CN111238056A - Heat storage type vacuum tube solar heat collecting system - Google Patents
Heat storage type vacuum tube solar heat collecting system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
- F24S10/45—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors the enclosure being cylindrical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/30—Solar heat collectors using working fluids with means for exchanging heat between two or more working fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
- F24S10/74—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other
- F24S10/742—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other the conduits being parallel to each other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/60—Thermal insulation
- F24S80/65—Thermal insulation characterised by the material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明属于太阳能光热利用技术领域，具体涉及一种新型的储热型真空管太阳能集热器及其制备工艺。The invention belongs to the technical field of solar photothermal utilization, and in particular relates to a novel heat storage type vacuum tube solar heat collector and a preparation process thereof.
背景技术：Background technique:
太阳能是一种清洁可再生能源。为了避免能流密度低、受昼夜、季节、阴晴云雨等因素制约，而将太阳能以热量的形式直接储存的技术，称为太阳能储热技术。目前的太阳能集热器主要有平板式和真空管式两种。真空管式集热器中的外罩是玻璃管，吸热体放置在罩玻璃管内，吸热体与罩玻璃管之间抽真空。吸热体的表面通过工艺方法沉积有光谱选择性吸收涂层。由于吸收体与罩玻璃管之间的夹层保持较高的真空度，可以有效地抑制真空管内空气的传导和对流热损失。然而，真空管式太阳能集热器也有明显的缺点，玻璃真空管内特别容易结垢且不易排出，玻璃真空管在内外温差较大时容易破裂。此外，真空玻璃管内的热水无法有效利用，也造成了太阳能热水系统总效率降低。Solar energy is a clean and renewable energy source. In order to avoid the low energy flow density, which is restricted by factors such as day and night, season, cloudy, sunny, cloudy and rainy, the technology of directly storing solar energy in the form of heat is called solar thermal storage technology. At present, there are two main types of solar collectors: flat plate type and evacuated tube type. The outer cover of the vacuum tube collector is a glass tube, the heat sink is placed in the cover glass tube, and the vacuum is drawn between the heat sink and the cover glass tube. The surface of the heat sink is deposited with a spectrally selective absorbing coating by a process method. Since the interlayer between the absorber and the cover glass tube maintains a high degree of vacuum, the conduction and convection heat loss of the air in the vacuum tube can be effectively suppressed. However, the vacuum tube solar collector also has obvious shortcomings. The glass vacuum tube is particularly prone to scaling and is not easy to discharge, and the glass vacuum tube is easily broken when the temperature difference between the inside and outside is large. In addition, the hot water in the vacuum glass tube cannot be used effectively, which also reduces the overall efficiency of the solar water heating system.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明的目的在于针对现有的真空玻璃管太阳能集热器的上述诸多缺陷和不足，提供一种全新的储热型真空管太阳能集热系统。该系统无需配置笨重的热水储水箱，凭借中间平板导热板优良的热传递特性，快速传递热量，通过换热将凉水即时转化为热水储存。可随时通过循环使用所储热水，工程上可以大面积串联或并联使用。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a brand-new heat storage type vacuum tube solar heat collector system in view of the above-mentioned defects and deficiencies of the existing vacuum glass tube solar heat collectors. The system does not need to configure a bulky hot water storage tank. With the excellent heat transfer characteristics of the middle flat heat transfer plate, the heat can be quickly transferred, and the cold water can be instantly converted into hot water storage through heat exchange. The stored hot water can be recycled at any time, and can be used in series or in parallel in a large area in engineering.
1.储热型真空管太阳能集热系统，其特征在于：该系统包括真空管太阳能集热器、储热水箱以及支架；1. A heat storage type vacuum tube solar heat collection system, characterized in that: the system comprises a vacuum tube solar heat collector, a hot water storage tank and a support;
所述真空管太阳能集热器包含太阳能真空集热管和中间平板导热板；The vacuum tube solar collector includes a solar vacuum collector tube and an intermediate flat heat conducting plate;
所述太阳能真空集热管包含外层玻璃管和内层玻璃管，两层玻璃管管口熔封连接，管间抽成真空；所述内层玻璃管外表面镀有金属吸热膜；金属吸热膜经过多靶材磁控溅射镀膜而成，靶材为铜、铝、钛、铬或者不锈钢，该镀膜厚度为100～1000纳米；The solar vacuum heat collector tube includes an outer layer glass tube and an inner layer glass tube, the mouths of the two layers of glass tubes are connected by melting and sealing, and the tubes are evacuated; the outer surface of the inner layer glass tube is coated with a metal heat-absorbing film; The hot film is formed by multi-target magnetron sputtering coating, the target material is copper, aluminum, titanium, chromium or stainless steel, and the thickness of the coating is 100-1000 nanometers;
所述中间平板导热板为铜板、铝板、石墨烯板，或者平板热管，板厚度为2～5mm，中间平板导热板下端插入太阳能真空集热管内，所述储热水箱与中间平板导热板上端直接连接，储热水箱有进水口和出水口；The middle flat heat conduction plate is a copper plate, an aluminum plate, a graphene plate, or a flat heat pipe, the thickness of the plate is 2-5 mm, the lower end of the middle flat heat conduction plate is inserted into the solar vacuum heat collector tube, and the hot water storage tank and the middle flat heat conduction plate are at the upper end. Direct connection, hot water storage tank has water inlet and outlet;
利用真空管太阳能集热器吸收太阳能并转化成热量，通过在太阳能真空集热管内设置的中间平板导热板将太阳能热量向上传导，与储热水箱进行换热，热量被储存在储热水箱内介质中。The vacuum tube solar collector is used to absorb solar energy and convert it into heat, and the solar heat is conducted upward through the middle flat heat conducting plate set in the solar vacuum collector tube, and the heat is exchanged with the hot water storage tank, and the heat is stored in the hot water storage tank. in the medium.
