CN111151053B - Backwash filter - Google Patents

Backwash filter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111151053B
CN111151053B CN202010115760.2A CN202010115760A CN111151053B CN 111151053 B CN111151053 B CN 111151053B CN 202010115760 A CN202010115760 A CN 202010115760A CN 111151053 B CN111151053 B CN 111151053B
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China
Prior art keywords
water
filter
water flow
backwashing
filter element
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CN202010115760.2A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN111151053A (en
Inventor
游浩
王凯
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Haining Meikang Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Haining Meikang Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010115760.2A priority Critical patent/CN111151053B/en
Publication of CN111151053A publication Critical patent/CN111151053A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/31—Self-supporting filtering elements
    • B01D29/35—Self-supporting filtering elements arranged for outward flow filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/62—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
    • B01D29/66—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by flushing, e.g. counter-current air-bumps

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种反冲洗过滤器。它解决了现有的过滤器结构复杂,反冲洗和过滤状态下水流的流向切换不便的问题,它包括过滤杯体,过滤杯体上端设有具有入水口和出水口的端盖,过滤杯体下端设有排污组件,过滤杯体内侧设有滤芯组件,滤芯组件周向外侧套设有刮洗架体,滤芯组件周向外侧和过滤杯体周向内侧之间具有原水腔,滤芯组件周向内侧具有净水腔,端盖内具有反冲洗腔,净水腔通过设置在滤芯组件上端的单向导流结构和反冲洗腔相连,端盖上设有反冲洗水流切换组件,反冲洗水流切换组件和滤芯组件之间设有当入水口与反冲洗腔相连通时能带动刮洗架体周向转动的刮洗驱动机构。本发明的优点在于:结构简单、反冲洗和过滤状态下的水流的流向切换便捷。

The invention relates to a backwashing filter. It solves the problem that the existing filter has a complex structure and is inconvenient to switch the flow direction of water flow in the backwashing and filtering states. It includes a filter cup body, an end cover with a water inlet and a water outlet is provided at the upper end of the filter cup body, a sewage discharge assembly is provided at the lower end of the filter cup body, a filter element assembly is provided inside the filter cup body, a scraping frame is sleeved on the circumferential outer side of the filter element assembly, a raw water cavity is provided between the circumferential outer side of the filter element assembly and the circumferential inner side of the filter cup body, a clean water cavity is provided on the circumferential inner side of the filter element assembly, a backwashing cavity is provided in the end cover, the clean water cavity is connected to the backwashing cavity through a one-way flow guide structure provided at the upper end of the filter element assembly, a backwashing water flow switching assembly is provided on the end cover, and a scraping drive mechanism is provided between the backwashing water flow switching assembly and the filter element assembly, which can drive the scraping frame to rotate circumferentially when the water inlet is connected to the backwashing cavity. The advantages of the invention are: simple structure and convenient switching of the flow direction of water flow in the backwashing and filtering states.

Description

Back flush filter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of filter equipment, in particular to a backwashing filter.
Background
The water filter is used as a reliable impurity filtering device, is a first coarse filtering device for water in a whole house, can effectively filter sediment, rust and large particulate matters in tap water, the accuracy range of a filter screen of the front filter is different from 5-30 microns according to different brands and models, mainly removes sediment impurities and bacteria, microorganism remains, rust, sand mud and other particulate impurities which are larger than 5 microns and are generated by a pipeline, avoids harm to human bodies and skin, plays a positive role in protecting downstream pipelines, water purifiers, water heaters, washing machines, high-grade faucets and showers, but the common front filter does not have a back flushing function, so that dirt particles in water are caught in filtering materials of the filter, the filtering materials are easy to block due to the fact that the filtering materials are blocked, the filtering effect of the filter is even reduced according to different brands and models, the filter is required to be cleaned or updated, the front filter is required to be changed to be used for cleaning, the filter is convenient to detach the filter, and the conventional filter is convenient to clean, and the filter is convenient to detach the front filter at a complicated filtering structure.
