CN111219197B

CN111219197B - Mold spraying equipment and mold spraying process

Info

Publication number: CN111219197B
Application number: CN201811419772.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蓝传雯
Original assignee: Sichuan Lanhai Intelligent Equipment Manufacturing Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sichuan Lanhai Intelligent Equipment Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-11-26
Filing date: 2018-11-26
Publication date: 2024-12-27
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-26
Also published as: CN118793460A; CN119163437A; CN119247821A; CN118881399A; CN119062362A; CN111219197A; CN118728432A; CN119163438A; CN118959032A; CN119084029A

Abstract

The invention discloses tunnel die spraying equipment and a die spraying method, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction. The tunnel mould spraying equipment comprises a spray head assembly, a template mechanism and a spraying system, wherein the template mechanism is matched with a tunnel excavation rock surface to form a mould cavity in the tunnel construction process, the spray head assembly is arranged above the mould cavity, the spray head faces into the mould cavity, the spray head assembly is connected with the spraying system, concrete filled with an accelerator is pumped to the spray head assembly, and the spray head assembly sprays concrete into the mould cavity along an angle which is not perpendicular to the rock surface, so that the concrete is solidified in the mould cavity to form a supporting layer. The invention effectively avoids the problem of concrete rebound in the process of spraying, and improves the environmental quality of a construction site.

Description

Die spraying equipment and die spraying process

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to tunnel die spraying equipment.

Background

In the primary support construction of the tunnel, a construction mode of directly spraying concrete on an excavation surface is adopted, wherein the concrete spraying mode is divided into mechanical arm spraying and manual spraying. The current construction method of directly spraying concrete has the following defects:

the rebound rate is high, 20% -40% of rebound exists in the existing construction process, and rebound materials cannot be recycled, so that great waste is caused, and the rebound material is a main reason for high construction cost.

The usage amount of the accelerator is large, the construction mode of directly spraying concrete requires that the concrete is required to be adhered to the excavation surface within a short time when the concrete contacts the excavation surface, and the concrete is ensured not to fall off after being adhered. The common concrete cannot meet the construction requirement, and then the accelerator is required to be added into plain concrete to meet the requirement of concrete solidification in a short time, and the accelerator is large in dosage, so that the construction cost is increased.

The surface roughness is poor, the surface roughness is poor after the construction molding of the direct injection concrete in the construction mode, and the surface of the direct injection concrete is required to be shaped before the construction of the next working procedure so as to meet the construction requirement, thus the construction working procedure is undoubtedly increased, the construction period is prolonged, and the construction cost is increased.

The construction safety is poor, and when the manual work sprays, operating personnel can be under the face of not supporting and construct, exist by falling the risk in stone and dropping the concrete pounding. In addition, the accelerator is a chemical reagent, and when the accelerator is manually sprayed, an operator is closer to the spray head, and the long-time operation can cause harm to the body health of the operator.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems, mainly solve the problems of mechanization, standardization and standardization of primary support in the tunnel construction process, effectively avoid the problem of concrete rebound in the process of spraying, and improve the environmental quality of a construction site.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

The tunnel mould spraying equipment comprises a spray head assembly, a template mechanism and a spraying system, wherein the template mechanism is matched with a tunnel excavation rock surface to form a mould cavity in the tunnel construction process, the spray head assembly is arranged above the mould cavity, the spray head faces into the mould cavity, the spray head assembly is connected with the spraying system, concrete filled with an accelerator is pumped to the spray head assembly, and the spray head assembly sprays concrete into the mould cavity along an angle which is not perpendicular to the rock surface, so that the concrete is solidified in the mould cavity to form a supporting layer.

The tunnel die spraying equipment is characterized in that a spray head assembly is arranged on a spray head fine adjustment mechanism, the spray head fine adjustment mechanism is used for adjusting the pitching angle and/or the rotating angle or the three-dimensional angle of the spray head assembly, the spray head fine adjustment mechanism is arranged on a spray head displacement mechanism, and the spray head displacement mechanism is used for controlling the displacement of the spray head assembly in space.

The tunnel mould spraying equipment comprises a concrete pumping mechanism, an accelerator pumping mechanism, compressed air supply equipment and a material agent mixer, wherein the concrete pumping mechanism is connected with the material agent mixer to send concrete into the material agent mixer, the accelerator pumping mechanism is connected with the material agent mixer to send accelerator into the material agent mixer to be mixed with concrete, the compressed air supply equipment is connected with the material agent mixer to send compressed air into the material agent mixer, and a spray head assembly is arranged on the material agent mixer.

According to the tunnel die spraying equipment, the template adjusting mechanism is arranged on the template mechanism, and is used for adjusting the distance between the template and the rock surface and adjusting the pitching angle and/or the rotating angle or the three-dimensional angle of the template mechanism, so that a die cavity/demoulding is formed between the template mechanism and the rock surface.

According to the tunnel mould spraying equipment, the spray head displacement mechanism and/or the template fine adjustment mechanism are arranged on the supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism can drive the template mechanism and/or the spray head assembly to be close to/far away from an excavated rock surface.

The tunnel mould spraying equipment is characterized in that a steel arch is arranged on a tunnel excavation rock surface, a mould cavity is formed by matching a mould plate mechanism, the steel arch and the excavation rock surface, or the tunnel excavation rock surface is not provided with the mould cavity, the mould plate mechanism and the excavation rock surface are directly matched to form the mould cavity, and the concrete is sprayed into the mould cavity from the top of the mould cavity through a spray head assembly by a spraying system and is solidified in the mould cavity to form a supporting layer.

The tunnel mould spraying equipment comprises a plurality of steel arches which are arranged on a tunnel rock wall in parallel at intervals in the length direction of a tunnel, concrete is sprayed between any two adjacent steel arches to form a supporting layer on the tunnel rock wall, the supporting layer is of an integrated arch structure formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of supporting blocks, two sides of the supporting layer are respectively adhered to the steel arches, the surface of the supporting layer is an arc surface with the same radian as the steel arches, and the surface of the supporting layer is flat.

According to the tunnel die spraying equipment, the supporting mechanism is arranged to be a supporting arm frame, the supporting arm frame is arranged to be a big arm, an auxiliary arm, two arms, three arms or a frame type arm frame structure, and the die plate mechanism and the spray head assembly are arranged on the supporting arm frame.

The tunnel mold spraying equipment comprises a large arm erected as a supporting arm, wherein the supporting arm is of a telescopic arm structure or a folding arm structure, a wet spraying front arm is arranged at the end part of the supporting arm frame, a template mechanism is arranged at the end part of the wet spraying front arm, a spray head displacement mechanism is arranged on the wet spraying front arm, a spray head fine adjustment mechanism is arranged on the spray head displacement mechanism, a spray head assembly is arranged on the spray head fine adjustment mechanism, and the space displacement, the angle and the direction of the spray head assembly are adjusted

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

The tunnel mould spraying equipment and the method realize the mould spraying operation of the tunnel supporting layer, can realize zero rebound compared with the traditional wet spraying mechanical arm, can reduce the concrete dosage by 20% -40% in the same operation range, simultaneously reduce the dosage of accelerator, have obvious economic benefit and social benefit, have high surface smoothness, do not need post-shaping, shorten the construction period, greatly improve the production efficiency, have good construction safety, can realize the whole-process remote control mechanical construction, greatly improve the construction safety and reduce the possibility of occupational disease hazard.

The tunnel mould spraying equipment and the tunnel mould spraying method can adaptively adjust and control the spray head assembly in various aspects such as displacement, angle, direction, height and the like based on the actual condition of the mould cavity between the template mechanism and the excavated rock wall so as to meet the control requirement on the spray head assembly in site construction.

The tunnel die spraying equipment and the tunnel die spraying method can synchronously move the nozzle assembly and the template mechanism as a whole, synchronously rotate and the like, so that the coordination between the template mechanism and the nozzle assembly is greatly increased, the control difficulty is reduced, the control accuracy is improved, the die spraying operation is ensured to be realized, and the construction efficiency and the construction quality of the tunnel primary support die spraying pouring are improved.

According to the tunnel mould spraying equipment and the tunnel mould spraying method, the mould spraying agent spraying system can enable concrete and an accelerator to be mixed rapidly, sufficiently and uniformly, and then the mixed concrete can be sprayed into a mould cavity to rapidly form a supporting layer, so that the purpose of rapidly reinforcing the tunnel rock wall is achieved.

Drawings

The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the entire vehicle when the die-casting apparatus is a trolley;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a connection of a spray head fine tuning mechanism;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a driving structure of a nozzle holder;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spray head movement assembly mechanism;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a nozzle traversing arm and forearm mechanism connection;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a forearm mechanism;

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the forearm mechanism;

FIG. 8 is a top view of the forearm mechanism;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a rotation mechanism of the forearm mechanism;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a dobby turret of the dobby mechanism;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a horizontal rotation assembly of the large arm turntable;

FIG. 12 is a rear view of the large arm turret;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a turret riser of the large arm turret;

FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of the connection of a swing boom to a mobile assembly mechanism;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a swing boom;

FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of a portion of a swing arm;

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a template mechanism I;

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram II of a template mechanism;

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a template I;

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram II of a template;

FIG. 21 is a schematic view of the position of the spray head assembly at the entrance of the mold cavity;

FIGS. 22-23 are block diagrams of a reagent injection system;

FIG. 24 is a schematic view showing a structure in which a feed pipe is composed of a diameter-variable hard pipe and a non-diameter-variable hard pipe;

FIGS. 25-28 are schematic illustrations of the placement of accelerator filler ports on a material mixer;

FIGS. 29-41 are block diagrams of a combination template mechanism;

FIGS. 42-50 are block diagrams of electromagnetic template mechanisms;

FIGS. 51-56 are belt template mechanism block diagrams;

FIGS. 57 to 60 are schematic structural views of a pump tube guide mechanism

Fig. 61 is a block diagram of a showerhead assembly.

Detailed Description

All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.

Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.

The general conception of the tunnel mould spraying equipment is that a mould cavity is formed in an excavated rock surface through a mould plate mechanism, and then concrete is sprayed into the mould cavity to quickly solidify the concrete in the mould cavity so as to form an initial support layer.

The spray head assembly is arranged on a spray head fine adjustment mechanism, the spray head fine adjustment mechanism adjusts the pitching angle and/or the rotating angle or the three-dimensional angle of the spray head assembly, the spray head fine adjustment mechanism is arranged on a spray head displacement mechanism, and the spray head displacement mechanism controls the displacement of the spray head assembly in space.

The injection system comprises a concrete pumping mechanism, an accelerator pumping mechanism, compressed air supply equipment and a material agent mixer, wherein the concrete pumping mechanism is connected with the material agent mixer to send concrete into the material agent mixer, the accelerator pumping mechanism is connected with the material agent mixer to send accelerator into the material agent mixer to be mixed with concrete, the compressed air supply equipment is connected with the material agent mixer to send compressed air into the material agent mixer, and a spray head assembly is arranged on the material agent mixer.

The template mechanism is provided with a template adjusting mechanism, the distance between the template and the rock surface is adjusted by the template adjusting mechanism, and the pitching angle and/or the rotating angle or the three-dimensional angle of the template mechanism is adjusted, so that a die cavity/demoulding is formed between the template mechanism and the rock surface. The spray head displacement mechanism and/or the template fine adjustment mechanism are arranged on the supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism can drive the template mechanism and/or the spray head assembly to be close to/far away from the excavated rock face.

The tunnel excavation rock surface is provided with a steel arch, and the template mechanism, the steel arch and the excavation rock surface are matched to form a die cavity; or the tunnel excavation rock surface is not provided with a die cavity, the template mechanism is directly matched with the excavation rock surface to form the die cavity, and the concrete is sprayed into the die cavity from the top of the die cavity through the spray head assembly by the spraying system and is solidified in the die cavity to form the supporting layer.

The tunnel is characterized in that a plurality of steel arches are arranged in parallel at intervals in the length direction of the tunnel, the steel arches are arranged on a tunnel rock wall in an arch shape, concrete is sprayed between any two adjacent steel arches to form a supporting layer on the tunnel rock wall, the supporting layer is sequentially connected into an integrated arch structure through a plurality of supporting blocks, two sides of the supporting layer are respectively bonded with the steel arches, the surface of the supporting layer is an arc surface with the same radian as the steel arches, and the surface of the supporting layer is flat.

The system is characterized by further comprising a control system, wherein the control system comprises a template adjusting module, a spray head fine adjusting module, a spray head displacement module, an injection module and a control module, the template adjusting module is used for receiving template adjusting signals sent by the control module and controlling rotation, pitching angles and the like of a template/template mechanism so as to control a cavity/demoulding between the template mechanism and a rock surface, the spray head displacement module is used for receiving injection displacement signals sent by the control module, controlling the displacement of the spray head in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction and adjusting the spray head to the upper side of the cavity, the spray head fine adjusting module is used for receiving template fine adjusting signals sent by the control module and controlling rotation, pitching angles and the like of a spray head assembly so as to control the angle/direction of the spray head and ensure that concrete sprayed by the spray head is not perpendicular to the rock surface, the injection module is used for receiving injection signals sent by the control module and controlling mixing and pumping of concrete and accelerator, and the control module is used for controlling the work of all modules of the whole system and can be connected to a remote control end in a wireless/wired mode so as to receive control signals of the remote control end and respectively send control signals to all modules.

The tunnel primary support layer is manufactured through the tunnel die spraying equipment, and particularly relates to a tunnel, wherein a plurality of steel arches are arranged in parallel at intervals in the length direction of the tunnel, the steel arches are arranged on a tunnel rock wall in an arch shape and used for supporting the tunnel rock wall, concrete is sprayed between any two adjacent steel arches to form a support layer on the tunnel rock wall, the support layer is sequentially connected into an integrated arch structure through a plurality of support blocks, two sides of the support layer are respectively bonded with the steel arches, the surface of the support layer is an arc surface with the same radian as the steel arches, and the surface of the support layer is flat. The concrete and steel support frame cooperate to ensure the structural strength of the primary support layer, and meanwhile, the surface of the primary support layer is smooth, so that the secondary support layer can be conveniently sprayed on the surface of the primary support layer, the bonding of the concrete of the secondary support layer is facilitated, the thickness distribution of the secondary support layer is more uniform, the bearing force of the secondary support layer is facilitated, meanwhile, uneven parts of the primary support layer are prevented from being knocked off when the secondary support layer is arranged, the primary support layer is prevented from being damaged, and the stress of the primary support layer is prevented from being influenced. Therefore, in the invention, the support layer is formed by connecting a plurality of support blocks, thus facilitating the construction of the primary support layer, and further ensuring the surface flatness of the whole support layer under the condition of ensuring the surface flatness of each support block through independent construction.

The supporting layer comprises side wall supporting blocks and top supporting blocks, wherein the top supporting blocks are located in the middle area of the top of the tunnel, the side wall supporting blocks are located on the side wall of the tunnel and are connected with the top supporting blocks in the middle area of the top of the tunnel to form a whole, and the side wall supporting blocks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the top supporting blocks. The tunnel side wall is provided with a plurality of side wall supporting blocks, so that the side wall supporting blocks extend from the bottom of the tunnel side wall to the middle area of the top of the tunnel. The tunnel top structure is special, the top supporting blocks are not easy to construct, the side wall supporting blocks are arranged on two sides of the tunnel to support the tunnel, then the tunnel top is constructed, during construction, the top supporting blocks can be arranged in the middle area of the tunnel top to be connected with the side wall supporting blocks on two sides to jointly support the tunnel, or the top supporting blocks are not arranged, the supporting blocks on two sides of the tunnel are directly sprayed on the middle area of the tunnel top by adopting the existing spraying mode, and the surface of the spraying area is smooth due to the fact that the spraying area is short. The width of the supporting layer is equal to the distance between two steel arches, the width of the supporting layer is 500-1500mm, and the thickness of the supporting layer is the distance between the arch surface of two adjacent steel arches and the rock wall of the tunnel.

At least two steel arches are arranged at the same intervals along the length direction of the tunnel, so that at least two supporting layers are identical in shape and size. The surface of the supporting layer is flush with the surface of the steel arch, or the surface of the supporting layer exceeds the surface of the steel arch, or the surface of the steel arch exceeds the surface of the supporting layer. The steel arch is I-steel, a flower arch or a round tube. In this embodiment, the steel arch is i-shaped steel, i.e. the section of the steel arch is i-shaped as shown in the figure, and concrete is filled between adjacent i-shaped steels to fill the grooves of the two i-shaped steels, thereby forming the supporting layer. Because the tunnel rock wall is uneven, gaps can appear between the steel arch and the tunnel rock wall, a plurality of arch supporting layers which are separated by the steel arch are formed in the length direction of the tunnel, and any adjacent supporting layers are connected into a whole through gaps between the steel arch and the tunnel rock wall.

The sprayed concrete is added with fiber yarns, so that the formed supporting layer contains a plurality of fiber yarns. The fiber filaments are in a thread shape and are adhered to the rock wall and the steel arch frame, so that the coagulation speed and toughness of the soil supporting layer can be improved, and concrete can be firmly adhered to the steel arch frame and the rock wall. The invention provides a tunnel primary support layer structure, which has a flat surface, can facilitate the spraying of a secondary support layer and ensure the bearing force of the secondary support layer.

In addition, the support mechanism is required to be used as a support arm frame, the support arm frame is a large arm, a large arm and an auxiliary arm, two arms, three arms or a frame type arm frame structure, and the template mechanism and the spray head assembly are arranged on the support arm frame.

For example, the support arm is erected into a large arm, the support arm is erected into a telescopic arm structure or a folding arm structure, a front arm mechanism is arranged on the end part of the support arm frame, a template mechanism is arranged on the end part of the front arm mechanism, a spray head displacement mechanism is arranged on the front arm mechanism, a spray head fine adjustment mechanism is arranged on the spray head displacement mechanism, a spray head assembly is arranged on the spray head fine adjustment mechanism, and the space displacement, the angle and the direction of the spray head assembly are adjusted.

For example, the large arm is arranged on a large arm turntable, the large arm can rotate on a vertical surface relative to the large arm turntable, the large arm turntable is arranged on a carrier, the large arm turntable can rotate on a horizontal surface relative to the carrier, the template mechanism is moved along with the front end of the large arm based on relative rotation among the large arm, the large arm turntable and the carrier, and the distance and/or the angle between the template mechanism and the rock surface are controlled.

For example, a track mechanism is paved on the carrier, a movable seat mechanism is matched on the track mechanism, the large arm turntable is arranged on the movable seat mechanism, the movable seat mechanism moves along the paving direction of the track mechanism, the large arm drives the template mechanism to move in the direction of the track mechanism, the track mechanism is arranged on one side of the track mechanism, the hose guide mechanism comprises a guide groove and a moving mechanism on the guide groove, the moving mechanism moves back and forth along the length direction of the guide groove, and a hose is arranged in the guide groove, bypasses the moving mechanism and is connected to the moving mechanism to move along the guide groove along with the moving mechanism.

The carrier is set to be a trolley, the track mechanism is paved on the top of the trolley, the trolley is set to be a wheel type, crawler type or frame type track, the chassis of the trolley adopts an automobile chassis, a crawler chassis or an engineering chassis, the engineering chassis is a four-wheel drive mechanism and adopts four-wheel steering, front wheel driving front wheel steering or rear wheel driving rear wheel steering, the trolley adopts a supporting hanging type walking mode or a self-walking mode, the self-walking mode adopts a wheel type walking mechanism, a crawler type walking mechanism, a track type walking mechanism and a walking mechanism, and the power of the trolley can adopt a diesel engine, a pure electric engine or a diesel-electric double-acting hybrid power source. The trolley is provided with a cab, the cab is fixed on the trolley, or the cab is rotatably arranged on the trolley, the cab is fixed on the trolley by adopting a mode that an outer shell is fixed on the trolley, an internal operation platform can rotate relative to the trolley, or the whole cab can rotate 180 degrees relative to the trolley, or the cab can rotate around a point of the trolley as a center, so that the head and the tail of the cab of the trolley are exchanged. The cab lifting platform is arranged on the trolley, the cab is arranged on the cab lifting platform and can lift along with the cab lifting platform, and a driver can conveniently adjust the position according to the requirement.

When the carrier mechanism is a trolley, the engine of the trolley can be a diesel engine or an electric engine, and the diesel engine and the electric engine can be used together.

The running mode of the trolley can be the running of the automobile idler wheels, the crawler running or the track running.

The trolley is also provided with a steel arch lifting arm, and the steel arch lifting arm can rotate on a horizontal plane relative to the trolley and can also rotate in a vertical plane. When the steel arch is arranged on the steel arch support platform, the steel arch gripper grabs the steel arch, and the steel arch lifting arm can lift the steel arch and erect the steel arch on a tunnel rock wall, so that the installation of the steel arch is facilitated.

The trolley is also provided with a personnel lifting platform, when the template sprayed by the mould gradually moves to the direction of the vault, a person can ascend in the lifting platform, and the spraying condition in the mould cavity is observed.

The trolley is characterized in that a plurality of trolley supporting legs are arranged at the bottom of the trolley, and the trolley supporting legs are telescopic. When the template mechanism and the spray head assembly are in operation, the supporting legs support the ground, so that the trolley is ensured to be stable, and the template mechanism and the spray head assembly are ensured to be stable in position.

In the invention, the accelerator pumping mechanism and the concrete pumping mechanism in the injection system are both positioned at the front end of the trolley, so that the trolley is inconvenient to be close to the face as much as possible, and therefore, the injection system rotating platform is arranged in front of the trolley, and the injection system rotating platform is rotated to one side of the trolley, so that the trolley is convenient to be close to the face as much as possible.