2.进一步，储热水箱为圆筒状，直径为100～500mm。2. Further, the hot water storage tank is cylindrical with a diameter of 100-500 mm.
3.进一步，储热水箱由内胆和保温层组成，内胆材质为不锈钢、铜、搪瓷或铝合金；保温层为发泡聚氨酯、橡塑保温材料或岩棉保温材料。3. Further, the hot water storage tank is composed of an inner tank and a thermal insulation layer, and the inner tank is made of stainless steel, copper, enamel or aluminum alloy; the thermal insulation layer is foamed polyurethane, rubber-plastic thermal insulation material or rock wool thermal insulation material.
4.进一步，中间平板导热板与储热水箱内胆外壁紧密贴合，贴合长度超过储热水箱内胆截面周长的三分之一。4. Further, the middle flat heat-conducting plate is closely attached to the outer wall of the inner tank of the hot water storage tank, and the bonding length exceeds one third of the perimeter of the section of the inner tank of the hot water storage tank.
本发明的技术效果在于：The technical effect of the present invention is:
1、利用真空管太阳能集热器吸收太阳能并转化成热量，通过在太阳能真空集热管内设置的中间平板导热板将太阳能热量向上传导，与储热水箱进行换热，热量被储存在储热水箱内介质中。1. The vacuum tube solar collector is used to absorb solar energy and convert it into heat, and the solar heat is conducted upward through the middle flat heat-conducting plate set in the solar vacuum collector tube, and the heat is exchanged with the hot water storage tank, and the heat is stored in the hot water storage. in the box medium.
2、可以大幅度提高太阳能的吸收效率并提高热量传导效率，并同时做到换热和储热，减少热量损失，从而在相同的采光面积内可以制备更多热水，获取更高温度热水。2. It can greatly improve the absorption efficiency of solar energy and improve the heat conduction efficiency, and at the same time achieve heat exchange and heat storage, reduce heat loss, so that more hot water can be prepared in the same lighting area, and higher temperature hot water can be obtained .
3、集热储热一体化，集热时不需要介质循环，且不需要储热水箱，系统简单方便，打开出水口后，热水可立即放出。3. The heat collection and storage are integrated, no medium circulation is required during heat collection, and no hot water storage tank is required. The system is simple and convenient. After opening the water outlet, the hot water can be released immediately.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
图2是本发明的结构局部示意图。FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
图3是太阳能真空集热管截面图。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a solar vacuum heat collector tube.
1、太阳能真空集热管；2、中间平板导热板；3、储热水箱；4、支架；5、外层玻璃管；6、内层玻璃管；7、进水口；8、出水口；9、胶塞10、保温层、11储能水箱内胆。1. Solar vacuum collector tube; 2. Middle flat heat conduction plate; 3. Hot water storage tank; 4. Bracket; 5. Outer glass tube; 6. Inner glass tube; 7. Water inlet; 8. Water outlet; 9 ,
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明的技术方案如下：The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
该系统包括真空管太阳能集热器、储热水箱3以及支架4；The system includes a vacuum tube solar collector, a hot
所述真空管太阳能集热器包含太阳能真空集热管1和中间平板导热板2；The vacuum tube solar collector includes a solar vacuum collector tube 1 and an intermediate flat
所述太阳能真空集热管包含外层玻璃管5和内层玻璃管6，两层玻璃管管口熔封连接，管间抽成真空；所述内层玻璃管外表面镀有金属吸热膜；金属吸热膜经过多靶材磁控溅射镀膜而成，靶材为铜、铝、钛、铬或者不锈钢，该镀膜厚度为100～1000纳米；The solar vacuum heat collector tube includes an
所述中间平板导热板为铜板、铝板、石墨烯板，或者平板热管，板厚度为2～5mm，中间平板导热板下端插入太阳能真空集热管内(中间平板导热板的宽度小于内层玻璃管6的直径，插入长度小于内层玻璃管6的长度)，所述储热水箱与中间平板导热板上端连接，储热水箱有进水口7和出水口8；The middle flat heat conduction plate is copper plate, aluminum plate, graphene plate, or flat heat pipe, the thickness of the plate is 2～5mm, and the lower end of the middle flat heat conduction plate is inserted into the solar vacuum heat collector tube (the width of the middle flat heat conduction plate is smaller than that of the
利用真空管太阳能集热器吸收太阳能并转化成热量，通过在太阳能真空集热管内设置的中间平板导热板将太阳能热量快速向上传导，与储热水箱进行换热，热量被储存在储热水箱内介质中。The vacuum tube solar collector is used to absorb solar energy and convert it into heat, and the solar heat is rapidly conducted upward through the middle flat heat conducting plate set in the solar vacuum collector tube, and the heat is exchanged with the hot water storage tank, and the heat is stored in the hot water storage tank. in the inner medium.
