CN111208046A - Test loading method for simulating hydraulic excitation process of deep underground engineering - Google Patents
Test loading method for simulating hydraulic excitation process of deep underground engineering Download PDFInfo
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- CN111208046A CN111208046A CN202010018233.XA CN202010018233A CN111208046A CN 111208046 A CN111208046 A CN 111208046A CN 202010018233 A CN202010018233 A CN 202010018233A CN 111208046 A CN111208046 A CN 111208046A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a test loading method for simulating a hydraulic excitation process of deep underground engineering. The test loading method provided by the invention can completely reproduce the deep underground engineering hydraulic excitation process and can evaluate the hydraulic characteristics of the deep underground engineering hydraulic excitation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical experiments, in particular to a test loading method for simulating a hydraulic excitation process of deep underground engineering.
Background
Deep underground works, such as the development of shale gas, underground sequestration of carbon dioxide, enhanced geothermal systems, etc., are effective methods for reducing carbon dioxide concentrations and are currently being studied in various countries throughout the world. In all of these projects, the process of injecting a large amount of fluid into the underground is involved, and how to reproduce the process of hydraulic excitation of deep underground projects is of great significance for evaluation of deep underground projects.
The inventor believes that relevant experimental equipment and experimental methods for research in the field are lacked at present, and in the current research, the traditional three-axis simulation device and simulation method are generally used, the current loading mode is active loading, namely, loading of shear displacement is realized by a piston, and the deep underground engineering hydraulic excitation process can only be reproduced to a certain extent, and reasonable simulation design is not made for the geophysical phenomenon of hydraulic excitation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing experimental device and method for researching the hydraulic excitation process of the deep underground engineering, the invention aims to provide a test loading method for simulating the hydraulic excitation process of the deep underground engineering, so as to realize the simulation of the hydraulic excitation process of the deep underground engineering. The test loading method for simulating the hydraulic excitation process of the deep underground engineering is provided by combining the existing triaxial test instrument and the seepage loading system. The invention summarizes the hydraulic excitation process, and further analyzes the mechanical mechanism thereof to guide the experimental design. In order to research the hydraulic coupling characteristics of the fracture in a natural state, a core taking method of a deep rock mass rock sample is designed, and based on test requirements and purposes, a test loading mode is designed, so that the process simulation of the joint matching of the rock mass fracture, the saturation of the rock mass, the loading of surrounding rocks and the fracture slippage under hydraulic excitation is realized, a 3D printing technology is used for printing a rubber material with specific Shore hardness, the plugging of a cavity is realized, and the smooth proceeding of the slippage is ensured; the test loading method provided by the invention can completely reproduce the deep underground engineering hydraulic excitation process and can evaluate the hydraulic characteristics of the deep underground engineering hydraulic excitation process.
The invention aims to provide a test loading method for simulating a hydraulic excitation process of deep underground engineering.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention discloses the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a test loading method for simulating a hydraulic excitation process of deep underground engineering.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining an original core;
2) performing fracture detection on the original rock core, and processing the rock core around the fracture into a cuboid by taking the fracture as a central line to obtain a cuboid rock core;
3) fixing the cuboid rock core, and coring by taking the fracture as a center to obtain a standard cylindrical rock core;
4) cutting off the rock core at the opposite angle of the crack, and filling the cut rock core with a rubber block to obtain an observation rock core;
5) and assembling the observation rock core on the rock core holder, connecting a triaxial test instrument and a fluid loading system, and starting an experiment.
Further, the cut core is scanned, and according to the scanning data, the rubber material is printed by using a 3D printing technology to obtain the rubber block.
Further, in the step 5), the joint and the matching of the crack surfaces are realized through the cyclic load of low confining pressure; saturating the sample with a low flow rate; and applying confining pressure to the rock sample at a low loading rate, and applying a load at the early stage of the test.
Further, in step 5), the permeability before the hydraulic excitation is measured using the cubic law.