In order to solve the defects existing in the prior art, long-term exploration is performed, and various solutions are proposed. For example, chinese patent literature discloses a back flush prefilter [ CN201420630652.9], which comprises a back flush valve, wherein the back flush valve is provided with a water inlet port and a water outlet port which are opened in a horizontal direction, the upper end of the back flush valve is provided with a back flush valve body port, the back flush valve body port is provided with a back flush valve core, a back flush valve sealing ring, a back flush valve body top cover and a back flush knob in sequence from bottom to top, the lower end of the back flush valve is connected with a filter cylinder, a filter core is arranged in the filter cylinder, and the lower end of the filter cylinder is connected with a sewage valve body.
The scheme solves the problems of troublesome disassembly and inconvenient use when the prior filter cleans the internal filter materials to a certain extent, but the scheme still has a plurality of defects such as complex back flushing structure and inconvenient switching of the water flow direction under back flushing and filtering states.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a backwash filter which is reasonable in design, simple in structure and convenient to switch water flow direction.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme that the back flushing filter comprises a filter cup body, wherein the upper end of the filter cup body is provided with an end cover with a water inlet and a water outlet, the lower end of the filter cup body is provided with a sewage discharging component with a sewage discharging outlet, a cylindrical filter element component is movably arranged on the circumferential inner side of the filter cup body, a scraping and washing frame body is sleeved on the circumferential outer side of the filter element component, a raw water cavity in a ring shape is arranged between the circumferential outer side of the filter element component and the circumferential inner side of the filter cup body, a water purifying cavity is arranged on the circumferential inner side of the filter element component, a back flushing cavity is arranged in the end cover, the water purifying cavity is communicated with the back flushing cavity through a one-way flow guiding structure arranged at the upper end of the filter element component, a back flushing water flow switching component used for communicating the back flushing cavity with the water inlet or the water outlet is arranged on the end cover, and a scraping and washing driving mechanism capable of driving the scraping and washing frame body to rotate circumferentially when the water inlet is communicated with the back flushing cavity is arranged between the back flushing water flow switching component and the filter element. When normal filtration is carried out, the channel between the water inlet and the raw water cavity is closed by rotating the back flush water flow switching assembly, the channel between the raw water cavity and the water outlet is opened, the flow direction of water flow in the filtration state can be realized, when back flush is carried out, the channel between the water inlet and the raw water cavity is opened by rotating the back flush water flow switching assembly, the channel between the raw water cavity and the water outlet is closed, the flow direction of water flow in the back flush can be realized, the structure is simple, and the flow direction switching of water flow in the back flush and filtration state is more convenient.
In the back flush filter, the back flush water flow switching assembly comprises a water flow switching body which is rotatably arranged on the circumferential inner side of the end cover, the water flow switching body is connected with a water flow direction switching driving assembly which can drive the water flow switching body to circumferentially rotate in the end cover, the back flush cavity is formed in the water flow switching body, and the water flow switching body is internally provided with a water flow direction switching structure which can be used for communicating the back flush cavity with the water inlet or the water outlet when the water flow switching body rotates. The water flow switching body can synchronously rotate by rotating the water flow direction switching driving assembly, so that the water flow direction switching structure can close the channel between the back flushing cavity and the water inlet or the water inlet, and the water flow direction switching device has good linkage performance and is simple to operate.
In the back flushing filter, the water flow direction switching driving assembly comprises a switching body connecting part which is connected with the upper end of the water flow switching body and extends to the outer side of the periphery of the end cover, and the switching body connecting part is connected with the back flushing switching knob, or the switching body connecting part is connected with the electric driver. The water flow state can be quickly switched by using the back flushing switching knob or the electric driver, so that time and labor are saved.
In the back flushing filter, the water flow direction switching structure comprises a water inlet part and a water outlet part which are arranged on the water flow switching body and are respectively communicated with the back flushing cavity, the water inlet part and the water outlet part are in L-shaped staggered arrangement and are mutually communicated to form the back flushing cavity, the water inlet part corresponds to the first water retaining part, the water outlet part corresponds to the second water retaining part, and when the water inlet part is communicated with the water inlet, the first water retaining part is blocked at the end part of the water outlet, or when the water outlet part is communicated with the water outlet, the second water retaining part is blocked at the end part of the water inlet. The arrangement can enable the back flushing cavity to be communicated with one of the water inlet and the water outlet only.