储热水箱由内胆和保温层10组成，推荐为圆筒状，但不是强制要求，主要要求中间平板导热板与储热水箱内胆外壁紧密贴合。胶塞9用于密封太阳能真空集热管和平板导热板连接处，并进行隔热保温。The hot water storage tank is composed of an inner tank and a
多靶材磁控溅射镀膜为专业术语。就是通过磁控溅射镀膜机为内玻璃管外层镀膜，靶材质为铜、铝、钛、铬或者不锈钢，该镀膜为100～1000纳米。Multi-target magnetron sputtering coating is a technical term. That is, the outer layer of the inner glass tube is coated by a magnetron sputtering coating machine, and the target material is copper, aluminum, titanium, chromium or stainless steel, and the coating is 100-1000 nanometers.
本发明提供了一种全新的储热型真空管太阳能集热系统，该系统由真空管太阳能集热器、储热水箱以及支架组成。The invention provides a brand-new heat storage type vacuum tube solar heat collection system, which is composed of a vacuum tube solar heat collector, a hot water storage tank and a bracket.
1、所述真空管太阳能集热器包含太阳能真空集热管和中间平板导热板。1. The vacuum tube solar heat collector includes a solar vacuum heat collector tube and an intermediate flat heat conducting plate.
2、所述太阳能真空集热管包含外层玻璃管和内层玻璃管，两层玻璃管管口熔封连接，管间抽成真空。所述内层玻璃管外表面镀有金属吸热膜。2. The solar vacuum heat collector tube includes an outer layer glass tube and an inner layer glass tube, the mouths of the two layers of glass tubes are welded and connected, and the tubes are evacuated. The outer surface of the inner glass tube is coated with a metal heat-absorbing film.
3、所述中间平板导热板为铜板、铝板、石墨烯板，或者平板热管，板厚度为2～5mm，中间平板导热板下端插入上述太阳能真空集热管内，上端弯曲成与储热水箱一致的曲面，与储热水箱内胆外壁用导热胶紧密连接。3. The middle flat heat conduction plate is copper plate, aluminum plate, graphene plate, or flat heat pipe, the thickness of the plate is 2-5mm, the lower end of the middle flat heat conduction plate is inserted into the above-mentioned solar vacuum heat collector tube, and the upper end is bent to be consistent with the hot water storage tank The curved surface is tightly connected with the outer wall of the inner tank of the hot water storage tank with thermally conductive adhesive.
4、所述储水水箱与中间平板导热板上端连接，有进水口和出水口。储热水箱由内胆和保温材料组成，内胆材质为不锈钢、铜、搪瓷或铝合金；保温层为发泡聚氨酯、橡塑保温材料或岩棉保温材料。4. The water storage tank is connected to the upper end of the middle flat heat-conducting plate, and has a water inlet and a water outlet. The hot water storage tank is composed of an inner tank and a thermal insulation material. The inner tank is made of stainless steel, copper, enamel or aluminum alloy; the thermal insulation layer is foamed polyurethane, rubber-plastic thermal insulation material or rock wool thermal insulation material.
本发明的技术效果在于：The technical effect of the present invention is:
4、利用真空管太阳能集热器吸收太阳能并转化成热量，通过在太阳能真空集热管内设置的中间平板导热板将太阳能热量快速向上传导，与储热水箱进行换热，热量被储存在储热水箱内介质中。4. The vacuum tube solar collector is used to absorb solar energy and convert it into heat, and the solar heat is rapidly conducted upward through the middle flat heat-conducting plate set in the solar vacuum collector tube, and the heat is exchanged with the hot water storage tank, and the heat is stored in the thermal storage. medium in the tank.
5、可以大幅度提高太阳能的吸收效率并提高热量传导效率，并同时做到换热和储热，减少热量损失，从而在相同的采光面积内，可以制备更多热水，获取更高温度热水。5. It can greatly improve the absorption efficiency of solar energy and improve the heat conduction efficiency, and at the same time achieve heat exchange and heat storage, reduce heat loss, so that in the same lighting area, more hot water can be prepared and higher temperature heat can be obtained. water.
6、集热储热一体化，集热时不需要介质循环，且不需要储热水箱，系统简单方便，打开出水口后，热水可立即放出。6. The heat collection and storage are integrated, no medium circulation is required during heat collection, and no hot water storage tank is required. The system is simple and convenient. After opening the water outlet, the hot water can be released immediately.
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