CN111183995A - Application of pesticide composition containing fludioxonil and thifluzamide to prevention and treatment of peanut diseases or insect pests - Google Patents
Application of pesticide composition containing fludioxonil and thifluzamide to prevention and treatment of peanut diseases or insect pests Download PDFInfo
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- CN111183995A CN111183995A CN202010115856.9A CN202010115856A CN111183995A CN 111183995 A CN111183995 A CN 111183995A CN 202010115856 A CN202010115856 A CN 202010115856A CN 111183995 A CN111183995 A CN 111183995A
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- thifluzamide
- fludioxonil
- peanut
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
Abstract
The invention relates to application of a pesticide composition containing fludioxonil and thifluzamide to prevention and treatment of peanut diseases or insect pests, wherein the effective components of the pesticide composition comprise fludioxonil and thifluzamide, and the mass ratio of the fludioxonil to the thifluzamide is 6: 1-1: 10. The technical scheme of the invention has obvious synergistic effect on preventing and treating peanut diseases or insect pests, particularly southern blight, can effectively overcome the defect of single dosage, and has broad-spectrum bactericidal effect; the duration of the medicament can be prolonged, the times of medicament application are reduced, the use amount and the use cost of chemical pesticides are effectively reduced, and the environment-friendly effect is achieved; and can effectively delay the generation and development of resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pesticides, and particularly relates to application of a pesticide composition containing fludioxonil and thifluzamide to prevention and treatment of peanut diseases or insect pests.
Background
Peanuts are one of the most important oil crops in the world, and the planting area is second to that of rapes, so that the peanuts play a very important role in the world oil production. The southern blight of peanut is a common soil-borne fungal disease caused by infection of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc, the host range of the disease is wide, and the disease can infect more than 500 kinds of plants, including some important crops such as wheat, soybean, peanut, sesame, tomato, sunflower and the like. In the last 10 years, the number of peanut southern blight occurring in major peanut producing areas such as Shandong, Henan, Guangdong, Liaoning and Jiangxi in China has increased year by year, and becomes an important factor for restricting the yield and quality of peanuts.
The sclerotium or hyphae of the peanut southern blight germ overwinter in soil or on disease residues, and most of the sclerotium or hyphae are distributed in a topsoil layer of 1-2 cm. The hyphae generated by sclerotium germination in the next year become an initial infection source and are spread through soil, flowing water, insects and bacteria-carrying seeds. The sclerotium or hypha germinates into germ tubes which invade from the epidermis or wound at the root of the peanut and secrete venom to rot and form primary infection of diseased tissues, and hypha generated by diseased plants spreads to the periphery to infect adjacent peanut plants.
Fludioxonil (Fludioxonil), belonging to the non-systemic class of fungicides, ultimately causes the death of the germs by inhibiting glucose phosphorylation-related transfer and inhibiting the growth of fungal mycelia. The pesticide composition is used for treating seeds, can prevent and treat fungal diseases of seeds with bacteria and spread in soil, and has long lasting period. The action mechanism is unique, has no cross resistance with the existing bactericide, and can be matched with the pesticide for seed treatment. Has good control effect on seed-borne and soil-borne diseases caused by many pathogenic bacteria such as ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, deuteromycetes and the like. When the seeds germinate, the fludioxonil can be absorbed in a small amount, so that germs inside the seeds and caryopsis can be controlled, and meanwhile, the fludioxonil hardly moves in the soil, so that the fludioxonil can be always kept in the area around the seeds, and long-term protection is provided for the roots of crops. 131341-86-1, the chemical structural formula is:
thifluzamide (Thifluzamide) is a novel benzamide systemic therapeutic low-toxicity broad-spectrum bactericide, has strong systemic conductivity and long-lasting effect, can be applied in modes of foliar spray, seed treatment, soil treatment and the like, and belongs to thiazole amide succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Thifluzamide has good control effect on a plurality of fungal diseases, and can be widely applied to crops such as rice, wheat, peanut, cotton, beet, coffee, potato and the like and lawns. Has activity on pathogenic fungi of Rhizoctonia, Puccinia, Ustilago, Tilletia, Phanerochaete, and Pyrenophora, and especially has special effect on diseases caused by fungi of Basidiomycetes, such as banded sclerotial blight, damping off, etc. 130000-40-7, the chemical structural formula of which is:
clothianidin (Clothianidin) is a second generation novel nicotine pesticide with thiazole ring developed by pesticide creation in the Wuhan dynasty in Japan, and acts on a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of a postsynaptic membrane of an insect nervous system; is a broad-spectrum pesticide with high activity and systemic, contact and stomach poisoning effects. 210880-92-5, its chemical structural formula is:
with the long-term use of a large amount of single selective medicaments, the pathogenic fungi in nature have different degrees of drug resistance, and the control effect declines year by year. Chemical control is one of effective measures for controlling soil-borne fungal diseases of peanuts, and the seed medicament coating is time-saving and labor-saving and is more easily accepted by farmers. Therefore, with the increasing requirements on environment and food safety and the resistance problem of medicaments, how to scientifically apply the medicaments, reduce the dosage of chemical pesticides and improve the pesticide effect becomes a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field of pesticides; in addition, no relevant report exists on the application of the pesticide composition of fludioxonil and thifluzamide in peanut cultivation. The environmental protection concept of the broad farmers is more and more deeply known, and the inevitable trend of pesticide development is that the pesticide has high efficiency, low toxicity, high activity and low residue.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the situation, the invention aims to provide the application of the pesticide composition containing fludioxonil and thifluzamide in preventing and treating peanut diseases or insect pests, is particularly suitable for preventing and treating peanut southern blight, can enhance the pesticide effect, reduce the dosage, and simultaneously can prolong the lasting period and delay the development of pesticide resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the application provides the application of a pesticide composition containing fludioxonil and thifluzamide in the prevention and treatment of peanut diseases or insect pests, wherein the mass ratio of the fludioxonil to the thifluzamide is 6: 1-1: 10;
further, the mass ratio of fludioxonil to thifluzamide is 2: 1-1: 10;
further, the pesticide composition comprising fludioxonil and thifluzamide further comprises at least one neonicotinoid insecticide;
still further, the pesticide composition comprising fludioxonil and thifluzamide further comprises a neonicotinoid insecticide;
still further, the neonicotinoid insecticide is any one of acetamiprid (acetamiprid), clothianidin (clothianidin), imidacloprid (imidacloprid), thiamethoxam (thiamethoxam) and nitenpyram (nitenpyram);
further, the pesticide composition comprising fludioxonil and thifluzamide further comprises clothianidin (clothianidin); preferably, the effective components of the pesticide composition are fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin;
further, the mass ratio of the pesticide composition containing fludioxonil and thifluzamide to clothianidin is 3: 20-3: 40;
further, the sum of the weight of fludioxonil and thifluzamide in the pesticide composition is 1-95 wt% of the weight of the pesticide composition, wherein the total weight of the pesticide composition is 100 wt%; preferably, the content is 5-80 wt%; more preferably, 10 to 40 wt%;
further, the pesticide composition also comprises an auxiliary agent, wherein the auxiliary agent is selected from one or more of a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, an emulsifying agent, a thickening agent, a disintegrating agent, an antifreezing agent, a defoaming agent, a solvent, a preservative, a stabilizer, a synergist or a carrier;
furthermore, the pesticide composition is in the form of a suspending agent, wettable powder, water dispersible granules or a seed coating agent;
still further, the dosage form is a suspension or a seed coating;
further, the peanut diseases are one or more of southern blight, brown spot, leaf spot, root rot or stem rot; and/or the peanut insect pests are one or more of peanut aphids, thrips, red spiders and grubs;
further, the peanut disease is southern blight; and/or, the insect pest is aphid;
still further, the peanut disease is root rot caused by infection with sclerotinia rolfsii Sacc (sclerotiotiumrolfsii Sacc.) of the genus achromyces of deuteromycetes.