Further, when the test is carried out on the observation rock core, the method comprises the following steps:
1) applying a hydraulic load across the sample using two pumps, one of which provides a constant flow and the other of which provides a constant pressure, and after maintaining a set time m1, calculating the permeability q 1;
2) step 1), after stopping, stopping one of the two pumps, continuously pressurizing two ends of the sample by using one pump, and simulating the process of rising the water pressure of underground injection; stopping pressurization immediately after the fracture slippage at time T0 and maintaining the pressure at time T0 using a pump;
3) after stopping sliding in the crack at a time point T1, repeating the step 2), reducing the water pressure to a set value p1, keeping the set time m1, repeating the step 1), and calculating the permeability qn after sliding;
4) and (5) repeating the step 2) to the step 3), so that the permeability change rule F (q) after multiple sliding can be obtained.
Further, in step 4), the water pressure range of the repeated experiment is within the strength of the rubber block.
And further wrapping the observed rock core before testing the observed rock core.
Further, a sample is wrapped by using a teflon tape or other materials with the same effect; the outer surface of the Teflon adhesive is wrapped by a white transparent heat-shrinkable tube.
Further, the observed core size is a standard geophysical core.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the existing loading mode is active loading, namely, the loading of shearing displacement is realized by a piston, and the hydraulic excitation process of deep underground engineering can be reproduced only to a certain extent. Based on the test requirements and purposes, the invention innovatively designs a test loading mode, the same pump is used for testing the pressure of two ends of a sample, the process of rising the water pressure of underground water injection is simulated, and after a crack slides, pressurization is stopped, so that the hydraulic excitation process of deep underground engineering can be completely realized and simulated.
2) The test process provided by the invention realizes the joint matching of the rock body fracture, the saturation of the rock body, the loading of surrounding rock and the fracture slippage under hydraulic excitation. Based on the 3D printing technology, the filling of the cavity is realized, and the smooth sliding is ensured due to the rubber material. Finally, the permeability before and after slippage can be calculated by using a cubic law or other hydraulic laws. Therefore, the test loading method provided by the invention can completely reproduce the deep underground engineering hydraulic excitation process and can evaluate the hydraulic characteristics of the deep underground engineering hydraulic excitation process.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the original core in an example,
figure 2 is an elevation view of a cuboid core in an embodiment,
figure 3 is a graph of cylindrical core sampling ranges in an example,
figure 4 is a schematic illustration of an example core cut-away,
FIG. 5 is an axial schematic view of the rubber block structure in the embodiment,
figure 6 is a radial schematic view of the structure of the rubber block in the embodiment,
figure 7 is a schematic view of the core structure after filling with rubber blocks in the example,
FIG. 8 shows the test results in the examples.
In the figure, 1, original rock core, 2, crack, 3, cuboid rock core, 4, cylindrical rock core, 5, cutting block, 6, rubber block, 7, triangular groove, 8 and circular hole.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and furthermore, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc., are only used for descriptive purposes and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As the background art shows, aiming at the defects of the existing experimental device and method for researching the hydraulic excitation process of the deep underground engineering, the invention aims to provide the experimental loading method for simulating the hydraulic excitation process of the deep underground engineering, so as to realize the simulation of the hydraulic excitation process of the deep underground engineering. The test loading method for simulating the hydraulic excitation process of the deep underground engineering is provided by combining the existing triaxial test instrument and the seepage loading system. The invention summarizes the hydraulic excitation process, and further analyzes the mechanical mechanism thereof to guide the experimental design. In order to research the hydraulic coupling characteristics of the fracture in a natural state, a core taking method of a deep rock mass rock sample is designed, and based on test requirements and purposes, a test loading mode is designed, so that the process simulation of the joint matching of the rock mass fracture, the saturation of the rock mass, the loading of surrounding rocks and the fracture slippage under hydraulic excitation is realized, a 3D printing technology is used for printing a rubber material with specific Shore hardness, the plugging of a cavity is realized, and the smooth proceeding of the slippage is ensured; the test loading method provided by the invention can completely reproduce the hydraulic excitation process of the deep underground engineering and can evaluate the hydraulic characteristics of the deep underground engineering, and the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the specific implementation mode.
Examples
The embodiment discloses a test loading method for simulating a hydraulic excitation process of deep underground engineering, after coring, in order to guarantee the natural state of a fracture, opposite corners of the fracture are cut off, a 3D printing technology is used for printing a rubber material, then a rubber block is used for filling, a processed rock core is assembled on a rock core holder, a triaxial test instrument and a fluid loading system are connected, and a test is started.
