CN111249178A - 一种儿童防龋牙膏 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种儿童防龋牙膏及制备工艺，包括以重量份计的如下原料：甘油1‑5％、聚乙二醇‑8 30‑70％、生物活性玻璃1‑10％、酪蛋白磷酸肽1‑5％、二氧化硅15‑20％、卡波姆0.5‑8％、二氧化钛1‑10％、乙酰磺胺酸钾0.1‑2％、香精0.1‑1％、月桂醇硫酸酯钠0.5‑8％。本发明制得的防龋牙膏采用生物活性玻璃替代氟化物，对牙体组织进行再矿化从而达到防止龋坏的效果。生物活性玻璃遇水可以有效释放钙离子和磷离子，而酪蛋白磷酸肽具有吸附钙离子，作为模板调控矿化的作用。通过酪蛋白磷酸肽与生物活性玻璃的协同作用，可以有效在牙体表面诱导生成羟基磷灰石。另外，整个配方中的原材料安全无氟，有效解决了传统防龋材料氟化物对儿童身体造成的损害，尤其避免了8岁前儿童摄入过量氟导致氟斑牙的风险。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及口腔护理技术领域，尤其涉及一种儿童防龋牙膏的制备方法以及采用该方法制得的防龋牙膏。
背景技术
现代学者在描述菌斑与龋齿的关系时指出：“菌斑与龋齿有着较为密切的关系。”。并进一步说明，菌斑量多者患龋病率也较高。菌斑中细菌种类不同，吸附在牙齿的不同部位，结果都引起各个部位的龋坏。平滑面龋与菌斑中的变形链球菌有关；根面内菌斑中的链球菌和丝状菌有关；裂沟区的细菌75％～95％是链球菌，尤以血型链球菌为多。关于变形链球菌致龋的动物实验证明：从龋齿损害中分离出变形链球菌，接种到纯培养的动物牙齿上可致龋坏，并能再次从龋坏中分离出变形链球菌。
人出生后6～7个月乳牙开始萌出，3～6岁完成乳牙列发育，即6个月～6岁是乳牙列阶段。6～12岁是混合牙列阶段，乳牙脱落，恒牙依次萌出，一直到全部乳牙被替换完毕。这一阶段，口腔内既有乳牙，也有恒牙，是儿童颌骨和牙弓主要生长发育期，也是恒牙颌建立的关键时期。而根据第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查报告结果显示，我国5岁儿童乳牙患龋率为66.0％，全国12岁学生恒牙平均患龋率28.9％，乳牙患龋率的概率是恒牙的2倍多。与恒牙龋蚀相比，乳牙龋蚀具有发病早、范围广、发展速度快、自觉症状不明显等特点。乳牙易患龋的主要相关因素为：儿童每天进食甜食的次数和口腔清洁的力度。白天，儿童频繁进食，且饮食多为软质食物，粘稠性强，含糖量高，构成细菌肥沃的土壤，容易形成菌斑，大量细菌摄入唾液中的糖，分解糖产酸，进食后唾液酸性增加，多次进食使唾液长时间处于酸性状态，较一次进食等量食物更容易患上龋齿。儿童的睡眠时间长，口腔处于静止状态，唾液分泌少，自洁作用差，有利于细菌繁殖，增加患龋机会。由此可见，儿童白昼的口腔环境和夜间的口腔环境有很大的区别，夜间的口腔更容易引起口腔疾病。
目前的儿童牙膏基本都是添加了氟化物来进行牙体再矿化，从而达到防蛀的效果。过量摄入氟化物对人体有诸多危害，儿童由于吞咽功能发育不完全，更容易在刷牙的时候吞下牙膏。另外，过量摄入氟会与人体中的钙离子作用，引起钙流失，也会形成氟斑牙，使牙齿变脆。2～12岁正式儿童补充钙元素的时期，钙缺失会造成身体发育不好。
鉴于上述不足，一种无氟防龋的儿童牙膏是本行业急需的。
