply device of the wireless equipment under different rotating speeds, torques and electromagnetic loading forces to obtain the change rule of the power and efficiency along with the influence factors of the rotating speeds, the torques and the electromagnetic loading forces, and further the design of the charging device of the wireless equipment is optimized, the wireless equipment comprises a wireless acquisition transmitting device 14 and a wireless equipment energy collection device 16, a new method is provided for the energy supply of the energy collection system of the wireless equipment of the rotating machinery, the non-stop monitoring is realized, and the production efficiency is improved.
The method for analyzing the communication quality of the energy collection system of the rotating machinery wireless equipment specifically comprises the steps of testing the signal transmission rate and efficiency of the wireless equipment under the condition of different rotating speeds and relative position changes of the wireless equipment, comparing the signal transmission rate and efficiency with a theoretical Doppler frequency shift model, analyzing the data packet loss rate and the error rate, obtaining the wireless equipment communication quality influence factors and a Doppler frequency shift compensation method, and improving the wireless data transmission efficiency.
The theoretical model of communication quality of the energy collection system of the rotating mechanical wireless equipment is shown in fig. 6, the wireless collection and transmission equipment is arranged on a rotating shaft, the distance from A (x1, y1, z1) to B (x2, y2, z2) is changed, and the path difference DeltaL between the wireless collection and transmission equipment and the wireless receiving device C is shown in formula (42).
The difference in the transmit-receive frequency (doppler shift) between the wireless devices is shown as equation (43).
In the formula (43), the compound represented by the formula (43),
c is the speed of light and f is the wireless device communication frequency.
The calculation process of the friction characteristic curve of the water lubrication bearing is as follows:
the Sommerfeld Number coefficient is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula (39), U is the relative movement speed of the contact surface, η is the viscosity of the lubricant, R is the radius of the bearing, W is the radial load, and L is the length of the bearing;
the coefficient of friction f is calculated by the following formula
In formula (40), M2For shafting loaded torque, M1In order to obtain the no-load torque of the shafting, R is the radius of the bearing, W is the radial load, and as shown in FIG. 7, the electromagnetic loading force F is respectively measured by two tension sensors 34 for the radial load1And F2A post-resultant force F is obtained, i.e.
Under different rotating speeds and loads, a friction coefficient curve and a Stribeck curve are obtained by the formulas (39) and (40).
Claims (3)
1. A bearing characteristic test analysis method is characterized in that a water-lubricated bearing online monitoring test platform is used for carrying out test analysis, the water-lubricated bearing online monitoring test platform is used for placing a bearing (9) to be tested on the platform for carrying out monitoring test, the water-lubricated bearing online monitoring test platform comprises a variable frequency motor (1), a torque tester (3), a rotating shaft (4), a main rotating shaft (28), a speed reducer (17) and a permanent magnet generator (18) which are sequentially connected, the variable frequency motor (1) is connected with an electric control cabinet (27), the rotating shaft (4) is provided with a rolling bearing support (5), the main rotating shaft (28) is provided with a bearing system support (8), two sides of the bearing system support (8) on the main rotating shaft (28) are respectively provided with a non-contact electromagnetic loading device a (13) and a non-contact electromagnetic loading device b (29), the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b (29) is arranged on one side close to the speed reducer (17), wireless acquisition and transmission equipment (14) is arranged between the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b (29) and the speed reducer (17) on the main rotating shaft (28), a wireless equipment energy collecting device (16) is arranged on the speed reducer (17), the bearing (9) to be tested is positioned in the bearing system support (8) and fixed on the main rotating shaft (28), horizontal and vertical eddy current sensors are respectively arranged at two ends of the bearing (9) to be tested, a water tank (22) is respectively connected at two ends of the bearing system support (8) through a water inlet pipe (20) and a water outlet pipe (21) to supply water and drain water to the bearing (9) to be tested, a plurality of radial guide holes (30) and a plurality of axial guide holes (12) which are mutually communicated are arranged at the position where the bearing (9) to be tested is arranged on the main rotating shaft (28), the axial diversion hole (12) is arranged on the shoulder surface of the shaft shoulder of the main rotating shaft (28), and a water film pressure sensor is arranged on one side, away from the radial diversion hole, of the axial diversion hole (12) on the main rotating shaft (28);