In this embodiment, through the processing of the core that obtains, the rubber piece both can prevent the compression in space under the confining pressure effect, also can guarantee the emergence of shearing displacement. Meanwhile, it should be noted that in the experimental method provided by this embodiment, the cracks inside the core can be completely preserved to protect the core, so that the phenomenon of hydraulic coupling to hydraulic excitation can be sufficiently observed during the pressurization test.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of a sample:
in order to reproduce the structural surface state of the underground native fracture, the core is taken by a standard drill bit, and then the core is transported to a laboratory to distinguish the fracture in the core; processing the rock core around the fracture into a cuboid to obtain a cuboid rock core, fixing the cuboid rock core by using an iron ring or other flexible firmware (such as a binding band), coring by using the fracture as the center, and coring the standard geophysical rock core to obtain the cylindrical rock core.
2) Shearing and slipping:
to ensure the natural state of the fracture, the opposite corners of the fracture are cut, it being understood that in this embodiment, the opposite corners of the fracture are cut by cutting a portion of the core in which the fracture is located, and then filled with a rubber block. It will be appreciated that the cutting-out process in this embodiment is performed on a cylindrical core, and therefore the cut pieces cut out are in the shape of columns having a semicircular cross-sectional shape.
3) Assembling the processed core to a core holder by the steps 1) and 2), connecting a triaxial test instrument and a fluid loading system, and starting the test.
4) In order to realize the hydraulic excitation process related to deep underground engineering, the joint and the matching of a crack surface are realized through the cyclic load of low confining pressure; saturating the sample with a low flow rate; applying confining pressure to the rock sample using a low loading rate;
the permeability before hydraulic excitation is measured by using a cubic law or other hydraulic methods, the two ends of a sample are tested by using the same pump, the process that the pressure of underground water injection rises is simulated, after the crack slides, pressurization is stopped, after the crack stops sliding, the water pressure is reduced in the same mode, the permeability after hydraulic excitation is calculated, and the experimental process is repeated for many times within the strength of the rubber block.
In the step 3), the rubber block is obtained through 3D printing, and the hardness of the rubber block is specific Shore hardness, so that the rubber block can prevent the compression of the gap under the action of confining pressure and can also ensure the occurrence of shearing displacement. It can be understood that, because the shape of the cutting block is a column with a semicircular section, the shape of the rubber block is also a column with a semicircular section; and the rubber block has the round hole that the axial runs through, cuts into the chamfer at the straight arris portion in the outside of rubber block, forms triangle-shaped slot after combining with cylindrical core, makes things convenient for the fluidic in the experiment to pass through.
In the step 4), filling the cutting part of the rock sample by using a rubber block; in order to ensure that the fluid passes through the crack, the sample is wrapped by Teflon glue or other material strips with equivalent efficacy; the outer surface of the heat-shrinkable tube is wrapped by a white transparent heat-shrinkable tube, and the heat-shrinkable tube is heated by a heat gun to finally form a whole. And then added to a tri-axial apparatus.
It can be understood that the triaxial test apparatus used in the present embodiment is a loading device commonly used in the existing underground engineering experiment, and the detailed structure thereof is not described herein again. However, it should be mentioned that, in the present embodiment, when loading is performed, please refer to fig. 8, fig. 8 shows a test flow for simulating a hydraulic excitation process of deep underground engineering, and at a stage t1 to t2, the joint and matching of the fracture surface are realized through a cyclic load of low confining pressure; a period from t2 to t3, the sample is saturated with a low flow rate; a period from t3 to t4, applying confining pressure to the rock sample by using a low loading rate; the stages from t4 to t5 and from t6 to t7, the permeability before hydraulic excitation is determined by using the cube law or other hydraulic methods; and in the stage from t5 to t6, a pump is used for testing the pressure of two ends of the sample, the process of increasing the water pressure of underground water injection is simulated, after the crack slides, the pressure is stopped, after the crack stops sliding, the water pressure is reduced in the same way, the permeability after hydraulic excitation is calculated, and the experimental process is repeated for many times within the strength of the rubber block.