发明内容
基于上述分析，本发明提供了一种新的牙膏配方，可以在刷牙的时候有效地释放钙离子，磷离子等活性因子，与酪蛋白磷酸肽协同作用沉积在牙体，从而安全高效地进行牙体再矿化，达到防龋的效果。
本发明是采用如下手段实现的：
一种儿童防龋牙膏，包括生物活性玻璃和酪蛋白磷酸肽。
进一步的，该牙膏还包括甘油、二氧化硅、卡波姆、二氧化钛、乙酰磺胺酸钾、香精、月桂醇硫酸酯钠、聚乙二醇-8。
进一步的，各原料占牙膏的重量百分比分别为：甘油1-5％、生物活性玻璃1-10％、酪蛋白磷酸肽1-5％、二氧化硅15-20％、卡波姆0.5-8％、二氧化钛1-10％、乙酰磺胺酸钾0.1-2％、香精0.1-1％、月桂醇硫酸酯钠0.5-8％、余量为聚乙二醇-8。
进一步的，各原料占牙膏的重量百分比分别为：甘油3％、生物活性玻璃5％、酪蛋白磷酸肽3％、二氧化硅17％、卡波姆4％、二氧化钛5％、乙酰磺胺酸钾1％、香精0.5％、月桂醇硫酸酯钠4％、余量为聚乙二醇-8。
进一步的，所述酪蛋白磷酸肽是以牛乳酪蛋白为原料，由20～40个氨基酸残基组成。
进一步的，所述氨基酸残基中包括4-7个成簇存在的磷酸丝酰基。
一种儿童防龋牙膏的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将甘油，聚乙二醇-8和卡波姆加入到容器中，搅拌分散均匀；
(2)将生物活性玻璃、酪蛋白磷酸肽、二氧化硅，二氧化钛，乙酰磺胺酸钾、香精、月桂醇硫酸酯钠依次加入容器中，真空下充分混合分散30-40分钟，即得一种儿童防龋牙膏。
本发明还公开了一种根据上述任一制备方法制得的儿童防龋牙膏。
进一步的，该牙膏由重量百分比为如下的成分构成：甘油1-5％、生物活性玻璃1-10％、酪蛋白磷酸肽1-5％、二氧化硅15-20％、卡波姆0.5-8％、二氧化钛1-10％、乙酰磺胺酸钾0.1-2％、香精0.1-1％、月桂醇硫酸酯钠0.5-8％、余量为聚乙二醇-8。
进一步的，该牙膏由重量百分比为如下的成分构成：甘油3％、生物活性玻璃5％、酪蛋白磷酸肽3％、二氧化硅17％、卡波姆4％、二氧化钛5％、乙酰磺胺酸钾1％、香精0.5％、月桂醇硫酸酯钠4％、余量为聚乙二醇-8。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、用生物活性玻璃替代氟化物，对牙体组织进行再矿化从而达到防止龋坏的效果。生物活性玻璃遇水释放的钙离子和磷离子是牙体组织本来有的成分，更加安全有效。
2、用酪蛋白磷酸肽能够很好地与生物活性玻璃协同作用，将钙离子磷离子吸附沉积到牙体组织上，高效安全。酪蛋白磷酸肽是一种食品添加剂，广泛用于奶粉中。
3、本发明制得的防龋牙膏整体配方不含氟，且主要原材料均为食品级或医药级原料。该牙膏从原料源头降低牙膏使用中的安全风险，并从作用机理方面有效规避现有的儿童防龋牙膏所采用的氟化物防龋机理而导致的氟斑牙风险。
4、本发明制得的儿童防龋牙膏使用后能在牙釉质表面形成与牙釉质本身的晶体形态相似的柱状晶体，达到修复牙釉质表面并提供与原有牙釉质相近的机械强度，抵御细菌酸蚀，预防龋齿作用。且经儿童防龋牙膏处理后生成的矿化层硬度恢复比较显著，4周后达到95.5％，基本接近酸蚀前的正常硬度值。
5、本发明制得的儿童防龋牙膏处理后牙釉质表面在体内仍可以生成具有良好表面形貌和厚度的矿物质层，且其晶体Ca/P比最接近于天然羟基磷灰石的钙磷比(1.67)，证明该牙膏在体内同样具备良好的诱导牙釉质表面再矿化的作用。