The cab housing is fixed on the cab lifting platform, and an operation platform in the cab housing can rotate. The driver can observe the situation outside the vehicle conveniently, and the vehicle can be backed up conveniently when the operation platform rotates 180 degrees.

Wherein the large arm turntable 3 is fixed on the carrier platform. For convenience of construction, the large arm turntable 3 may be provided on a sliding mechanism.

The sliding mechanism comprises a track mechanism 1 laid on a carrier mechanism, a movable seat mechanism 2 is matched on the track mechanism 1, a large arm mechanism is connected to the movable seat mechanism 2, a template mechanism 8 is arranged on the large arm mechanism, the movable seat mechanism 2 moves along the laying direction of the track mechanism 1, and the large arm mechanism drives the template mechanism 8 to move in the direction of the track mechanism 1.

The direction of track mechanism 1 can be along the longitudinal of tunnel and also can be along the horizontal of tunnel and lay, and during horizontal laying, track mechanism 1 is established to have with tunnel arc complex arc structure, and mould that contains template mechanism 8 and big arm mechanism spouts the mechanism and wholly locates on the curved track mechanism 1.

In the sliding mechanism, the track mechanism 1 comprises two parallel longitudinal rails which are paved on the surface of a carrier, the movable seat mechanism 2 is provided with two rows of rollers 24 matched with the longitudinal rails, the rollers 24 can roll on the longitudinal rails, the movable seat mechanism 2 is provided with a driving mechanism which drives the movable seat mechanism 2 to move on the longitudinal rails, and the driving mechanism is an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism.

The large arm turntable 3 of the large arm mechanism is arranged on the movable seat mechanism 2, and the movable seat mechanism 2 is arranged on the track mechanism 1 and can move along the longitudinal direction of the track mechanism 1 with the large arm turntable 3. So that the dobby mechanism and the template mechanism 8, the spray head assembly 9 and other related mechanisms and assemblies carried thereon can move with the dobby mechanism in the longitudinal direction of the excavated rock face, so that the mould cavity formed between the template mechanism 8 and the rock face can be adjusted in the longitudinal direction of the rock face. For example, in the case of preliminary tunnel support injection, a rock face may be performed in a plurality of successive stages by moving the carrier mechanism (e.g., the carriage) one time. The method avoids the defect that single-stage rock face die spraying can only be carried out by single-time moving, and greatly improves the construction efficiency of die spraying.

The track mechanism 1 comprises a support frame and two mutually parallel longitudinal rails arranged on the support frame. The support frame comprises two parallel spaced support longitudinal beams and a plurality of uniformly spaced support transverse beams connected between the two support longitudinal beams, and the two longitudinal rails are fixed at the top of the support longitudinal beams.

The track mechanism 1 further comprises two track mechanism connecting plates, wherein the track mechanism connecting plates are fixed at the bottom of the supporting longitudinal beam and are equal to the supporting longitudinal beam in length, and the track mechanism 1 is fixed on the frame beam of the trolley frame I through the track mechanism connecting plates.

The two track mechanism connecting plates are also provided with a plurality of uniformly-spaced connecting lug plates, and the connecting lug plates are downwards fixed on the outer sides of the track mechanism connecting plates and can be fixed on the outer sides of the frame beams. The track mechanism connecting plate and the connecting lug plate are respectively provided with a connecting screw hole and a connecting screw hole, and are fixed with the frame beam through connecting bolts.

The track mechanism connecting plate comprises a connecting plate wide portion and a connecting plate narrow portion, and the connecting plate wide portion and the connecting plate narrow portion are connected through a smooth transition portion. The clearance between the narrow portions of the two connecting plates is relatively larger so as to facilitate the installation of the engine assembly in the lower space thereof.

A longitudinal moving rack is longitudinally arranged along the track mechanism 1 and can be meshed with a sliding driving gear on the moving seat mechanism 2, and the length of the longitudinal moving rack is equal to that of the supporting longitudinal beam.

The longitudinal moving rack is fixed on the inner side surface of any longitudinal rail. The concrete fixed mode is, and the support longitudinal beam inboard under the longitudinal rail evenly spaced is fixed with a plurality of rack fixing bases, and the rack fixing base includes horizontal plate and vertical board, and the upper surface of horizontal plate flushes with the lower surface of longitudinal rail, and vertical board direct welding is in the inboard of supporting longitudinal beam, connects between the horizontal plate of rack fixing base and the vertical board and strengthens the backup pad.

The track mechanism 1 is also provided with an anti-falling mechanism to prevent the movable seat mechanism 2 from being separated from the longitudinal rail transversely and longitudinally in the working process. Specifically, the anti-disengaging mechanism comprises a longitudinal anti-disengaging mechanism and a transverse anti-disengaging mechanism.

The longitudinal anti-falling mechanism is in a specific form that stop mechanisms are respectively arranged at two ends of the longitudinal rail to prevent the movable seat mechanism from being longitudinally separated from the longitudinal rail, and anti-collision seats 25 corresponding to the stop mechanisms are respectively arranged at two ends of the movable seat mechanism 2. The same end parts of the two longitudinal rails are provided with baffle seats, and limit is formed on the movable seat mechanism 2 at the end parts. The baffle seat comprises a baffle seat horizontal plate, a baffle seat vertical plate and a baffle seat supporting plate for connecting the baffle seat horizontal plate and the baffle seat vertical plate, and the baffle seat is connected with the sliding seat sliding plate 12 through bolts. Two corresponding vertical stop blocks are arranged at the other ends of the two supporting longitudinal beams opposite to the stop seats, an installation seat for installing the arm support bracket is connected between the two vertical stop blocks, and the vertical stop blocks can be directly welded at the ends of the supporting longitudinal beams. The installation seat comprises an installation seat vertical plate and an installation seat horizontal plate, wherein the installation seat horizontal plate is provided with a connecting hole, and the arm support bracket is connected with the installation seat horizontal plate through a connecting bolt. The arm support bracket has the function that when the die spraying trolley stops working and needs to leave a working site, the rotary large arm 4 is retracted and then used for supporting the rotary large arm 4. The two specific forms of the stop seat and the vertical stop block can be selected according to actual use.

The movable seat mechanism 2 has the following specific structure:

The movable seat mechanism 2 comprises a seat body and at least two groups of sliding rollers positioned on two sides of the bottom of the seat body, wherein the sliding rollers are directly arranged on the longitudinal rail and can longitudinally roll along the longitudinal rail.

The movable seat mechanism comprises a movable seat mechanism 2, a movable seat mechanism and a movable seat mechanism, wherein the movable seat mechanism is characterized in that the movable seat mechanism is provided with a longitudinal rail, the longitudinal rail is provided with a horizontal plate-shaped structure, hook plates are further arranged on two sides of the movable seat mechanism 2 to lock the longitudinal rail from the lower part of the plate-shaped longitudinal rail, the movable seat mechanism is prevented from being separated from the longitudinal rail transversely, L-shaped hook plates are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the movable seat mechanism 2 to form a transverse anti-falling mechanism of a sliding mechanism, and the hook plates comprise limiting vertical plates and limiting horizontal plates to prevent the movable seat mechanism 2 from deviating and overturning in the running process of the movable seat mechanism 2 on the longitudinal rail, and the movable seat mechanism 2 and attachments such as a big arm turntable 3, a rotary big arm 4 and the like are integrally and firmly acted. The spacing horizontal plate extends towards the inboard of moving seat mechanism 2 to be located the pulley below, spacing horizontal plate top surface is slightly greater than the thickness of indulging the rail to the pulley, can press from both sides the rail between pulley and spacing horizontal plate, makes the operation of moving seat mechanism 2 more steady.

The whole square structure of pedestal of the movable seat mechanism 2 comprises two longitudinal plates positioned at two sides and two transverse plates positioned at two ends, wherein a sliding roller fixing plate parallel to the longitudinal plates is respectively arranged at two sides close to the longitudinal plates, sliding rollers at two sides are respectively arranged between the trolley longitudinal plates and the sliding roller fixing plates at the same side, each group of sliding rollers share a roller shaft, and the roller shafts simultaneously pass through the longitudinal plates and the sliding roller fixing plates at two sides.

The hook plate passes through the bolt fastening on the longitudinal plate lateral surface of both sides to the hook plate of dolly every side divide into the syllogic, including two tip hook plates and the intermediate hook plate that is located between two tip hook plates, the tip hook plate is fixed simultaneously at the tip of roller, has the multiple effect of strengthening fixed roller simultaneously and blocking the roller from the tip, and also has further increase intensity's effect to the tip hook plate.

Further, the moving seat mechanism 2 is provided with two sets of sliding rollers, two hollow reinforcing shaft sleeves are fixed between the two sliding rollers on the same side and between the trolley longitudinal plate and the sliding roller fixing plate on the same side, a longitudinal plate through hole (not shown in the figure) which is communicated with the reinforcing shaft sleeve is formed in the joint of the trolley longitudinal plate and the reinforcing shaft sleeve, a reinforcing shaft is arranged on the limiting vertical plate of the middle hook plate corresponding to the reinforcing shaft sleeve, when the middle hook plate is installed, the reinforcing shaft is aligned to the reinforcing shaft sleeve to penetrate into the reinforcing shaft sleeve, and then the limiting vertical plate is fixed on the trolley longitudinal plate from the outer side through bolts, so that the strength of the middle hook plate is greatly improved. The outside of the spacing riser of middle hook plate still is provided with a plurality of vertical enhancement boards, plays further strengthening effect.

Furthermore, a plurality of longitudinal reinforcing plates and transverse reinforcing plates which are fixedly connected in a staggered mode are arranged between the two sliding roller fixing plates and between the two trolley transverse plates, and meanwhile, transverse reinforcing plates are arranged between the sliding rollers and the reinforcing shaft sleeves on the same side and between the two reinforcing shaft sleeves on the same side.

The inner side of the hook plate (namely the inner side surface of the limit horizontal plate) is also provided with an anti-abrasion layer, and the anti-abrasion layer is made of copper alloy materials, so that the phenomenon of blocking caused by the sliding of the movable seat mechanism 2 on the track mechanism 1 can be effectively avoided due to the special performance of copper.

Corresponding to the stop mechanism on the track mechanism 1, anti-collision seats are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the movable seat mechanism 2. The anti-collision seat is provided with four anti-collision seats, and one anti-collision seat is respectively arranged at two ends of the outer side of each transverse plate so as to respectively correspond to the blocking seats and the vertical stop blocks at two ends of the track mechanism 1, so that when the movable seat mechanism 2 slides to the end part of the track mechanism 1, the movable seat mechanism is effectively blocked and limited, and the limiting purpose is achieved. Further, the length of the anti-collision seat facing to the side of the vertical stop block is greater than that of the anti-collision seat facing to the side of the stop seat, so as to avoid the arm support bracket from being damaged when the movable seat mechanism 2 slides to the limit position of the side of the vertical stop block.

The two ends of the movable seat mechanism 1 are respectively provided with a dustproof scraping plate, and the dustproof scraping plates are fixed on the outer sides of the transverse plates so as to scrape sundries such as dust and mud falling onto the top surfaces of the longitudinal rails on the track mechanism 1.

The movable seat mechanism 2 is provided with a motor mounting seat outwards at any end part, a driving motor is mounted on the motor mounting seat, a rotating shaft of the driving motor faces downwards, a sliding driving gear is mounted at the free end of the rotating shaft, the elevation of the bottom surface of the sliding driving gear is higher than the elevation of the top surfaces of the supporting longitudinal beam and the supporting transverse beam of the track mechanism 1, and when the movable seat mechanism 2 is mounted on the track mechanism 1, the sliding driving gear can be just meshed with the longitudinal moving rack. Further, the motor mounting seat is arranged at one end of the leaning seat so as to avoid interference to other equipment of the trolley.

The motor mounting seat comprises a fixed vertical plate and a fixed transverse plate which are mutually and perpendicularly connected, the fixed vertical plate is fixed on the outer side of the transverse plate through bolts, the sliding driving motor is fixed on the fixed transverse plate, and two sides of the driving fixing seat 26 are also provided with fixed reinforcing plates for connecting the fixed vertical plate and the fixed transverse plate.

The movable seat mechanism 2 further comprises a top plate and a bottom plate, the bottom plate covers the area between the two sliding roller fixing plates, and the top plate integrally covers the area between the two transverse plates and the two longitudinal plates. The middle part of the top plate is provided with a plurality of bolt holes which are annularly arranged and uniformly spaced and used for fixing the large-arm turntable 3.

The movable seat mechanism 2 is also provided with a mud blocking device around, so that concrete is prevented from falling into the machine and onto the guide rail mechanism during working.

The pump pipe guiding mechanism (hose guiding mechanism) drives the pump pipe to move due to the moving seat mechanism 2 in the moving process. If the pump tube is not guided by the guide mechanism, the pump tube may be messy arranged on the carrier mechanism and may interfere with other equipment on the carrier mechanism

Thus, as shown in fig. 57-60, the invention discloses a pump pipe guiding mechanism, which comprises a guiding groove 1001, wherein a guiding moving mechanism is arranged on the guiding groove 1001, the guiding moving mechanism moves reciprocally along the length direction of the guiding groove 1001, a hose is arranged in the guiding groove 1001, bypasses the guiding moving mechanism and is connected to the guiding moving mechanism to move along the guiding groove 1001 along with the guiding moving mechanism. The hose comprises an inner groove section and an outer groove section, wherein the outer groove section winds from the lower part of the guide moving mechanism to the upper part of the guide moving mechanism and is fixed on the guide moving mechanism. The port of the section in the groove is located in the guide groove 1001, the port of the section outside the groove is located above the guide moving mechanism, and the two ends face the same direction, the guide moving mechanism drives the section outside the groove to move along the guide groove 1001, so that the section outside the groove and the section inside the groove are bent relatively to be similar to the shape of a U, and the positions of the two ends of the U, namely the positions of the two ports of the hose, are continuously changed.

When the guiding moving mechanism is connected with the moving seat mechanism 2, the moving trolley drives the guiding moving mechanism to move, so that the positions of two ports of the hose relatively move, when the guiding moving mechanism drives the outer section of the groove to move towards the port of the inner section of the groove, the guiding moving mechanism pulls part of the hose out of the guiding groove 1001, and when the guiding moving mechanism moves back, the pulled hose returns back into the guiding groove 1001. In the process, the lengths of the inner section and the outer section of the groove change with the movement of the guide moving mechanism, the guide moving mechanism drives the outer section of the groove to move towards the port of the inner section of the groove, the length of the inner section of the groove is gradually shortened, the length of the outer section of the groove is gradually lengthened, the guide moving mechanism drives the outer section of the groove to move towards the port of the inner section of the groove in the opposite direction, the length of the inner section of the groove is gradually lengthened, and the length of the outer section of the groove is gradually shortened. During the movement of the guide movement mechanism, the movement track of the hose is fixed, and the guide movement mechanism restricts the portion of the hose fixed thereon from swinging at random, and the guide groove 1001 restricts the portion of the hose therein from swinging at random.

The guide and movement mechanism comprises a guide wheel 1002 and a wheel frame 1003, wherein the guide wheel 1002 is rotatably arranged on the wheel frame 1003 through a rotating shaft, a hose is also connected to the wheel frame 1003, and the guide wheel 1002 is rotatably arranged on the guide groove 1001.

The guide wheel 1002 is disposed below the wheel frame 1003, and the hose is wound from below the wheel frame 1003 to above the wheel frame 1003 and fixed to the wheel frame 1003.

The wheel frame 1003 comprises a connecting pipe 3-2, a hose fixing pipe 3-3 is arranged at the upper end of the connecting pipe 3-2, a guide wheel connecting pipe 3-1 is arranged at the lower end of the connecting pipe, and a guide wheel 1002 is rotatably arranged on the guide wheel connecting pipe 3-1 through a rotating shaft. The hose is fixed to the hose fixing pipe 3-3 by a clip. The movable seat mechanism 2 may be connected to the wheel frame 1003, and further drives the wheel frame 1003 to reciprocate on the guide groove 1001.

The guide groove 1001 is opened upward, and the opening thereof diverges outward, so that the width of the opening is larger than the width of the groove bottom. The guiding moving mechanism can pull out part of the hose more conveniently, so that the phenomenon that the hose blocks the guiding moving mechanism to move is avoided, and meanwhile, when the guiding moving mechanism retreats, the hose is convenient to retract into the guiding groove 1001.

The guide wheel 1002 is disposed at an opening of the guide groove 1001, and an inner side surface of the opening of the guide groove 1001 is a supporting surface of the guide wheel 1002.

The guide groove 1001 comprises a receiving groove and a supporting surface, the supporting surface is arranged at the opening edge of the receiving groove and is inclined outwards, the hose is arranged in the receiving groove, and the rolling surface of the guide wheel 1002 is contacted with the supporting surface line or is contacted with the surface line. In this embodiment, the rolling surface of the guide wheel 1002 is in surface contact with the two hypotenuses of the trapezoid.

The pump pipe guide mechanism can effectively avoid random swing of the hose in the process of following the movement of the mechanical arm, the moving platform or the moving trolley and other moving parts. The hose can not interfere with other structures, abrasion of the hose is reduced, the running reliability of equipment is improved, and the whole device is more attractive. The pump pipe guide mechanism can be used in the field of building construction of tunnels, bridges and the like, and can not be blocked like a drag chain after the guide groove and the guide moving mechanism are fully filled with concrete, and is convenient to clean. The invention has simple structure, wide application, and convenient popularization and use.

For example, the supporting arm is erected into a large arm and an auxiliary arm, the auxiliary arm is arranged on the large arm, the template mechanism is arranged at the end part of the large arm, the large arm controls the template mechanism to be close to or far away from the excavated rock surface, preferably, a template fine-tuning mechanism is arranged between the large arm and the template mechanism, a mold cavity or demolding is formed between the template mechanism and the excavated rock surface, and the spray head assembly is arranged at the end part of the auxiliary arm, so that the auxiliary arm can drive the spray head assembly to spatially displace, angle and direction adjust.

For example, the support arm is erected into two arms, wherein a template mechanism and a spray head assembly are arranged on one large arm, a grouting assembly for vault and leakage repairing is arranged on the other arm, or the template mechanism is arranged on one large arm, the grouting assembly is arranged on the other arm (the grouting assembly comprises a template with a grouting hole, a grouting pipe is inserted into the grouting hole directly), or the template mechanism and the spray head assembly are respectively arranged on the two large arms, and the two arms are bilaterally symmetrical, and are used for spraying construction from two sides of a tunnel to the vault during construction.

For example, the support arm is erected into three arms, and comprises a grouting arm and two mould spray arms, wherein the mould spray arms are large arms and are symmetrically arranged left and right, the end parts of the mould spray arms are respectively provided with a template mechanism and a spray head assembly, the grouting arms are provided with grouting assemblies, or comprise a template arm, a grouting arm and a grouting arm, the template arms are provided with template mechanisms, the spray head assemblies are arranged on the grouting arms, the grouting arms are provided with grouting assemblies, or comprise two template arms and a grouting arm, the template arms are symmetrically arranged left and right, the template arms are provided with template mechanisms, and the spray head assemblies are arranged on the grouting arms.

For example, the support arm is erected into a frame-type mechanism, a track which is arranged along the arch direction of the tunnel is arranged at the top of the support arm frame, a sliding mechanism capable of moving relatively is arranged on the track, and a template mechanism and a spray head assembly are arranged on the sliding mechanism, so that the template mechanism forms a die cavity on the rock surface of the tunnel along with the sliding of the sliding mechanism.

In the various examples described above, the support arm may be a large arm (also known as a large arm mechanism) that may be used to adjust the gap/distance between the sprinkler assembly and the template mechanism to the excavated rock face, thereby allowing control of the overall apparatus. Wherein the large arm or large arm mechanism may employ the following similar or analogous junction structure:

The large arm mechanism comprises a large arm rotary table 3 capable of relatively rotating on a horizontal plane, a rotary large arm 4 capable of relatively rotating on a vertical plane is arranged on the large arm rotary table 3, the front end of the rotary large arm 4 is arranged on the front arm mechanism 5, the template mechanism 8 moves along with the front end of the rotary large arm 4 based on the relative rotation among the rotary large arm 4, the large arm rotary table 3 and a matrix of the large arm mechanism, and the distance and/or the angle between the template mechanism and a rock wall are controlled, so that the template mechanism 8 forms a die cavity with the target rock wall at the target rock wall.

The large arm turntable 3 comprises a turntable frame 31, a horizontal rotating component and a vertical rotating component, the turntable frame 31 is fixed on a carrier mechanism through the horizontal rotating component and can horizontally rotate on the carrier mechanism, and the large rotating arm 4 is installed on the turntable frame 31 through the vertical rotating component and can rotate in a vertical plane by taking the vertical rotating component as a center.

The turntable frame 31 is of an L-shaped structure and comprises a turntable bottom plate 311 and a turntable vertical plate 312, and the horizontal rotation assembly comprises a horizontal large gear 32 and a horizontal rotation driving gear 323 meshed with the horizontal large gear 32. The horizontal large gear 32 includes a second large gear ring 321 and a second ring gear shaft 322, the horizontal large gear 32 is directly fixed to the bolt hole of the top plate by bolts, and the turntable bottom plate 311 is fixed to the second ring gear shaft 322 of the horizontal large gear 32 by bolts. The second large gear ring 321 is provided with uniformly circumferentially spaced bolt connection holes 321a, and the first ring gear shaft 322 is also provided with uniformly circumferentially spaced bolt connection holes 322a.