That is, in this embodiment, when performing an experiment on an observation core, the following steps are included:
1) applying a hydraulic load across the specimen using two pumps, one of which provides a constant flow and the other of which provides a constant pressure, and after maintaining a set time m1 (t 1 to t3 in fig. 8), calculating the permeability q 1;
2) step 1), after stopping, stopping one of the two pumps, and continuously pressurizing two ends of the sample by using the one pump (the process between t5 and t6 in the figure 8) to simulate the process of increasing the water pressure of underground water injection; stopping pressurization immediately after the fracture slips at time point T0 (T6 in fig. 8), and maintaining the pressure at time point T0 using a pump;
3) after the fracture stops sliding at a time point T1 (T7 in FIG. 8), repeating the step 2) (the process from T7 to T8 in FIG. 8), reducing the water pressure to a set value p1, keeping the set time m1 (from T8 to T9 in FIG. 8), repeating the step 1), and calculating the permeability qn after sliding;
4) and (5) repeating the step 2) to the step 3), so that the permeability change rule F (q) after multiple sliding can be obtained.
The cyclic load of low confining pressure is the function that triaxial test instrument has.
The low flow rate is the flow rate of the test fluid.
The low loading rate is a function of the triaxial test instrument.
After many experiments, the average permeability or other statistically significant values after hydraulic stimulation can be calculated using statistical principles.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A test loading method for simulating a hydraulic excitation process of deep underground engineering is characterized in that fracture detection is carried out on an original rock core after the original rock core is obtained, the original rock core at the opposite angle of the fracture is cut off after the fracture is detected, then a rubber block is used for filling, an observation rock core is obtained, and a test is carried out.
2. The test loading method for simulating a hydraulic excitation process for deep subterranean engineering according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) obtaining an original core;
2) performing fracture detection on the original rock core, and processing the rock core around the fracture into a cuboid to obtain a cuboid rock core;
3) fixing the cuboid rock core, and coring by taking the fracture as a center to obtain a cylindrical rock core;
4) cutting off the rock core at the opposite angle of the crack, and filling the cut rock core with a rubber block to obtain an observation rock core;
5) and assembling the observation rock core on the rock core holder, connecting a triaxial test instrument and a fluid loading system, and starting an experiment.
3. A test loading method for simulating a hydraulic excitation process for deep underground engineering according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cut core is scanned and the rubber material is printed using 3D printing technique to obtain a rubber block based on the scanned data.
4. The test loading method for simulating the hydraulic excitation process of the deep underground engineering according to claim 2, wherein in the step 5), the fitting and matching of the crack surfaces are realized through the cyclic load of low confining pressure; saturating the sample with a low flow rate; confining pressure is applied to the rock sample using a low loading rate.
5. The test loading method for simulating the hydraulic excitation process of the deep underground engineering according to claim 2, wherein in the step 5), the permeability before the hydraulic excitation is measured.
6. The test loading method for simulating the hydraulic excitation process of the deep underground engineering according to claim 1, wherein the test of the observation core comprises the following steps:
1) applying a hydraulic load across the sample using two pumps, one of which provides a constant flow and the other of which provides a constant pressure, and after maintaining a set time m1, calculating the permeability q 1;
2) step 1), after stopping, stopping one of the two pumps, continuously pressurizing two ends of the sample by using one pump, and simulating the process of rising the water pressure of underground injection; stopping pressurization immediately after the fracture slippage at time T0 and maintaining the pressure at time T0 using a pump;
3) after stopping sliding in the crack at a time point T1, repeating the step 2), reducing the water pressure to a set value p1, keeping the set time m1, repeating the step 1), and calculating the permeability qn after sliding;
4) and (5) repeating the step 2) to the step 3), so that the permeability change rule F (q) after multiple sliding can be obtained.
7. The test loading method for simulating the hydraulic excitation process of the deep underground engineering according to claim 6, wherein in the step 4), the water pressure range of the repeated test is within the strength of the rubber block.
8. The test loading method for simulating the hydraulic excitation process of deep underground engineering according to claim 1, wherein the observation core is wrapped before testing the observation core.
9. The test loading method for simulating the hydraulic excitation process of the deep underground engineering according to claim 8, wherein a teflon tape or other materials with the same effect are used for wrapping the test sample; the outer surface of the Teflon adhesive is wrapped by a white transparent heat-shrinkable tube.
10. The test loading method for simulating a hydraulic excitation process for deep subterranean engineering of claim 1, wherein the observed core size is a standard geophysical core.
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