The invention optimizes the content of the effective components in the pesticide composition, so that the toxicity and the residue of the pesticide composition are well balanced, the pesticide effect can be enhanced, the dosage can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.
The pesticide composition also comprises an auxiliary agent, wherein the auxiliary agent is selected from one or more of a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, an emulsifying agent, a thickening agent, a disintegrating agent, an antifreezing agent, a defoaming agent, a solvent, a preservative, a stabilizing agent, a synergist or a carrier;
the wetting agent is selected from one or more of alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, lignosulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, α olefin sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol ethoxylate, fatty alcohol ethoxylate, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, faeces Bombycis, fructus Gleditsiae Abnormalis powder, fructus Sapindi Mukouossi powder, SOPA, detergent, emulsifier 2000 series and wetting penetrant F, and/or
The dispersing agent is selected from one or more of lignosulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, naphthalene sulfonate, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate, fatty alcohol ethoxylate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether methyl ether condensate sulfate, fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, glycerol fatty acid ester polyoxyethylene ether, polycarboxylate, polyacrylic acid, phosphate, EO-PO block copolymer and EO-PO graft copolymer; and/or
The emulsifier is selected from one or more of calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkylphenol formaldehyde resin polyoxyethylene ether, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, fatty alcohol ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer, styryl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether and alkylphenol ether phosphate; and/or
The thickener is one or more selected from xanthan gum, organic bentonite, gum arabic, sodium alginate, magnesium aluminum silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose and white carbon black; and/or
Disintegrant the disintegrant is selected from one or more of sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, aluminum chloride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, bentonite, glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, urea, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, and tartaric acid; and/or
The antifreezing agent is selected from one or more of alcohols, alcohol ethers, chlorohydrocarbons and inorganic salts; and/or
The defoaming agent is selected from C10-C20Saturated fatty acid compound, silicone oil, silicone compound, C8-C10One or more of fatty alcohols; and/or
The solvent is selected from one or more of benzene, toluene, xylene, durene, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, cyclohexanone, alkylene carbonate, diesel oil, solvent oil, vegetable oil derivative and water; and/or
The preservative is selected from one or more of propionic acid, sodium propionate, sorbic acid, sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sodium parahydroxybenzoate, methyl parahydroxybenzoate, carbazone and 1, 2-benzisothiazoline 3-one; and/or
The stabilizer is selected from one or more of disodium hydrogen phosphate, oxalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, borax, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, triethanolamine oleate, epoxidized vegetable oil, kaolin, bentonite, attapulgite, white carbon black, talcum powder, montmorillonite and starch; and/or
The synergist is selected from synergistic phosphorus and synergistic ether; and/or
The carrier is selected from one or more of ammonium salt, ground natural mineral, ground artificial mineral, silicate, resin, wax, solid fertilizer, water, organic solvent, mineral oil, vegetable oil and vegetable oil derivative.
A pesticide composition containing fludioxonil and thifluzamide is in the form of a suspending agent, wettable powder, water dispersible granules or a seed coating agent; still further, the dosage form is a suspension or a seed coating;
the suspending agent is prepared by mixing the composition with appropriate surfactant, water or organic solvent at a certain ratio, grinding with a sand mill to D90 (particle size of 90% of particles) less than 10 μm using glass beads to obtain a ground slurry, and adding thickener, dispersant, anti-settling agent, defoamer, antifreeze and deionized water into the ground slurry. The suspending agent is divided into an aqueous suspending agent and an oil suspending agent, and has small particle size, high biological activity, no dust flying problem, and no flammability and explosion.
The wettable powder is prepared by pre-crushing and uniformly mixing the raw pesticide of the composition with a dispersant, a wetting agent, a filler and the like according to a certain proportion, and crushing the mixture by using an airflow crusher until the fineness of the mixture meets the requirement that at least 98 wt% of the mixture passes through a 45-micron test sieve. Wettable powders are formulations which are uniformly dispersible in water and which contain, in addition to the active substance and inert substance, a certain amount of an anionic or nonionic surfactant. The wettable powder does not use solvent and emulsifier, is safe to plants, is not easy to generate phytotoxicity and is safe to the environment.
The water dispersible granule is obtained by re-granulating wettable powder or suspending agent into water dispersible granule, mixing the composition with appropriate surfactant and inert substance (kaolin, diatomite and pottery clay) powder according to a certain proportion to form a mixture, and then granulating by a fluidized bed granulation method, a spray granulation method or a disc granulation method. The raw materials are pulverized by airflow in the mixing process to ensure that the fineness of the powder particles meets the requirement, and the product is uniformly mixed by using a double-helix mixer and a coulter type mixer for multiple times. The preparation has good fluidity, convenient use, no dust flying, safety and reliability.
The invention provides a pesticide composition containing fludioxonil and thifluzamide, wherein the peanut diseases are one or more of southern blight, brown spot, leaf spot, root rot or stem rot; and/or the peanut insect pests are one or more of peanut aphids, thrips, red spiders and grubs; further, the peanut disease is southern blight; and/or, the insect pest is aphid;
southern blight of peanuts mainly damages the basal stem, and secondly stems and pods. At the initial stage of damage, stem tissues are soft and rotten, the epidermis is shed, and the leaves are withered and yellow; when the soil is moist, white hypha grows out from the diseased part, the hypha covers the diseased part and sometimes covers the ground, and oil seed-shaped sclerotia grows out, the initial color is white, the later color is black brown, the tissue of the rootstock part of the diseased plant is fibrous, and the peanut pods are rotten. The sclerotium or hyphae of sclerotium of peanut sclerotium blight pathogen overwinter in soil or disease residue, and the sclerotium germinates to produce hyphae in next year, and invades from the epidermis or wound of rhizome, and also invades ovary stalk or pod. The southern blight of the peanut is spread by running water or insects, and the disease is easy to occur in high temperature and high humidity, heavy soil, poor drainage, low-lying land and rainy years; the plants are dead rapidly in a sunny day after rain.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the bactericidal activity is increased, the application range is expanded, the safety and the environmental protection are realized, the development prospect is wide, the use amount of pesticides is reduced, and the agricultural cost is reduced;
(2) the bactericidal composition has super-high efficiency and wide bactericidal spectrum, and can delay the generation of the drug resistance of harmful bacteria and prolong the drug duration.