The horizontal rotation driving gear 323 is installed on a rotation shaft of the horizontal rotation driving motor 324, and the horizontal rotation driving motor 324 is fixed to the turntable base plate 311 downward. The turntable floor 311 includes a motor mounting portion 311a beyond the outer side of the horizontal large gear 32, and the horizontal rotation driving motor 324 is fixed to the motor mounting portion 311a, and the motor mounting portion 311a is connected with the turntable floor 311 main body in a smooth transition.

The vertical rotation assembly includes a vertical large gear 33 and a vertical rotation driving gear 333 engaged with the vertical large gear 33. The vertical large gear 33 further includes a first large gear ring 331 and a first ring gear shaft 332, the first ring gear shaft 332 is fixed on the turntable riser 312, and the swivel large arm 4 is directly fixed on the first large gear ring 331. The first large gear ring 331 and the first ring gear shaft 332 are respectively provided with a plurality of bolt through holes 331a and bolt through holes 332a for fixing at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, that is, the first large gear ring 331 and the rotary large arm 4 are fixedly connected through bolts, and the first ring gear shaft 332 and the turntable riser 312 are fixedly connected through bolts.

The vertical rotation driving gear 333 is mounted on the turntable riser 312 by a vertical rotation driving motor 334. The vertical rotation driving gear 333 has one or more than one, and is distributed around the first large gear ring 331 while being engaged therewith. Further, there are four vertical rotation driving gears 333 symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the first large gear ring 331.

The turntable riser 312 is provided with a fixing operation through hole on the rotating circumference opposite to the bolt through hole 331a on the first large gear ring 331, so that the bolts can be fed from the back of the turntable riser 312 through the fixing operation through hole, and the fixing between the rotary large arm 4 and the first large gear ring 331 is completed.

A plurality of reinforcing risers 313 are also connected between the turntable bottom plate 311 and the turntable risers 312. The back of the turntable riser 312 is provided with pipeline brackets 314 facing to both sides for supporting and fixing the pump pipe.

The rotary big arm 4 is of a telescopic structure, the front arm mechanism 5 is arranged at the front end of the rotary big arm 4, the rear end of the rotary big arm 4 is fixed on the first big gear ring 331 of the big arm turntable 3, and the maximum rotation angle of the rotary big arm 4 in a vertical plane is larger than 240 degrees.

The rotary large arm 4 is of a multi-section structure and stretches and contracts under the control of a hydraulic part. In this embodiment, three segments are included, including a pivoting rear arm 41, a pivoting middle arm 42, and a pivoting front arm 43. The tail end of the rotary rear arm 41 of the rotary large arm 4 is provided with a box type joint 412, a large arm connecting disc 411 is fixed on the box type joint 412, and the large arm connecting disc 411 is provided with a connecting disc bolt through hole 411a corresponding to the bolt through hole 331a on the second large gear ring 321.

The swing rear arm 41 is provided with a pipe clamp 413 in a longitudinal direction for fixing a concrete delivery pipe, a hydraulic pipe, a high-pressure air pipe, and the like. The pipe clamps 413 include two pipe clamps respectively fixed to the front end and the rear end of the side of the pivoting rear arm 41, and each pipe clamp 413 is fixed to the pivoting rear arm through a pipe clamp support 413 a.

The front end of the swing middle arm 42 and the pipe clamp 413 are provided with a hose guide frame 44 on the same side to support the related hose on the swing big arm 4, and similarly, the hose guide frame 44 may be arranged on the swing front arm 43, but the swing front arm 43 and the swing middle arm 42 are preferably not arranged at the same time, because after the swing big arm 4 is integrally recovered, there may be a problem that the related hose clamp 44 is clamped between the two hose guide frames, which affects the complete recovery of the swing front arm 43. The hose guide 44 includes a guide beam 441 and a bracket 442 fixed to the guide beam 441. The bracket 442 may be provided with more than two hoses that are spaced apart for different functions or orientations. Each bracket 442 includes two downward bracket risers 443 fixed to the bracket beam 441 and a bracket cross tube 444 connecting the two bracket risers 443 at the bottom. The bracket standpipe 443 and the bracket transverse tube 444 are respectively sleeved with a bracket roller 445 to reduce friction damage to related hoses and to enable guiding of related hoses to be smoother.

The front end of the rotary front arm 43 is provided with an upward rotary front arm elbow 431, the top surface of the rotary front arm elbow 431 is provided with an upward rotary front arm connecting seat 432, and a plurality of connecting holes 432a are circumferentially and uniformly arranged on the rotary front arm connecting seat 432 at intervals, so that the template mechanism 8 and the spray head assembly 9 can be conveniently installed.

Further, the front end of the swing big arm 4 is connected with a front arm mechanism 5, the template mechanism 8 and the spray head assembly 9 are both arranged on the front arm mechanism 5, and the front arm mechanism 5 is connected with the front end of the swing big arm 4 through a rotating mechanism 51, and specifically can be connected to a swing front arm connecting seat 432, and the template mechanism 8 and the spray head assembly 9 can rotate around the rotating mechanism 51 under the action of the rotating mechanism 51.

The telescopic capacity detection sensor of the rotary large arm is arranged on the rotary large arm, and is arranged on a hydraulic part, and the hydraulic part is a hydraulic oil cylinder and is used for detecting the telescopic capacity of the hydraulic oil cylinder.

In the above supporting arm frame example, the supporting arm is set up as a big arm, a big arm and an auxiliary arm, two arms, three arms or a frame type arm frame structure, wherein when the big arm is used, the structure of the big arm mechanism or the like can be used, in addition, when the non-big arm or the auxiliary arm is adopted, the spray head component, the template mechanism and the like are similar to those in the previous example, for example, the spray head component is connected to the spraying system for spraying concrete, for example, the auxiliary arm can drive the spray head component to move in three dimensions in space, so that the spray head component can be ensured to go deep above the die cavity or spray the concrete.

In the invention, the accelerator and the concrete are required to be mixed and sprayed into the die cavity through the spray head assembly, so that the spray system is required to be set into a set of independent pumping systems (independent spraying systems), or a plurality of pumping systems are arranged in parallel and are connected to the material mixer in a gathering way, wherein in the spray system, a concrete conveying hose/accelerator conveying pipe is arranged on a pump pipe automatic supply mechanism, and the pump pipe automatic supply mechanism can wind and collect or discharge the conveying pipe.

The die spraying agent spraying system comprises a concrete pumping mechanism, an accelerator pumping mechanism, compressed air supply equipment and a material agent mixer, wherein the concrete pumping mechanism is connected with the material agent mixer to send concrete into the material agent mixer, the accelerator pumping mechanism is connected with the material agent mixer to send accelerator into the material agent mixer to be mixed with the concrete, the compressed air supply equipment is connected with the material agent mixer to send compressed air into the material agent mixer, so that the concrete and the accelerator are quickly, fully and uniformly mixed in the material agent mixer and then power is provided for spraying the concrete, and the material agent mixer is connected with a spray head assembly 9. The spray head assembly 9 sprays concrete mixed with accelerator into the mold cavity. As shown in fig. 21, the spray head assembly 9 is disposed at the inlet above the mold cavity.

The material agent mixer II-4 is of a hollow structure, the outlet end of the material agent mixer II-4 is connected with a spray head assembly 9, the inlet end of the material agent mixer II-4 is connected with a concrete pumping mechanism, a plurality of accelerator filling ports are arranged on the side wall of the material agent mixer, and the accelerator filling ports are connected with an accelerator pumping mechanism to enable accelerator and concrete to be mixed in the material agent mixer II-4. The inlet end or the side wall of the material and agent mixer is also provided with a gas filling port, and the gas filling port is connected with compressed air supply equipment.

And a plurality of accelerator filling ports are arranged on the outer wall of the material and agent mixer II-4, and at least two accelerator filling ports are arranged on the material and agent mixer II-4 at equal intervals.

As shown in fig. 25, the accelerator filling ports are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

As shown in FIG. 26, the accelerator filling ports are arranged at intervals in the oblique direction, the interval of the accelerator filling ports is b from the rear section of the front end of the material-agent mixer II-4, the interval of the accelerator filling ports is a in the circumferential direction, and the connecting line of the accelerator filling ports is made to be a spiral line on the side wall of the material-agent mixer II-4.

The concrete pumping mechanism comprises pumping equipment II-1, a feeding pipe II-2 and a hose II-3, wherein the pumping equipment II-1 is connected with the feeding pipe II-2, the feeding pipe II-2 is connected to the inlet end of a material mixer II-4 through the hose II-3, the diameter of the inlet end of the feeding pipe II-2 is equal to that of the outlet end of the pumping equipment II-1, the diameter of the outlet end of the feeding pipe II-2 is equal to that of the inlet end of the hose II-3, and the diameter of the inlet end of the feeding pipe II-2 is larger than that of the outlet end of the feeding pipe II-2.

The conveying pipe II-2 comprises a plurality of diameter-variable hard pipes which are sequentially butted along the extending direction of the conveying pipe II-2, so that the diameter of the inlet end of the conveying pipe II-2 is larger than that of the outlet end of the conveying pipe II-2, and the diameter of each diameter-variable hard pipe is gradually reduced from the inlet end to the outlet end along the extending direction of the conveying pipe II-2.

The diameter of the inlet end of each hard tube is equal to the diameter of the outlet end of the last hard tube along the extending direction of the feeding tube, the diameter of the outlet end of each hard tube is equal to the diameter of the inlet end of the next hard tube, and the butt joint parts of the hard tubes are connected in a pipe clamp or threaded connection mode.

The accelerator pumping mechanism comprises an accelerator storage tank II-7, an accelerator pump and an accelerator filling pipe II-6, wherein an accelerator is stored in the accelerator storage tank II-7, the accelerator pump is configured on the accelerator storage tank II-7, the accelerator pump is connected with the accelerator filling pipe II-6, and the accelerator filling pipe II-6 is connected to an accelerator filling port.

Furthermore, two accelerator storage tanks II-7 are arranged, so that more accelerators can be stored, and meanwhile, the whole trolley can be balanced, thereby achieving the effect of achieving two purposes

The compressed air supply device comprises a gas compressor II-9 and a gas filling pipe II-8, wherein the gas compressor II-9 is connected with a gas filling port on the material agent mixer through the gas filling pipe II-8.

In addition, the setting accelerator can be uniformly mixed with the compressed air before being injected into the material mixer, so that the accelerator can be provided with a certain pressure, can be more fully mixed with the concrete, and can also provide power for the ejection of the concrete. As shown in FIG. 23, the accelerator pumping mechanism is connected with a mixer II-10 to send accelerator into the mixer II-10, the compressed air supply device is connected with the mixer II-10 to send compressed air into the mixer II-10 to mix with accelerator, and the mixer II-10 is connected with a material mixer to send accelerator mixed with compressed air into the material mixer to mix with concrete.

The material agent mixer II-4 is of a hollow structure, the outlet end of the material agent mixer II-4 is connected with a spray head II-5, the inlet end of the material agent mixer II-4 is connected with a concrete pumping mechanism, a plurality of accelerator filling ports are arranged on the side wall of the material agent mixer II-4, the accelerator filling ports are connected with a mixer II-10, and the mixer II-10 is respectively connected with an accelerator pumping mechanism and compressed air supply equipment.

The accelerator pumping mechanism comprises an accelerator storage tank II-7, an accelerator pump (wherein the accelerator can be a liquid accelerator, a powder accelerator, an alkali accelerator or an alkali-free accelerator) and an accelerator filling pipe II-6, the accelerator is stored in the accelerator storage tank II-7, the accelerator storage tank II-7 is provided with the accelerator pump, the accelerator pump is connected with the accelerator filling pipe II-6, the accelerator filling pipe II-6 is connected to a coagulant tank II-10, and the coagulant tank II-10 is connected to an accelerator filling port on a material mixer through a filling pipe II-11.

The compressed air supply device comprises a gas compressor II-9 and a gas filling pipe II-8, wherein the gas compressor II-9 is connected to a flow mixer II-10 through the gas filling pipe II-8, and the flow mixer II-10 is connected to an accelerator filling port on the feed mixer through a filling pipe II-11.

In addition, one or more groups of accelerator filling ports are arranged on the outer wall of the material and agent mixer II-4, wherein the accelerator filling ports of the same group are positioned on the same circumference.

In the case of a set of accelerator filler ports, the accelerator filler ports are equally spaced on the same circumference as shown in fig. 24.

In the case of multiple sets of accelerator filling ports, at least two sets of accelerator filling ports are arranged at equal intervals from the inlet end to the outlet end of the material-agent mixer II-4 and are arranged at equal intervals on the same circumference as the sets of accelerator filling ports, as shown in FIGS. 27 and 28.

In this embodiment, the accelerator filling ports are multiple groups, and any two adjacent groups of accelerator filling ports are aligned or offset on the circumference. As shown in fig. 27, the accelerator filling ports are aligned.

As shown in fig. 28, the accelerator filling ports are arranged in a staggered manner.

In addition, the feeding pipe II-2 comprises a plurality of diameter-variable hard pipes and non-diameter-variable hard pipes, the diameter-variable hard pipes and the non-diameter-variable hard pipes are sequentially connected in a butt joint mode along the extending direction of the feeding pipe II-2, so that the diameter of the inlet end of the feeding pipe II-2 is larger than that of the outlet end of the feeding pipe II-2, and the diameter of each diameter-variable hard pipe is gradually reduced from the inlet end to the outlet end along the extending direction of the feeding pipe II-2.

As shown in FIG. 24, in this embodiment, the feeding tube II-2 includes five sections of rigid tubes, namely, rigid tube one II-21, rigid tube two II-22, rigid tube three II-23, rigid tube four II-24 and rigid tube five II-25, which are sequentially connected, and are steel tubes, wherein rigid tube one II-21 and rigid tube three II-23 are bent tubes, rigid tube one II-21 is a non-reducer tube, an inlet end of the rigid tube one II-21 is connected with the pumping mechanism, an outlet end of the rigid tube one II-21 is connected with the reducer tube two, rigid tube three II-23 is a reducer tube or a non-reducer tube, and rigid tube four II-24 and rigid tube five II-25 are reducer tubes. The diameter of the entire feed tube II-2 decreases in sequence from the inlet end to the outlet end. And the butt joint of each hard pipe is connected through a pipe clamp. The feed tube II-2 has an inlet end connected to the pumping mechanism and an outlet end connected to the spray head assembly 9 via hose II-3. The hose II-3 is a non-reducing pipe.

The present invention may be provided with one or more sets of agent injection systems, each set of agent injection system including one or more pumping mechanisms.

On the basis of the material agent injection system, the accelerator pump is arranged in the accelerator barrel, so that the whole vehicle space is saved;

A sensor is added on the accelerator barrel or a pipeline at the inlet of the accelerator pump to detect whether the accelerator exists or not, so that the pump is prevented from idling when the accelerator does not exist;

The accelerator pump is provided with an accelerator pump abrasion degree detection device for detecting the abrasion condition of the accelerator pump, and when the abrasion is serious, the accelerator pump is maintained or replaced;

The mixer also has a cleaning function, so that the blocking probability of the mixer is reduced. The water pipe and the accelerator pipe are connected on the mixer in parallel, and when the mixer is cleaned, the accelerator is cut off to open the water.

The spray system is connected with a spray head assembly, the spray head comprises a spray head body, a spray head inlet and a spray head outlet which are communicated are arranged on the spray head body, and the opening size of the spray head outlet is larger than that of the spray head inlet, so that concrete which enters the spray head inlet and is columnar is sprayed out in a conical shape which diverges outwards after passing through the spray head outlet. The spray nozzle comprises a spray nozzle body, a spray nozzle inlet, a spray nozzle outlet, a spray nozzle cavity, a spray nozzle hole and a spray nozzle hole, wherein the spray nozzle inlet is arranged at the front end of the spray nozzle body, the spray nozzle outlet is arranged at the rear end of the spray nozzle body, a cavity for communicating the spray nozzle inlet and the spray nozzle outlet is arranged in the spray nozzle body, the caliber of the cavity is gradually increased from the front end to the rear end of the spray nozzle, the radial size of the spray nozzle body can be unchanged from the front end to the rear end of the spray nozzle body to form a cylindrical shape or a prismatic shape, and the radial size of the spray nozzle body can be gradually increased from the front end to the rear end of the spray nozzle body.

The spray head body is conical, the spray head inlet and the spray head outlet are both circular, the diameter of the spray head outlet is larger than that of the spray head inlet, and the cavity in the spray head body is a conical cavity which communicates the spray head inlet with the spray head outlet. Because the size of the outlet opening of the spray head is larger than that of the inlet opening of the spray head, and the cavity in the spray head body is conical, the spray head outlet can spray out in a conical divergent mode, can spread along the width direction and the thickness direction of the die cavity, and can rapidly and fully fill the die cavity.

In addition, the structure can also be adopted, the spray head comprises a spray head body and a plurality of spray pipes, wherein the front end of the spray head body is provided with a spray head inlet, the spray pipes are arranged at the rear end of the spray head body, and concrete enters the spray head body from the spray head inlet and then is sprayed out from the spray pipes.

The spray pipes are arranged in one row or a plurality of rows at the rear end of the spray head body or arranged in a plurality of concentric circles at the rear end of the spray head body.

When the spray pipes are arranged in one or more rows, the spray pipes are gradually bent outwards from the center of each row to the two ends of each row, and the bending radian is gradually increased, so that part of concrete is sprayed from the spray pipes towards the two ends of each row, namely towards the width direction of the die cavity, and part of concrete is sprayed forwards. Because each row of spray pipes is gradually bent outwards at two ends, a plurality of bent pipes are combined together, so that the concrete is sprayed out in a sector shape.

When the spray pipes are arranged into a plurality of concentric circles, the spray pipes are gradually outwards bent like petals from the circles outwards, and the bending radian is larger at the edge. Under the guiding action of the spray pipes, the concrete is sprayed outwards in a conical shape.

In this embodiment, the concrete is directed by bending the nozzle so that the concrete is sprayed in a designated area, rather than being concentrated in one area. So that the concrete can be filled in every corner of the mould cavity quickly and fully. Ensuring the filling effect and the filling speed.

In addition, can also adopt this kind of structure, the shower nozzle includes the shower nozzle body, be equipped with shower nozzle import and the shower nozzle export of intercommunication on the shower nozzle body, the shower nozzle export is the platykurtic, the opening width of shower nozzle export cross-section is greater than the opening height, makes the concrete spread to opening width direction after the shower nozzle export blowout. The width of the opening of the nozzle inlet section is equal to the height of the opening of the nozzle inlet section, the width of the opening of the nozzle outlet section is larger than the width of the opening of the nozzle inlet section, and the height of the opening of the nozzle outlet section is smaller than the height of the opening of the nozzle inlet section. The spray nozzle inlet is positioned at the front end of the spray nozzle body, and the spray nozzle outlet is positioned at the rear end of the spray nozzle body; the utility model discloses a shower nozzle, including shower nozzle, front end, back end, high taper, inner cavity, shower nozzle import and shower nozzle export are through the cavity intercommunication in the shower nozzle body, the shower nozzle body is from front end to back end, and its width is crescent, and its inner cavity width also is crescent, and inner cavity height also is tapered. The cross section of the nozzle inlet is circular, and the cross section of the nozzle outlet is elliptical, rectangular or strip-shaped. The spray head body comprises a connecting section and a flat nozzle, wherein a spray head inlet is positioned at the front end of the connecting section, a spray head outlet is positioned at the rear end of the nozzle, the rear end of the connecting section is connected with the front end of the nozzle, the shape and the size of the outlet of the connecting section are matched with those of the inlet of the nozzle, and the connecting section and the nozzle are integrally formed or detachably connected. The width and the height of the connecting section 1 are gradually reduced from the front end to the rear end, the width and the height of the cavity in the front end and the rear end of the connecting section in the connecting section are also gradually reduced, the width of the nozzle is gradually increased from the front end to the rear end, the height of the cavity in the nozzle, which is communicated with the front end and the rear end of the nozzle, is gradually reduced, and the cavity height is also gradually reduced.

The opening width of the section of the outlet of the spray nozzle is larger than the opening height, so that concrete is sprayed out from the outlet of the spray nozzle and then spreads in the width direction, and when the spray nozzle is applied to the die cavity on a tunnel for spraying, the concrete can be dispersed in the die cavity and distributed towards the two sides of the die cavity as much as possible, so that the concrete can be quickly, fully and uniformly filled in the die cavity and the corners of the die cavity, and as shown in figure 3, the spray nozzle can prevent the material from being fully concentrated in the middle part of the width direction of the die cavity, so that the uneven distribution of the concrete in the die cavity can influence the shape and the bearing effect of the concrete support layer. The spray head can enable concrete to be filled in the die cavity and the corners of the die cavity rapidly.

The spray nozzle outlet can be further provided with a guide plate, and the guide plate is used for changing the spraying direction of the concrete sprayed from the spray nozzle outlet. One side of the guide plate is in butt joint with one side of the nozzle outlet, so that the radian of the plate surface of the guide plate is consistent with that of the butt joint edge of the nozzle outlet. The included angle between the surface of the guide plate and the end face of the nozzle outlet is 60-120 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees or 120 degrees can be adopted when the guide plate is used, and the preferable range is 85 degrees. The tunnel is arched, so that a certain inclination angle exists between the die cavity and the rock wall, when the ordinary spray head is adopted to spray the concrete into the die cavity, the concrete slurry can directly impact the rock wall, and when the guide plate is arranged at the outlet, the guide plate is positioned above and the notch is positioned below, when the concrete is sprayed out of the outlet, the concrete can impact the guide plate and then rebound downwards, the phenomenon that the rock wall is damaged due to overlarge impact pressure of the concrete is avoided, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the concrete is too divergent when sprayed out is avoided, and then the concrete flows out from the upper end of the die cavity. The angle between the guide plate and the end face of the nozzle is adjusted, namely, the angle of the guide plate buckled in the outlet of the spray head is adjusted, so that concrete can be better sprayed in the appointed direction, and the impact on the rock wall is avoided.

