CN111247972A - Harvesting and storing method of savatier salmoides seeds - Google Patents
Harvesting and storing method of savatier salmoides seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN111247972A CN111247972A CN202010170053.3A CN202010170053A CN111247972A CN 111247972 A CN111247972 A CN 111247972A CN 202010170053 A CN202010170053 A CN 202010170053A CN 111247972 A CN111247972 A CN 111247972A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
- A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil
Abstract
The invention provides a harvesting and storing method of savatier saururus seeds, which comprises the following steps: s1, harvesting Shashi pilose antler grass pods with proper maturity in a Shashi pilose antler grass producing area, uniformly spreading the Shashi pilose antler grass pods, drying the Shashi pilose antler grass pods in the sun, and drying the Shashi pilose antler grass pods for later use; s2, after the fruit pods are dried in the shade until the weight of the fruit pods is not changed, the fruit pods are filled in a sealed bag and stored at the temperature of minus 20-10 ℃. The harvesting and storing method determines the appearance and the suitable seed harvesting period of the mature seeds and defines the optimal storage conditions, thereby establishing the exact standard of harvesting the seeds of the savatier saururus dunker, ensuring the seed quality of the savatier saururus dunker and prolonging the seed life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal plant planting and seed harvesting, in particular to a harvesting and storing method of savatier salmoides seeds.
Background
The Salicornia herbacea is dry whole plant of eriocaulon pilosula in the genus of Agropyron of Scrophulariaceae, has Latin scientific name of Monochama saveri Franch, and has alias of thousand years of Artemisia argyi, Qian weighing tower, Chinese alpine rush, and radix Pulsatillae etc., and has distribution in Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Jiangxi etc. of China, and has small amount distribution in Japan, Korea etc.
The savatier saururus Linnaeus grows in mountain slope forest land, is a perennial hemiparasitic herbaceous plant, is 20-30 cm high, and has a flower and fruit period of 4-5 months. The savatier saururus has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, dispelling wind and relieving pain and the like, and is widely applied clinically, such as treating cold, upper respiratory tract infection, gum swelling and pain and the like.
At present, the artificial cultivation of the savatier Shashancao is less, the yield is low, the resource can not meet the production and clinical requirements, and the main source of the savatier Shashancao is also the wild savatier Shashancao. However, with the increase of market demand, the wild resources of the savatier saururus are nearly extinct due to excessive mining and artificial interference to the growing environment in recent years, so that the wild tending and artificial planting of the savatier saururus are realized as soon as possible, and the continuous supply of the savatier saururus is ensured.
Seed propagation is the main propagation mode of the savatier saururus, and the seed quality is an important factor influencing the yield and the quality of the savatier saururus. Due to the inconsistent maturity of the seeds of the cornua sallinae and the fact that the seeds do not have exact appearance standards at present, the problem that the quality difference is large due to the different maturity of the seeds is often existed in the harvesting process. In addition, the harvesting time of the medicinal plant seeds and the actual time for large-scale sowing production often have certain seasonal difference, and the vitality of the seeds can be ensured and the service life of the seeds can be prolonged by selecting the optimal storage condition in the period.
Therefore, the exact standard for harvesting the seeds of the savatier saururus dunker is established, the harvesting method is determined, the optimal storage condition is determined, and the method is very important for ensuring the quality of the savatier saururus dunker seeds for subsequent artificial cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for harvesting and storing the seeds of the savatier Shashanense, which determines the mature appearance and the suitable seed harvesting period of the seeds and defines the optimal storage conditions, thereby establishing the exact standard for harvesting the seeds of the savatier Shashanense, ensuring the seed quality of the savatier Shashanense and prolonging the service life of the seeds.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a harvesting and storage method of Salicornia europaea seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, harvesting Shashi pilose antler grass pods with proper maturity in a Shashi pilose antler grass producing area, uniformly spreading the Shashi pilose antler grass pods, drying the Shashi pilose antler grass pods in the sun, and drying the Shashi pilose antler grass pods for later use;
s2, after the fruit pods are dried in the shade until the weight of the fruit pods is not changed, the fruit pods are filled in a sealed bag and stored at the temperature of minus 20-10 ℃.