Detailed Description
To make the technical solutions, objects, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described with the following specific examples, but the present invention may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein.
Example reference is made to the criteria of the indoor bioassay test for pesticides, part 2, the hyphal growth inhibition of pathogenic fungi plate method, NT/T1156.11-2008.
Experimental apparatus equipment: electronic balance (induction 0.01mg), clean bench, biological incubator, phi 9cm culture dish, pipette, inoculating loop, puncher, caliper, etc.
Example 1
Indoor toxicity determination method of fludioxonil and thifluzamide on peanut southern blight
Pathogenic bacteria to be tested: sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc) supplied by the plant pathology laboratory of the plant protection institute of university of agriculture, Anhui.
Reagent to be tested: 97% fludioxonil and 97% thifluzamide were provided by the research center of the Helil pharmaceutical industry group, Inc.
Preparing a medicament: 97% fludioxonil and 97% thifluzamide are dissolved by acetone, and then diluted by 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution. Preparing single-dose mother liquor respectively, designing 5 groups of proportioning according to the mixing purpose and the medicament activity, and preparing 5 series of mass concentrations of each single dose and each group of proportioning mixing agent according to an equal ratio method.
Under aseptic operation conditions, according to test treatment, 45ml of a pre-melted sterile culture medium is added into a sterile conical flask, 5ml of liquid medicine is sequentially sucked from low concentration to high concentration, and is respectively added into the conical flasks, fully shaken, and then poured into 3 culture dishes in equal amount to prepare a medicine-containing plate with corresponding concentration. The test was run with no agent treatment as a blank, which was repeated 3 times per treatment.
The cultured pathogenic bacteria are cut from the edge of a bacterial colony by a sterilization puncher with the diameter of 5mm under the aseptic operation condition, the bacterial cake is inoculated to the center of a drug-containing flat plate by an inoculator, the hypha surface is upward, 1 bacterial cake is placed in each culture dish, the dish cover is covered, and the culture dish is placed in an incubator (26 +/-0.5 ℃) for culture.
Data statistics and analysis:
and (5) investigating the growth condition of the hyphae of the pathogenic bacteria according to the growth condition of the bacteria in the blank control culture dish. The colony diameter was measured in millimeters (mm) with a caliper. The diameter of each colony was measured perpendicularly by the cross method once and averaged.
According to the investigation results, the inhibition rate of each treatment concentration on the hypha growth of the test target bacteria is calculated according to the formulas (1) and (2), and the calculation result in percentage (%) retains two decimal points.
D＝D1-D2...................................(1)
In the formula:
d-colony growing diameter;
D1-colony diameter;
D2-the diameter of the cake.
In the formula:
i-hypha growth inhibition rate;
D0-growing the diameter of the blank colony;
Dtmedicament-treated colonies grow in diameter.
And (4) performing regression analysis according to the concentration logarithm value of each medicament and the corresponding probability value of the hypha growth inhibition rate. Finding EC of virulence regression line50The value and its 95% confidence limit and correlation coefficient r.
Sun Yupei method: evaluating the synergistic effect of the mixed medicament according to the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC), wherein the compounded co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) is more than or equal to 120 and shows the synergistic effect; CTC is less than or equal to 80 and shows antagonism; 80 < CTC < 120 showed additive effects. The co-toxicity coefficient (CTC value) of the mixture is calculated according to the following formula (3), formula (4) and formula (5):
in the formula:
ATI-actually measured toxicity index of mixed agent;
S-EC of Standard Fungicide50In milligrams per liter (mg/L);
EC of M-mixtures50In milligrams per liter (mg/L).
TTI＝TIA*PA+TIB*PB·······(4)
In the formula:
TTI-mixture theory virulence index;
TIA-agent virulence index a;
PA-the percentage of agent a in the mixture in percent (%);
TIB-agent B virulence index;
PB-the percentage of the agent B in the mixture in percent (%).
In the formula:
CTC-co-toxicity coefficient;
ATI-actually measured toxicity index of mixed agent;
TTI-mixture theory virulence index.
Results and analysis:
the fludioxonil and the thifluzamide have different action mechanisms, and the compound use is favorable for overcoming or delaying the development of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and improving the prevention and treatment effect. The test results show that 2 single agents and the compound preparation thereof have better control effect on the southern blight of the peanut and fludioxonil EC as shown in Table 150Is 4.116mgL, thifluzamide EC5012.037mg/L, wherein the mass ratio of fludioxonil to thifluzamide is 1:1 and 1:2, the activity is better, and the EC is504.692mg/L and 5.128mg/L respectively.
TABLE 1 indoor bioassay results of fludioxonil, thifluzamide and their mixture for southern blight
Note: the diameter is the average of the diameters of each colony measured perpendicularly by the cross method.
TABLE 2 indoor bioassay results of fludioxonil, thifluzamide and their mixture for southern blight
As can be seen from Table 2, fludioxonil and thifluzamide both showed synergistic effects of 1:10 to 2:1, wherein fludioxonil: the thifluzamide has better proportioning activity of 1:2, wherein the cotoxicity coefficient is 143.014.
TABLE 3 indoor toxicity test results of "fludioxonil + thifluzamide" mixture and its mixture with clothianidin for southern blight fungus
Note: pyrrole: thifluzamide: the concentration of the clothianidin mixture is the concentration of the mixture of fludioxonil and thifluzamide
Clothianidin is a broad-spectrum insecticide, but has no activity on southern blight bacteria, and mixed liquid of fludioxonil and thifluzamide (the mass ratio is 1:2) and clothianidin in different proportions shows additive effect on southern blight bacteria.
Preparation example 1
21% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent
3g of an alkylnaphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate, 1g of an EO-PO block copolymer, 2g of sodium lauryl sulfate and 0.5g of an organosilicon antifoaming agent were dispersed in 50g of water, and 0.5g of fludioxonil prodrug, 0.5g of thifluzamide prodrug and 20g of clothianidin prodrug were dispersed therein, and wet-pulverized using glass beads by a sand mill to D90 (particle diameter of 90% particle) < 10 μm to obtain a pulverized slurry. Adding 0.2g of xanthan gum, 1.0g of magnesium aluminum silicate, 5g of ethylene glycol and 0.5g of sodium benzoate into the crushed slurry, uniformly mixing, complementing deionized water to 100g, and uniformly shearing at high speed to obtain the suspended seed coating with the mass content of the effective component of 21 wt%.