附图说明
图1是试验例3中的天然牙釉质/酸蚀牙釉质表面及去离子水/实施例1中的儿童防龋牙膏分别处理后矿化4周的牙釉质样品的表面微硬度数据。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步地描述，但具体实施例并不对本发明做任何限定。
实施例1
一种儿童防龋牙膏
(1)将3％的甘油，64％的聚乙二醇-8和0.5％的卡波姆加入到容器中，搅拌分散均匀；
(2)将4％的生物活性玻璃、3％的酪蛋白磷酸肽、20％的二氧化硅，3％的二氧化钛，1％的乙酰磺胺酸钾、0.7％的香精、0.8％的月桂醇硫酸酯钠依次加入容器中，真空下充分混合分散30-40分钟，制备获得本实施例的儿童防龋牙膏。
试验例1
本实施例涉及实施例1中的儿童防龋牙膏对牙釉质矿化作用的实验验证过程。牙釉质样品用磷酸酸蚀脱矿，将样品在超声清洗器内超声30min，放入10mL的磷酸溶液内酸蚀45s后取出，用PBS冲洗表面，再次超声5min保存在4℃的PBS溶液中。
将牙釉质样品用去离子水和实施例1中的儿童防龋牙膏处理3min后，在PBS溶液内漂洗三次，然后将每个处理后的牙釉质样品单独置于一个PP离心管中，倒入5mL模拟唾液(模拟唾液配方为CaCl2 0.1665g，KH2PO4 0.1224g，KCl 9.685g，NaN3 0.065g，HEPES 4.766g，用1mol/L KOH调节pH至7.02，用超纯水稀释至1000mL)，于37℃恒温保存，模拟唾液每一天更换一次，在4周后取出矿化的牙釉质样品，用去离子水洗涤三次后风干。
试验例2
本实施例涉及试验例1中处理前牙釉质样品的表面形貌表征。对照组即去离子水处理的样品组别，釉质表面聚集了一层不规则片状晶体，说明釉质表面本身暴露的柱状晶体仍然具有吸引钙离子和磷酸根离子沉积的能力，但其生成的晶体形貌与釉质本身的晶体形貌不一致，且其机械性能也与传统釉质存在差异，因而这些片状晶体对釉质的修复意义甚微，不具备预防龋病抵御酸蚀的作用。而经过实施例1中的儿童防龋牙膏处理后的牙釉质表面新生成的柱状晶体尺寸和形状均匀一致，且与牙釉质本身的晶体形态相似，另外可以观察到新生晶体紧密贴附于原牙釉质晶体表面生成，并覆盖在釉质表面。这种紧密新生成的牙釉质晶体归因于磷酸酪蛋白磷酸肽的机质调控作用和生物活性玻璃提供的充足钙磷元素。且这层致密的新矿物质层可以修复牙釉质表面并提供与原有牙釉质相近的机械强度，通过釉质的重复矿化，抵御细菌酸蚀，进而起到预防龋齿作用。
试验例3
本实施例涉及试验例2中处理后牙釉质表面的微硬度测试。用微硬度测试仪表征牙釉质表面的努氏硬度。仪器参数设置为50g载荷，10s，每个样品取平行5个点的数据，取平均值为所测硬度值。酸蚀前正常釉质的硬度为SMH，酸蚀后为硬度为SMH1，再矿化后硬度为SMH2(4周后)，硬度恢复为％SMHR＝100×(SMH2-SMH1)/(SMH1-SMH)。如图1所示：牙釉质本身硬度为370±8，酸蚀明显降低了牙釉质表面硬度，酸蚀后牙釉质硬度为范围为240±10，酸蚀后硬度均下降约35％。去离子水处理后再矿化生成的釉质表面矿物质使其硬度回恢复率很小，这表明无基质调控生成的矿物质对硬度恢复毫无贡献。儿童防龋牙膏处理后生成的矿化层硬度恢复比较显著，4周后达到95.5％，基本接近酸蚀前的正常硬度值。