In the back flushing filter, the lower end of the water flow switching body is provided with the back flushing gear piece positioned on the circumferential outer side of the upper end of the filter element assembly, the upper end of the back flushing gear piece is provided with a plurality of filtering diversion holes which can be used for communicating the water inlet with the raw water cavity when the water outlet is communicated with the water outlet and the second water retaining part is blocked at the end part of the water inlet, and the circumferential inner side of the lower end of the back flushing gear piece is provided with the back flushing diversion holes which can be used for communicating the back flushing cavity with the raw water cavity when the water inlet is communicated with the water inlet and the first water retaining part is blocked at the end part of the water outlet. The filtering diversion holes are convenient for water flow to enter the raw water cavity from the water inlet, and the back flushing diversion holes can enable the water flow to impact from the back flushing cavity to the back flushing force gear piece so as to drive the scraping and washing frame body to rotate.
In the back flushing filter, the scraping and washing driving mechanism comprises a gear part of the back flushing force gear part formed on the outer side of the circumference of the lower end of the back flushing force gear part, a water conservancy rotating part corresponding to the back flushing flow guiding hole is rotatably arranged between the gear part of the back flushing force gear part and the back flushing flow guiding hole, and the water conservancy rotating part is connected with the scraping and washing frame body. Because the recoil gear piece is relatively fixed, when the water-proof flow impacts the gear opening of the recoil gear piece, the water conservancy rotating piece generates reverse pushing force so as to enable the scraping and washing frame body to rotate.
In the back flushing filter, the water conservancy rotating member is in an impeller shape, and the lower end of the gear tooth opening of the back flushing force is opened and faces the original water cavity.
In the back flushing filter, the filter element assembly comprises a filter element cylinder body which is cylindrical and is provided with a plurality of through holes in the circumferential direction, the upper end and the lower end of the filter element cylinder body are respectively closed, a filter screen is sleeved on the circumferential outer side of the filter element cylinder body, and the scraping and washing frame body is respectively contacted with the circumferential inner wall of the filter cup body and/or the circumferential outer wall of the filter screen.
In the back flushing filter, the one-way flow guide structure comprises a mounting hole arranged at the upper end of the filter element cylinder body, a one-way water flow blocking member is movably arranged in the mounting hole in a penetrating manner, one end of the one-way water flow blocking member extends to the outer side of the filter element cylinder body, the other end of the one-way water flow blocking member is positioned on the inner side of the filter element cylinder body, one end of the one-way water flow blocking member positioned on the outer side of the filter element cylinder body is provided with a water blocking portion propping against the circumferential outer side of the mounting hole, and the one-way water flow blocking member is provided with an elastic supporting structure enabling the water blocking portion to keep propping against the circumferential outer side trend of the mounting hole. The unidirectional flow guide structure can enable water in the water purifying cavity to enter the back flushing cavity, and the water in the back flushing cavity cannot enter the water purifying cavity.
In the back flushing filter, the elastic supporting structure comprises an elastic piece sleeved on one end of the unidirectional water flow blocking piece, which is positioned at the inner side of the filter element cylinder, one end of the elastic piece acts on the inner side of the filter element cylinder, and the other end of the elastic piece acts on a limiting part which is arranged at one end of the unidirectional water flow blocking piece, which is far away from the water blocking part.
Compared with the prior art, the water flow direction control device has the advantages that the structure is simple, the water flow direction in the normal filtering state and the back flushing state can be realized through the mutual matching of the back flushing water flow switching assembly and the one-way flow guiding structure, the linkage is better, the operation is convenient, and the use is more convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the water flow direction during filtration of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the water flow direction during filtration of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the water flow direction during backwash in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the water flow direction during backwash in accordance with the present invention.