Preparation example 2
22% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent
3g of an alkylnaphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate, 1g of an EO-PO block copolymer, 2g of sodium lauryl sulfate and 0.5g of an organosilicon antifoaming agent were dispersed in 50g of water, and 0.7g of fludioxonil prodrug, 1.3g of thifluzamide prodrug and 20g of clothianidin prodrug were dispersed therein, and wet-pulverization was carried out using glass beads by a sand mill to D90 (particle diameter of 90% particle) < 10 μm, to obtain a pulverization slurry. Adding 0.2g of xanthan gum, 1.0g of magnesium aluminum silicate, 5g of ethylene glycol and 0.5g of sodium benzoate into the crushed slurry, uniformly mixing, complementing deionized water to 100g, and uniformly shearing at high speed to obtain the suspended seed coating with the mass content of the active ingredient of 22 wt%.
Preparation example 3
27% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent
3g of an alkylnaphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate, 1g of an EO-PO block copolymer, 2g of sodium lauryl sulfate and 0.5g of an organosilicon antifoaming agent were dispersed in 50g of water, and 0.7g of fludioxonil prodrug, 1.3g of thifluzamide prodrug and 25g of clothianidin prodrug were dispersed therein, and wet-pulverized using glass beads by a sand mill to D90 (particle diameter of 90% particle) < 10 μm to obtain a pulverized slurry. Adding 0.2g of xanthan gum, 1.0g of magnesium aluminum silicate, 5g of ethylene glycol and 0.5g of sodium benzoate into the crushed slurry, uniformly mixing, complementing deionized water to 100g, and uniformly shearing at high speed to obtain the suspension seed coating agent with the mass content of the effective component of 27 wt%.
Preparation example 4
32% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent
3g of an alkylnaphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate, 1g of an EO-PO block copolymer, 2g of sodium lauryl sulfate and 0.5g of an organosilicon antifoaming agent were dispersed in 50g of water, 1g of fludioxonil prodrug, 1g of thifluzamide prodrug and 30g of clothianidin prodrug were dispersed therein, and wet-pulverization was carried out using glass beads by a sand mill to D90 (particle diameter of 90% particles) < 10 μm, to obtain a pulverized slurry. Adding 0.2g of xanthan gum, 1.0g of magnesium aluminum silicate, 5g of ethylene glycol and 0.5g of sodium benzoate into the crushed slurry, uniformly mixing, complementing deionized water to 100g, and uniformly shearing at high speed to obtain the suspended seed coating with the mass content of the active ingredient of 32 wt%.
Preparation example 5
20% fludioxonil-thifluzamide suspension seed coating agent
3g of an alkylnaphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate, 1g of an EO-PO block copolymer, 2g of sodium lauryl sulfate and 0.5g of a silicone antifoaming agent were dispersed in 50g of water, 6.5g of a fludioxonil drug and 13.5g of a thifluzamide drug were dispersed therein, and wet-pulverization was carried out using glass beads by a sand mill to D90 (particle diameter of 90% of particles) < 10 μm, to obtain a pulverized slurry. Adding 0.2g of xanthan gum, 1.0g of magnesium aluminum silicate, 5g of ethylene glycol and 0.5g of sodium benzoate into the crushed slurry, uniformly mixing, complementing deionized water to 100g, and uniformly shearing at high speed to obtain the suspended seed coating with the mass content of the active ingredient of 20 wt%.
Preparation example 6
22% fludioxonil-thifluzamide suspension seed coating agent
3g of an alkylnaphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate, 1g of an EO-PO block copolymer, 2g of sodium lauryl sulfate and 0.5g of a silicone antifoaming agent were dispersed in 50g of water, and 7g of a fludioxonil drug and 13g of a thifluzamide drug were dispersed therein, and wet-grinding was performed using glass beads by a sand mill to D90 (particle diameter of 90% of particles) < 10 μm, to obtain a ground slurry. Adding 0.2g of xanthan gum, 1.0g of magnesium aluminum silicate, 5g of ethylene glycol and 0.5g of sodium benzoate into the crushed slurry, uniformly mixing, complementing deionized water to 100g, and uniformly shearing at high speed to obtain the suspended seed coating with the mass content of the active ingredient of 22 wt%.
In China, due to changes of farming systems in recent years, due to factors such as perennial continuous cropping of part of peanuts in peanut producing areas, single peanut variety and the like, the occurrence rate of the peanut southern blight becomes more serious year by year, the occurrence area is increasingly enlarged, the southern blight particularly occurs in peanut main producing areas such as Henan, Shandong, Guangdong and Liaoning all the year round, the incidence rate of the southern blight in part of areas is high, the incidence rate of the southern blight in general plots is about 10%, the incidence rate of serious disease areas is more than 30%, and the yield of the peanuts is reduced by more than 50% and even the peanuts are not harvested. Has become an important disease on peanuts. We respectively carry out field tests in the occurrence areas of southern blight of peanuts in Shandong, Henan, Guangdong and Jiangxi of China.
Example 2
2017 Shandong area for preventing and treating southern blight of peanuts
Test site: the experimental site of the western test site of peanut research institute in Shandong province is a perennial continuous cropping field, the land is flat, and southern blight, root rot and stem rot of peanuts occur.
The peanut planting specification is as follows: ridge spacing of 80cm, ridge surface width of 55cm, ridge up spacing of 30cm, hole spacing of 16.5cm, peanut density of 15 ten thousand holes/hm22 seeds per hole are cultivated in a mulching film.
The using method comprises the following steps: weighing the pesticide and the peanut seeds according to the using amount of the pesticide, pouring the seeds into a seed mixing container one day before sowing, pouring the pesticide onto the peanut seeds, turning over while pouring, fully stirring uniformly, pushing aside and airing after the surface color of all the peanuts is consistent, and sowing.
Observing whether the pesticide injury occurs and symptoms of the pesticide injury occur from the time after the peanut seedlings emerge to the time before the peanut is harvested. Counting the emergence rate of each treated peanut after 80% of blank control group seeds emerge; before the peanuts are received, a five-point sampling method is adopted, 20 holes (40 peanuts) are randomly investigated in each cell, the total number of plants and the number of plants with various diseases of southern blight are recorded, and the prevention and treatment effect is calculated.
The grading method comprises the following steps:
level 0: the base part and the main root of the stem have no disease spots;
level 1: only the lesion spots are formed on the stem,
and 2, stage: the base of the stem has disease spots, the wilting and death of the whole plant is less than or equal to 25 percent,
and 3, level: 26-50% of the whole plants show wilting and death,
4, level: the wilting and death are shown by more than or equal to 50% of the whole plants.
Drug effect calculation method
Incidence (%). ratio of diseased strains/total investigated strains × 100
Disease index (%) - [ sigma (number of diseased plants at each stage x relative stage number)/total number of investigated plants x maximum stage number x 100
The preventing and treating effect (%) is (disease index of control area-disease index of treatment area)/disease index of control area x 100
Results and analysis:
after the peanuts are sowed and emerge and before the peanuts are harvested, the growth condition and the growth phase of the peanuts in the field are observed irregularly, and no visible obvious phytotoxicity symptom is found. The control effect is shown in table 4, the different concentrations of the test agents show obvious control effect on the peanut southern blight, the disease index of the test agents is reduced when the test agents are treated by blank control agents, the control effect of 22% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent is 61.71%, and the control effect is obviously higher than that of the control agents of 25 g/L fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent and 240 g/L thifluzamide suspension seed coating agent. The emergence rates are all above 82%, and the emergence rates of the preparation examples and the control examples are not different.
