Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the energy utilization and pollutant high-efficiency control system for the household garbage, which can effectively control the generation of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and chlorides and reduce the emission of atmospheric pollutants.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a domestic waste energy utilization and high-efficient control system of pollutant, including pyrolysis gasifier, pyrolysis gasifier is connected with semi-dry desulfurization tower through two combustion chamber in proper order, two segmentation water-cooling walls, quench chamber, be provided with gravity settling chamber in the middle flue gas pipeline of two segmentation water-cooling walls, the water pipeline of two segmentation water-cooling wall export is connected through cooling tower, water pump and quench chamber's feed line in proper order, semi-dry desulfurization tower includes flue gas swirl chamber from top to bottom in proper order, atomization regulating chamber, flue gas mixing chamber, dry desulfurization room and collection ash room, collection ash room bottom is provided with the ash discharge mouth, carries out desulfurization dechlorination to the flue gas through semi-dry desulfurization tower.
Specifically, the front section space and the rear section space of the two-section water-cooled wall are different in size.
Further, a plurality of ammonia spraying ports are arranged at the second half section of the two-section water-cooled wall, and the ammonia spraying ports are respectively connected with an ammonia water tank.
Specifically, a smoke inlet is tangentially arranged on the smoke swirling chamber.
Specifically, be provided with the whirl device between flue gas whirl room and the atomizing adjustment room, be provided with the adjustable rotating vane of angle in the whirl device.
Specifically, an atomization spray gun is arranged on the atomization regulating chamber, and one end of the atomization spray gun is respectively connected with a limestone slurry nozzle and a compressed air inlet.
Further, the atomizing spray gun can move up and down along the atomizing adjusting chamber.
Specifically, four flue gas collecting pipelines are arranged at the lower end of the drying desulfurization chamber, and are obliquely upwards arranged and are connected with the flue gas collecting box and the flue gas outlet pipeline.
Specifically, the flue gas mixing chamber is of a horn mouth type structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the household garbage energy utilization and pollutant high-efficiency control system effectively controls the emission of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and chlorides, reduces the adhesion of fly ash in high-temperature flue gas on the wall surface, realizes the effective control of dioxin and reduces the emission of pollutants to the atmosphere.
Further, the space of the front section and the rear section of the two-section water-cooled wall are different in size, the front section keeps the original speed of the flue gas for heat exchange, the flue gas temperature is reduced, dust is gathered, when the space passes through the rear section, the flow speed is slow, and the sedimentation of the dust is facilitated.
Further, a plurality of ammonia spraying ports are arranged to form rotary ammonia spraying, so that the rotary ammonia spraying ports are better mixed with the flue gas, the reaction time is prolonged, and the nitrogen oxide amount is better controlled.
Further, the smoke enters the smoke swirling chamber tangentially through the smoke inlet to form rotary smoke, so that the smoke forms a rotary airflow, and the smoke has a sufficient swirling quantity. The flue gas passes through the cyclone device again, and the cyclone device can automatically adjust the angle of the rotary blade according to the flow and the flue gas temperature of the flue gas, and is matched with the flue gas rotation angle of the outlet of the flue gas swirling chamber, so that the speed matched with the atomization angle is reached.
Furthermore, the position of the atomizing spray gun in the flue gas mixing chamber can be automatically adjusted up and down according to the inlet of the flow of the flue gas, so that the contact area between atomized slurry and the flue gas is maximized, and the atomized slurry is not sprayed on the wall surface.
Further, the lower end of the drying desulfurization chamber is connected with four flue gas collecting pipelines, so that the flue gas in the drying chamber can be prevented from being short-circuited, the flue gas flow field is uneven, the full reaction of medium sulfur and atomized slurry in the flue gas is further ensured, the flue gas collecting pipelines incline upwards, large-particle dust can slide into the dust collecting chamber along the pipeline wall, and more fly ash is discharged through the dust discharge port.
Further, the flue gas mixing chamber is a horn mouth, so that the flue gas and the atomized slurry are more uniformly mixed, the rotational flow speed of the flue gas is reduced, the residence time of the flue gas is prolonged, and the guarantee is provided for the full reaction of the medium sulfur of the flue gas and the atomized slurry.
In conclusion, the invention can realize ultra-low emission of pollutants. The semi-dry cyclone desulfurization technology is used, so that the flue gas through-flow time is increased, the desulfurization and dechlorination efficiency is improved, and no wastewater is discharged. Meanwhile, the two-section water-cooled wall is used, and ammonia is sprayed in the rear section in a rotary mode, so that emission of nitrogen oxides is reduced, the denitrification temperature is controlled, and an efficient denitrification effect is achieved.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "one side", "one end", "one side", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected via an intervening medium, or in communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, the system for efficiently controlling energy utilization and pollutants of household garbage comprises a pyrolysis gasification furnace 1, a secondary combustion chamber 2, a two-stage water cooling wall 3, a gravity settling chamber 4, an ammonia water tank 5, a quenching chamber 6, a semi-dry desulfurization tower 7, a cooling tower 8 and a water pump 9.
The pyrolysis gasification furnace 1 is connected with a semi-dry desulfurization tower 7 through a secondary combustion chamber 2, a two-stage water-cooling wall 3 and a quenching chamber 6 in sequence, raw garbage is stored in the pyrolysis gasification furnace 1 to be combusted to generate synthetic gas, combustion is continued in the secondary combustion chamber 2, high-temperature flue gas is generated to be cooled through the two-stage water-cooling wall 3 and the quenching chamber 6 in sequence, and desulfurization and dechlorination treatment is carried out on the flue gas through the semi-dry desulfurization tower 7.