As a further description of the technical solution of the present invention, in step S1, the judgment criterion of the suitable maturity is that the pod begins to crack, and only one fine slit is formed, but the pod does not crack completely.
The inventor finds that when the velvet antler grass seeds are harvested, the seed harvesting period is determined as the time when the pods start to crack, only a small gap is formed, but the velvet antler grass seeds are not completely cracked, and the harvested velvet antler grass seeds are mature, high in germination rate and high in seedling growth rate.
As a further description of the solution of the invention, the storage temperature is 5 ℃ or-20 ℃.
Drying fruit pods in the shade until the weight of the fruit pods is not changed, and storing the fruit pods in a sealed bag at 5 ℃ or-20 ℃, preferably 5 ℃, wherein the service life of the stored seeds of the sorghumus salsoloides is remarkably prolonged under the temperature condition.
As a further description of the technical solution of the present invention, the harvesting method in step S1 is to manually harvest the antlerpilose grass pods one by one from the antlerpilose grass branches. By manual picking, pods with the same or similar maturity can be screened, and the damage to the spartina angleryan branches can be avoided.
As a further description of the technical scheme of the invention, in step S1, when picking the sika deer antler grass pods, the pods with similar cracking degree and appearance form are picked in the same time period; the pods harvested in this way are representative of the planting.
As a further description of the technical solution of the present invention, in step S2, when the fruit is packaged in a sealed bag for storage, the bag needs to be evacuated and the opening sealed.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) according to the harvesting and storing method of the sorrel grass seeds, provided by the invention, the seed harvesting period is determined as the stage that the sorrel grass pods are mature, the pods are just cracked, only one fine gap is formed, but the pods are not completely cracked, the germination rate of the harvested sorrel grass seeds is high, the seedling growth rate is high, the seed quality is good, the yield is high, and the requirements of actual production are met; the storage temperature is 5 ℃, which is the most suitable storage temperature for the seeds of the savatier saururus dunker, and the service life of the savatier saururus stored under the condition is obviously prolonged.
(2) The method for harvesting and storing the seeds of the savatier saururus provided by the invention can determine the exact standard of seed harvesting and the optimal storage temperature condition, thereby ensuring the quality of the savatier saururus seeds, prolonging the service life of the seeds and improving the yield and quality of artificial cultivation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the pods of Ceratopteris salmoides harvested at different maturation stages.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different storage temperatures and times on the germination rate of the seeds of P.saxatilis.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different storage temperatures and times on the germination potential of the seeds of P.saxatilis.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing germination of seeds of Antlerpilose grass of Sabouraud's type at different storage temperatures during 12 months.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference will now be made to the following detailed description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The invention provides a preferred embodiment. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Example 1
A harvesting and storage method of the sorrel seeds comprises the following steps:
s1, harvesting Shashi pilose antler grass pods with proper maturity in a Shashi pilose antler grass producing area, uniformly spreading the Shashi pilose antler grass pods, drying the Shashi pilose antler grass pods in the sun, and drying the Shashi pilose antler grass pods for later use;
the harvesting method comprises picking the pods of the pilose antler grass one by one from the branches of the pilose antler grass by bare hands; the judgment standard of the suitable maturity is that the pilea griffithii fruit pod just begins to crack, only has a tiny gap, but does not crack completely; the fruit pods are picked in the same time period, and the cracking degree and the appearance form are similar
S2, after the fruit pods are dried in the shade until the weight of the fruit pods is not changed, the fruit pods are placed in a sealed bag, air in the bag is exhausted, the opening is sealed, and finally the fruit pods are stored at the temperature of 5 ℃.
The seeds of the sorrel grass harvested by the method have high germination rate, high seedling growth rate, good seed quality and high yield, and meet the requirements of actual production.