TABLE 4 preventive and therapeutic effects of the respective agents on southern blight
Note: the control (%) in the table above is the average of each repetition. Lower case letters represent 5% level difference and upper case letters represent 1% level difference.
Example 3
2018 Shandong area for preventing and treating southern blight of peanuts
Test site: the experimental site of the western test site of peanut research institute in Shandong province is a perennial continuous cropping field, the land is flat, and southern blight, root rot and stem rot of peanuts occur.
The peanut planting specification is as follows: ridge spacing of 80cm, ridge surface width of 55cm, ridge up spacing of 30cm, hole spacing of 16.5cm, and peanut densityDegree of 15 ten thousand points/hm22 seeds per hole are cultivated in a mulching film.
The using method comprises the following steps: weighing the pesticide and the peanut seeds according to the using amount of the pesticide, pouring the seeds into a seed mixing container one day before sowing, pouring the pesticide onto the peanut seeds, turning over while pouring, fully stirring uniformly, pushing aside and airing after the surface color of all the peanuts is consistent, and sowing.
Observing whether the pesticide injury occurs and symptoms of the pesticide injury occur from the time after the peanut seedlings emerge to the time before the peanut is harvested. Counting the emergence rate of each treated peanut after 80% of blank control group seeds emerge; before the peanuts are received, a five-point sampling method is adopted, 20 holes (40 peanuts) are randomly investigated in each cell, the total number of plants and the number of plants with various diseases of southern blight are recorded, and the prevention and treatment effect is calculated.
The grading method comprises the following steps:
level 0: the base part and the main root of the stem have no disease spots;
level 1: only the lesion spots are formed on the stem,
and 2, stage: the base of the stem has disease spots, the wilting and death of the whole plant is less than or equal to 25 percent,
and 3, level: 26-50% of the whole plants show wilting and death,
4, level: the wilting and death are shown by more than or equal to 50% of the whole plants.
Drug effect calculation method
Incidence (%). ratio of diseased strains/total investigated strains × 100
Disease index (%) - [ sigma (number of diseased plants at each stage x relative stage number)/total number of investigated plants x maximum stage number x 100
The preventing and treating effect (%) is (disease index of control area-disease index of treatment area)/disease index of control area x 100
Results and analysis:
after the peanuts are sowed and emerge and before the peanuts are harvested, the field growth condition and the growth phase of the peanuts are observed irregularly, and no visible obvious phytotoxicity symptom is found. The control effect of each medicament on the southern blight of the peanuts is shown in the table 5, the different concentrations of the test medicaments have obvious control effect on the southern blight of the peanuts, the morbidity index of the test medicaments treated by the test medicaments and the blank control medicament is reduced, and the control effect of the mixture of fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin on the southern blight of the peanuts is more than 70.06 percent and is obviously higher than that of the control medicament of 25 g/L fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent and 240 g/L thifluzamide suspension agent. The control effects of three agents, namely 22% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent, 27% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent and 32% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent, on peanut southern blight are 71.31%, 71.20% and 71.02%, and the differences do not exist among the three treatments. The emergence rates are all above 85%, and the emergence rates of the preparation example and the control example are not different.
TABLE 5 preventive and therapeutic effects of the respective agents on southern blight
Note: the control (%) in the table above is the average of each repetition. Lower case letters represent 5% level difference and upper case letters represent 1% level difference.
Example 4
Southern Henan of 2017 for preventing and treating southern blight of peanut
Test site: xinyang test field of agricultural science institute of Henan province, peanut seeding period is 5 months and 12 days, test field is perennial continuous cropping field, land parcel is flat, and southern blight, root rot and stem rot of peanut all occur.
The peanut planting specification is as follows: the ridge distance is 80cm, the width of the ridge surface is 55cm, the ridge ascending distance is 30cm, the hole distance is 16.5cm, and the peanut variety is as follows: yuhua No. 22, peanut density 12000 holes per mu, 2 seeds per hole, and film-covering cultivation.
The using method comprises the following steps: weighing the pesticide and the peanut seeds according to the using amount of the pesticide, pouring the seeds into a seed mixing container one day before sowing, pouring the pesticide onto the peanut seeds, turning over while pouring, fully stirring uniformly, pushing aside and airing after the surface color of all the peanuts is consistent, and sowing.
When the blank control plot is used for aligning seedlings, the seedling emergence conditions of quantitative sowing rows in all plots are investigated, and the diseased seedling number of the plots is investigated after sowing for 60 days and at the harvest stage.
Drug effect calculation method
Rate of emergence (%) — number of emergence/number of sowing × 100
Disease index (%) < number of diseased seedlings/total number of seedlings x 100
Results and analysis of control effect (%) (blank control area diseased seedling rate-medicament treatment area diseased seedling rate)/blank control area diseased seedling rate multiplied by 100:
the test results in table 6 show that the emergence rate of the seeds of each treatment is more than 83.1%, and the treatment is not different from the blank control group. The control effect of 100g of 22% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent per 100kg of seeds after 60d sowing is 62.70%, the control effect of 100g of 27% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent per 100kg of seeds is 62.48%, the control effect of 22% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent is not different from the control effect of 27% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent, the control effect of two compound compositions is remarkably different from that of 25 g/L fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent and 24% thifluzamide suspension seed coating agent, the control effect of 25 g/L fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent is 59.85%, and the control effect of 24% thifluzamide suspension seed coating agent is 52.55%.
The investigation result before harvesting shows that the control effect of 100g/100kg of seed treatment of the 22% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent is 52.79%, the control effect of each treatment of the fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent 4 is obviously different from that of a fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent 25 g/L and that of a thifluzamide suspension agent 24%, and the control effect of each compound treatment is higher than that of a control group.
TABLE 6 preventive and therapeutic effects of the respective agents on southern blight
Note: the control (%) in the table above is the average of each repetition. Lower case letters represent 5% level difference and upper case letters represent 1% level difference.
Example 5
Southern Henan of 2018 for preventing and treating southern blight of peanut
Test site: xinyang test land of agricultural science institute of Henan province, peanut seeding period is 5 months and 12 days, test position is perennial continuous cropping land, land parcel is flat, and southern blight, root rot and stem rot of peanut all occur.
The peanut planting specification is as follows: the ridge distance is 80cm, the width of the ridge surface is 55cm, the ridge ascending distance is 30cm, the hole distance is 16.5cm, and the peanut variety is as follows: yuhua No. 22, peanut density 12000 holes per mu, 2 seeds per hole, and film-covering cultivation.
The using method comprises the following steps: weighing the pesticide and the peanut seeds according to the using amount of the pesticide, pouring the seeds into a seed mixing container one day before sowing, pouring the pesticide onto the peanut seeds, turning over while pouring, fully stirring uniformly, pushing aside and airing after the surface color of all the peanuts is consistent, and sowing.