A gravity settling chamber 4 is arranged in the middle flue gas pipeline of the two-section water-cooled wall 3.
The second half section of the two-section water-cooled wall 3 is provided with an ammonia water tank 5, and ammonia water from the ammonia water tank 5 is sprayed into the second half section of the two-section water-cooled wall 3 to form rotational flow for denitrification treatment of flue gas.
The space of the front and back sections of the two-section water-cooled wall 3 is different in size, the former section keeps the original speed of the flue gas for heat exchange, the flue gas temperature is reduced, dust is gathered, when the flue gas passes through the back section, the space is big in side, the flow speed is slow in side, sedimentation of dust is facilitated, a plurality of ammonia spraying openings are formed in the position of the flue gas entering the back section, rotary ammonia spraying is formed, the flue gas is better mixed with the flue gas, the reaction time is increased, and the nitrogen oxide amount is better controlled.
The water pipeline at the outlet of the two-stage water-cooled wall 3 is connected with the water supply pipeline of the quenching chamber 6 through the cooling tower 8, the water pump 9 in sequence.
Referring to fig. 2, the semi-dry desulfurization tower 7 sequentially comprises a flue gas swirling chamber 11, an atomization adjusting chamber 23, a flue gas mixing chamber 16, a drying desulfurization chamber 17 and an ash collecting chamber 20 from top to bottom, wherein a flue gas inlet 10 is tangentially arranged on the flue gas swirling chamber 11, flue gas enters the flue gas swirling chamber 11 through the flue gas inlet 10, a cyclone device 12 is arranged between the flue gas swirling chamber 11 and the atomization adjusting chamber 23, angle-adjustable rotating blades are arranged in the cyclone device 12, the flue gas further increases the cyclone strength through the cyclone device 12 capable of automatically adjusting the angle of the rotating blades, an atomization spray gun 13 capable of moving up and down along the atomization adjusting chamber 23 is arranged on the atomization adjusting chamber 23, one end of the atomization spray gun 13 is respectively connected with a limestone slurry nozzle 14 and a compressed air inlet 15, limestone slurry atomized by the atomization spray gun 13 and the flue gas are fully mixed in the flue gas mixing chamber 16, then enter the ash collecting chamber 20 through the drying desulfurization chamber 17, and an ash discharge port 21 is arranged at the bottom of the ash collecting chamber 20.
The lower end of the drying desulfurization chamber 17 is provided with 4 flue gas collecting pipelines 19,4 and flue gas collecting pipelines 19 which are obliquely upwards arranged and are connected with the flue gas collecting header 18 and the flue gas outlet pipeline 22.
The flue gas mixing chamber 16 is of a horn mouth type structure, so that the flue gas and the atomized slurry are more uniformly mixed, the rotational flow speed of the flue gas is reduced, the residence time of the flue gas is prolonged, and the guarantee is provided for the full reaction of medium sulfur in the flue gas and the atomized slurry.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention relates to a pollutant control method in the process of heat utilization of household garbage, which comprises the following steps:
The primary garbage is stored in a pyrolysis gasifier for combustion to generate synthetic gas, and is continuously combusted in a secondary combustion chamber to generate high-temperature flue gas, the high-temperature flue gas is cooled once through a two-stage water cooling wall and a quenching chamber, and the flue gas is subjected to desulfurization and dechlorination treatment through a semi-dry desulfurization tower. Ammonia water from the ammonia water tank is sprayed into the second half section of the two-section water-cooled wall, the reaction temperature is controlled, rotational flow is formed, and the flue gas is denitrified.
The invention relates to a household garbage energy utilization and pollutant high-efficiency control system, which is suitable for the demands of rural and urban development, has a large demand space in industry and civilian use, and can effectively control the generation of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and chlorides and reduce the emission of pollutants to the atmosphere. The technology has the following points mainly:
(1) The flue gas forms rotational flow in the desulfurization equipment, so that the residence time of the flue gas is prolonged, the desulfurization and dechlorination efficiency is improved, and no wastewater is discharged.
The smoke enters the smoke swirling chamber tangentially through the smoke inlet to form rotary smoke, so that the smoke forms a rotary airflow, and the smoke has a sufficient swirling quantity. The rotating smoke passing through the smoke swirling chamber passes through the swirling device again, so that the smoke reaches a speed which can be matched with the atomization angle. The angle of the rotating blade of the cyclone device can be automatically adjusted according to the flow of the flue gas, so that the speed matched with the spray angle of the atomizing gun is achieved, and the efficient desulfurization and dechlorination are achieved
The lower end of the drying desulfurization chamber is provided with a plurality of flue gas collecting pipelines, and flue gas is collected in the flue gas collecting box through the collecting pipelines, so that the flue gas in the drying chamber can be prevented from being short-circuited, the flue gas flow field is uneven, and the full reaction of medium sulfur and atomized slurry in the flue gas is further ensured. And the flue gas collecting pipeline inclines upwards, so that large-particle dust can slide into the dust collecting chamber along the pipeline wall, more fly ash is discharged through the dust discharge port, no wastewater is discharged, and secondary treatment is reduced.
(2) And ammonia is sprayed at the rear section of the two-section water-cooled wall, so that the denitrification efficiency is improved.
The space of the front and back sections of two-section water-cooled wall is different in size, the former section keeps the original speed of flue gas to exchange heat, the flue gas temperature is reduced, dust gathers, when the back section is passed through, the space side is big, then the velocity of flow is slow, helps the subsidence of dust, sets up a plurality of ammonia spouts mouths in the position that the flue gas got into the back section simultaneously, makes it form rotatory ammonia that spouts, better mixing with the flue gas, reaction time increases, better control nitrogen oxide volume.
The above is only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by this, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.