Example 2
A harvesting and storage method of the sorrel seeds comprises the following steps:
s1, harvesting Shashi pilose antler grass pods with proper maturity in a Shashi pilose antler grass producing area, uniformly spreading the Shashi pilose antler grass pods, drying the Shashi pilose antler grass pods in the sun, and drying the Shashi pilose antler grass pods for later use;
the harvesting method comprises picking the pods of the pilose antler grass one by one from the branches of the pilose antler grass by bare hands; the judgment standard of the suitable maturity is that the pilea griffithii fruit pod just begins to crack, only has a tiny gap, but does not crack completely; the fruit pods are picked in the same time period, and the cracking degree and the appearance form are similar
S2, after the fruit pods are dried in the shade until the weight of the fruit pods does not change any more, filling the fruit pods into a sealing bag, exhausting air in the bag, sealing the opening, and finally storing the fruit pods at the temperature of minus 20 ℃.
The seeds of the sorrel grass harvested by the method have high germination rate, high seedling growth rate, good seed quality and high yield, and meet the requirements of actual production.
Example 3
Selendersoni sakei seed maturity test
1. Harvesting
Selecting a land where the two Shashi pilose antler grass are more distributed from the producing areas of the Shashi pilose antler grass of Hubei Yangxin and Jiangxi Yongfeng, respectively collecting young, tender, semi-mature and mature fruit pods of the Shashi pilose antler grass, uniformly spreading and drying in the sun, and naturally drying in the shade for later use.
The judgment standard of the mature stage is that the pilea griffithii fruit pod just begins to crack, only a small gap is formed, but the pilea griffithii fruit pod is not completely cracked.
FIG. 1 shows the pod images of the grass of pilose antler harvested at different maturation stages, wherein a is the young stage, b is the half-maturation stage, and c is the complete maturation stage.
2. Pretreatment of seeds
And (3) putting the gynophore of the salicornia psammophila after drying in the shade in the two-generation area in a beaker, adding distilled water to soak for 1-2 h, kneading, standing, and selecting the salicornia psammophila seeds by a water selection method. Draining the water-selected seeds to remove excessive water, and naturally drying in the shade until the weight of the seeds is not changed.
3. Measurement of physical index
The indexes of the cleanliness, dry grain weight, water content and relative conductivity of the processed savatier saxatilis at different maturity stages are measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of maturity on the quality of Salicornia europaea seeds
By combining the fig. 1 of the pilea griffithii pod image and the data of the test on the influence of the maturity of table 1 on the quality, it can be known that the pilea griffithii pod which is harvested in the young and tender stage is small, light green, and is not cracked yet, and the seeds are yellow green, long and round, and have softer texture; the pod in the half-ripe period is more tender and green, has no crack, and has yellow-brown and long-round seeds and gradually hardened texture; the fruit pods in the full-ripe period are full, dark green to dark brown, the fruit pods are just cracked, only a small gap is formed, but the fruit pods are not completely cracked, seeds are yellow brown to dark brown, and the seed coats are long and round and hard.
The purity of the seeds with different maturity in the two production areas is over 90 percent, the thousand seed weight reaches the highest level in the mature period, the water content and the relative conductivity of the seeds reach the lowest level, and the quality of the seeds is the best.
4. Growth indicator determination
The germination rate, the germination potential, the germination index, the vigor index, the peak value and the germination value of the seeds in different maturation periods of the two production areas are measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of maturity on seed germination and seedling growth of P.saxatilis
As can be seen from Table 2, the germination percentage, germination vigor, germination index, vigor index, peak value and germination value of seeds in different maturity stages of two production areas are all as follows: the complete maturity stage > the half-mature stage > the young stage, in addition, the seedling height and the root length of the seeds in the complete maturity stage are obviously higher than those in the young stage and the half-mature stage, and the germination and seedling growth characteristics of the fully mature seeds of the savatier sauropus are optimal by comprehensively considering various indexes.
5. Storage time investigation test
Collecting mature fruit pods of the salicornia europaea, naturally drying in the shade, and storing at normal temperature, 5 ℃ and-20 ℃ respectively for later use. The germination rate and germination potential of the seeds under three storage conditions were measured each month in 4 replicates of 100 seeds each. The results are shown in the attached FIGS. 2 and 3: and (3) a graph of the influence of different storage temperatures and times on the germination rate and the germination potential of the sorrel seeds.