When the blank control plot is used for aligning seedlings, the seedling emergence conditions of quantitative seeding rows in all plots are investigated, and the diseased seedling number in the plots is investigated at the seeding time of 60d and the harvesting time.
Drug effect calculation method
Rate of emergence (%) — number of emergence/number of sowing × 100
Disease index (%) < number of diseased seedlings/total number of seedlings x 100
Results and analysis of control effect (%) (blank control area diseased seedling rate-medicament treatment area diseased seedling rate)/blank control area diseased seedling rate multiplied by 100:
the test results in table 7 show that the emergence rate of the seeds of each treatment is more than 89.3%, and the treatment and the blank control group have no difference, which indicates that each medicament does not influence the emergence of the seeds. The control effect of 100g of 22% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent per 100kg of seeds after sowing for 60 days is 78.96%, the control effect of 100g of 27% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent per 100kg of seeds is 78.67%, the control effect of 100g of 32% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent per 100kg of seeds is 78.44%, the control effect of 100g of 21% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent per 100kg of seeds is 78.22%, and the control effects of 4 complex agents are not different but are obviously different from those of 25 g/L fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent and 24% thifluzamide suspension seed coating agent, the control effect of 25 g/L fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent is 60.00% and the control effect of 24% thifluzamide suspension seed coating agent is 74.07%.
The investigation result before harvesting shows that the control effect of 100g/100kg of seed treatment of the 22% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent is 58.38%, the control effect of each treatment of the fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent 4 is obviously different from that of a fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent 25 g/L and that of a thifluzamide suspension agent 24%, and the control effect of each compound treatment is higher than that of a control group.
TABLE 7 preventive and therapeutic effects of the respective agents on southern blight
Note: the control (%) in the table above is the average of each repetition. Lower case letters represent 5% level difference and upper case letters represent 1% level difference.
Example 6
Prevention and treatment of peanut southern blight in west area of 2017 years
Test site: xinjiang province newly-built county Shihutown Aijiacun peanut land
Test time: peanut seeding time (4 months and 12 days)
The using method comprises the following steps: before peanut sowing, seed dressing treatment is carried out, the pesticide and peanut seeds are weighed, the seeds are poured into a seed dressing container, then the pesticide is poured onto the peanut seeds, the peanut seeds are turned over while being turned over, the pesticide is fully stirred uniformly, and the seeds are pushed open and dried to be sowed.
Investigation time: observing the growth vigor and growth phase of the flowers and the development condition of diseases irregularly after the peanuts are sowed, and investigating the emergence condition of the peanuts 15d after the peanuts are sowed; and (4) surveying the occurrence condition of the southern blight of the peanuts at 84d after sowing, digging 10-15 clusters of peanut seedlings at each point, surveying 200 seedlings in each cell, and surveying and recording the total number of the seedlings, the number of the diseased seedlings and the disease level.
The disease grading standard is identified by referring to the greenhouse inoculation technology and resistance of peanut southern blight of Dongwibo and the like, slightly corrected, the disease grade is divided according to the proportion of each stem base and each plant expressing systemic symptoms (namely plant discoloration, necrosis, wilting, death and the like), and the investigation grading standard is as follows:
level 0: the plant is asymptomatic;
level 1: lesions are produced only at the base of the stem;
and 3, level: the stem base produces constriction symptoms, and the whole plant shows systemic symptoms below 1/4;
and 5, stage: the stem base part generates a constriction symptom, a white silk-shaped mycelium layer exists, and the whole plant shows a systemic symptom below 1/4-1/2;
and 7, stage: the stem tissue is fibrous and is easy to break and pull up, and the whole plant 1/2-3/4 shows system symptoms;
and 9, stage: the whole plant showed systemic symptoms.
The drug effect is calculated according to the formula (1) and the formula (2):
(1) disease index { (number of diseased strains at each stage relative grade value)/number of total investigated strains × 9} × 100
(2) The preventing and treating effect (%) is {1- (pre-drug disease index in the blank control area after drug treatment area)/(post-drug disease index in the blank control area before drug treatment area) } 100
Or the prevention and treatment effect (no base before application)% (blank control area disease index-treatment area disease index)/blank control area disease index 100
Results and analysis:
as can be seen from the control effect of each agent on southern blight of table 8, the rate of emergence was greater than 86.29% for 15d species after sowing, and there was no difference between treatments at the 1% level. After 84d of sowing, the control effect of 100g of 22% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent per 100kg of seeds is the best, and is 76.16%. The control effect of the rest 3 compound medicaments, namely 27% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent 100g/100kg of seeds is 73.48%, the control effect of the 32% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent 100g/100kg of seeds is 73.01%, the control effect of the 21% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent 100g/100kg of seeds is 73.37%, and no difference exists among the 3 compound medicaments. The compound preparations are obviously different from 25 g/L fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent and 240 g/L thifluzamide suspension agent, the control effect of the 25 g/L fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent is 60.72%, and the control effect of the 240 g/L thifluzamide suspension agent is 57.67%.
TABLE 8 preventive and therapeutic effects of each drug on southern blight
Note: the control (%) in the table above is the average of each repetition. Lower case letters represent 5% level difference and upper case letters represent 1% level difference.
Example 7
Prevention and treatment of peanut southern blight in west area of 2018 years
Test site: xinjiang province newly-built county Shihutown Aijiacun peanut land
Test time: peanut seeding time (4 months and 12 days)
The using method comprises the following steps: before peanut sowing, seed dressing treatment is carried out, the pesticide and peanut seeds are weighed, the seeds are poured into a seed dressing container, then the pesticide is poured onto the peanut seeds, the peanut seeds are turned over while being turned over, the pesticide is fully stirred uniformly, and the seeds are pushed open and dried to be sowed.
Investigation time: observing the growth vigor and growth phase of the flowers and the development condition of diseases irregularly after the peanuts are sowed, and investigating the emergence condition of the peanuts 15d after the peanuts are sowed; and (4) surveying the occurrence condition of the southern blight of the peanuts at 84d after sowing, digging 10-15 clusters of peanut seedlings at each point, surveying 200 seedlings in each cell, and surveying and recording the total number of the seedlings, the number of the diseased seedlings and the disease level.
The disease grading standard is identified by referring to the greenhouse inoculation technology and resistance of peanut southern blight of Dongwibo and the like, slightly corrected, the disease grade is divided according to the proportion of each stem base and each plant expressing systemic symptoms (namely plant discoloration, necrosis, wilting, death and the like), and the investigation grading standard is as follows:
level 0: the plant is asymptomatic;
level 1: lesions are produced only at the base of the stem;
and 3, level: the stem base produces constriction symptoms, and the whole plant shows systemic symptoms below 1/4;
and 5, stage: the stem base part generates a constriction symptom, a white silk-shaped mycelium layer exists, and the whole plant shows a systemic symptom below 1/4-1/2;
and 7, stage: the stem tissue is fibrous and is easy to break and pull up, and the whole plant 1/2-3/4 shows system symptoms;
and 9, stage: the whole plant showed systemic symptoms.