In the figure, a filter bowl 1, a raw water chamber 11, an end cover 2, a water inlet 21, a water outlet 22, a back flushing chamber 23, a sewage assembly 3, a sewage outlet 31, a filter element assembly 4, a scraping and washing frame 41, a water purifying chamber 42, a filter element cylinder 43, a filter screen 44, a one-way flow guiding structure 5, a mounting hole 51, a one-way water flow blocking member 52, a water blocking portion 53, an elastic supporting structure 54, an elastic member 541, a limiting portion 542, a back flushing water flow switching assembly 6, a water flow switching body 61, a water flow direction switching driving assembly 62, a switching body connecting portion 621, a back flushing switching knob 622, an electric driver 623, a water flow direction switching structure 63, a water inlet 631, a water outlet 632, a first water blocking portion 633, a second water blocking portion 634, a scraping and washing driving mechanism 7, a back flushing gear tooth 71, a water conservancy rotating member 72, a back flushing gear 8, a filtering flow guiding hole 81, and a back flushing flow guiding hole 82.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the back flush filter comprises a filter cup body 1, wherein an end cover 2 with a water inlet 21 and a water outlet 22 is arranged at the upper end of the filter cup body 1, a sewage discharging component 3 with a sewage discharging outlet 31 is arranged at the lower end of the filter cup body 1, a cylindrical filter element component 4 is movably arranged at the circumferential inner side of the filter cup body 1, a scraping and washing frame 41 is sleeved at the circumferential outer side of the filter element component 4, a raw water cavity 11 which is annular is arranged between the circumferential outer side of the filter element component 4 and the circumferential inner side of the filter cup body 1, a water purifying cavity 42 is arranged at the circumferential inner side of the filter element component 4, a back flush cavity 23 is arranged in the end cover 2, the water purifying cavity 42 is communicated with the back flush cavity 23 through a one-way flow guiding structure 5 arranged at the upper end of the filter element component 4, a back flush water flow switching component 6 which is communicated with the water inlet 21 or the water outlet 22 is arranged at the end cover 2, and a scraping and washing driving mechanism 7 which can drive the scraping and washing frame 41 to rotate circumferentially when the water inlet 21 is communicated with the back flush cavity 23 is arranged between the back flush water flow switching component 6 and the filter element 4. When normal filtration is carried out, the channel between the water inlet 21 and the raw water cavity 11 is closed by rotating the back flush water flow switching assembly 6, the channel between the raw water cavity 11 and the water outlet 22 is opened, the flow direction of water flow in the filtration state can be realized, when back flush is carried out, the channel between the water inlet 21 and the raw water cavity 11 is opened by rotating the back flush water flow switching assembly 6, the channel between the raw water cavity 11 and the water outlet 22 is closed, the flow direction of water flow in the back flush can be realized, the structure is simple, and the water flow direction switching in the back flush and filtration state is more convenient.
The backwash water flow switching assembly 6 comprises a water flow switching body 61 rotatably arranged on the inner side of the end cover 2 in the circumferential direction, the water flow switching body 61 is connected with a water flow direction switching driving assembly 62 capable of driving the water flow switching body 61 to rotate in the end cover 2 in the circumferential direction, a backwash cavity 23 is formed in the water flow switching body 61, and a water flow direction switching structure 63 capable of communicating the backwash cavity 23 with the water inlet 21 or the water outlet 22 when the water flow switching body 61 rotates is arranged in the water flow switching body 61. The outer arc shape of the water flow direction switching structure 63 is mutually attached to the inner wall of the end cover 2.
Further, the water flow direction switching driving unit 62 includes a switching body connecting portion 621 connected to the upper end of the water flow switching body 61 and extending to the outer circumferential side of the end cap 2, and the switching body connecting portion 621 is connected to the backwash switching knob 622, or the switching body connecting portion 621 is connected to the electric driver 623. The upper end of the back flush switch knob 622 is provided with a pressure gauge for detecting the air pressure in the back flush chamber.
As can be seen, the water flow direction switching structure 63 includes a water inlet portion 631 and a water outlet portion 632 disposed on the water flow switching body 61 and respectively communicated with the backwash cavity 23, where the water inlet portion 631 and the water outlet portion 632 are in L-shaped staggered arrangement and are mutually communicated to form the backwash cavity 23, the water inlet portion 631 corresponds to the first water blocking portion 633, the water outlet portion 632 corresponds to the second water blocking portion 634, and when the water inlet portion 631 is communicated with the water inlet 21, the first water blocking portion 633 is blocked at the end of the water outlet 22, or when the water outlet portion 632 is communicated with the water outlet 22, the second water blocking portion 634 is blocked at the end of the water inlet 21.