试验例4
本实施例涉及实施例1中的儿童防龋牙膏的体内诱导矿化研究。8周大的SD大鼠作为动物模型。牙釉质样品的制备如前所述，在圆片的树脂区域钻两个孔，用于口腔内固定时缝针用。牙釉质样品用磷酸酸蚀处理后，用去离子水或者实施例1中的儿童防龋牙膏刷牙处理3min后，将所有釉质块缝合在大鼠的口腔内的脸颊内侧，每侧一个釉质块，一个月后将釉质块取出，样品用去离子水仔细冲洗干净后，干燥，进行断面厚度和元素比例分析，儿童防龋牙膏处理后牙釉质表面在体内仍可以生成具有良好表面形貌和厚度的矿物质层，且其晶体Ca/P比最接近于天然羟基磷灰石的钙磷比(1.67)，因此证明，儿童防龋牙膏在体内同样具备良好的诱导牙釉质表面再矿化的作用。
Claims (10)
1.一种儿童防龋牙膏，其特征在于，该牙膏包括生物活性玻璃和酪蛋白磷酸肽。
2.根据权利要求1所述的儿童防龋牙膏，其特征在于，该牙膏还包括甘油、二氧化硅、卡波姆、二氧化钛、乙酰磺胺酸钾、香精、月桂醇硫酸酯钠、聚乙二醇-8。
3.根据权利要求2所述的儿童防龋牙膏，其特征在于，各原料占牙膏的重量百分比分别为：甘油1-5％、生物活性玻璃1-10％、酪蛋白磷酸肽1-5％、二氧化硅15-20％、卡波姆0.5-8％、二氧化钛1-10％、乙酰磺胺酸钾0.1-2％、香精0.1-1％、月桂醇硫酸酯钠0.5-8％、余量为聚乙二醇-8。
4.根据权利要求3所述的儿童防龋牙膏，其特征在于，各原料占牙膏的重量百分比分别为：甘油3％、生物活性玻璃5％、酪蛋白磷酸肽3％、二氧化硅17％、卡波姆4％、二氧化钛5％、乙酰磺胺酸钾1％、香精0.5％、月桂醇硫酸酯钠4％、余量为聚乙二醇-8。
5.根据权利要求1～4所述任一儿童防龋牙膏，其特征在于：所述酪蛋白磷酸肽是以牛乳酪蛋白为原料，由20～40个氨基酸残基组成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的儿童防龋牙膏，其特征在于，所述氨基酸残基中包括4-7个成簇存在的磷酸丝酰基。
7.一种根据权利要求1～6所述任一儿童防龋牙膏的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将甘油，聚乙二醇-8和卡波姆加入到容器中，搅拌分散均匀；
(2)将生物活性玻璃、酪蛋白磷酸肽、二氧化硅，二氧化钛，乙酰磺胺酸钾、香精、月桂醇硫酸酯钠依次加入容器中，真空下充分混合分散30-40分钟，即得一种儿童防龋牙膏。
8.一种根据权利要求7所述制备方法制得的儿童防龋牙膏。
9.根据权利要求8所述的儿童防龋牙膏，其特征在于，该牙膏由重量百分比为如下的成分构成：甘油1-5％、生物活性玻璃1-10％、酪蛋白磷酸肽1-5％、二氧化硅15-20％、卡波姆0.5-8％、二氧化钛1-10％、乙酰磺胺酸钾0.1-2％、香精0.1-1％、月桂醇硫酸酯钠0.5-8％、余量为聚乙二醇-8。
10.根据权利要求9所述的儿童防龋牙膏，其特征在于，该牙膏由重量百分比为如下的成分构成：甘油3％、生物活性玻璃5％、酪蛋白磷酸肽3％、二氧化硅17％、卡波姆4％、二氧化钛5％、乙酰磺胺酸钾1％、香精0.5％、月桂醇硫酸酯钠4％、余量为聚乙二醇-8。
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