The drug effect is calculated according to the formula (1) and the formula (2):
(1) disease index { (number of diseased strains at each stage relative grade value)/number of total investigated strains × 9} × 100
(2) The preventing and treating effect (%) is {1- (pre-drug disease index in the blank control area after drug treatment area)/(post-drug disease index in the blank control area before drug treatment area) } 100
Or the prevention and treatment effect (no base before application)% (blank control area disease index-treatment area disease index)/blank control area disease index 100
From the control effect of each agent on southern blight of peanuts in table 9, it was shown that the rate of emergence was higher than 86.26% at 15d after sowing, but at the level of 1%, there was no significant difference between treatments. At 84d after sowing, the control effect of 100g of the 22% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent/100 kg of seeds is the best, 77.58%, the control effect of 100g of the 27% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent/100 kg of seeds is 77.29%, and the two compound agents have no difference. The control effect of 100g/100kg of seed treatment of 32% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent is 76.27%, the control effect of 100g/100kg of seed treatment of 21% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent is 74.89%, the control effect of each compound medicament is obviously different from that of 25 g/L fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent and 24% thifluzamide suspension seed coating agent, the control effect of 25 g/L fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent is 69.51%, and the control effect of 240 g/L thifluzamide suspension seed coating agent is 42.36%.
TABLE 9 preventive and therapeutic effects of the respective agents on southern blight
Note: the control (%) in the table above is the average of each repetition. Lower case letters represent 5% level difference and upper case letters represent 1% level difference.
Example 8
2017 Guangdong area for preventing and treating peanut southern blight
Test site: zhongnan mountain village in purple Jinxian county, Heyuan, Guangdong province
Test time: sowing time of peanut
The using method comprises the following steps: before peanut sowing, seed dressing treatment is carried out, the pesticide and peanut seeds are weighed, the seeds are poured into a seed dressing container, then the pesticide is poured onto the peanut seeds, the peanut seeds are turned over while being turned over, the pesticide is fully stirred uniformly, and the seeds are pushed open and dried to be sowed.
Investigation time: and (3) investigating the rate of emergence 15 days after sowing, investigating the disease condition 60 days after pesticide application, digging 10-15 clusters of peanut seedlings at each point, investigating 240 plants in each cell, and investigating and recording the total number of plants, the number of diseased plants and the disease progression.
Grading the disease according to the grading standard, slightly correcting, grading the disease according to the proportion of the stem base and the plant expressing the system symptoms (namely plant discoloration, necrosis, wilting, death and the like), and investigating and grading the standard as follows:
level 0: the plant is asymptomatic;
level 1: lesions are produced only at the base of the stem;
and 3, level: the stem base produces constriction symptoms, and the whole plant shows systemic symptoms below 1/3;
and 5, stage: the stem base part generates a constriction symptom, a white silk-like hypha layer exists, and the systemic symptom is expressed below 2/3 of the whole plant;
and 7, stage: the stem tissue is fibrous and is easy to break and pull up, and the whole plant has more than 2/3 to show systemic symptoms;
the drug effect is calculated according to the formula (1) and the formula (2):
(1) disease index { (number of diseased strains at each stage relative grade value)/number of total investigated strains × 9} × 100
(2) The preventing and treating effect (%) is {1- (pre-drug disease index in the blank control area after drug treatment area)/(post-drug disease index in the blank control area before drug treatment area) } 100
Or the prevention and treatment effect (no base before application)% (blank control area disease index-treatment area disease index)/blank control area disease index 100
Results and analysis:
as shown in Table 10, the emergence rate after sowing 15d is higher than 82.53%, no difference exists among treatments, and the fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent has no influence on the emergence rate of the peanuts. At 60 days after sowing, the control effect of 100g of 22% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent/100 kg of seeds is the best, 67.61%, the control effect of 100g of 27% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent/100 kg of seeds is 66.10%, the control effect of 100g of 32% fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent/100 kg of seeds is 66.04%, and the control effects of 3 compound agents are not different. The control effect of 100g of 21 percent fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent per 100kg of seed treatment is 65.14 percent. The compound preparation has obvious difference with fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent of 25 g/L and thifluzamide suspension agent of 24 percent, the control effect of the fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent of 25 g/L is 61.87 percent, and the control effect of the thifluzamide suspension agent of 240 g/L is 42.36 percent.
TABLE 10 preventive and therapeutic effects of each drug on southern blight
Note: the control (%) in the table above is the average of each repetition. Lower case letters represent 5% level difference and upper case letters represent 1% level difference.
Example 9
2018 Guangdong area for preventing and treating peanut southern blight
Test site: zhongnan mountain village in purple Jinxian county, Heyuan, Guangdong province
Test time: sowing time of peanut
The using method comprises the following steps: before peanut sowing, seed dressing treatment is carried out, the pesticide and peanut seeds are weighed, the seeds are poured into a seed dressing container, then the pesticide is poured onto the peanut seeds, the peanut seeds are turned over while being turned over, the pesticide is fully stirred uniformly, and the seeds are pushed open and dried to be sowed.
Investigation time: and (3) investigating the rate of emergence 15 days after sowing, investigating the disease condition 60 days after pesticide application, digging 10-15 clusters of peanut seedlings at each point, investigating 240 plants in each cell, and investigating and recording the total number of plants, the number of diseased plants and the disease progression.
Grading the disease according to the grading standard, slightly correcting, grading the disease according to the proportion of the stem base and the plant expressing the system symptoms (namely plant discoloration, necrosis, wilting, death and the like), and investigating and grading the standard as follows:
level 0: the plant is asymptomatic;
level 1: lesions are produced only at the base of the stem;
and 3, level: the stem base produces constriction symptoms, and the whole plant shows systemic symptoms below 1/3;
and 5, stage: the stem base part generates a constriction symptom, a white silk-like hypha layer exists, and the systemic symptom is expressed below 2/3 of the whole plant;
and 7, stage: the stem tissue is fibrous and is easy to break and pull up, and the whole plant has more than 2/3 to show systemic symptoms;
the drug effect is calculated according to the formula (1) and the formula (2):
(1) disease index { (number of diseased strains at each stage relative grade value)/number of total investigated strains × 9} × 100
(2) The preventing and treating effect (%) is {1- (pre-drug disease index in the blank control area after drug treatment area)/(post-drug disease index in the blank control area before drug treatment area) } 100
Or the prevention and treatment effect (no base before application)% (blank control area disease index-treatment area disease index)/blank control area disease index 100
Results and analysis:
as shown in table 11, the emergence rate after sowing 15d is higher than 86.29%, there is no difference between treatments, and the fludioxonil-thifluzamide-clothianidin suspension seed coating agent has no influence on the emergence rate of peanuts. At 60 days after sowing, the control effect of 100g of 22% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent per 100kg of seeds is the best, and is 71.43%. The control effect of the 27% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent 100g/100kg seed treatment is 70.53%, the control effect of the 32% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent 100g/100kg seed treatment is 70.24%, and the control effect of the 21% fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin suspension seed coating agent 100g/100kg seed treatment is 70.10%. The compound preparations are obviously different from 25 g/L fludioxonil suspended seed coating agent and 24% thifluzamide suspended agent, the control effect of the 25 g/L fludioxonil suspended seed coating agent is 67.25%, and the control effect of the 240 g/L thifluzamide suspended seed coating agent is 68.91%.