As shown in figure 2 and figure 3, the germination rate and the germination potential of the seeds stored at 5 ℃ can still reach 90.00 percent and 54.00 percent after the seeds are stored for 17 months; the germination rates of the seeds stored at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ and normal temperature are respectively reduced to 46.00 percent and 8.00 percent, and the germination potentials are respectively reduced to 15.33 percent and 0 percent. FIG. 4 is a germination chart of the seeds of the savatier saururus in 12 months at different storage temperatures, and it can be seen from FIG. 4 that the number of seeds germinated in the same unit area is the largest, the germination amount of the seeds preserved at 5 ℃ is the second largest, the germination amount is the second largest, and the germination amount is the smallest at normal temperature. Therefore, the optimum storage temperature of the seeds of the sorrel is 5 ℃.
Combining the above test results, the seeds of the Sasa Veitchii should be harvested at the full-ripe stage. Along with the increase of the maturity, the thousand seed weight of the sorrel seeds gradually rises, the water content and the relative conductivity are gradually reduced, the vitality of the seeds reaches the highest level in the mature period, at the moment, the seeds germinate neatly and rapidly, the germination rate is obviously improved, the growth rate of seedlings is fastest, and the quality of the seeds reaches the highest level.
In actual production, the completely mature pilea griffithii fruit pods crack rapidly after rain, and most seeds fall from the fruit pods to lose, so that serious waste is caused. In combination with actual production, the seeds of the thalictrum saxifrage should be harvested when the pods are mature, the pods begin to crack and only a small gap is formed, but the seeds are not completely cracked, and the quality and the yield of the harvested thalictrum saxifrage seeds are good and the requirement of actual production is met.
During the period from the beginning of the storage of the seeds to the storage of 17 months, the germination indexes of the seeds stored at the normal temperature, the 5 ℃ and the-20 ℃ within 1 month are not obviously different, and the germination rate and the germination potential of the seeds stored at the 5 ℃ in the rest of time are obviously higher than those of the seeds stored at the normal temperature and the-20 ℃. Therefore, the 5 ℃ is determined to be the optimum storage temperature of the seeds of the savatier saururus, and the service life of the seeds of the savatier saururus stored under the condition is obviously prolonged.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the structures of the present invention, which are described in some detail and detail, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications are possible without departing from the inventive concept, and such obvious alternatives fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A harvesting and storage method of Salicornia europaea seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting the pilea virens pods with proper maturity in the pilea virens producing area, uniformly spreading the pilea virens pods, drying the pilea virens pods in the sun, and drying the pilea virens pods for later use;
and S2, after the fruit pods are dried in the shade until the weight of the fruit pods is not changed, putting the fruit pods into a sealed bag, and storing the sealed bag at the temperature of minus 20-10 ℃.
2. The method for harvesting and storing the seeds of savatier salpingi according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the suitable maturity is determined as the pod begins to crack, and has only a small gap but not completely crack.
3. The method for harvesting and storing the seeds of savatier salsoloides as claimed in claim 1, wherein the storage temperature is 5 ℃ or-20 ℃.
4. The method for harvesting and storing velvet antler grass seeds of claim 1, wherein the harvesting at step S1 is performed by picking velvet antler grass pods one by one from velvet antler grass branches by bare hands.
5. The method for harvesting and storing the velvet antler grass seeds of claim 1, wherein in step S1, when the velvet antler grass fruit pods are harvested, the pods with similar degrees of dehiscence and appearance are harvested in the same time period.
6. The method for harvesting and storing the seeds of savatier salsa according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the fruit is stored in a sealed bag by exhausting air from the bag and sealing the opening.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022134914A1 (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-06-30 | 宜春市炳晨农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for breeding monochasma sheareri |
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| FR2448866A1 (en) * | 1979-02-14 | 1980-09-12 | Aproalfa | Packaging forage for storage in plastic bags - by compression of chopped hay etc. into firm moist cake ready for consumption (BR 14.10.80) |
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