A divider may also be disposed within the nozzle outlet, the divider dividing the nozzle outlet into a plurality of independent orifices. The partition piece divides the spray nozzle outlet into a plurality of round hole nozzles.

In addition, in order to enable the spray head assembly/spray head to be matched with the template/die cavity for concrete spraying, the spray head assembly needs to be finely adjusted before spraying or during spraying, and therefore a spray head fine adjustment mechanism can be arranged, wherein the spray head fine adjustment mechanism comprises a spray head pitching fine adjustment mechanism and a spray head rotating fine adjustment mechanism, the spray head assembly is connected to the spray head pitching fine adjustment mechanism and/or the spray head rotating fine adjustment mechanism, the spray head pitching fine adjustment mechanism can adjust the pitching angle/direction of the spray head assembly, the spray head rotating fine adjustment mechanism can adjust the rotating angle/direction of the spray head assembly, and the spray head pitching fine adjustment mechanism and the spray head rotating fine adjustment mechanism are mutually connected and matched to adjust the angle/direction of the spray head assembly relative to the die cavity. To ensure the effect and quality of the spray casting.

The fine tuning mechanism further comprises a spray head fixing seat 7, the rotary fine tuning mechanism is fixed on the spray head fixing seat 7, the pitching fine tuning mechanism and the spray head assembly 9 are arranged on the rotary fine tuning mechanism, and the pitching fine tuning mechanism and the spray head assembly 9 integrally rotate under the action of the rotary fine tuning mechanism. The pitching fine adjustment mechanism is arranged as an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism to adjust the front-back angle/direction of the spray head assembly 9 relative to the die cavity, and the rotating fine adjustment mechanism is arranged as an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism to adjust the left-right angle/direction of the spray head assembly relative to the die cavity.

Further, the rotation fine adjustment mechanism is set as a rotation cylinder 73, a nozzle support plate 74 is fixed on a rotating shaft of the rotation cylinder 73, the pitch fine adjustment mechanism is a pitch cylinder 60075, the pitch cylinder 60075 is hinged on the nozzle support plate 74, a piston rod 752 of the pitch cylinder 60075 is hinged with a nozzle assembly 9, and the nozzle assembly 9 is hinged on the nozzle support plate 74 (in particular to a hinge support 741 at the lower end), so that the pitch cylinder 60075 controls the pitch angle/direction of the nozzle assembly 9.

The spray head fine adjustment mechanism comprises a pitching fine adjustment mechanism and a rotating fine adjustment mechanism, wherein the spray head assembly 9 is connected to the pitching fine adjustment mechanism and/or the rotating fine adjustment mechanism, the pitching fine adjustment mechanism can adjust the pitching angle/direction of the spray head assembly 9, the rotating fine adjustment mechanism can adjust the rotating angle/direction of the spray head assembly 9, the pitching fine adjustment mechanism is connected with the rotating fine adjustment mechanism and matched with the rotating fine adjustment mechanism, and the angle/direction of the spray head assembly 9 relative to a die cavity is adjusted so as to ensure the effect and quality of spray casting.

The template and the template mechanism are matched with a rock surface and a steel arch to form a die cavity, so the template mechanism can be set as a plate template, a combined template, a side template, an electromagnetic template, an air bag type template, a belt template and/or a chain plate type template.

The template (also known as a flat template) comprises a template 81, a template rotation adjusting mechanism and/or a template pitching adjusting mechanism, wherein the surface of the template 81 is provided with an arc-shaped surface, the template 81 is arranged on the template rotation adjusting mechanism and/or the template pitching adjusting mechanism, the rotation angle of the template 81 can be adjusted by the rotation adjusting mechanism, and the pitching angle of the template 81 can be adjusted by the template pitching adjusting mechanism. The template 81 is hinged on the template support, the template support 85 is connected with a template pitching adjusting mechanism, and the template pitching adjusting mechanism is connected to the template 81, so that the pitching angle of the template 81 relative to the template support 85 can be adjusted by the template pitching adjusting mechanism. The hinge point of the template support 85 and the template 81 and the connection point of the template pitching angle adjusting mechanism and the template 81 are all positioned on different heights in the same vertical direction of the template 81, and the template pitching angle adjusting mechanism is an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism.

Further, the template pitching angle adjusting mechanism is set as a template pitching oil cylinder 86, a cylinder body 861 of the template pitching oil cylinder 86 is hinged on a template support 85, a piston rod 862 of the template pitching oil cylinder is hinged on the template 81, and a hinge point of the piston rod 862 and the template 81 is positioned below a hinge point of the template support 85 and the template 81, so that the expansion and contraction of the template pitching oil cylinder 86 controls the pitching angle of the template 81 relative to the template support 85.

The template support 85 is connected to the forearm mechanism 5 through a template rotation adjusting mechanism, so that the rotation angle of the template 81 can be adjusted by the template rotation adjusting mechanism. The template rotation adjusting mechanism is a gear mechanism which is meshed with each other, and the gear mechanism enables the template support 85 and the forearm mechanism 5 to rotate relatively by a certain angle, so that the rotation angle of the template can be adjusted. The template rotation adjusting mechanism is not specifically shown in the figure, but the existing rotating mechanism can be applied to the position so as to realize the rotation control of the template support 85 by taking the axis of the forearm mechanism as the center line, so that the control of the template mechanism 8 is more accurate, and the adaptability to the working condition is stronger. The specific implementation of the template rotation adjustment mechanism may refer to the rotary cylinder 73 of the nozzle tip fine adjustment mechanism, and is a specific implementation.

The arc surface of the template 81 has the same radian as that of the steel arches arranged in the tunnel, and when the template is attached to more than two adjacent steel arches, more than one die cavity is formed between the template 81 and the steel arches including the rock wall. The surface of the form 81 is provided with a spacer 811, the spacer 811 being interposed between the concrete and the surface of the form 81 when the concrete is injected into the mould cavity so that the concrete does not directly contact the surface of the form 81.

The template mechanism 8 comprises a template 81, transverse reinforcing rib plates 82 and longitudinal reinforcing rib plates 83 which are arranged on the back surface of the template 81 in a staggered mode, wherein the radian of the template 81 is the same as that of a steel arch, and more than two adjacent steel arches are clung to each other through the outer plate surface of the template 81. The purpose of this arrangement is that when the form 81 covers two adjacent rows of steel arches in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel at the same time, a transverse mold cavity to be sprayed and poured can be formed between the form 81 and the two rows of steel arches, when the form 81 covers a plurality of adjacent steel arches, a plurality of transverse mold cavities can be formed at the same height, and then the form mechanism 8 can form a larger sprayable pouring area when moving upwards once from the bottom of the steel arches, so that the construction efficiency of the spraying and pouring of the mold can be effectively improved.

The template mechanism 8 and the spray head assembly 9 are simultaneously mounted on the forearm mechanism 5, and the spray head assembly 9 is located above the template mechanism 8. Therefore, the spraying direction of the wet spraying nozzle can be ensured to be sprayed from the top of the transverse die cavity, so that the spraying pouring quality is ensured.

The back of the template 81 is provided with a first hinge support 84, and the first hinge support 84 is connected with a template support 85 and can be fixedly connected with the forearm mechanism through the template support 85.

The template support 85 comprises a support elbow, a support connecting plate and a template connecting seat, wherein the support connecting plate is fixed at the horizontal top end of the support elbow, is consistent with the shape of the forearm connecting plate 53, and is connected with the forearm connecting plate through bolts.

The template connecting seat comprises a template horizontal seat plate and a template vertical seat plate, the template horizontal seat plate is fixed at the vertical bottom end of the support elbow, and the template vertical seat plate is fixed at two sides of the template horizontal seat plate and is connected with the template hinge support 84 through a rotating shaft.

A template pitching cylinder 86 is also connected between the back of the template 81 and the template support 85, and is used for adjusting the pitching angle of the template mechanism 8.

A cylinder body hinged support 854 is arranged between the two vertical base plates of the template at the bottom of the horizontal base plate of the template to be connected with a cylinder body 861 of the template pitching cylinder 86, and a hinged support II 87 of the template pitching cylinder 86 is arranged at the back of the template 81 and below the hinged support I84 to be connected with a piston rod 862 of the template pitching cylinder 86. Further, the second hinge support 87 is arranged on the template 81

The seat plate of the template hinge support 84 is integrally formed with two longitudinal reinforcing ribs 83 located at the center.

And seat plate reinforcing rib plates are arranged on the side surfaces of the seat plates of all the hinge supports.

The interlayer 811 arranged on the outer surface of the template 81 is a replaceable wear-resistant plastic layer, so that the replacement can be very convenient.

In practical use, the template mechanism 8 can be manufactured into finished products with different sizes and specifications, and can be used for different construction sites to meet different customer requirements. Specifically, the template mechanism 8 can be manufactured into one truss (two adjacent steel arches can be covered simultaneously), two trusses (three adjacent steel arches can be covered simultaneously) or three trusses (four adjacent steel arches can be covered simultaneously) and more, and all the template mechanisms 8 are provided with the template support 85, and the template support 85 can be conveniently connected and fixed with the forearm connecting plate of the forearm mechanism 5, so that the replacement operation of the template mechanism 8 is convenient and quick.

The mould spraying method can realize zero rebound, can reduce the concrete consumption by 20% -40% in the same operation range, simultaneously reduces the consumption of accelerator, has obvious economic benefit and social benefit, has high surface smoothness, does not need post shaping, shortens the construction period, greatly improves the production efficiency, has good construction safety, and greatly improves the construction safety by remotely controlling the mechanical construction in the whole process.

The specific structure of the template in the template mechanism is described, the template comprises a template 81, the edge profile of the template 81 is rectangular, and the working surface of the template 81 is set to be a cambered surface with the middle protruding outwards, so that the cambered profile of the working surface is in the length direction of the template body. The radian of the working surface of the template 81 in the length direction is set to be matched with the radian of the steel arch in the tunnel. Or the working surface of the template 81 is an arc surface, and the arc surface is arranged along the length direction of the template 81. The non-working surface of the template 81 is also provided with a first hinge support 84 connected with the control frame and a second hinge support 87 connected with the pitching angle adjusting mechanism, and the second hinge support 87 and the first hinge support 84 are positioned at different heights in the same vertical direction of the template. Further, the second hinge support 87 of the template is located below the first hinge support 84.

The working surface of the form is provided with a spacer 811, the spacer 811 being positioned between the concrete and the surface of the form when the concrete is sprayed into the cavity so that the concrete does not directly contact the surface of the form. The interlayer 811 is made of flexible plastic, and a interlayer continuous replacement mechanism is further arranged on the template.

The upper and lower ends of the form are respectively provided with a release reel and a recovery reel of plastic spacers, the length of the plastic spacers 811 is longer than the height of the form and not smaller than the width of the form, the plastic spacers 811 are wound on the release reel and wound on the recovery reel after being wound from the front surface of the form, the recovery reel is connected with a driving device (not shown in the figure and can be provided as a rotary cylinder) so that the recovery reel automatically rotates to recover damaged plastic spacers, and the release reel is provided with an automatic locking mechanism (not shown in the figure) capable of automatically locking the plastic spacers before the surface of the form after being updated.

Furthermore, the templates are of a combined structure and are formed by connecting a plurality of single templates in a foldable/turnover way in the transverse/longitudinal direction, and any two adjacent single templates are arranged at intervals or are connected together through hinging.

The invention also discloses a mould spraying method for constructing the tunnel supporting layer by using the template, which comprises the following steps:

S1, controlling a template mechanism and a spray head assembly to be close to a target rock wall of a tunnel by a large arm mechanism, and adjusting the angle of a template body relative to the rock wall through a template pitching oil cylinder so that the template body, a rock surface and other accessory mechanisms/accessory structures are matched to form a die cavity for pouring;

S2, adjusting the front-back position and the transverse position of the spray head assembly relative to the die cavity through the spray head displacement mechanism on the die plate mechanism to enable the spray head assembly to be positioned right above the die cavity, and then adjusting the pitching angle and the transverse angle of the spray head assembly relative to the die cavity through the spray head fine adjustment mechanism to enable the spray head assembly to face a pouring opening at the top of the die cavity in an optimal angle;

S3, starting a material agent spraying system, conveying concrete to a spray head assembly, and spraying the concrete into a die cavity by a nozzle of the spray head assembly until the pouring of the die cavity is completed;

And S4, when the concrete in the die cavity is solidified, the die plate mechanism is disconnected and moves upwards along the rock wall of the tunnel, a new die cavity is formed according to the method of the step S1, the bottom of the die plate is overlapped with the solidified concrete adjacent to the lower part, the bottom of the new die cavity is closed by the solidified concrete, and the steps S2 and S3 are repeated, so that pouring of the new die cavity is completed.

S5, repeating the step S4 to finish the pouring of the support layer mould spraying of the wall of the section Shan Ceyan from bottom to top;

Alternatively, the left side wall is sprayed with a section and then the right side wall is sprayed with a section, and then the right side wall is sprayed with a section and then the left side wall is sprayed with a right side and then the left side wall is sprayed with a section and then the right side wall is sprayed with a section and finally the left side wall is sprayed with a vault.

And S6, simultaneously turning the template mechanism and the spray head assembly to the other side of the same section of the tunnel, and repeating the steps S1-S5 to finish the pouring of the rock wall on the other side of the section.

And S7, overlapping the tunnel with the support concrete layer poured on the left side wall and the right side wall of Duan Ci at the top of the tunnel, supporting and strickling the tunnel by using a template after filling up the overlapping part, and integrally finishing the mould spraying pouring of the tunnel profile of the section.

And after the mould spraying pouring of the section rock wall is completed, repeating the steps SI-S7, and continuously carrying out mould spraying pouring towards the depth of the tunnel.

The steel arches are arranged on the rock wall at intervals, and the templates are attached to more than two adjacent steel arches, so that a die cavity to be poured is formed among the templates, the rock wall, the steel arches and the bottom surface of the tunnel or the adjacent lower part solidified concrete.

In the process of forming the first layer of die cavity at the bottom of each section of the secondary rock wall of the tunnel, the bottom of the template is contacted with the bottom of the tunnel, so that the bottom of the tunnel is sealed to the bottom of the first layer of die cavity.

According to the distance between the target rock wall and the large arm turntable, the template mechanism and the spray head assembly are initially adjusted by the telescopic action of the rotary large arm and the rotation control of the large arm turntable vertical rotation assembly so as to approach the target rock wall.

When a transverse included angle exists between the template and the rock wall, the forearm mechanism is controlled by the rotating mechanism to rotate slowly with the template until the template is parallel to the target rock wall, so as to compensate the included angle between the template and the rock wall.

After the single-side rock wall mold spraying of Duan Ci is completed, the rotary large arm, the spray head assembly and the template mechanism are driven to rotate to the other side for mold spraying pouring under the action of the horizontal rotating assembly of the large arm rotary table.

After the integral mould spraying pouring of the rock wall of one section is completed, the large arm mechanism, the template mechanism on the large arm mechanism and the spray head assembly are moved longitudinally into the tunnel through the sliding of the movable seat mechanism of the sliding mechanism, so that the longitudinal position of the large arm mechanism in the tunnel is suitable for the mould spraying pouring of the next rock wall section.

When the movable seat mechanism slides to the end of the track mechanism and is combined with the rotation compensation of the large arm turntable, the rotation compensation of the large arm turntable and the rotation compensation accumulation of the rotation mechanism can not enable the template and the next section of rock wall to form a castable mold cavity, the movable seat mechanism can be retreated to the initial position of the track mechanism and the trolley can be moved forwards once.

As the template mechanism moves upward, the included angle between the template and the forearm mechanism is continuously reduced, which results in an increased distance between the top of the template mechanism and the spray head assembly, and the longitudinal slide of the spray head can be correspondingly adjusted to slide forward relative to the forearm mechanism, so that the distance between the spray head assembly and the newly formed mold cavity is maintained within a proper range.

In the process of continuously spraying the spray head assembly to the die cavity, the spray head fixing seat continuously moves left and right transversely on the transverse moving arm, so that the spray head assembly on the spray head fixing seat continuously moves left and right at the top of the die cavity.

In the continuous injection process of the nozzle component to the die cavity, when the nozzle component moves to two sides close to the die cavity, the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism controls the nozzle component to rotate left and right at a small angle so as to ensure the concrete pouring quality of the die cavity at the joint of the inner side of the steel arch and avoid hollowing at the joint.

In addition, besides the construction method, a plurality of mold cavities can be formed at one time through one mold plate body or a plurality of mold plate bodies, and each mold cavity is provided with a spray head assembly for spraying concrete into the mold cavity. It is also possible to spray concrete into a plurality of cavities one by one.

The template body of the invention can be provided with a vibration mechanism to realize the simultaneous spraying and vibration of the concrete, so that the concrete is more compact in the die cavity.

The template and the agent injection system of the present invention may also be separately provided on two separate carriers forming two devices. The construction of the support layer is realized through the cooperation of the two devices.

In addition, the template body can be arranged on a foldable multi-section template, and after the multi-section template is unfolded by folding, a plurality of die cavities can be formed between two steel arches. The left side wall, the right side wall and the top of the tunnel are directly covered with the die cavity. And the construction speed is improved.

In addition, the template mechanism can also adopt a combined template, and the invention also provides another template mechanism and a construction method by using the template mechanism.

29-41, The combined template mechanism comprises a template group, wherein the template group is formed by connecting more than two single templates in a horizontal and/or vertical folding way, an integral template formed by unfolding the template group can be matched with an excavated rock surface to form at least one die cavity, the template group is connected to a frame/carrier, and an opening and closing control mechanism is arranged between the single templates of the template group.

Further, the template group is formed by more than two single templates which are connected in a foldable/folding way in the transverse direction, the adjacent single templates are mutually hinged and connected through an opening and closing control mechanism, and the opening and closing control mechanism can adjust the opening and closing between the adjacent single templates. The opening and closing control mechanism is set as a lateral oil cylinder 4006, the cylinder body and the piston rod of the lateral oil cylinder 4006 are respectively hinged on two adjacent templates, and the template group is connected to the frame/carrier through a template support 4004. The template group also comprises a pitching angle adjusting mechanism and/or a rotating angle adjusting mechanism, wherein the rotating angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the rotating angle of the template, and the pitching angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the pitching angle of the template.

The template support 4004 can be hinged with any single template, the pitching angle adjusting mechanism is set to be a template pitching oil cylinder 4005, the cylinder body of the template pitching oil cylinder 4005 is hinged with the template support 4004, and the piston rod of the cylinder body is hinged with the single template connected with the template support, so that the template pitching oil cylinder 4005 stretches and contracts to control the pitching angle of the template.

The template mechanism is connected with the frame/carrier through a forearm mechanism, the template group is connected to the forearm mechanism, and the forearm mechanism is connected with the template support through a rotation adjusting mechanism (not shown in the figure) to control the rotation angle of the template group.

In addition, the combined type template can also have the following structure that the template group is formed by more than two single templates which are connected in a folding way in the transverse direction, the adjacent single templates are mutually hinged and are connected through an opening and closing control mechanism, and the opening and closing control mechanism can adjust the opening and closing of the adjacent single templates. The side form mechanism 4003 is arranged at the transverse edge part of the single form at the two ends of the form group, the side form mechanism 4003 comprises a side form component, and the side form component can stretch in the direction vertical to the connected single form to be attached to the excavation surface of the tunnel, so that the form group, the excavation rock surface and the side form mechanism can be mutually matched to form a mold cavity.

The side template assembly is formed by arranging a plurality of side template units 4031 in the vertical direction, and each side template unit 4031 is respectively connected with a telescopic mechanism, so that any side template unit can independently and telescopically move.

The side die mechanism further comprises a side die support 4032, the side die support 4032 is fixed at the transverse edge of the connected single die plate, the side die support 4032 is perpendicular to the connected single die plate, and the side die plate unit 4031 is attached to the side face of the transverse edge of the side die mechanism and is placed in the side die support to relatively stretch and retract.

The side template unit 4031 comprises an inner stroke frame 4311, a side template cover 4312 and a telescopic mechanism, wherein the side template cover 4312 is slidably sleeved on the inner stroke frame 4311, the telescopic mechanism is an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism, and is connected with the side template cover and the inner stroke frame and controls the side template cover to slide on the inner stroke frame.

In addition, the combined template can also have a structure that the template group comprises a main template 4001, a secondary template 4002, a side template mechanism 4003, a template support 4004, a pitching oil cylinder 4005, a side oil cylinder 4006 and a hinged support 4007, wherein the main template 4001 is hinged on the template support 4004, and the two lateral sides of the main template 4001 are respectively hinged with the secondary template 4002. The lateral oil cylinder 4006 is used as an opening and closing control mechanism and is arranged on the middle template and respectively connected with and controls the opening and closing of the two auxiliary templates 4002, so that an integral template group formed by the three templates is matched with an excavated rock surface to form 1 or more die cavities.