TABLE 11 preventive and therapeutic effects of the respective agents on southern blight
Note: the control (%) in the table above is the average of each repetition. Lower case letters represent 5% level difference and upper case letters represent 1% level difference.
Example 10
Fludioxonil-thifluzamide suspension seed coating agent for preventing and treating southern blight of peanuts
Test site: the experimental facility of peanut research institute Laixi of Shandong province, Xinyang experimental land of agricultural academy of sciences of Henan province, Xinyang experimental land of New county Shihuzhou Huasheng land of Jiangxi province, and Zijin county of Heyuan city of Guangdong province.
Test time: sowing time of peanut
The using method comprises the following steps: before peanut sowing, seed dressing treatment is carried out, the pesticide and peanut seeds are weighed, the seeds are poured into a seed dressing container, then the pesticide is poured onto the peanut seeds, the peanut seeds are turned over while being turned over, the pesticide is fully stirred uniformly, and the seeds are pushed open and dried to be sowed.
Investigation time: and (3) surveying the occurrence condition of the southern blight of the peanuts before harvesting, digging 10-15 clusters of peanut seedlings at each point, surveying 200 seedlings in each cell in total, and surveying and recording the total number of the seedlings, the number of diseased seedlings and the number of diseased seedlings.
The disease grading standard is identified by referring to the greenhouse inoculation technology and resistance of peanut southern blight of Dongwibo and the like, slightly corrected, the disease grade is divided according to the proportion of each stem base and each plant expressing systemic symptoms (namely plant discoloration, necrosis, wilting, death and the like), and the investigation grading standard is as follows:
level 0: the plant is asymptomatic;
level 1: lesions are produced only at the base of the stem;
and 3, level: the stem base produces constriction symptoms, and the whole plant shows systemic symptoms below 1/4;
and 5, stage: the stem base part generates a constriction symptom, a white silk-shaped mycelium layer exists, and the whole plant shows a systemic symptom below 1/4-1/2;
and 7, stage: the stem tissue is fibrous and is easy to break and pull up, and the whole plant 1/2-3/4 shows system symptoms;
and 9, stage: the whole plant showed systemic symptoms.
The drug effect is calculated according to the formula (1) and the formula (2):
(1) disease index { (number of diseased strains at each stage relative grade value)/number of total investigated strains × 9} × 100
(2) The preventing and treating effect (%) is {1- (pre-drug disease index in the blank control area after drug treatment area)/(post-drug disease index in the blank control area before drug treatment area) } 100
Or the prevention and treatment effect (no base before application)% (blank control area disease index-treatment area disease index)/blank control area disease index 100
Results and analysis:
the field tests are respectively carried out in the annual incidence areas of southern China, Shandong, Guangdong, Liaoning and other main peanut producing areas, and as can be seen from the table 12, 20% of fludioxonil-thifluzamide suspension seed coating agent and 22% of fludioxonil-thifluzamide suspension seed coating agent have good prevention and treatment effects on the peanut southern China, and the prevention and treatment effects are all more than 80%, wherein the prevention and treatment effects of 4g of 22% of fludioxonil-thifluzamide suspension seed coating agent per 100kg of seed treatment agent are the best, and the prevention effects of the Shandong, the Jiangxi and the Guangdong are respectively 85.70%, 88.36% and 85.31%.
TABLE 12 preventive and therapeutic effects of fludioxonil and thifluzamide on southern blight of flowers in various regions
Note: the control (%) in the table above is the average of each repetition. Lower case letters represent each region with significant difference from the corresponding blank control at 5% level, and upper case letters represent each region with significant difference from the corresponding blank control at 1% level.
Through indoor toxicity measurement and field tests, the pesticide composition compounded by fludioxonil and thifluzamide has a good prevention and treatment effect on peanut southern blight. The pesticide composition or the preparation thereof obtained by compounding has obvious control effect, is superior to a single agent in the aspects of delaying the generation of drug resistance and prolonging the drug-holding property, and simultaneously has the advantages of quick film forming of seed coating, no degranulation, safety to crop seeds and good tolerance due to excellent formulations of fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin. And no phytotoxicity of the compound pesticide on crops is found in tests, which shows that the production cost and the use cost can be reduced and the pesticide composition or the preparation is safe to the crops under the condition of improved sterilization synergy.
Although the invention has been described in detail with respect to the general description and the specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the pesticide composition containing fludioxonil and thifluzamide in prevention and treatment of peanut diseases or insect pests is characterized in that the mass ratio of fludioxonil to thifluzamide is 6: 1-1: 10.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of fludioxonil to thifluzamide is 2:1 to 1: 10.
3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that said pesticidal composition comprising fludioxonil and thifluzamide further comprises at least one neonicotinoid insecticide; preferably, the pesticide composition comprising fludioxonil and thifluzamide further comprises a neonicotinoid insecticide; still preferably, the neonicotinoid is any one of acetamiprid (acetamiprid), clothianidin (clothianidin), imidacloprid (imidacloprid), thiamethoxam (thiamethoxam), and nitenpyram (nitenpyram).
4. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that the pesticidal composition comprising fludioxonil and thifluzamide further comprises clothianidin (clothianidin); preferably, the effective components of the pesticide composition are fludioxonil, thifluzamide and clothianidin.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the pesticide composition containing fludioxonil and thifluzamide to clothianidin is 3: 20-3: 40.
6. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sum of the weight of fludioxonil and thifluzamide as active ingredients in the pesticide composition is 1 to 95 wt% of the weight of the pesticide composition, based on 100 wt% of the total weight of the pesticide composition; preferably, the content is 5-80 wt%; more preferably, 10 to 40 wt%.
7. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pesticide composition further comprises an adjuvant selected from one or any of a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, an emulsifier, a thickener, a disintegrant, an antifreeze, an antifoaming agent, a solvent, a preservative, a stabilizer, a synergist or a carrier.
8. The use as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the formulation of the pesticidal composition is a suspension, a wettable powder, a water dispersible granule or a seed coating;
preferably, the dosage form is a suspension or a seed coating.
9. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the peanut diseases are one or more of southern blight, brown spot, leaf spot, root rot or stem rot; and/or the peanut insect pests are one or more of peanut aphids, thrips, red spiders and grubs.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that the peanut diseases are southern blight; and/or, the insect pest is aphid; preferably, the peanut disease is root rot caused by infection with sclerotinia rolfsiiSacc (sclerotinia rolfsiiSacc.) of the genus achromyces of deuteromycetes.
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