CN111233220A - 一种钢铁工业浓盐水减量化的预处理方法 - Google Patents
一种钢铁工业浓盐水减量化的预处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111233220A CN111233220A CN202010071576.2A CN202010071576A CN111233220A CN 111233220 A CN111233220 A CN 111233220A CN 202010071576 A CN202010071576 A CN 202010071576A CN 111233220 A CN111233220 A CN 111233220A
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound 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[Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound 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[Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
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- C02F2001/425—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange using cation exchangers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种钢铁工业浓盐水减量化的预处理方法，包括以下步骤：1)钢铁工业浓盐水首先进入调节池，均衡水质水量，然后调节池出水进入电絮凝设备，电絮凝设备排放的泥渣进入污泥处理系统进行处理；电絮凝的出水进入一级电吸附设备，二级电吸附浓水返回到前端调节池；二级电吸附处理后的产水进入砂滤装置、超滤装置，浓水回流至调节池进行循环处理，超滤产水进入螯合型离子交换树脂，离子交换树脂的再生废水回流至调节池进行循环处理，出水进入膜浓缩单元。优点是：工艺过程能耗小，成本低，设备简单，易于操作，处理效果稳定，为后续膜浓缩创造了良好的进水条件。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于工业废水处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种钢铁工业浓盐水减量化的预处理方法。
背景技术
我国钢铁企业的单位耗用水量仍高于国外先进钢铁企业的水平，进一步降低钢铁企业吨钢耗用新水量，提高钢铁企业水的循环利用率，加强钢铁企业废水的综合处理与回用是钢铁企业实现可持续发展的关键之一。
废水回用是废水处理的最终目标，但废水经反渗透处理后，在得到大部分初级纯水的同时也产生出了较大比例的高盐度浓水，浓盐水是反渗透除盐工艺不可避免的产物，含有很高的有机物和盐浓度，其浓盐水量大概是反渗透处理水量的25％。对于该高盐度浓水，现阶段的处理方法基本都为直接排放，造成了大量的资源浪费和环境污染。
现有技术中，中国专利申请号：201010283192.3，公布了一种浓盐水的脱盐处理工艺，采用渗透蒸发技术对浓盐水进行脱盐处理并回收纯净水。此工艺使浓盐水最大限度提浓，除盐率高，出水电导率低。同时结合热量回收技术，大大降低了系统整体能耗，可用于反渗透浓排水、循环冷却排污水等废水的脱盐处理。该技术运行能耗高，需要把浓盐水加热至60度以上，而且只能去除浓盐水中的盐份。
中国专利申请号：200910070804.8，公布了一种正渗透海水淡化浓盐水处理工艺及处理系统，采用正渗透膜组件，使用海水淡化的浓盐水作为汲取液，使用淡水作为进料液，海水淡化的浓盐水在正渗透膜组件的透过侧与进料液侧透过的部分淡水混合成为稀释后的达标盐水后排出正渗透膜组件，进料液剩余部分排出正渗透膜组件。该技术只能用于海水浓盐水的处理，不适用于冶金工业浓盐水工艺。
中国专利公布号：CN1030773143B，公布了一种钢铁厂浓盐水零排放处理工艺，采用三级反渗透工艺进行废水浓缩，然后进行蒸发结晶。三级反渗透的浓缩不仅运行成本很高，而且该工艺没有考虑到反渗透膜的有机物污染和无机物结垢等问题，限制了推广和应用。