Obviously, the lower end of the water flow switching body 61 is provided with a recoil gear member 8 positioned at the peripheral outer side of the upper end of the filter element assembly 4, the upper end of the recoil gear member 8 is provided with a plurality of filtering diversion holes 81 which can communicate the water inlet 21 with the raw water cavity 11 when the water outlet 632 is communicated with the water outlet 22 and the second water retaining part 634 is plugged at the end part of the water inlet 21, and the peripheral inner side of the lower end of the recoil gear member 8 is provided with a backwashing diversion hole 82 which can communicate the backwashing cavity 23 with the raw water cavity 11 when the water inlet 631 is communicated with the water inlet 21 and the first water retaining part 633 is plugged at the end part of the water outlet 22. The filtering diversion holes 81 facilitate the water flow to enter the raw water cavity 11 from the water inlet 21, and the back flushing diversion holes 82 can enable the water flow to impact from the back flushing cavity 23 towards the back flushing force gear piece 8 so as to drive the scraping and washing frame 41 to rotate.
Specifically, the scraping and washing driving mechanism 7 includes a back-flushing gear piece tooth portion 71 formed on the lower end of the back-flushing gear piece 8 circumferentially outward, and a water conservancy rotation piece 72 corresponding to the back-flushing diversion hole 82 is rotatably provided between the back-flushing gear piece tooth portion 71 and the back-flushing diversion hole 82, and the water conservancy rotation piece 72 is connected to the scraping and washing frame 41. When the water flow impacts the recoil force gear piece tooth part 71, the water conservancy rotation piece 72 can generate reverse thrust so as to drive the scraping and washing frame body 41 to rotate to scrape and wash the filter element cylinder 43 and the filter screen 44.
Further, the water conservancy rotating member 72 has an impeller shape, and the lower end of the recoil force gear tooth opening is opened and faces the raw water chamber 11.
Preferably, the filter element assembly 4 comprises a filter element cylinder 43 which is cylindrical and is circumferentially provided with a plurality of through holes, the upper end and the lower end of the filter element cylinder 43 are respectively closed, a filter screen 44 is sleeved on the circumferential outer side of the filter element cylinder 43, and the scraping and washing frame 41 is respectively contacted with the circumferential inner wall of the filter cup body 1 and/or the circumferential outer wall of the filter screen 44.
In detail, the unidirectional flow guiding structure 5 includes a mounting hole 51 disposed at an upper end of the filter element cylinder 43, a unidirectional water flow blocking member 52 is movably disposed in the mounting hole 51, one end of the unidirectional water flow blocking member 52 extends to an outer side of the filter element cylinder 43, the other end of the unidirectional water flow blocking member is located inside the filter element cylinder 43, a water blocking portion 53 abutting against a circumferential outer side of the mounting hole 51 is disposed at one end of the unidirectional water flow blocking member 52 located outside the filter element cylinder 43, and an elastic supporting structure 54 capable of enabling the water blocking portion 53 to keep abutting against a circumferential outer side trend of the mounting hole 51 is disposed on the unidirectional water flow blocking member 52. Here, the part of the unidirectional water flow blocking member 52 located inside the cartridge body 43 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of unidirectional water flow blocking silicone members to the outside.
More specifically, the elastic support structure 54 includes an elastic member 541 sleeved on an end of the unidirectional water flow blocking member 52 located inside the cartridge body 43, and one end of the elastic member 541 acts on the inside of the cartridge body 43, and the other end acts on a limiting portion 542 disposed on an end of the unidirectional water flow blocking member 52 remote from the end having the water blocking portion 53.