That is, the die plate group is constituted by three single die plates, which are connected so as to be foldable/folded in the lateral direction, and are respectively a main die plate 4001 in the middle and sub die plates 4002 located on both sides of the main die plate. The combined template mechanism can integrally cover more than two adjacent steel arches erected on a tunneling surface at any height, a main template 4001 and a secondary template 4002 are hinged together through a hinged support 4007, piston rods of lateral oil cylinders 4006 are connected with the secondary template 4002 through hinged supports 4021, lateral oil cylinder hinged support plates 4013 which vertically protrude out of the main template 4001 are respectively arranged on the back of two sides of the main template 4001, a cylinder body of the lateral oil cylinder 4006 is connected with the lateral oil cylinder hinged support plates 4013 through hinged supports 4014, and therefore the lateral included angle between the secondary template 4002 and the main template 4001 can be controlled by controlling the extension and the retraction of the piston rods of the lateral oil cylinders 4006, so that the combined template mechanism integrally closely adheres the steel arches forming a die cavity in a section to be sprayed.

The width of the main template 4001 is larger than that of the auxiliary template 4002, and the width of the main template 4001 is also larger than the distance between the outer sides of two adjacent steel arches, so that three template groups can adapt to the fluctuation among a plurality of steel arches, and the occurrence probability of gaps between the template groups and the steel arches is reduced as much as possible.

The template group includes a main template 4001 and two auxiliary templates 4002 that are located main template both sides altogether, and its overall width can cover four adjacent steel arches in succession for form three die cavities that wait to pour between template group and the four steel arches, when the tunnel excavation face from down upwards remove the template group like this, just can spray the pouring to three die cavities that transversely continue simultaneously once removing, certainly improved the efficiency of construction of spouting by a wide margin. The template group is designed into a combined structure mainly because the steel arches laid in the tunnel after excavation are not strictly positioned in the same plane, if only a single large-span main template is used for covering a plurality of steel arches (such as more than three steel arches), a closed die cavity can not be formed between the main template and the steel arches to the greatest extent, so that gaps are formed at part of the joint positions, and further, concrete can leak outwards in the spraying process. And adopt the template group structure of combination, can carry out angle adjustment in certain within range between main template 4001 and the auxiliary template 4002, main template 4001 can carry out complete laminating with two steel arches of center department, simultaneously through the angle between auxiliary template 4002 and the main template 4001 of adjustment both sides, also can furthest let steel arch and the good laminating of the auxiliary template formation in outside, reduced the probability that the gap appears, reduced the leakage loss volume of concrete, improved the construction quality of spouting.

The front surfaces of the main template 4001 and the auxiliary template 4002 are cambered surfaces, the radian of the front surfaces is the same as or similar to that of a steel arch as far as possible, transverse reinforcing rib plates 4015 and longitudinal reinforcing rib plates 4016 are arranged on the back of the main template 4001 in a staggered mode, and transverse reinforcing rib plates 4022 and longitudinal reinforcing rib plates 4023 are arranged on the back of the auxiliary template 4002 in a staggered mode so as to enhance the integral strength of the main template 4001 and the auxiliary template 4002.

The back of the main template 4001 is hinged with a template support 4004, and can be connected with a carrier, such as a rotary large arm of a die spraying trolley, through the template support 4004. The main template 4001 is further provided with a pitching oil cylinder 4005, and two ends of the pitching oil cylinder 4005 are respectively hinged with the template support 4004 and the back of the main template 4001 and are used for adjusting the whole pitching angle of the template group.

Specifically, the back of the main template 4001 is provided with a template hinge support 4011, and the template hinge support 4011 is connected with a template support 4004, and can be fixedly connected with a rotary large arm through the template support 4004. The template support 4004 comprises a support elbow 4041, a support connecting plate 4042 and a template connecting seat 4043, wherein the support connecting plate 4042 is fixed at the horizontal top end of the support elbow 4041 so as to facilitate the connection of a rotary large arm. The template connecting seat 4043 comprises a template horizontal seat plate 4043a and a template vertical seat plate 4043b, wherein the template horizontal seat plate 4043a is fixed at the vertical bottom end of the support elbow 4041, and the template vertical seat plate 4043b is fixed at two sides of the template horizontal seat plate 4043a and is connected with the template hinge support 4011 through a rotating shaft. A cylinder hinge support 4044 is provided between the two vertical die plates 4043b at the bottom of the horizontal die plate 4043a to connect the cylinder of the pitch cylinder 4005, and a piston rod hinge support 4012 of the pitch cylinder 4005 is provided at the back of the main die plate 4001 below the die plate hinge support 4011 to connect the piston rod of the pitch cylinder 4005. Therefore, when the die spraying trolley drives the die plate group to move to different heights on the steel arch through the rotary large arm, the pitching angle of the whole die plate group can be freely adjusted by controlling the piston rod of the pitching oil cylinder 4005 to stretch out and draw back, so that the bonding between the die plate group and the steel arch is in the best state, and the best die spraying effect is realized.

Preferably, the seat board of the template hinge support 4011 and the two longitudinal reinforcing rib boards positioned in the center are integrally formed, seat board reinforcing rib boards are arranged on the side faces of the seat boards of all the above-mentioned hinge supports, a layer of wear-resistant plastic interlayer is arranged on the outer side surfaces of the main template 4001 and the auxiliary template 4002 so as to form effective protection on the surfaces of the template groups, and when the wear-resistant plastic interlayer does not meet the surface quality requirement, the replacement can be very convenient.

In addition, the combined template can be further structured in such a way that on the basis of the embodiment 3, side template mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the template group formed by the three templates (namely, the free side ends of the auxiliary templates on two sides), the side template mechanism 4003 for concrete spraying comprises a side template support 4032 and a telescopic side template assembly, the side template support 4032 is fixed on the edge part of the connected template, the side template assembly is arranged on the side template support 4032 and can stretch in the direction perpendicular to the connected template, and the stretched side template assembly can be propped against the excavated rock surface of the tunnel, so that the excavated rock surface, the templates and the side template assembly can be mutually matched to form a die cavity.

The sideform assembly is comprised of a plurality of serially arranged sideform units 4031, each sideform unit 4031 being independently retractable. The side template unit 4031 comprises an inner stroke frame 4311, a side template cover 4312 and a telescopic mechanism, wherein the side template cover 4312 is slidably sleeved on the inner stroke frame 4311, and the telescopic mechanism is provided as an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism and is used for controlling the side template cover 4312 to slide on the inner stroke frame. Further, the telescopic mechanism is configured as a telescopic cylinder 4313, a cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 4313 is connected to the inner stroke frame 4311, a piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 4313 is connected to the side die cover 4312, and the side die cover 4312 is controlled to slide relative to the inner stroke frame 4311 by the telescopic of the piston rod. The telescopic cylinder 4313 is arranged in the inner stroke frame 4311, and a plurality of sliding blocks 4314 are uniformly arranged between the inner stroke frame 4311 and the side mold cover 4312 at intervals. The sliding blocks 4314 are installed on the outer side surfaces of the inner stroke frame 4311, a sliding block installation groove 4314a is formed in the installation position of each sliding block 4314 of the inner stroke frame 4311, and the sliding blocks 4314 are fixed in the sliding block installation grooves 4314a through bolts. The sliding block 4314 is made of a polytetrafluoroethylene plate, and the sliding block 4314 made of the polytetrafluoroethylene plate has the characteristics of high strength and low friction coefficient, so that the sliding between the side die cover 4312 and the inner stroke frame 4311 is smooth, and the problem of high friction resistance caused by direct contact between metals is avoided. Meanwhile, the sliding block group formed by the sliding blocks 4314 has smaller contact area with the inner surface of the side mold cover 4312, so that the friction resistance is further reduced. The inner stroke frame 4311 and the side die cover 4312 are both in hollow rectangular structures, a longitudinal inner stroke frame opening and a longitudinal side die cover opening are respectively arranged on the same side, a fixing seat 4315 is arranged in the inner stroke frame, a cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 4313 is arranged on the fixing seat 4315, and the fixing seat 4315 is connected with the side die support 4032 on one side of the opening of the inner stroke frame 4311. Further, the front end and the rear end of the inner stroke frame 4311 are respectively provided with a fixed seat 4315, and cylinder mounting holes 4315b are formed in the front end fixed seat and the rear end fixed seat, and the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 4313 is fixed on the fixed seat 4315 through the cylinder mounting holes 4315 b. Specifically, a plurality of evenly spaced cylinder connection screw holes 4315c are provided around the circumference of the cylinder through hole 315b of the front end fixing base 4315, and a cylinder connection seat plate 4313a is provided at the front end portion of the side mold cylinder body and is fixed with the front end fixing base 4315 by bolts. The bottom of the fixing base 4315 is of a convex structure and is fixed on the inner surface of the inner stroke frame 4311, the top of the fixing base 4315 extends out of the inner stroke frame opening of the inner stroke frame 4311 and is provided with a fixed transverse plate 4315a, and the inner stroke frame 4311 is connected with the side die support 4032 through the fixed transverse plate 4315 a.

The inner cavity of the inner stroke frame 4311 is uniformly provided with a plurality of U-shaped reinforcing rib plates 4316 at intervals to enhance the overall strength of the inner stroke frame 4311, and the inner stroke frame 4311 is designed into a U shape, mainly for facilitating the installation of the side die cylinder.

The front end of the inner wall of the side mold cover 4312 is provided with a piston rod connecting seat 4312a which is connected with the top of a piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 4313. The front end of the side mold cover 4312 is closed, so as to prevent soil and concrete sprayed subsequently from entering the side mold cover 4312 after the side mold cover 4312 stretches out to contact with the excavation surface of the tunnel, and the normal operation of the side mold unit 4031 is affected. Further preferably, the side mold cover 4312 may include a detachable side mold cover fixed on the outer side of the side mold cover 4312, and the specific fixing connection manner is that a plurality of evenly spaced connection nuts 4312c may be welded on the outer side of the side mold cover 4312, and the side mold cover is correspondingly provided with screw holes, and then the side mold cover is fixed on the side mold cover 4312 by bolts, wherein the side mold cover and the side mold cover 4312 have the same shape, and the front end of the side mold cover 4312 may not be closed any more, but only the front end of the side mold cover needs to be closed. The side mold cover has the functions of effectively protecting the side mold cover 4312, reducing direct abrasion of the side mold cover 4312, prolonging the service life of the side mold cover 4312, and facilitating replacement of the side mold cover so as to reduce the use cost. The side die bracket 4032 comprises a fixed beam 4322 and a mounting frame 4321, the mounting frame 4321 comprises a front mounting beam 4321a and a rear mounting beam 4321b which are vertically parallel and are respectively used for mounting a front end fixing seat and a rear end fixing seat, the fixed beam 4322 is flush with the front mounting beam 4321a, and the side die bracket 4032 is mounted on the edge of the connected auxiliary die 4002 through the fixed beam 4322.

The mounting back beam 4321b is provided with a plurality of connecting plates 4321c for connecting the fixed cross plates 4315a of the rear end fixing bases 4315 through bolts.

In general, after the side mold mechanisms 4003 are symmetrically installed at two side ends of the mold plate group, it is necessary to ensure that working surfaces (non-open vertical surfaces) of side mold covers of the two side mold plate units 4031 are opposite, specifically, all side mold covers on the same side form a combined side mold plate with flat working surfaces, and when the combined side mold plate integrally extends out, the combined side mold plate can be tightly attached to the outer side of the steel arch, and meanwhile can be tightly attached to a tunnel excavation surface, so that gaps between the steel arch and the uneven tunnel excavation surface can be effectively compensated. In use, the stroke amount of each side template unit on the same side is mainly determined according to the uneven condition of the front end excavation surface of the side template units, and is not 'flush-head' and 'in-head', so that the die cavity is sealed more closely by remedy, the whole side template is avoided, and the defect that gaps are also formed due to poor adaptability is overcome. In addition, after the side template unit 4031 is installed on the side template bracket 4032, the top surfaces and the bottom surfaces of two adjacent side template outer covers on the same side can keep weak contact or have small thin seams so as not to influence independent sliding, and meanwhile, a large amount of concrete leakage caused by larger seams can be effectively avoided.

In addition, the main effect of introducing the side form mechanism 4003 is that when the die spraying construction is carried out, the steel arch frame is not required to be erected as a precondition, the extending side form units 4031 are matched with the excavated rock face to form a die cavity naturally, so that the die spraying pouring adaptability is stronger, and the die spraying construction device is suitable for various different working conditions.

Based on the principle of the formwork mechanism in the present invention, the side formwork, the flat formwork/the single formwork can be provided as an air bag, or supported and controlled by the air bag.

Therefore, the die spraying method based on the combined template comprises the following steps:

Based on the working condition that the steel arch is erected on the tunnel rock face, the combined template mechanism is used for carrying out the mould spraying method of the tunnel primary support, and the combined template mechanism is arranged on the trolley and is combined with the trolley for carrying out the mould spraying construction. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

S1, a mould spraying trolley advances to a tunnel section to be sprayed, a trolley is started to expand a rotary large arm, and a template carrying mechanism of the rotary large arm approaches the bottoms of four continuous steel arches on one side of an excavation surface.

S2, adjusting the left and right positions of the template mechanism to ensure that the template mechanism can transversely cover the four steel arches, adjusting the pitching angle of the template mechanism to ensure that the outer surface of the template mechanism is matched with the radian of the steel arches to the greatest extent, then tightly attaching the outer surface of the template mechanism to the steel arches, ensuring that the bottom edge of the template mechanism is contacted with the tunnel excavation bottom surface, and ensuring that the template mechanism, the steel arches and the tunnel bottom surface are enclosed to form three continuous transverse die cavities with top openings.

The step S2 further comprises the steps of enabling all side mold covers of the inner end side mold assembly, which are positioned at the tunneling end, of the template mechanism to integrally extend out in a small extent when the left and right positions of the template mechanism are adjusted, adjusting the working faces of the side mold covers to be clung to the outer side faces of the innermost steel arches, then adjusting pitching angles, enabling the main template to be clung to the middle two steel arches in the process of clung the template mechanism to the steel arches, adjusting included angles between the two end auxiliary templates and the main template through the lateral oil cylinders, enabling the auxiliary template to be clung to the outer two steel arches, enabling all the side mold covers of the inner end side mold assembly to extend outwards until the top ends of the side mold covers are clung to the excavation faces of the front ends respectively after the pitching angles are adjusted.

And S3, adjusting a spray head assembly, and spraying the quick-setting concrete downwards from openings at the tops of the three transverse die cavities in sequence.

And S4, after the concrete at the bottom of the mold cavity is solidified, the large rotary arm drives the supporting mold to move upwards gradually along the steel arch, and when the supporting mold moves, the spray head component continuously sprays quick-setting concrete into the newly formed mold cavity in the moving process of the supporting mold and sequentially moves to the arch, so that the primary supporting pouring of the single-side excavation surface of the stage is completed.

S5, after the top concrete is solidified, removing the supporting function of the template mechanism, rotating the rotary large arm, adjusting the rotary large arm to enable the template mechanism to face the other side of the same section of the tunnel, and repeating the steps S2-S4 to finish primary support pouring of the other side;

And after the template mechanism rotates to the other side, the side mold covers of the outer end side mold assembly at the side are fully retracted, and then the steps S2-S4 are repeated.

In addition to the three-truss form in the embodiment, the formwork mechanism in actual use can be in a single-truss form and is generally used for forming a single-width die cavity with two adjacent steel arches, or in a double-truss form, namely, one main formwork is connected with one auxiliary formwork and is generally used for forming two continuous die cavities with the adjacent three steel arches, and the formwork mechanism can also be in a structural form of more than three trusses and can be flexibly selected and used under the thought, but corresponding improvements are required to be made during the manufacturing and the use operation of the formwork mechanism, so that the problem of meeting a plurality of new problems is difficult to avoid. And whether the concrete is a single truss or two truss or three truss template mechanisms in the embodiment, the two sides of the concrete template mechanisms can be provided with side template mechanisms to control the leakage of the concrete in the die cavity in the spraying operation. Only the two side mould mechanisms of the single mould plate mechanism are simultaneously arranged at the two end sides of the main mould plate, the two side mould assemblies of the double mould plate mechanism are respectively arranged at the free end sides of the main mould plate and the auxiliary mould plate, and for the three mould plate mechanisms in the embodiment, the two mould plate mechanisms are respectively arranged at the free ends of the two auxiliary mould plates.

In addition, the template mechanism of the invention can also adopt an electromagnetic template mechanism, and the structure is as follows:

42-50, a mold spraying device with an electromagnetic mold plate, the mold spraying device comprises a front arm mechanism 5001, a support frame 5002, a mold plate top support frame 5003, an electromagnetic mold plate 5004 and a spray gun 5005, wherein the front arm mechanism 5001 is rotatably arranged on a trolley rotating large arm, the support frame 5002 is fixed at the front end of the front arm mechanism 5001, the mold plate top support frame 5003 is fixed at the front end of the support frame 5002, the electromagnetic mold plate 5004 is provided with an electromagnet 5043, and the electromagnet can be adsorbed on a tunnel steel arch in an electrified state, so that a mold cavity is formed between the electromagnetic mold plate 5004 and the steel arch, and the spray gun 5005 can spray concrete for temporary support to the mold cavity formed between the electromagnetic mold plate 5004 and the steel arch.

The electromagnetic template 5004 is a curtain-type rollable structure and may be generally similar to the state of a roll-up door. The electromagnetic template 5004 is composed of a plurality of template units, the template units are connected into an electromagnetic template 5004 whole through more than two mutually parallel chains 5044 on the back, each template unit is provided with an independent electromagnet 5043 and an independent power supply loop, the curtain type electromagnetic template 5004 is wound back and stored on a driving roller 5024 at ordinary times, and after the electromagnet of each template unit is electrified, two ends of each template unit can be simultaneously adsorbed on two adjacent steel arches.

The template unit comprises a template main unit 5041 and template auxiliary units 5042 connected to two ends of the template main unit 5041, and the electromagnet 5043 is arranged on the template auxiliary units 5042 at two ends.

The main template unit 5041 and the auxiliary template unit 5042 are both of cuboid structures and are connected through a ball head.

The template sub-unit 5042 includes a sub-unit U-shaped plate 5421 and a ball pin 5422 connected to the connection end of the sub-unit U-shaped plate 5421, the ball pin 5422 includes a ball plate 5422a and a ball 5422b fixed on the ball plate 5422a, and the ball plate 5422a can be fixed in an end slot of the sub-unit U-shaped plate 5421 by welding.

The two ends of the U-shaped plate 5421 of the auxiliary unit are also fixed with L-shaped fixing seat plates 5423, which can be fixed by welding, and the electromagnet 5043 is fixed on the fixing seat plates 5423 by countersunk bolts. The electromagnet 5043 has an outward adsorption surface and can be directly adsorbed on the steel arch.

The main unit 5041 includes a main unit U-shaped plate 5411, hemispherical mounts 5412 are disposed in grooves at both ends of the main unit U-shaped plate 5411, and the ball 5422b is fixed by a ball tile cap 5413.

A main unit cover plate 5414 is provided between hemispherical mounts 5412 at both ends on the opening side of the main unit U-shaped plate 5411. The main unit cover 5414 may be a flat plate or a U-shaped plate, and is fixed by welding while being flush with the opening of the main unit U-shaped plate 5411.

The length of the template main unit 5041 is greater than the length of the template sub unit 5042.

The back of the main template unit 5041 and the auxiliary template units 5042 at two ends of the curtain electromagnetic template 5004 are respectively provided with a chain fixing hole 5045, the chain 5044 is composed of a plurality of chain units 5441, each chain unit 5441 is welded with a chain fixing plate 5442, and the chain fixing plates 5442 are fixed on the corresponding chain fixing holes 5045 through bolts.

When the template unit is of an integral structure, when two adjacent steel arches are staggered to a certain extent, line contact is formed between the electromagnets at two ends of the integral template unit and the steel arches, the acting force of magnetic adsorption is reduced, and gaps can be formed between the electromagnetic template 5004 and the steel arches, so that concrete leakage is caused. The template unit is arranged to be of a three-section structure, the electromagnet 5043 is arranged on the template auxiliary units 5042 at two ends, and the template auxiliary units 5042 are connected with the template main unit 5041 through ball heads, so that the template auxiliary units 5042 can have a certain adjustment space relative to the template main unit 5041, even if the adjacent steel arches have staggered fluctuation, the adaptation adjustment can be carried out, the electromagnet 5043 can keep surface contact with the steel bracket, the adsorption force is increased, and good sealing performance is kept.

The formwork top support 5003 includes more than two vertical top support plates 5031 parallel to each other, and a plurality of top support rollers 5032 are uniformly spaced along the vertical direction on the front side of the vertical top support plates 5031.

The vertical top support plates 5031 are provided with more than one supporting beam 5033, the supporting beams 5033 are connected with each vertical top support plate 5031 through a compression cylinder 5331, and meanwhile, compensation springs 5332 are connected, and the compensation springs 5332 are sleeved on piston rods of the compression cylinders 5331. More than two guide cross beams 5034 are further arranged behind the vertical top support plates 5031, each guide cross beam 5034 is provided with a guide bearing 5341 corresponding to each vertical top support plate 5031, and the guide bearings 5341 are sleeved on guide shafts 5311 corresponding to and fixed on the vertical top support plates 5031. The support beam 5033 is located behind the guide beams 5034, and the hold-down cylinder 5331 passes through a gap between two adjacent guide beams 5034.