the variable frequency motor (1), the torque tester (3) and the rotating shaft (4) are respectively connected through an elastic diaphragm coupling (2), and the rotating shaft (4) is connected with the main rotating shaft (28) through a rubber coupling (6);
the permanent magnet generator (18) is connected with a wireless equipment energy collecting device (16), the wireless equipment energy collecting device (16) is connected with one end of a conductive slip ring (15), and the other end of the conductive slip ring (15) is connected with a wireless acquisition and transmission device (14);
the variable frequency motor (1), the torque tester (3), the rolling bearing support (5), the non-contact electromagnetic loading device a (13), the bearing system support (8), the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b (29), the wireless acquisition and transmission equipment (14), the speed reducer (17) and the permanent magnet generator (18) are all arranged on a base (19), the non-contact electromagnetic loading device a (13) and the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b (29) are both provided with an electromagnet base (7) located on the base (19), and the electromagnet base (7) is provided with an electromagnetic force sensor;
the non-contact electromagnetic loading device a (13) comprises two iron cores (31) supporting the lower part of a main rotating shaft (28), a shaft sleeve is sleeved on the main rotating shaft (28), electromagnetic coils (32) are arranged on the surfaces of the iron cores (31), an iron core head (33) matched with the circumferential surface of the main rotating shaft (28) is arranged between each iron core (31) and the main rotating shaft (28), tension sensors (34) identical to the axes of the iron cores (31) are arranged at the bottom ends of the iron cores (31), the axes of the two tension sensors (34) form an included angle of 90 degrees, the bottoms of the iron cores (31) are respectively fixed on a support (35), nuts (36) are fixed on the two supports (35), the two nuts (36) are connected through screw rods (37), and adjusting handle jacks (38) are formed in the part, located between the two nuts (36), of each screw rod (37), the non-contact electromagnetic loading device a (13) and the non-contact electromagnetic loading device b (29) have the same structure;
the water tank (22) is provided with a water pump (23), the water pump (23) is connected with the water inlet pipe (20), a pressure gauge (24) and a flow sensor (25) are arranged between the water pump (23) and the water inlet pipe, and the water tank (22) is provided with a thermometer (26);
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, checking and confirming that the connection line between each sensor and the corresponding signal conditioning circuit is normal, and turning on a power supply of each testing device, an energy collecting device of the wireless device and upper computer software; starting a water pump (23), adjusting water supply pressure to reach a test value, and measuring parameters such as water supply flow, water temperature and the like to supply water to the bearing (9) to be tested;
step 2, starting the variable frequency motor (1), driving the main rotating shaft (28) to operate, and adjusting and measuring the rotating speed of the variable frequency motor (1) to enable the rotating speed to reach a test value;
step 3, starting a non-contact electromagnetic loading device a (13) and a non-contact electromagnetic loading device b (29) to provide loads for a shaft system, adjusting the current, and measuring loading force to enable the loading force to reach a test value;
step 4, after the main rotating shaft (28) runs stably, opening the wireless acquisition and emission equipment (14), the wireless equipment energy collecting device (16) and a power supply device thereof, and measuring water film pressure, shafting torque, axial and radial displacement, voltage and current of the variable frequency motor (1), voltage and current of the permanent magnet generator (18), output voltage and current of the wireless equipment power supply device, signal transmission rate and vibration parameters of the wireless acquisition and emission equipment (14) and the wireless equipment energy collecting device (16);