The principle of this embodiment is that when back flushing is performed, the back flushing switching knob 622 is rotated or the electric driver 623 is used to drive the switching body connecting part 621 to rotate the water flow direction switching structure 63, so that the water inlet part 631 is communicated with the water inlet 21 and the first water blocking part 633 is blocked at the end of the water outlet 22, at this time, water flows into the back flushing cavity 23 from the water inlet part 631, due to the arrangement of the unidirectional flow guiding structure 5, water flows out from the back flushing flow guiding hole 82 and impacts the tooth part 71 of the recoil force gear member, so that the water conservancy diversion rotating member 72 forms reverse thrust and drives the scraping frame 41 to rotate to scrape and wash the filter core barrel 43 and the filter screen 44, the scraped sewage flows out through the sewage drain 31, and when normal filtering is performed, the water outlet 632 is communicated with the water outlet 22 through the back flushing water flow switching assembly 6 and the second water blocking part 634 is blocked at the end of the water inlet 21, at this time, after the water flows into the raw water cavity 11 from the filtering flow guiding hole 81 through the filter core assembly 4, the water flows into the back flushing cavity 23 from the position of the unidirectional flow guiding structure 5, and flows into the back flushing cavity 23 due to the mutual communication between the water outlet 632 and the water outlet 22, thus the water outlet 23 and the water outlet 22 is completely filtered.
The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only to illustrate the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions thereof without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Although terms such as the filter bowl 1, the raw water chamber 11, the end cap 2, the water inlet 21, the water outlet 22, the backwash chamber 23, the drain assembly 3, the drain port 31, the cartridge assembly 4, the scraper frame 41, the clean water chamber 42, the cartridge body 43, the filter screen 44, the one-way flow guide structure 5, the mounting hole 51, the one-way water flow blocking member 52, the water blocking portion 53, the elastic support structure 54, the elastic member 541, the limiting portion 542, the backwash water flow switching assembly 6, the water flow switching body 61, the water flow direction switching driving assembly 62, the switching body connecting portion 621, the backwash switching knob 622, the electric driver 623, the water flow direction switching structure 63, the water inlet portion 631, the water outlet portion 632, the first water blocking portion 633, the second water blocking portion 634, the scraper driving mechanism 7, the backwash gear tooth portion 71, the water rotation member 72, the backwash gear 8, the filter flow guide hole 81, the backwash guide hole 82, and the like are used herein, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are only used to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the invention and should be construed in a manner consistent with their spirit and scope.

Claims (4)

1.一种反冲洗过滤器,包括过滤杯体(1),所述的过滤杯体(1)上端设有具有入水口(21)和出水口(22)的端盖(2),过滤杯体(1)下端设有具有排污口(31)的排污组件(3),在过滤杯体(1)周向内侧活动设有呈筒状的滤芯组件(4),且所述的滤芯组件(4)周向外侧套设有刮洗架体(41),所述的滤芯组件(4)周向外侧和过滤杯体(1)周向内侧之间具有呈环形的原水腔(11),且所述的滤芯组件(4)周向内侧具有净水腔(42),其特征在于,所述的端盖(2)内具有反冲洗腔(23),所述的净水腔(42)通过设置在滤芯组件(4)上端的单向导流结构(5)和反冲洗腔(23)相连通,且所述的端盖(2)上设有用于反冲洗腔(23)与入水口(21)或出水口(22)相连通的反冲洗水流切换组件(6),且所述的反冲洗水流切换组件(6)和滤芯组件(4)之间设有当入水口(21)与反冲洗腔(23)相连通时能带动刮洗架体(41)周向转动的刮洗驱动机构(7);所述的反冲洗水流切换组件(6)包括转动设置在端盖(2)周向内侧的水流切换体(61),所述的水流切换体(61)连接有能驱动水流切换体(61)在端盖(2)内周向转动的水流方向切换驱动组件(62),且所述的反冲洗腔(23)形成于水流切换体(61)内,且所述的水流切换体(61)内设有当水流切换体(61)转动时能将反冲洗腔(23)与入水口(21)或出水口(22)相连通的水流方向切换结构(63);所述的水流切换体(61)下端设有位于滤芯组件(4)上端周向外侧的反冲力齿轮件(8),所述的反冲力齿轮件(8)上端设有若干当出水部(632)与出水口(22)相连通且第二挡水部(634)封堵于入水口(21)端部时能将入水口(21)和原水腔(11)相连通的过滤导流孔(81),且所述的反冲力齿轮