More specifically, in this embodiment, the template top support 5003 includes 4 vertical top support plates 5031 in total, wherein an upper connection roller shaft 5312 and a lower connection roller shaft 5313 are connected between the top and the bottom of two adjacent vertical top support plates 5031 in the middle, an upper guide roller 5312a is installed on the upper connection roller shaft 5312, a lower guide roller 5313a is installed on the lower connection roller shaft 5313, and the outer diameter of the lower guide roller 5313a is equal to the outer diameter of the roller, the outer diameter of the upper guide roller 5312a is greater than the outer diameter of the top support roller 5032, but the front end cambered surfaces of the upper guide roller 5312a and the top support roller 5032 located on the same vertical top support plate 5031 are kept flush. In this way, two adjacent vertical supporting plates 5031 in the middle are connected into a whole to form a middle supporting unit which is mainly used for supporting the template main unit 5041 of the electromagnetic template 5004, and two vertical supporting plates 5031 on two sides form side supporting units which are independent of the middle supporting unit and are respectively used for supporting the template auxiliary unit 5042 of the electromagnetic template 5004. The purpose is that when being applicable to the situation that a certain dislocation exists between two adjacent steel arches, the side propping units can still prop the template auxiliary units 5042 at the two ends of the curtain type electromagnetic template 5004 against the two adjacent steel arches to form a powerful support, so that the magnetic adhesion between the electromagnetic template 5004 and the steel arches is more close and stable, the occurrence of 'explosion of the template' is avoided, concrete can not leak from the two ends, and the middle propping units form a powerful support for the template main units 5041 at the central part of the electromagnetic template 5004, so that the stability of a formed die cavity is stronger.

The top parts of the two outer vertical top support plates 5031 are respectively provided with the same large guide rollers 5321, and the outer diameter of the large guide rollers 5321 is the same as that of the upper guide rollers 5312 a.

Preferably, the front side of the vertical top support plate 5031 is provided with an arc shape corresponding to the steel arch, and the distance between two rows of support rollers on the two vertical top support plates 5031 at the outer side is equal to the distance between two adjacent steel arches.

Preferably, the middle parts of the upper guide roller 5312a and the lower guide roller 5313a are respectively provided with an annular groove 5312b and an annular groove 5313b for accommodating one chain in the middle of the back of the electromagnetic template 5004, and two chains at two ends of the electromagnetic template 5004 are positioned in a gap between two vertical supporting plates 5031 at the outer side and adjacent vertical supporting plates 5031.

Preferably, the guide roller 5026 is provided with an annular groove (not shown) corresponding to the chain of the electromagnetic template 5004.

The support frame 5002 comprises a connecting beam 5021 connected to the lower portion of the front end of the forearm mechanism 5001, the connecting beam 5021 is connected with the forearm mechanism 5001 through a rotary hinged support 5211 fixed to the center of the top of the connecting beam 5021, a lateral rotary cylinder 5212 is connected to any side of the connecting beam 5021 and the front end of the forearm mechanism 5001 on the same side, the lateral rotary cylinder 5212 can be used for adjusting the lateral angle of the support frame 5002, the support frame 5002 further comprises two longitudinal girders 5022 which are parallel to each other, the rear ends of the two longitudinal girders 5022 are connected with the two end sides of the connecting beam 5021 through rotary shafts 5213, a supporting vertical girder 5023 which is parallel to each other is further arranged at the top of the front ends of the two longitudinal girders 5022 of the support frame 5002, the two ends of the supporting beam 5033 are directly fixed to the supporting vertical girder 5023, the two ends of the guiding beam 5034 are respectively fixed to the front supporting girder 5231 welded to the front end face of the supporting vertical girder 5023, and a reinforcing diagonal girder 50221 is connected between the longitudinal girders 5022 and the supporting vertical girder 5023.

A driving roller 5024 is further disposed between the front ends of the two longitudinal main beams 5022 of the supporting frame 5002, and the driving roller 5024 can rotate forward or backward under the action of the driving motor 5241. The driving roller 5024 can be used for accommodating the curtain type electromagnetic template 5004 when rotating in the forward direction, and can be used for releasing the curtain type electromagnetic template 5004 when rotating in the reverse direction.

Perpendicular to two vertical girders 5022, and be located be provided with two vice support vertical girders 5025 that are parallel to each other up respectively behind the support vertical girders 5023, be provided with a guide cylinder 5026 between the top of two vice support vertical girders 5025, guide cylinder 5026's both sides are fixed with two annular separation blades 5261 for the direction of the electromagnetic templates 5004 of guide curtain formula, avoid it to become crooked in advancing.

Two front and back rotating oil cylinders 5027 are further connected between the connecting cross beam 5021 and the auxiliary supporting vertical beam 5025 and used for adjusting the pitching angle of the supporting frame 5002 so as to be suitable for arrangement of electromagnetic templates 5004 at steel arches with different heights. Specifically, two downward lower support beams 5214 are disposed near two lower end surfaces of the connecting beam 5021, two opposite inward side support beams 5251 are disposed in the middle of two auxiliary vertical support beams 5025, and two ends of the front-rear rotary cylinder 5027 are respectively connected to the lower support beams 5214 and the side support beams 5251.

The upper end of the forearm mechanism 5001 is provided with a spray gun bracket 5006, the spray gun 5005 (also called a spray head assembly) is installed on the spray gun bracket 5006, the spray gun 5005 can automatically slide back and forth and slide left and right, and can also automatically adjust a front and back pitching rotation angle and a left and right rotation angle, specifically, the top of the forearm mechanism 5001 is provided with a longitudinal slide rail 5011, and the spray gun bracket 5006 is fixed on the longitudinal slide rail 5011 through a longitudinal slide 5061.

The spray gun bracket 5006 further comprises a transverse slide rail 5062 and a spray gun arm 5063 disposed longitudinally, wherein the spray gun arm 5063 is fixed on the transverse slide rail through a transverse slide 5631, and the spray gun 5005 is rotatably fixed at the front end of the spray gun arm 5063 through a spray gun hinge support 5051.

A spray gun cylinder 5052 is further connected between the rear end of the spray gun 5005 and the spray gun arm 5063, and is used for adjusting the pitch angle of the spray gun 5005.

Fig. 9 shows a specific structure of the die spraying trolley, which comprises a trolley frame I, a sliding frame II, a sliding trolley III, a large arm turntable IV, a rotary large arm V and a pumping mechanism VI. The forearm mechanism 5001 is rotatably mounted at the front end of the rotary large arm V through a forearm connecting seat, and under the drive of the rotary large arm V, the wet spraying nozzle and the electromagnetic template 5004 can synchronously move under the action of the forearm mechanism 5001.

The tail end of the large rotary arm V is arranged on the large arm rotary table IV, the large arm rotary table IV comprises a vertical rotating component capable of driving the large rotary arm V to rotate forwards and backwards in a vertical plane, and the large arm rotary table IV further comprises a horizontal rotating component capable of driving the large rotary arm V to rotate horizontally.

The vertical rotating component of the large arm turntable IV is a gear rotating component, and can drive the rotation angle of the rotary large arm V in a vertical plane to exceed 240 degrees. Compared with the traditional large arm of the engineering vehicle which is supported by the hydraulic cylinder and provides rotary power, the rotation angle of the traditional large arm at one side can only reach about 60 degrees, and the full-angle die spraying requirement of the die spraying trolley on each section of a tunnel can not be met.

The trolley frame I is longitudinally provided with a sliding frame II along the trolley body, the sliding frame II is provided with a sliding trolley III, the large-arm turntable IV is rotatably arranged on the sliding trolley III, and the sliding trolley III can longitudinally slide along the sliding frame II on the large-arm turntable IV.

The distance that the sliding trolley III can longitudinally slide on the sliding frame II is larger than III-IV times of the distance between two adjacent rows of steel arches. Specifically, the length of the sliding frame II may be equal to the width of three steel arches, that is, equal to the distance between two steel arches on the outer sides of the adjacent four steel arches (in terms of engineering practice, the distance between two adjacent steel arches is generally 1 meter, and the length of the sliding frame II is 3 meters), so that the moving distance of the sliding trolley III on the sliding frame II may be ensured to at least reach the distance between two steel arches on the outer sides of the adjacent three steel arches. The width of the main electromagnetic template 5004 can only transversely cover two adjacent steel arches, so that in conventional tunnel construction, the mode spraying construction of three continuous wet spraying templates can be met under the condition of not moving vehicles, and the problem that the progress of construction is influenced due to frequent vehicle moving is avoided. While for wider wet spray forms, such as the three of applicant's wet spray forms may cover three transverse cavities formed by adjacent four consecutive rows of steel arches, such a design is not necessary. Of course, the length of the sliding frame II is not limited to be equal to the width of three steel arches, and can be theoretically processed to be longer along with the length of the trolley frame I, so that the purpose of single vehicle moving and wider tunnel surface spraying can be realized. The mould spouts the platform truck and still includes pumping mechanism VI, can automatic to wet shower nozzle transport concrete wet spray.

The working flow of the mould spraying device is that in the construction process, a forearm mechanism, an electromagnetic template, a template top support and the like are adjusted to enable the electromagnetic template to be adsorbed on a steel arch to form a mould cavity with the height of about one meter (the height of the template top support), the angle of a spray head is adjusted to start spraying concrete into the mould cavity, in the spraying process, the more the concrete is accumulated, the forearm mechanism starts to move along the steel arch, the forearm mechanism moves, meanwhile, a motor is driven to rotate, the electromagnetic template on a winding drum is released, the electromagnetic template is pressed on the steel arch through a pressing oil cylinder, a top support plate, a spring compensation device and the like, meanwhile, the electromagnetic template is electrified and adsorbed on the steel arch to form a new mould cavity again. According to the moving mode, the support frame is continuously moved, the template is released, a new mold cavity is gradually formed, the spray head continuously sprays concrete, the mold spraying support is continuously carried out, when the vault is reached, the spraying of the concrete is stopped, after the sprayed concrete is completely solidified, the electromagnet is powered off one by one from the vault to the lower end, meanwhile, the motor is driven to reversely rotate, the arm support synchronously moves downwards, the recovery of the electromagnet template is completed, and the continuous primary support without rebound and dust is realized.

The die spraying method using the electromagnetic template comprises the following steps:

And S1, the mould spraying trolley moves to a tunnel section to be sprayed, the trolley is started to expand a rotary large arm, the rotary large arm carries a support frame and a curtain type electromagnetic template is close to the bottoms of two adjacent steel arches on one side of an excavation surface.

And S2, tightly attaching a section of the electromagnetic template positioned in front of the support frame to the two steel arches from the bottom, and forming a die cavity to be poured with the steel arches.

And S3, adjusting the position and angle of the spray gun, starting the spray gun, and spraying quick-setting concrete downwards from an opening at the top of the transverse die cavity to finish pouring of the initial concrete.

S4, after the initial section concrete at the bottom of the die cavity is solidified, the die plate units of the electromagnetic die plate are upwards extended and are attached to the two steel arches to form a new die cavity, and when the electromagnetic die plate is extended, the spray gun continuously sprays quick setting concrete into the die cavity formed by the newly released die plate units and the steel arches until the quick setting concrete reaches the vault, so that the primary support pouring of the single-side excavation face of the die cavity is completed.

And S5, after the top concrete is solidified, gradually downwards moving the rotary large arm with the support frame and the electromagnetic template, driving the roller to reversely rotate, and recovering the curtain-type electromagnetic template, horizontally rotating the rotary large arm with the support frame and the electromagnetic template to enable the electromagnetic template to face the other side of the same section of tunnel, and repeating the steps S1-S4 to finish the primary support casting of the other side of the tunnel.

In the steps S1 and S2, the driving roller positively rotates under the action of the driving motor, the curtain type electromagnetic template is released, the free end of the electromagnetic template sags to the level of the bottom of the electromagnetic template and the bottom of the template top support frame, the left and right positions of the support frame are adjusted to ensure that the curtain type electromagnetic template can transversely cover the two steel arches, then the released outer surface of the electromagnetic template positioned in front of the support frame is tightly attached to the steel arches, the bottom edge of the electromagnetic template is ensured to be in contact with the tunnel excavation bottom surface, and the electromagnetic template, the steel arches and the tunnel bottom surface are enclosed to form a transverse die cavity with a top opening.

In the step S2, an electrifying loop of the template unit electromagnet is sequentially connected from bottom to top, so that the template unit contacted with the steel arch is magnetically adsorbed on the steel arch, the pitching angle of the supporting frame is adjusted, the outer surface of the electromagnetic template is matched with the radian of the steel arch to the greatest extent, and the rotary large arm is adjusted, so that the template supporting frame supports against the attaching section of the electromagnetic template and the steel arch.

In step S4, after the initial section concrete at the bottom of the die cavity is solidified, the rotary large arm drives the support frame to move upwards gradually along the steel arch, and meanwhile, the driving roller is started again and rotates continuously in the forward direction, so that the template unit of the curtain type electromagnetic template is continuously released.

In step S4, the releasing speed of the electromagnetic template is equal to the upward moving speed of the steel arch, and when the newly released template unit contacts with the steel arch, the electrified magnet is immediately electrified and adsorbed on the steel arch.

In the process that the support frame moves upwards along the steel arch, a top support roller on the template top support frame rolls over the back of the electromagnetic template, and meanwhile, in the rolling process, the electromagnetic template is directly supported.

In the process of releasing and recovering the electromagnetic template, the middle chain at the back of the electromagnetic template slides through the annular grooves of the upper guide roller and the lower guide roller, and the chains at the two sides slide between the middle supporting unit and the side supporting units.

And overlapping the primary support concrete layer poured on the left side and the right side of the Duan Ci tunnel at the top of the tunnel, and supporting and strickling the primary support concrete layer by using a template after filling up the overlapping part to finish the supporting of the tunnel outline of the section.

In addition, the template mechanism of the invention can also adopt a belt template/crawler template mechanism, and the structure is as follows:

51-56, the belt template assembly for primary support mould spraying of a tunnel can be integrally installed on a rotary large arm of a mould spraying trolley, and comprises a flexible annular belt template 6002 and a template support 6001, wherein a plurality of belt supporting rollers 6003 are transversely installed on the front side of the template support 6001 side by side, the belt template is sleeved on the belt supporting rollers 6003, and the front end belt template can be tightly attached to two adjacent steel arches, so that a mould cavity to be poured is formed between the belt template and the steel arches.

On the template bracket 6001, an upper turning roller 6031 and a lower turning roller 6032 are respectively arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the inner side of the belt template, the diameters of the upper turning roller 6031 and the lower turning roller 6032 are larger than the diameter of the belt supporting roller 6003, and the front cambered surfaces of the upper turning roller 6031 and the lower turning roller 6032 and the belt supporting roller 6003 are kept flush. The template bracket 6001 comprises rectangular side frames 6011 positioned on two sides, and an upper connecting beam 6012 and a lower connecting beam 6013 are arranged at the rear ends of the two side frames 6011. The upper and lower ends of the side frames 6011 are provided with an upper bracket 6011a and a lower bracket 6011b, respectively, for fixing the upper and lower direction-changing rollers 6031 and 6032, respectively.

The roller shaft of the lower turning roller 6032 is connected with a driving motor 6321, and the lower turning roller 6032 with the driving motor 6321 can drive the belt template to rotate in the forward direction or the reverse direction. In practical design, the driving motor can be connected with the upper turning roller 6031 to achieve the same technical effect.

The template bracket 6001 is provided with a tensioning main roller 6033 positioned at the inner side of the rear end belt template, which can push the belt template backwards to achieve the effect of tensioning the belt template, and further, the template bracket 6001 is provided with a tensioning auxiliary roller 6034 positioned above and below the tensioning main roller 6033 to cooperate with the tensioning main roller 6033 to strengthen the tensioning effect.

The belt supporting roller 6003 is fixed on both side frames 6011 through a supporting roller seat 6004, the supporting roller seat 6004 includes a first seat plate 6041 and a first perforated lug 6042, the front side at the first seat plate 6041 is fixed perpendicularly to the first perforated lug 6042 for the roller shaft of fixed supporting roller, and first seat plate 6041 is fixed on the side frames 6011 through a first supporting cylinder 6043. The side frame 6011 comprises a front vertical beam 6111 and a rear vertical beam 6112, an auxiliary vertical beam 6014 is fixed on the inner side of the side frame rear vertical beam 6112, a cylinder body of the first supporting cylinder 6043 is fixed on the front side surface of the auxiliary vertical beam 6014, and a piston rod is fixed with the rear side surface of the first seat plate 6041.

The support roller 6004 further includes a first guide shaft 6044 vertically connected to the rear side of the first seat plate 6041, and the first guide shaft 6044 is inserted into a first guide bushing 6045 fixed to the side frame front vertical beam 6111.

The connection part of the side frame front vertical beam 6111 and the first guide shaft sleeve 6045 is provided with a first through hole 6111a communicated with the inner hole of the first guide shaft sleeve 6045, and the first guide shaft 6044 can penetrate through the first through hole 6111a to enter between the side frame front vertical beam 6111 and the side frame rear vertical beam 6112. The template bracket 6001 is more compact, and the stability of the whole template assembly is reduced because the first guide shaft 6044 needs to reach a corresponding stroke, so that the supporting roller is too far forward.

The main roller seat 6005 of the tension main roller 6033 includes a second seat plate 6051, a second perforated lug 6052, a second support cylinder 6053, and a second guide shaft 6054, as in the support roller seat 6004, and functions in the same manner as in the support roller seat. However, the specific installation mode is different, the main roller seat 6005 of the tensioning main roller 6033 is installed in the middle of two side frames 6011, and an L-shaped seat plate 6056 for fixing a second support cylinder 6053 of the main roller seat 6005 is welded on the front side of the side frame front vertical beam 6111. The L-shaped seat plate 6056 includes a fixing plate 6056a and a connecting plate 6056b, wherein the fixing plate 6056a is directly and vertically welded to the front side surface of the side frame front vertical beam 6111, and the connecting plate 6056b is parallel to the front side surface of the side frame front vertical beam 6111 and extends between the two side frames 6011, so that the free end thereof exceeds the inner side surface of the connected side frame front vertical beam 6111.

Further, the second seat plate 6051 of the main roller seat 6005 is located outside the rear side surface of the side frame rear vertical beam 6112, the second belt Kong Er plate 6052 is fixed on the rear side surface of the second seat plate 6051, the auxiliary vertical beam 6014 is provided with a fracture 6141 at a position opposite to the tensioning main roller 6033 so as to divide each auxiliary vertical beam 6014 into two sections, the second supporting cylinder 6053 passes through the fracture 6141, the cylinder body of the second supporting cylinder is fixed on the connecting plate 6056b, and the piston rod is fixed on the front side surface of the second seat plate 6051.

Further, corresponding to the position of the second guide shaft 6054 of the main roller seat 6005, the second guide shaft sleeve 6055 is fixed between the side frame front vertical beam 6111 and the side frame rear vertical beam 6112, and a second through hole 6111b and a third through hole 6112a which are communicated with the inner holes of the second guide shaft sleeve 6055 are arranged at the corresponding positions on the side frame front vertical beam 6111 and the side frame rear vertical beam 6112. Here, the second guide bush 6055 also serves to reinforce the strength of the side frame 6011.

The tension sub roller 6034 is installed at the front side of both ends of the break 6141 of the auxiliary vertical beam 6014 through a sub roller mount 6341, corresponding to the tension main roller 6033. The sub roller 6341 includes only the third seat plate 6341a and the third perforated ear plate 6341b, and no further connection of the cylinder and the guide shaft is required.

The number of the upper connecting beams 6012 is two, the middle parts of the two upper connecting beams 6012 are fixedly provided with template hinge supports 6015, the template hinge supports 6015 are hinged with template supports 6006, and the template supports 6001 are fixed at the front ends of the rotary large arms of the die spraying trolley through the template supports 6006. A pitching cylinder 6007 is connected between the middle part of the lower connecting beam 6013 and the template support 6006, and is used for adjusting the pitching angle of the template support 6001.

The template support 6006 comprises a support elbow 6061, a support connecting plate 6062 and a template connecting seat 6063, wherein the support connecting plate 6062 is fixed on the horizontal top end of the support elbow 6061, and the template support 6006 can be fixed on the front end of the swing big arm of the trolley through the support connecting plate 6062.

The template connecting seat 6063 comprises a template horizontal seat plate 6063a and a template vertical seat plate 6063b, the template horizontal seat plate 6063a is fixed at the vertical bottom end of the support elbow 6061, and the template vertical seat plate 6063b is provided with two template connecting seats which are respectively fixed at two sides of the template horizontal seat plate 6063a and are connected with the template hinge support 6015 through a rotating shaft.

A cylinder hinge support 6064 is provided between the two vertical die plates 6063b at the bottom of the die plate horizontal base plate 6063a to connect the cylinder of the pitch cylinder 6007, and a piston rod hinge support 6016 of the pitch cylinder 6007 is provided at the back of the wet-spray die plate below the die plate hinge support 6015 to connect the piston rod of the pitch cylinder 6007.

Fig. 6 shows a specific structure of the die spraying trolley, which comprises a trolley frame I, a sliding frame II, a sliding trolley III, a large arm turntable IV, a rotary large arm V, a wet spraying forearm VI and a pumping mechanism VII. The wet spraying front arm VI is rotatably mounted at the front end of the rotary large arm V through the front arm connecting seat VI-1, under the driving of the rotary large arm V, a wet spraying nozzle (not shown in the figure) can be mounted at the top of the wet spraying front arm VI through a nozzle moving assembly mechanism (not shown in the figure), and a belt template assembly is mounted at the front end of the wet spraying front arm VI through a template support 6006, so that the wet spraying nozzle can be kept above the top of the belt template assembly, and the belt template assembly and the wet spraying nozzle can integrally move or rotate along with the wet spraying front arm VI at any time. The wet spraying nozzle can longitudinally move along the wet spraying forearm VI, can transversely move on the nozzle moving assembly mechanism, can independently adjust the pitching angle, and can automatically rotate to meet various operation requirements in the die spraying process.