综上所述，开发一种高效的钢铁工业浓盐水减量化的预处理方法，对钢铁企业浓盐水的减量化和零排放将变得至关重要，不仅可以为冶金企业节省大量的新水资源，而且浓盐水排放量的大幅减少将减轻废水排放对周边水域环境的不利影响，对企业实现节水减排具有重要的意义。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种钢铁工业浓盐水减量化的预处理方法，针对钢企排放的浓盐水，依次将其进行电絮凝、二级电吸附、砂滤、超滤和离子交换树脂的预处理工艺，使预处理后废水的水质满足后续膜浓缩进水条件，为钢铁工业浓盐水实现减量化回用提供行之有效的技术工艺。
为实现上述目的，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种钢铁工业浓盐水减量化的预处理方法，包括以下步骤：
1)钢铁工业浓盐水首先进入调节池，均衡水质水量，然后调节池出水进入电絮凝设备，利用废水的高盐度特性，降低电絮凝所需的电量消耗；电絮凝设备的电极材料选择铝铁极板，反应电压控制在3V-5V，极板间距控制2cm-3cm，反应时间25min-35min，废水pH控制7.0-8.0，电源采用周期换向电源，在一定周期内对电絮凝的阴极和阳极进行交换，换向周期8s-10s；电絮凝设备排放的泥渣进入污泥处理系统进行处理，经过电絮凝处理后，降低废水中的悬浮物、钙镁金属离子；
2)电絮凝的出水进入一级电吸附设备，利用带电电极吸附水中的离子及带电粒子，使溶解盐类及其他带电物质在电极的表面富集浓缩而实现废水净化，控制极板电压1.0V-1.8V，极板间距为1.5cm-2.5cm，废水pH为7.0-8.0，一级电吸附浓水返回到前端调节池，一级电吸附的产水进入二级电吸附，控制极板电压1.5V-2.0V，极板间距为1.5cm-2.5cm，废水pH为7.0-8.0，二级电吸附浓水返回到前端调节池；
3)二级电吸附处理后的产水进入砂滤装置，采用单层石英砂均质滤料，过滤后出水浊度和悬浮物进一步降低，砂滤反洗水进入前端调节池，出水进入超滤装置，控制废水pH为6.2-6.6，通过超滤膜进一步截留废水中的悬浮物、胶体类污染物质，超滤装置的浓水回流至调节池进行循环处理，超滤产水进入螯合型离子交换树脂，经过树脂的交换性能，吸附废水中的残余金属离子，减轻废水对后续膜浓缩系统的污染，离子交换树脂的再生废水回流至调节池进行循环处理，出水进入膜浓缩单元。
所述的钢铁工业浓盐水为钢铁生产中反渗透工艺产生的浓盐水，其中pH 7.0-8.5，电导率8.0-9.0ms/cm，COD 70-100mg/L，总硬度1200-1400mg/L，油类≤10mg/L。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
为钢铁工业排放的浓盐水提供了一种由电絮凝、二级电吸附、砂滤、超滤和离子交换树脂的预处理方法，预处理过程中选用的电絮凝和电吸附技术充分利用了冶金浓盐水高含盐量的特点，工艺过程能耗小，成本低，设备简单，易于操作，处理效果稳定，为后续膜浓缩创造了良好的进水条件。
附图说明
图1是钢铁工业浓盐水减量化预处理工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图对本发明进行详细地描述，但是应该指出本发明的实施不限于以下的实施方式。
钢铁工业浓盐水为钢铁生产中反渗透工艺产生的浓盐水，其中pH 7.0-8.5，电导率8.0-9.0ms/cm，COD 70-100mg/L，总硬度1200-1400mg/L，油类≤10mg/L。
实施例1
见图1，钢铁工业浓盐水首先进调节池，均衡水质水量。调节池出水进入电絮凝设备，电絮凝设备的电极材料选择铝铁极板，反应电压控制在3V，极板间距控制2cm，反应时间25min，废水pH控制7.0，电源采用周期换向电源，换向周期8s。经过电絮凝处理后，废水中的悬浮物、钙镁金属离子得到有效的降低。电絮凝的出水进入一级电吸附设备，控制极板电压1.0V，极板间距为1.5cm，废水pH为7.0，一级电吸附浓水返回到前端调节池，一级电吸附的产水进入二级电吸附，控制极板电压1.5V，极板间距为1.5cm，废水pH为7.0，二级电吸附浓水返回到前端调节池。
二级电吸附处理后的产水进入砂滤装置，过滤后出水浊度和悬浮物进一步降低，砂滤反洗水进入前端调节池，出水进入超滤装置，控制废水pH为6.2，通过超滤膜进一步截留废水中的悬浮物、胶体类污染物质，超滤装置的浓水回流至调节池进行循环处理，超滤产水进入螯合型离子交换树脂，经过树脂的交换性能，吸附废水中的残余钙、镁等金属离子，减轻废水对后续膜浓缩系统的污染，延长膜组件的使用寿命，离子交换树脂的再生废水回流至调节池进行循环处理，离子交换树脂的出水总硬度≤10mg/L、油类≤0.3mg/L、SDI≤3满足后续膜浓缩单元的进水条件。
实施例2