件(8)下端周向内侧设有当进水部(631)与入水口(21)相连通且第一挡水部(633)封堵于出水口(22)端部时能将反冲洗腔(23)和原水腔(11)相连通的反冲洗导流孔(82);所述的刮洗驱动机构(7)包括形成于反冲力齿轮件(8)下端周向外侧的反冲力齿轮件齿口部(71),且所述的反冲力齿轮件齿口部(71)和反冲洗导流孔(82)之间转动设有与反冲洗导流孔(82)相对应的水利旋转件(72),且所述的水利旋转件(72)与刮洗架体(41)相连;所述的水利旋转件(72)呈叶轮状,且所述的反冲力齿轮件齿口部(71)下端开口且开口朝向原水腔(11);所述的单向导流结构(5)包括设置在滤芯筒体(43)上端的安装孔(51),所述的安装孔(51)内活动穿设有单向水流阻隔件(52),且所述的单向水流阻隔件(52)一端延伸至滤芯筒体(43)外侧,另一端位于滤芯筒体(43)内侧,所述的单向水流阻隔件(52)位于滤芯筒体(43)外侧的一端设有抵靠在安装孔(51)周向外侧的挡水部(53),且所述的单向水流阻隔件(52)上具有能使挡水部(53)保持抵靠在安装孔(51)周向外侧趋势的弹性支撑结构(54);所述的弹性支撑结构(54)包括套设于单向水流阻隔件(52)位于滤芯筒体(43)内侧一端的弹性件(541),且所述的弹性件(541)一端作用于滤芯筒体(43)内侧,另一端作用于设置在单向水流阻隔件(52)远离具有挡水部(53)一端的限位部(542)上。1. A backwash filter, comprising a filter cup (1), the filter cup (1) having an end cover (2) with a water inlet (21) and a water outlet (22) at the upper end, a sewage discharge assembly (3) with a sewage discharge outlet (31) at the lower end, a cylindrical filter element assembly (4) movably arranged on the inner side of the filter cup (1), and a scraping frame (41) sleeved on the outer side of the filter element assembly (4), and a space between the outer side of the filter element assembly (4) and the inner side of the filter cup (1). The invention is characterized in that the end cover (2) has a backwash chamber (23), the backwash chamber (23) is connected to the backwash chamber (23) through a one-way flow guide structure (5) arranged at the upper end of the filter element assembly (4), and the end cover (2) is provided with a backwash water flow switching component (6) for connecting the backwash chamber (23) with the water inlet (21) or the water outlet (22), and the backwash chamber (23) is connected to the water inlet (21) or the water outlet (22). A scraping drive mechanism (7) is provided between the backwashing water flow switching assembly (6) and the filter element assembly (4), which can drive the scraping frame (41) to rotate circumferentially when the water inlet (21) is connected to the backwashing chamber (23); the backwashing water flow switching assembly (6) comprises a water flow switching body (61) rotatably arranged on the inner side of the end cover (2) in the circumferential direction, the water flow switching body (61) is connected to a water flow direction switching drive assembly (62) capable of driving the water flow switching body (61) to rotate circumferentially in the end cover (2), and the backwashing water flow switching body (61) is connected to the filter element assembly (4) to drive ...). A backwash chamber (23) is formed in a water flow switching body (61), and a water flow direction switching structure (63) is provided in the water flow switching body (61) so as to connect the backwash chamber (23) with the water inlet (21) or the water outlet (22) when the water flow switching body (61) rotates; a recoil gear member (8) is provided at the lower end of the water flow switching body (61) and is located on the circumferential outer side of the upper end of the filter element assembly (4); and a plurality of water outlet portions (632) are provided at the upper end of the recoil gear member (8) so as to connect the water outlet portion (632) and the water outlet (22). The backwashing drive mechanism (7) comprises a filter guide hole (81) which can connect the water inlet (21) and the raw water chamber (11) when the second water retaining portion (634) is blocked at the end of the water inlet (21); and a backwashing guide hole (82) is provided on the inner side of the lower end of the recoil gear member (8) so that the backwashing chamber (23) and the raw water chamber (11) can be connected when the water inlet (631) is connected to the water inlet (21) and the first water retaining portion (633) is blocked at the end of the water outlet (22); the scraping drive mechanism (7) comprises a backwashing drive hole (82) which can connect the backwashing chamber (23) and the raw water chamber (11) when the water inlet (631) is connected to the water inlet (21) and the first water