The distance that the sliding trolley III can longitudinally slide on the sliding frame II is 2-3 times greater than the distance between two adjacent rows of steel arches. Specifically, the length of the sliding frame II may be equal to the width of three steel arches, that is, equal to the distance between two steel arches on the outer sides of the adjacent four steel arches (in terms of engineering practice, the distance between two adjacent steel arches is generally 1 meter, and the length of the sliding frame II is 3 meters), so that the moving distance of the sliding trolley III on the sliding frame II may be ensured to at least reach the distance between two steel arches on the outer sides of the adjacent three steel arches. The width of the main belt template can only transversely cover two adjacent steel arches, so that in conventional tunnel construction, the mode spraying construction of three continuous wet spraying templates can be met under the condition of not moving vehicles, and the problem that the progress of construction is affected due to frequent vehicle moving is avoided. While for wider wet spray forms, such as the three of applicant's wet spray forms may cover three transverse cavities formed by adjacent four consecutive rows of steel arches, such a design is not necessary. Of course, the length of the sliding frame II is not limited to be equal to the width of three steel arches, and can be theoretically processed to be longer along with the length of the trolley frame I, so that the purpose of single vehicle moving and wider tunnel surface spraying can be realized. The mould spouts the platform truck and still includes pumping mechanism VI, can automatic to wet shower nozzle transport concrete wet spray.

The working flow of the belt template assembly comprises that in the construction process, a rotary large arm, a template support and the like are adjusted, so that the belt template is clung to the lowest ends of two adjacent steel arches, a die cavity with the height of about one meter (the upper and lower heights of the belt template) is formed between the belt template and the two steel arches, the angle of a spray head is adjusted, concrete is sprayed into the die cavity, in the spraying process, the more the concrete is accumulated, after the concrete is solidified, the rotary large arm drives the template support to move upwards along the steel arches, the wet spraying front arm moves and simultaneously drives a motor to rotate forwards, the front end of the belt template is driven to rotate downwards, the rotating speed of the belt template is kept consistent with the moving speed of the template support, so that the belt template is equivalent to move upwards on the steel arches from bottom, the telescopic end of the rotary large arm is continuously adjusted while moving, the two ends of the belt template are always kept clung to the two steel arches through the adjustment of a pitching cylinder, thus the continuous spraying of the new spray head is formed, the continuous spraying of the concrete is realized, and when the continuous spraying of the concrete is realized, the continuous spraying of the continuous tunnel is realized, and no dust is continuously sprayed on the top of the side of the support of the tunnel, and no continuous spraying of the continuous section is realized.

The method for carrying out primary support die spraying of the tunnel by utilizing the belt template assembly comprises the following steps:

S1, a mould spraying trolley advances to a tunnel section to be sprayed, the trolley is started, a rotary large arm is unfolded, and a template support and a belt template carried by the rotary large arm are close to the bottoms of two adjacent steel arches on one side of an excavation surface.

And S2, the template support is tightly attached to two steel arches from the bottom with the belt template, and forms a die cavity to be poured with the steel arches.

And S3, adjusting the position and angle of the spray head, opening the spray head, and spraying quick-setting concrete downwards from an opening at the top of the transverse die cavity to finish pouring of the initial concrete.

S4, after the initial section concrete at the bottom of the die cavity is solidified, under the action of the rotary large arm, the template support slowly moves along the steel arches from bottom to top along with the belt template, in the moving process, the front end face of the belt template is always kept to be simultaneously clung to the two steel arches, a new die cavity is continuously formed, and the spray head continuously sprays quick setting concrete into the newly formed die cavity until reaching the vault, so that the primary support pouring of the single-side excavation face of the die cavity is completed.

And S5, after the top concrete is solidified, the large arm is rotated to retract the template support and the belt template, and the template support and the belt template are horizontally rotated, so that the template support faces the other side of the same section of tunnel, and the steps S1-S4 are repeated to finish the primary support casting of the other side of the tunnel of the section.

In step S4, the driving motor is always kept rotating in the forward direction during the movement of the template support, so that the front end of the belt template can be kept rotating from top to bottom.

In step S4, the rotational speed of the belt template and the moving speed of the template holder are equal during the movement of the template holder.

In step S4, in the moving process of the template support, the rotary large arm continuously and slowly stretches forwards, and the piston rod of the pitching oil cylinder is continuously recovered, so that the pitching angle between the template support and the rotary large arm is adaptively adjusted, and the belt template can be matched with the radian of the steel arch to the greatest extent.

In the steps S3 and S4, the supporting function of the template supporting roller on the front end of the belt template is always kept, and under the action of the supporting cylinder, the advancing fluctuation of the template support caused by the unevenness of the steel arch can be effectively buffered, the belt template is kept close to the steel arch all the time, and the leakage of sprayed concrete from two sides is avoided.

In the steps S3 and S4, under the action of the tensioning main roller and the tensioning auxiliary roller, the change of the tightness degree of the belt template caused by the expansion and contraction of the supporting air cylinder can be effectively compensated, so that the whole process of the belt template can be kept within a certain tensioning range.

In step S4, during the rotation of the belt template, the template supporting roller is kept to roll on the inner side of the front end of the belt template, and a strong top support is formed on the belt template.

The method comprises the steps of S6, overlapping the initial supporting concrete layers poured on the left side and the right side of the Duan Ci tunnel at the top of the tunnel, supporting and strickling the initial supporting concrete layers by using templates after filling the overlapping part to finish the supporting of the tunnel outline of the section, and after the die spraying pouring of the arc-shaped area between one steel arch (two adjacent steel arches and the area between the two steel arches is one), moving the sliding trolley bearing the rotary large arm forwards along the sliding frame on the trolley for 2 times, wherein the moving distance of each time is equal to the width between the two adjacent steel arches, and repeating the steps S1-S5 once moving.

After the continuous three steel arch areas are subjected to die spraying pouring by one-time vehicle moving, the trolley is moved forward by a distance equal to the length of the sliding frame (or the width of the three steel arches), and the steps S1-S6 are repeated until the die spraying primary support of the whole tunnel is completed.

In practice, the length of the mould spraying trolley sliding frame is generally designed into the width of three steel arches, namely the distance between two steel arches at the outer sides of four continuous steel arches, and the trolley is moved once by the sliding trolley, so that the mould spraying pouring of the three continuous steel arches can be met, the number of times of mould spraying is reduced, and the mould spraying efficiency is improved. In theory the skid can be designed longer, but is limited by the length of the trolley and the curvature of the tunnel, and cannot be made too long, which can lead to higher demands and possible difficulties for subsequent operations.

The belt/belt mechanism in the belt template described above may be replaced with a track or track mechanism.

In addition, when one or more support arms are used, the ends of the spray head fine adjustment mechanism and the support arms may be provided with a spray head displacement mechanism, such that the spray head fine adjustment mechanism and the spray head displacement mechanism are combined to form a spray head displacement assembly. The spray head assembly is arranged on the transverse moving mechanism, the transverse moving mechanism drives the spray head assembly to transversely move, the transverse moving mechanism is arranged on the longitudinal moving mechanism, and the longitudinal moving mechanism drives the transverse moving mechanism and the spray head assembly to longitudinally move integrally. The spray head assembly 9 may be connected to the forearm mechanism 5 by a spray head fine adjustment mechanism or a spray head displacement mechanism alone, to effect control of the position and angle of the spray head assembly 9 relative to the template mechanism/mold cavity.

For example:

The spray head displacement mechanism comprises a longitudinal displacement mechanism and a transverse displacement mechanism, wherein the longitudinal displacement mechanism and/or the transverse displacement mechanism is provided with a spray head assembly 9, the longitudinal displacement mechanism can adjust the displacement of the spray head assembly in the longitudinal direction, the transverse displacement mechanism can adjust the displacement of the spray head assembly in the transverse direction, and the longitudinal displacement mechanism and the transverse displacement mechanism are connected and matched with each other to control the spray head assembly to move to any displacement point on the same plane.

The spray head assembly 9 is arranged on a transverse moving mechanism, the transverse moving mechanism drives the spray head assembly to transversely move, the transverse moving mechanism is arranged on a longitudinal moving mechanism, and the longitudinal moving mechanism drives the transverse moving mechanism and the spray head assembly to longitudinally move integrally.

Wherein the spray head is displaced from the assembly. The nozzle tip trimming mechanism may also be connected to the nozzle tip displacement mechanism to form a nozzle tip displacement assembly that controls the displacement of the nozzle tip assembly 9 relative to the template mechanism 8/mold cavity. So that the nozzle tip fine tuning mechanism and the nozzle tip displacement mechanism form a nozzle tip movement assembly mechanism to control the longitudinal and transverse distance relationship between the nozzle tip assembly 9 and the mold cavity, and the angle/direction relationship with respect to the mold cavity.

For example:

The spray head displacement mechanism comprises a longitudinal displacement mechanism and a transverse displacement mechanism, the longitudinal displacement mechanism and/or the transverse displacement mechanism are/is provided with a spray head fine adjustment mechanism, the longitudinal displacement mechanism can adjust the displacement of the spray head fine adjustment mechanism and the spray head assembly 9 in the longitudinal direction, the transverse displacement mechanism can adjust the displacement of the spray head fine adjustment mechanism and the spray head assembly 9 in the transverse direction, the longitudinal displacement mechanism and the transverse displacement mechanism are connected and matched with each other, and the spray head assembly 9 is controlled to move to any displacement point on the same plane.

The longitudinal moving mechanism adjusts the displacement of the spray head assembly 9 in the longitudinal direction by controlling the spray head fine adjusting mechanism, the transverse moving mechanism adjusts the displacement of the spray head assembly 9 in the transverse direction by controlling the spray head fine adjusting mechanism, and the longitudinal moving mechanism and the transverse moving mechanism are connected with each other and are matched with each other to control the spray head assembly 9 to move to any displacement point on the same plane. Through the comprehensive control of the spray head displacement mechanism and the spray head fine adjustment mechanism, the spray head assembly 9 has the best spraying position and spraying angle/direction relative to the die cavity, the best die spraying effect is achieved, and the die spraying efficiency can be effectively improved.

The transverse moving mechanism comprises a transverse moving arm 6 and a nozzle fixing seat 7, wherein a transverse guide piece and a transverse moving driving piece are arranged on the transverse moving arm 6, the transverse guide piece is a transverse groove rail, a transverse sliding groove or a transverse sliding block, the transverse moving driving piece is a transverse moving rack, a chain, an air cylinder, an oil cylinder or a steel rope, and the nozzle fixing seat 7 is provided with a guide wheel/block/groove matched with the transverse guide piece and a driving piece matched with the transverse moving driving piece, so that the nozzle assembly can move in the transverse direction relative to the transverse moving arm 6.

The spray head fine adjustment mechanism is arranged on the spray head fixing seat 7, and the spray head fixing seat 7 is arranged on the transverse moving arm 6 and can drive the spray head fine adjustment mechanism and the spray head assembly 9 to move transversely on the transverse moving arm 6. Mainly solved the lateral longer removal problem of shower nozzle subassembly 9, the shower nozzle of traditional wet spraying manipulator is not sideslip function, so have very high sideslip demand in this patent technology, mainly because, template mechanism 8 and excavation rock wall form wait after the die cavity of pouring, just need make shower nozzle subassembly 9 transversely carry out the removal in a large scale to pour when carrying out the whole die cavity of ability coverage of large width, and then improve and spray pouring efficiency.

The longitudinal moving mechanism is arranged on the front arm mechanism 5, the front arm mechanism 5 is provided with a longitudinal moving seat 56, the transverse moving arm 6 is arranged on the longitudinal moving seat 56, and the front arm mechanism 5 can control the longitudinal moving seat 56, the transverse moving mechanism, the spray head fine adjusting mechanism and the spray head assembly 9 on the longitudinal moving seat to move in the longitudinal direction of the front arm mechanism 5. The forearm mechanism 5 and longitudinally movable mount 56 thus constitute one implementation of a longitudinally movable mechanism, but are not limited thereto.

The traversing arm 6 further comprises a transverse groove rail 61, the nozzle fixing seat 7 comprises a roller connecting seat 71, a roller 711 is arranged on the roller connecting seat 71, and the nozzle fixing seat 7 is integrally connected to the traversing arm 6 through the roller connecting seat 71.

Further, the traverse arm 6 is provided with two parallel transverse groove rails 61, including a transverse groove rail 611 at the top end of the traverse arm 6 and a transverse lower groove rail 612 at the bottom end of the traverse arm 6, and the lengths of the transverse groove rail 611 and the transverse lower groove rail 612 are equal to the length of the traverse arm 6. The roller connection seat 71 further comprises a roller connection plate 712, and upper and lower rows of rollers 711 fixed on the roller connection plate 712, and the upper and lower rows of rollers 711 roll in the lateral groove rail 611 and the lateral lower groove rail 612, respectively.

The traverse arm 6 is provided with a traverse rack 63 and is engaged with a traverse drive gear 713 mounted on a roller connecting seat 71. The traverse arm 6 further comprises a detachable traverse front cover plate 621, the traverse front cover plate 621 is provided with a cover plate bar hole 621a along the transverse center line, and the traverse rack 63 is fixed at the inner side of the traverse front cover plate. The traversing rack 63 may be fixed to the inner side of the traversing front cover 621 by bolts and located above or below the cover bar hole 621 a.

The nozzle fixing seat 7 comprises a square section 7a and a hollow column section 7b, and is fixedly connected by welding, a transverse moving driving motor 714 is arranged in the inner cavity of the hollow column section 7b, a rotating shaft of the transverse moving driving motor 714 penetrates through the roller connecting plate 712 and stretches into the transverse moving arm 6 from a cover plate strip-shaped hole 621a of the transverse moving front cover plate 621, and the transverse moving driving gear 713 is fixed at the free end of the rotating shaft of the transverse moving driving motor 714 and meshed with the transverse moving rack 63.

The outer diameter of the traverse driving gear 713 is smaller than the width of the cover plate bar hole 621 a. This can further enhance the lateral stability of the nozzle holder 7. The traverse arm 6 is further provided with a cover plate 622 for protecting the traverse channel 611 from impurities entering the traverse channel 611.

The forearm mechanism 5 comprises a forearm beam 52 and a rotating mechanism 51, wherein the bottom of the forearm beam 52 is connected with the rotating mechanism 51, the rotating mechanism 51 is arranged on the large arm mechanism, the forearm beam 52 can rotate in a plane by taking the rotating mechanism 51 as a fulcrum, the forearm beam is provided with a template mechanism 8 and a longitudinal moving mechanism, the longitudinal moving mechanism is provided with a spray head assembly 9, and the spray head assembly 9 can be controlled to longitudinally move on the forearm mechanism 5. The forearm beam 52 is provided with a sliding rail/sliding groove/sliding block and a longitudinal moving seat 56 which are matched with each other, wherein the sliding rail/sliding groove/sliding block is arranged at the top and/or inside the forearm beam 52, and the longitudinal moving seat 56 is matched with the sliding rail/sliding groove/sliding block and can move relative to the forearm beam in the longitudinal direction along with the spray head assembly 9.

In addition, between shower nozzle displacement mechanism, shower nozzle displacement assembly and big arm mechanism tip, still can be connected with forearm mechanism 5, connect shower nozzle displacement mechanism on the forearm mechanism 5, shower nozzle displacement mechanism includes indulges and moves mechanism and sideslip mechanism, indulge and move the mechanism and locate on the forearm mechanism 5, sideslip mechanism locates indulges and moves on the mechanism, and fine setting mechanism locates on the sideslip mechanism, and fine setting mechanism includes pitch angle control mechanism and rotation angle control mechanism.

The forearm mechanism 5 comprises a forearm beam 52 and a rotation mechanism 51, a rotation support 58 is mounted at the bottom of the forearm beam 52, a connection plate 581 is provided at the bottom of the rotation support 58, the connection plate 581 can be fixed to the rotation mechanism 51 (the rotation mechanism 51 of the present embodiment is provided as a rotary speed reducer), and the rotation mechanism can be placed on a carrier mechanism I, and other similar carriers. In the present invention, the rotating mechanism is placed on the large arm mechanism.

The forearm mechanism 5 comprises a forearm beam 52, a longitudinally movable seat 56 and a transmission member 57, wherein the longitudinally movable seat 56 and the transmission member 57 are fixed on the forearm beam 52, and the longitudinally movable seat 56 can slide along the longitudinal direction of the forearm mechanism 5 under the drive of the transmission member 57 so as to meet the requirement of adjusting the front and rear positions of the spray head assembly 9. The traversing mechanism of the head moving assembly mechanism is integrally fixed to the longitudinally movable base 56 for movement therewith.

The front end portion of the forearm beam 52 is provided with a forearm connection plate 53 for fixing a die plate support 85 of the die plate mechanism 8. The forearm beam 52 is of a hollow structure, a beam top plate 54 is covered at the top end of the forearm beam 52, two longitudinal sliding rails 55 are arranged in parallel along the two longitudinal sides of the beam top plate 54, and a longitudinal moving seat 56 is matched with the two longitudinal sliding rails 55 and can slide along the longitudinal sliding rails 55. Further, the longitudinal slide rail 55 may be replaced by two longitudinal slide plates, and the outer side surfaces of the longitudinal slide plates need to exceed the corresponding outer side edges of the beam top plate 54, so as to facilitate the clamping of the longitudinal slide plates into the sliding grooves of the longitudinal moving seat 56.

The transmission member 57 is mounted in the forearm beam 52, and the beam top plate 54 is provided with a top plate bar hole 541 along the center line thereof, so that the transmission member 57 can realize traction motion on the longitudinal movement seat 56.

The transmission member 57 is a chain transmission mechanism, and if other transmission mechanisms can achieve the same transmission function, the transmission member can also be applied to the forearm mechanism 5, such as direct oil cylinder transmission, gear transmission, rack transmission, belt transmission or rope transmission.

Further, the chain transmission mechanism comprises two chains 571, a guide wheel set, a transmission frame 574 and a driving oil cylinder 576. The two chains 571 are respectively connected with the longitudinal moving seat 56 from the front end and the rear end thereof, the connectors can be positioned on the strip-shaped holes 541 of the top plate, the chains 571 form front-rear oblique pulling transmission for the longitudinal moving seat 56, and have longitudinal pulling force and downward pulling force for the longitudinal moving seat 56, so that the longitudinal moving seat 56 is fixed on the forearm mechanism 5 more firmly, and the chain transmission has extremely high buffering effect on irregular vibration of the spray head assembly 9 during spraying and has better protection effect on the power mechanism.

The guide wheel set comprises two fixed guide wheels and two movable guide wheels, namely a fixed guide front wheel 573a and a fixed guide rear wheel 573b, which are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the inside of the forearm beam 52, and the chain driving wheel is positioned between the fixed guide front wheel 573a and the fixed guide rear wheel 573 b.

The moving guide wheels are a moving guide front wheel 572a and a moving guide rear wheel 572b, respectively, the chain includes a front zipper chain 571a and a rear zipper chain 571b, and the moving guide front wheel 572a and the moving guide rear wheel 572b can slide between the fixed guide front wheel 573a and the fixed guide rear wheel 573b in synchronization.

One end of the front zipper 571a is connected to the front end of the longitudinally movable seat 56, the other end is turned around the front guide wheel 573a, and is fastened to the front end of the inner wall of the forearm beam 52 after bypassing the front guide wheel 572a, and the same rear zipper 571b is connected to the rear end of the longitudinally movable seat 56, and the other end is turned around the rear guide wheel 573b, and is fastened to the rear end of the inner wall of the forearm beam 52 after bypassing the rear guide wheel 572 b.

The front and rear moving guide wheels 572a and 572b are simultaneously fixed to a frame 574, the frame 574 includes two frame beams 574a on both sides, the front moving guide wheels 572a and the rear moving guide wheels 572b are located between the two frame beams 574a, and frame sliding grooves 575 for sliding the frame are provided on both inner walls of the front arm beam 52.

Further, the driving rack sliding grooves on each side are composed of an upper groove plate 575a and a lower groove plate 575b which are fixed on the inner wall of the forearm beam 52 at intervals and are parallel to each other.

The axles of the front moving guide wheel 572a and the rear moving guide wheel 572b pass through the transmission frame beams 574a at two sides, so that two ends of the axle are simultaneously placed in the driving frame sliding grooves 575 at two sides, and the axle plays a role of a guide axle.

Further, rollers 578 are mounted on the free ends of the axles of the front and rear moving guide wheels 572a and 572b, so that the transmission frame 574 can move more smoothly.

The power source of the chain transmission mechanism is provided by a driving oil cylinder 576, and any one end of the transmission frame 574 is connected with a piston rod 576b of the driving oil cylinder 576 so as to provide sliding power for the transmission frame 574. In this embodiment, the cylinder body 576a of the chain drive ram 576 is mounted at the rear end within the forearm beam 52 because the rear end has a longer mounting space for ease of installation and transmission.

The chain drive cylinders 576 are connected to two drive frame beams 574a of the drive frame 574 by connecting shafts 577.

The above-mentioned complete solution that is chain drive mechanism, the special design of this scheme can make the vertical movable seat 56 slide on forearm mechanism 5 in-process, and preceding zip fastener 571a and back zip fastener 571b all can keep the tensioning state, form balanced front and back holding power to vertical movable seat 56, avoided its slip process to appear the dead phenomenon of card for the slip is more stable, has effectively reduced the fault rate.

The forearm mechanism 5 needs to be arranged on the carrier mechanism to achieve the purpose of integrally deflecting and integrally moving the connection mechanisms of the nozzle assembly 9, the template mechanism 8, the related nozzle displacement mechanism, the nozzle fine adjustment mechanism and the like, and achieve the purpose of finer control.

The sprayed concrete is added with fiber yarns, so that the formed supporting layer contains a plurality of fiber yarns.