见图1，钢铁工业浓盐水首先进调节池，均衡水质水量。调节池出水进入电絮凝设备，电絮凝设备的电极材料选择铝铁极板，反应电压控制在4V，极板间距控制2.5cm，反应时间30min，废水pH控制7.5，电源采用周期换向电源，换向周期9s。经过电絮凝处理后，废水中的悬浮物、钙镁金属离子得到有效的降低。电絮凝的出水进入一级电吸附设备，控制极板电压1.4V，极板间距为2.0cm，废水pH为7.5，一级电吸附浓水返回到前端调节池，一级电吸附的产水进入二级电吸附，控制极板电压1.8V，极板间距为2.0cm，废水pH为7.5，二级电吸附浓水返回到前端调节池。
二级电吸附处理后的产水进入砂滤装置，过滤后出水浊度和悬浮物进一步降低，砂滤反洗水进入前端调节池，出水进入超滤装置，控制废水pH为6.4，通过超滤膜进一步截留废水中的悬浮物、胶体类污染物质，超滤装置的浓水回流至调节池进行循环处理，超滤产水进入螯合型离子交换树脂，经过树脂的交换性能，吸附废水中的残余钙、镁等金属离子，减轻废水对后续膜浓缩系统的污染，延长膜组件的使用寿命，离子交换树脂的再生废水回流至调节池进行循环处理，离子交换树脂的出水总硬度≤10mg/L、油类≤0.3mg/L、SDI≤3满足后续膜浓缩单元的进水条件。
实施例3
见图1，钢铁工业浓盐水首先进调节池，均衡水质水量。调节池出水进入电絮凝设备，电絮凝设备的电极材料选择铝铁极板，反应电压控制在5V，极板间距控制3cm，反应时间35min，废水pH控制8.0，电源采用周期换向电源，换向周期10s。经过电絮凝处理后，废水中的悬浮物、钙镁金属离子得到有效的降低。电絮凝的出水进入一级电吸附设备，控制极板电压1.8V，极板间距控制2.5cm，废水pH8.0，一级电吸附浓水返回到前端调节池，一级电吸附的产水进入二级电吸附，控制极板电压2.0V，极板间距控制2.5cm，废水pH8.0，二级电吸附浓水返回到前端调节池。
二级电吸附处理后的产水进入砂滤装置，过滤后出水浊度和悬浮物进一步降低，砂滤反洗水进入前端调节池，出水进入超滤装置，控制废水pH为6.6，通过超滤膜进一步截留废水中的悬浮物、胶体类污染物质，超滤装置的浓水回流至调节池进行循环处理，超滤产水进入螯合型离子交换树脂，经过树脂的交换性能，吸附废水中的残余钙、镁等金属离子，减轻废水对后续膜浓缩系统的污染，延长膜组件的使用寿命，离子交换树脂的再生废水回流至调节池进行循环处理，离子交换树脂的出水总硬度≤10mg/L、油类≤0.3mg/L、SDI≤3满足后续膜浓缩单元的进水条件。
Claims (2)
1.一种钢铁工业浓盐水减量化的预处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)钢铁工业浓盐水首先进入调节池，均衡水质水量，然后调节池出水进入电絮凝设备，利用废水的高盐度特性，降低电絮凝所需的电量消耗；电絮凝设备的电极材料选择铝铁极板，反应电压控制在3V-5V，极板间距控制2cm-3cm，反应时间25min-35min，废水pH控制7.0-8.0，电源采用周期换向电源，在一定周期内对电絮凝的阴极和阳极进行交换，换向周期8s-10s；电絮凝设备排放的泥渣进入污泥处理系统进行处理，经过电絮凝处理后，降低废水中的悬浮物、钙镁金属离子；
2)电絮凝的出水进入一级电吸附设备，利用带电电极吸附水中的离子及带电粒子，使溶解盐类及其他带电物质在电极的表面富集浓缩而实现废水净化，控制极板电压1.0V-1.8V，极板间距为1.5cm-2.5cm，废水pH为7.0-8.0，一级电吸附浓水返回到前端调节池，一级电吸附的产水进入二级电吸附，控制极板电压1.5V-2.0V，极板间距为1.5cm-2.5cm，废水pH为7.0-8.0，二级电吸附浓水返回到前端调节池；
3)二级电吸附处理后的产水进入砂滤装置，采用单层石英砂均质滤料，过滤后出水浊度和悬浮物进一步降低，砂滤反洗水进入前端调节池，出水进入超滤装置，控制废水pH为6.2-6.6，通过超滤膜进一步截留废水中的悬浮物、胶体类污染物质，超滤装置的浓水回流至调节池进行循环处理，超滤产水进入螯合型离子交换树脂，经过树脂的交换性能，吸附废水中的残余金属离子，减轻废水对后续膜浓缩系统的污染，离子交换树脂的再生废水回流至调节池进行循环处理，出水进入膜浓缩单元。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢铁工业浓盐水减量化的预处理方法，其特征在于，所述的钢铁工业浓盐水为钢铁生产中反渗透工艺产生的浓盐水，其中pH 7.0-8.5，电导率8.0-9.0ms/cm，COD 70-100mg/L，总硬度1200-1400mg/L，油类≤10mg/L。
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