step 5, measuring water film pressure data by a water film pressure sensor, transmitting the water film pressure data by a wireless acquisition transmitting device (14) in a Zigbee transparent wireless sensing mode, displaying and processing the data on an upper computer to obtain water film pressure data, analyzing the result to obtain a holographic water film pressure distribution rule of the water lubricated bearing and determining the existence area of the bearing lubricating film; the system comprises a water supply pressure, a water supply flow, a water temperature, a shaft rotating speed, a loading force, a shafting torque, axial and radial displacement, variable frequency motor voltage and current, a permanent magnet generator voltage and current, wireless equipment power supply device output voltage and current, wireless equipment signal transmission rate and vibration data, wherein the data are acquired in a wired mode through a data acquisition card and then transmitted to host computer software for further display and processing, and the energy supply mechanism and the communication quality of a rotating machinery wireless equipment energy collection system are analyzed;
step 6, a multi-source information fusion method is adopted, a friction characteristic curve of the water-lubricated bearing, namely a Streibeck curve, is obtained after torque, rotating speed and loading force data are processed, an axis track is obtained through comprehensive axial displacement and radial displacement, a shaft system dynamic unbalance amount is obtained through axial displacement and radial displacement, and bearing rigidity/water film rigidity is obtained through comprehensive calculation and analysis of the loading force and the shaft displacement; and finally, combining the data analysis results of the Streibeck curve, the axis track, the shafting dynamic unbalance, the bearing rigidity/water film rigidity and the water film pressure, analyzing the friction characteristic, the lubrication characteristic and the lubrication mechanism of the bearing, and completing the bearing characteristic test analysis.
2. The bearing characteristic test analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the rotating machinery wireless equipment energy collection system mainly comprises a main rotating shaft (28), a wireless acquisition transmitting device (14), a conductive slip ring (15), a speed reducer (17), a wireless equipment energy collection device (16) and a permanent magnet generator (18);
the energy supply mechanism of the energy collection system of the rotary mechanical wireless equipment is specifically analyzed by testing the voltage and current of the variable frequency motor (1), the voltage and current of the permanent magnet generator (18) and the output voltage and current of the power supply device of the wireless equipment under different rotating speeds, torques and electromagnetic loading forces to obtain the change rule of power and efficiency along with the influence factors of the rotating speeds, the torques and the electromagnetic loading forces, so as to obtain the energy conversion mechanism and the energy collection efficiency;
the method for analyzing the communication quality of the energy collection system of the rotating machinery wireless equipment specifically comprises the steps of testing the signal transmission rate and efficiency of the wireless equipment under the condition of different rotating speeds and relative position changes of the wireless equipment, comparing the signal transmission rate and efficiency with a theoretical Doppler frequency shift model, analyzing the data packet loss rate and the error rate, and obtaining the wireless equipment communication quality influence factors and the Doppler frequency shift compensation method.
3. The bearing characteristic test analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the calculation process of the water-lubricated bearing friction characteristic curve is specifically as follows:
the Sommerfeld Number coefficient is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula (39), U is the relative movement speed of the contact surface, η is the viscosity of the lubricant, R is the radius of the bearing, W is the radial load, and L is the length of the bearing;
the coefficient of friction f is calculated by the following formula
In formula (40), M2For shafting loaded torque, M1The axial system no-load torque is adopted, R is the bearing radius, W is the radial load, and the electromagnetic loading force F is respectively measured by two tension sensors (34) of the radial load1And F2A post-resultant force F is obtained, i.e.
Under different rotating speeds and loads, a friction coefficient curve and a Streibeck curve are obtained by the formulas (39) and (40).
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| CN114414223B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-10-04 | 华中科技大学 | A non-contact frame idle vibration sensing monitoring system |
| CN114810841B (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2023-06-27 | 陕西理工大学 | Intelligent water lubrication bearing |
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| CN102269654B (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2013-03-27 | 重庆大学 | Water lubricated bearing and transmission system comprehensive performance testing platform |
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