In addition, the die spraying equipment is also provided with a control system, and the die spraying equipment is provided with a die spraying control system, and comprises a die plate fine adjustment module, a spray head displacement module, a spray module and a control module; the template fine adjustment module is used for receiving the template fine adjustment signal sent by the control module, controlling the rotation, pitching angle and the like of the template/template mechanism so as to control the formation of a die cavity between the template and the arch, so that the die cavity formed by the template, the arch and the rock face forms a good sealing effect, and the concrete is ensured not to leak in a large range in the process of being sprayed into the die cavity; the spray head displacement module is used for receiving the spray displacement signals sent by the control module and controlling the displacement of the spray head in the transverse and longitudinal directions so as to ensure that the spray head can be adjusted to the upper part of the die cavity through wide-range movement when the spray head is far away from the rock surface, the spray head fine adjustment module is used for receiving the template fine adjustment signals sent by the control module and controlling the rotation, the pitching angle and the like of the spray head/spray head assembly so as to control the angle and the direction of the spray head, ensure that the spray head faces the inside of the die cavity from the upper part of the die cavity, and meanwhile, the spray head is not perpendicular to the rock surface, preferably, the spray head is controlled to be perpendicular to the mouth part of the die cavity and aligned with the inner bottom part of the die cavity, the spray module is used for receiving the spray signals sent by the control module and controlling whether the spray of the spray concrete and the accelerator, the spray metering, the pressure and the like so as to fully mix the concrete and the accelerator, wherein the control of the concrete pumping mechanism is respectively included, the control of the concrete pumping mechanism is used for controlling the quantity of the accelerator sprayed into the die cavity, the concrete and the accelerator are precisely controlled to be mixed and then can be quickly mixed and quickly solidified in the die cavity, wherein in the pumping mechanism of the accelerator, the pumping equipment of the accelerator adopts a frequency converter control mode, the pumping flow of the accelerator is regulated by controlling the rotating speed of a motor through the frequency converter, and of course, the pumping flow of the accelerator is regulated by a hydraulic motor. In the same way, the spraying of concrete can be controlled using similar principles. The control module is used for controlling the components of the whole system, can be connected to a remote control end in a wireless/wired mode, can be used for performing remote control through the remote control end, is in signal connection with a controller on the die spraying equipment through a wireless remote controller, transmits control signals to the controller on the die spraying equipment through the wireless remote controller, and controls the action of each mechanism through the controller on the die spraying equipment to realize the control of the action of the die spraying equipment.

The automatic spraying module is used for detecting the concrete spraying states in different spraying modes (for example, a camera is arranged at the upper end of a template or at a nozzle of a spray nozzle and used for monitoring the spraying states of the concrete) by adopting an image technology based on a mould spraying control technology, sending a signal to the control module for judgment, and sending the signal to the spray nozzle fine adjustment module in time when the signal is needed, so that the spraying angle or the spraying position of the spray nozzle is adjusted, and high-efficiency spraying is realized. In addition, the module can include one, two, three or more according to the number of the mold cavities, then the automatic shotcrete mold plate is correspondingly matched according to the number of the mold cavities, if three mold cavities are adopted, concrete is sprayed from the three mold cavities one by one, when the first mold cavity is about to reach the full position, whether the sprayed concrete reaches the full state is judged through a sensor or an infrared sensor and the like of the mold plate (the mold plate/mold plate mechanism is provided with a sensor or an infrared sensor and the like at the mouth/inlet of the mold cavity formed by the rock surface), and collected data instruct the shotcrete to finish and replace the next mold cavity. In addition, the automatic guniting module can realize the functions of automatically aligning the template and guniting through the intelligent control by three-dimensional scanning of the section and the arm support. The mould cavity full-spraying detection module is used for detecting whether the mould cavity is full of concrete, a sensor can be additionally arranged on the spray head or above the mould plate to detect whether the material in the mould cavity is full of concrete, after the full spraying is detected, a full-spraying signal is sent to the control module, and the control module rapidly controls the spraying control system and the control module to close the spraying of the accelerator and the concrete, so that the manual observation is replaced, the waste of the concrete and the accelerator is reduced, and meanwhile, the damage or the safety accident caused by the concrete overflow to the site construction can be avoided. The system comprises a control module, a slurry spraying pipe material detection module, a slurry spraying pipe sensor, a slurry spraying pipe control module and a control module, wherein the slurry spraying pipe is provided with a sensor, whether one section of the slurry spraying pipe is free of materials is detected, if the slurry spraying pipe is free of materials, a signal of the slurry spraying pipe is sent to the control module, the control module controls an accelerator pumping system in the injection system to send a closing signal, so that the pumping of an accelerator is closed, namely the supply of the accelerator is immediately cut off, when the slurry spraying pipe is detected to be free of materials, a signal of the slurry spraying pipe is sent to the control module, the control module controls an accelerator pumping system in the injection system to send an opening signal, and the supply of the accelerator is immediately restored. The accelerator monitoring module mainly comprises a sensor arranged at the mixing front section of an accelerator pipe and an air pipe, and is used for detecting whether an accelerator exists in a pipeline, sending an alarm signal to the control module when the accelerator does not exist in the pipeline, and sending a pumping stop signal to the concrete pumping module by the control module so as to stop pumping of concrete, thereby preventing the situation that the whole concrete falls due to the absence of the accelerator.

And the support time module is mainly used for presetting a proportioning relation and a time relation according to the accelerator blending amount, so that the support is ensured, the accelerator blending amount is input when the concrete is sprayed, the support time is automatically generated according to the preset corresponding relation between the accelerator blending amount and the support time, the concrete spraying time or the full spraying time is started from the mold cavity, and when the support time reaches the preset time, a signal is sent to the control module, and the control module sends prompt information. In addition, in daily use, the arch segments of the arch centering are usually partitioned, and when in use, the arch segments can be preselected in a control module, and the control module prompts the mixing amount and the supporting time of the accelerator according to a pre-stored system or relation. The support time module has the function of automatically determining demoulding time, a detection device (such as a sensor, a hardness sensor and the like) is arranged on the template, the solidification condition of concrete can be detected, the detection device detects the condition of the concrete in the die cavity and compares the condition with the preset condition (such as strength, hardness, fluidity and the like), if the condition meets the preset requirement, a signal is fed back to the control module, the control module sends a signal to the template mechanism to automatically demould or prompt an operator to demould, and the construction difficulty is reduced.

On the one hand, the automatic template alignment module is used for judging whether the template is attached to the arch frame or not through the set hydraulic pressure sensor for monitoring and feeding back the hydraulic pressure value, if the fed back hydraulic pressure value reaches a preset value or interval, a signal is sent to the control module, and further attachment between the template and the arch frame is closed, so that the template is protected from plastic deformation. On the other hand, when the template/template mechanism of the whole template spraying equipment is stopped on the tunnel face and fixed in position, the internal condition of the tunnel is scanned through an imaging technology, a position sensor or a sensor is arranged on the template, template distance information is summarized through sensing the distance between the template and the excavated rock face and the like, the template distance information is transmitted to an automatic template matching module, the template matching module automatically scans according to the imaging technology and performs analysis of the arch frame imaging to data, the simulation forming module performs simulation imaging, at the moment, the automatic template matching module automatically senses the position and the distance through comparing the imaging with the position relation (the sensor) of the equipment, an automatic alignment signal is sent to an execution module, and at the moment, the execution module controls the template/template module to adjust so as to repeatedly control the template to perform automatic alignment. The two main requirements are that the first point is that the equipment is fixed in position on the face. And a second point is used for finding a datum point on the equipment, and the position from the datum point to the arch and the position from the datum point to the template surface have a correlation, so that the requirement of automatic template is met.

The automatic spray head aligning module is in signal connection with the control module and comprises a detection function module, a judging function module and an adjusting function module, wherein the detection function module is used for detecting the parallel relation between a spray head assembly and a template/template mechanism in real time and carrying out comparison judgment on information detected in real time and on-line information by the information transmission judging function module, if the information is parallel to the information, an unregulated signal is sent to the adjusting function module, if the information is not parallel to the information, an adjusting signal is sent to the adjusting function module, the adjusting function module is used for automatically aligning the parallel position of the spray head through the position of the spray head and the position of the module after the template is aligned, and the automatic spray head aligning module is mainly used for forming a mold cavity in initial template positioning and preventing the position of the spray head from being aligned in the using process.

In addition, in the die spraying equipment, a monitoring system is required to be arranged, and is mainly used for monitoring the state of the equipment and recording parameters in real time, including real-time recording of the state of the die spraying equipment, the consumption of an accelerator and equipment experiments, uploading the real-time recording to a network, and leaving relevant data and providing data support for the future, or the die spraying equipment can be provided with the monitoring template, which is mainly used for off-line monitoring and recording, and uniformly storing the data after the tunnel is constructed for a certain distance, or a chip is preset on the primary support of the tunnel according to the prior chip technology, and the data information of all tunnel constructions is stored through the chip, so that the data support is provided for the future maintenance/repair.

In the die spraying equipment, a closed-loop control system for adjusting the displacement of the accelerator can be further arranged, namely an adjusting mechanism is arranged in the spraying system, the rotating speed of the adjusting mechanism can be positively adjusted through current control, a flowmeter is additionally arranged on a pump outlet of the accelerator, the flow data are transmitted to a spraying control module through actual testing, and the spraying control module is continuously corrected through actual testing feedback and comparison with a theoretical value, so that accurate control of the displacement adjustment of the accelerator is realized.

In addition, the control system can also be provided with a charging module which has the functions of paying the expense and presetting the time, the expense is counted or calculated from the starting time, the preset time value is reduced by the deduction module preset in the control system until the expense is paid in advance/the preset time is used up, and the vehicle is stopped until the expense is paid in advance and the preset time is not used continuously.

In the die spraying equipment, most of the functions of displacement, rotation, fine adjustment and the like are realized by adopting an oil cylinder, so that the possibility of leakage of hydraulic oil is possible in the use process of the equipment, a hydraulic oil monitoring module is needed to be arranged, for example, a liquid level sensor is added to a hydraulic oil tank to detect the liquid level, the consumption of the hydraulic oil is monitored, when the hydraulic oil reaches a preset value or less, an alarm signal is sent to a control module immediately,

(II) control mode

1. All actions of the die spraying equipment are manually controlled, all actions such as rotation, movement, adjustment and displacement on the whole die spraying equipment can be completed by adopting an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a motor to drive a chain, a motor to drive a gear or other similar driving mechanisms, so that control buttons/control keys and the like of all moving mechanisms can be integrated together and are manually controlled by manpower, although the actions are manually controlled, all moving mechanisms can be still integrated into a control system of the die spraying equipment, and the control module is used for controlling components of the whole system during manual control.

2. The full-automatic control system is characterized in that a control module of the whole control system is an automatic control system, the full-automatic control system always comprises an automatic operation technology of a template mechanism and/or a spray head assembly and an automatic driving technology of a trolley/frame body, wherein the template mechanism and/or the spray head assembly can automatically operate, shooting equipment such as an image camera and a magnetic induction camera can be arranged on a template or a spray head, the shape of a steel arch is shot in advance through the image technology, the shooting equipment is connected with a simulation forming module through signals, the simulation forming module is connected with a calculation module through signals, after corresponding image information is shot by the shooting equipment, the simulation forming module is transmitted to the simulation forming module, the simulation forming module is used for simulating the appearance of the arch based on three-dimensional fitting, the simulation forming module is used for simulating the imaging, the simulation forming information is transmitted to a calculation module, the calculation module calculates the actual movement track of the template through calculating various parameters, the calculation module is connected with an execution module through signals, an execution command is transmitted to the execution module, and the template is driven to move according to the track through an electronic control element, and therefore the automatic operation of the template mechanism and/or the spray head assembly is controlled. The automatic control system is also provided with a deviation rectifying module, when the template mechanism is in the running process, the image shot by the shooting equipment is compared with the actual template in the moving process to generate deviation, and at the moment, the deviation rectifying module can send deviation rectifying signals to the execution module through image feedback, and meanwhile, the moving track of the template is adjusted, so that closed-loop control is realized, and the moving track of the template can be controlled at a high progress. The intelligent control can adopt remote control (mobile phone, pad, etc.) control equipment and monitoring equipment, or can carry out communication connection control through a mobile network and the Internet.

Of course, if the die spraying device adopts the die spraying trolley or the die spraying frame body, the die spraying device can be matched and arranged according to the existing automatic driving technology, so that the trolley can automatically run.

In addition, in order to ensure construction safety, the equipment also has a shutdown locking function. When the detected equipment is abnormal, the manufacturer and the equipment service can lock the equipment by one key, so that the equipment stops working.

And (5) a die spraying trolley. The die spraying device is characterized in that the die spraying device comprises a die spraying trolley, a die spraying device and a die spraying device, wherein the die spraying device is arranged on the die spraying device, and the die spraying device is connected with a die spraying device through a connecting rod. When the trolley enters the tunnel, the middle position sensor can be arranged on the trolley and used for controlling and monitoring steering automatic centering or semi-automatic centering so as to center wheels, and the middle position of the trolley is convenient for simultaneously constructing two sides of the tunnel and operating a vault. The braking control system, the service braking single-circuit control system, the braking control system, the service braking double-circuit control system and the braking system are designed in such a way that the parking adopts an electronic hand brake and an under-voltage alarm, and can be designed by adopting the existing system.

And the equipment shutdown locking function can lock equipment by one key when equipment abnormality is detected, so that equipment stops working.

3. Semi-automatic control, in order to realize man-machine integration construction, can adopt full-automatic and manual control mode that combines each other with mould equipment, some inconvenient location or control, or the higher action of degree of difficulty is by manual control, and simple action is then accomplished by equipment is automatic, if can adjust the position of shower nozzle mechanism through manual control adjustment shower nozzle after, the rethread automation starts mould equipment to realize the effect that the shower nozzle subassembly spouted the concrete to the die cavity in automation. The control of the spray head and the arm support is switched, the arm support of the spray head can be manually and automatically controlled to be switched, and each action of spraying slurry is automatically controlled after manual adjustment is in place, so that the operation difficulty is reduced.

The tunnel die spraying process comprises the following steps:

Step 1, controlling a template mechanism to be close to a rock wall excavation position, and adjusting the pitching and rotating angles of the template mechanism to enable a template body, the rock wall and other accessory mechanisms/accessory structures to be matched to form a die cavity for pouring;

Step 2, moving the nozzle assembly to the upper part of the die cavity, and adjusting the angle of the nozzle assembly relative to the die cavity to enable the nozzle assembly to be not perpendicular to the rock wall and to face a pouring opening at the top of the die cavity at an optimal angle;

Step 3, starting a concrete pumping mechanism, an accelerator pumping mechanism and compressed air supply equipment of the injection system, conveying concrete, accelerator and compressed air to a material-agent mixer, controlling the mixing proportion of the concrete and the accelerator, and injecting the concrete mixed with the accelerator into a die cavity by the compressed air after the material-agent mixer is mixed until the die cavity is full of the concrete;

and 4, forming a supporting layer after the concrete to be sprayed reaches the supporting time, for example, 30 seconds to 10 minutes, and controlling the template mechanism to be far away from the supporting layer to finish the die spraying.

In addition, the tunnel is divided into the side arch sections and the top arch sections from the arch direction, when the tunnel is subjected to mould spraying, the bottom of the tunnel is used as a support for mould spraying, after the side arch sections of the front section are subjected to mould spraying and form a supporting layer, the side arch sections of the front section are used as the bottom support of the side arch section of the next section, and the like, the side arch sections and the top arch sections are subjected to mould spraying from bottom to top, and when the top arch sections are subjected to mould spraying, a spray head assembly is selected to complete a spraying process or spray the side arch sections and the top arch sections on two sides are connected into a whole.

In the mould spraying process, the template mechanism and one of the two steel arches form a mould cavity, or form two or three mould cavities with two or three of the plurality of steel arches, and the number of the mould cavities can be sprayed with concrete from left to right and from the middle to two sides.

The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.

Claims

1. Tunnel mold spraying equipment, characterized in that it includes a nozzle assembly, a template mechanism and a spraying system. During the tunnel construction process, the template mechanism cooperates with the tunnel excavation rock surface to form a mold cavity, the nozzle assembly is placed above the mold cavity and the nozzle faces the mold cavity; the nozzle assembly is connected to the spraying system, and the concrete filled with the quick-setting agent is pumped to the nozzle assembly, and the nozzle assembly sprays the concrete into the mold cavity at an angle not perpendicular to the rock surface, so that the concrete solidifies in the mold cavity to form a supporting layer; a replaceable partition is provided on the working surface of the template mechanism; the template mechanism includes an electromagnetic template, an electromagnetic template The plate includes a plurality of template units and connectors, the template units are parallel to each other and connected by connectors to form a curtain-like rollable electromagnetic template; each template unit is equipped with an independent electromagnet and has an independent power supply circuit, after the electromagnet of each template unit is energized, its two ends can be simultaneously adsorbed on two or more adjacent steel arch frames, so that the template units adsorbed on the steel arch frames, the steel arch frames and the tunnel rock surface form a mold cavity to be poured; the template unit is arranged in a multi-section structure; the template unit includes a template main unit and a template auxiliary unit arranged on both sides of the template main unit and connected by a ball head.

2. The tunnel mold spraying equipment as described in claim 1 is characterized in that: the nozzle assembly is arranged on the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism, and the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism adjusts the pitch angle and/or rotation angle, or three-dimensional angle of the nozzle assembly; the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism is arranged on the nozzle displacement mechanism; the nozzle displacement mechanism controls the displacement of the nozzle assembly in space.

3. The tunnel mold spraying equipment as described in claim 2 is characterized in that: the injection system includes a concrete pumping mechanism, an accelerator pumping mechanism, a compressed air supply device and a material mixer; the concrete pumping mechanism is connected to the material mixer to feed the concrete into the material mixer; the accelerator pumping mechanism is connected to the material mixer to feed the accelerator into the material mixer to mix with the concrete; the compressed air supply device is connected to the material mixer to feed compressed air into the material mixer; the material mixer is provided with a nozzle assembly.

4. The tunnel mold spraying equipment as described in claim 2 is characterized in that: a template adjustment mechanism is provided on the template mechanism, and the template adjustment mechanism adjusts the distance between the template and the rock surface, adjusts the pitch angle and/or rotation angle, or three-dimensional angle of the template mechanism, so that a mold cavity/demolding is formed between the template mechanism and the rock surface.

5. The tunnel mold spraying equipment as described in claim 2 is characterized in that: the nozzle displacement mechanism and/or the template fine-tuning mechanism are arranged on the supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism can drive the template mechanism and/or the nozzle assembly to approach/move away from the rock excavation surface.

6. The tunnel mold spraying equipment as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized in that: a steel arch frame is provided on the tunnel excavation rock surface, and the template mechanism, the steel arch frame and the excavation rock surface cooperate to form a mold cavity; or no mold cavity is provided in the tunnel excavation rock surface, and the template mechanism and the excavation rock surface directly cooperate to form a mold cavity; the concrete is sprayed into the mold cavity from the top of the mold cavity through the nozzle assembly by the injection system, and solidified in the mold cavity to form a support layer.

7. The tunnel spraying equipment as described in claim 6 is characterized in that: a plurality of steel arch frames are arranged in parallel and at intervals in the length direction of the tunnel, the steel arch frames are arranged in an arch shape on the tunnel rock wall, and concrete is sprayed on the tunnel rock wall between any adjacent steel arch frames to form a supporting layer, the supporting layer is an arch structure formed by a plurality of supporting blocks connected in sequence; both sides of the supporting layer are respectively bonded to the steel arch frames, the surface of the supporting layer is a curved surface with the same curvature as the steel arch frames, and the surface of the supporting layer is flat.

8. The tunnel mold spraying equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: a control system is also provided, the control system includes a template adjustment module, a nozzle fine-tuning module, a nozzle displacement module, a spray module and a control module; wherein the template adjustment module is used to receive the template adjustment signal sent by the control module, and control the rotation and pitch angle of the template/template mechanism to control the formation of a mold cavity/demolding between the template mechanism and the rock surface; the nozzle displacement module is used to receive the spray displacement signal sent by the control module, control the displacement of the nozzle in the horizontal and longitudinal directions, and adjust the nozzle to the top of the mold cavity; the nozzle fine-tuning module is used to receive the template fine-tuning signal sent by the control module, and control the rotation and pitch angle of the nozzle/nozzle assembly to control the angle/direction of the nozzle to ensure that the concrete sprayed by the nozzle is not perpendicular to the rock surface; the spray module is used to receive the spray signal sent by the control module, and control the mixing and pumping of concrete and quick-setting agent; the control module is used to control the operation of each module of the entire system, and the control module can be connected to the remote control terminal by wireless/wired mode, receive the control signal of the remote control terminal, and send control signals to each module respectively.

9. The tunnel mold spraying equipment as described in claim 5 is characterized in that: the supporting mechanism is configured as a supporting arm frame, and the supporting arm frame is configured as a large arm, a large arm and an auxiliary arm, two arms, three arms or a frame-type arm frame structure, wherein the template mechanism and the nozzle assembly are arranged on the supporting arm frame.

10. The tunnel mold spraying equipment as described in claim 9 is characterized in that: the support arm is configured as a large arm, the support arm is configured as a telescopic arm structure or a folding arm structure, a wet spraying forearm is provided on the end of the support arm, and a template mechanism is provided on the end of the wet spraying forearm; a nozzle displacement mechanism is provided on the wet spraying forearm, a nozzle fine-tuning mechanism is provided on the nozzle displacement mechanism, and a nozzle assembly is provided on the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism to adjust the spatial displacement, angle and direction of the nozzle assembly.