retaining portion (633) is blocked at the end of the water outlet (22); A recoil gear tooth mouth portion (71) is formed on the outer circumferential side of the lower end of the recoil gear member (8); a hydraulic rotating member (72) corresponding to the backwashing guide hole (82) is rotatably arranged between the recoil gear tooth mouth portion (71) and the backwashing guide hole (82); the hydraulic rotating member (72) is connected to the scraping frame (41); the hydraulic rotating member (72) is in the shape of an impeller; the lower end of the recoil gear tooth mouth portion (71) is open and the opening faces the raw water chamber (11); the single The flow guide structure (5) comprises a mounting hole (51) arranged at the upper end of the filter cartridge body (43); a one-way water flow barrier (52) is movably provided in the mounting hole (51); one end of the one-way water flow barrier (52) extends to the outside of the filter cartridge body (43) and the other end is located inside the filter cartridge body (43); one end of the one-way water flow barrier (52) located outside the filter cartridge body (43) is provided with a water retaining portion (53) abutting against the outer side of the mounting hole (51) in the circumferential direction; and the one-way water flow barrier (52) is provided with a water retaining portion (53) abutting against the outer side of the mounting hole (51) in the circumferential direction. The component (52) has an elastic support structure (54) capable of keeping the water retaining portion (53) against the outer side of the mounting hole (51) in a circumferential direction; the elastic support structure (54) comprises an elastic component (541) sleeved on one end of the one-way water flow barrier component (52) located inside the filter cartridge body (43); one end of the elastic component (541) acts on the inner side of the filter cartridge body (43), and the other end acts on a limiting portion (542) arranged on the one end of the one-way water flow barrier component (52) away from the water retaining portion (53). 2.根据权利要求1所述的反冲洗过滤器,其特征在于,所述的水流方向切换驱动组件(62)包括与水流切换体(61)上端相连且延伸至端盖(2)周向外侧的切换体连接部(621),且所述的切换体连接部(621)与反冲洗切换旋钮(622)相连;或者,所述的切换体连接部(621)与电动驱动器(623)相连。2. The backwash filter according to claim 1 is characterized in that the water flow direction switching drive assembly (62) comprises a switching body connecting portion (621) connected to the upper end of the water flow switching body (61) and extending to the circumferential outer side of the end cover (2), and the switching body connecting portion (621) is connected to the backwash switching knob (622); or, the switching body connecting portion (621) is connected to the electric driver (623). 3.根据权利要求2所述的反冲洗过滤器,其特征在于,所述的水流方向切换结构(63)包括设置在水流切换体(61)上且分别与反冲洗腔(23)相连通的进水部(631)和出水部(632),且所述的进水部(631)和出水部(632)呈L形错位设置且相互连通从而形成上述反冲洗腔(23),所述的进水部(631)和第一挡水部(633)相对应,所述的出水部(632)和第二挡水部(634)相对应,且当所述的进水部(631)与入水口(21)相连通时,所述的第一挡水部(633)封堵于出水口(22)端部,或者,当所述的出水部(632)与出水口(22)相连通时,所述的第二挡水部(634)封堵于入水口(21)端部。3. The backwashing filter according to claim 2, characterized in that the water flow direction switching structure (63) comprises a water inlet (631) and a water outlet (632) which are arranged on the water flow switching body (61) and are respectively connected to the backwashing chamber (23), and the water inlet (631) and the water outlet (632) are arranged in an L-shaped staggered manner and are connected to each other to form the above-mentioned backwashing chamber (23), the water inlet (631) corresponds to the first water retaining portion (633), and the water outlet (632) corresponds to the second water retaining portion (634), and when the water inlet (631) is connected to the water inlet (21), the first water retaining portion (633) is blocked at the end of the water outlet (22), or when the water outlet (632) is connected to the water outlet (22), the second water retaining portion (634) is blocked at the end of the water inlet (21). 4.根据权利要求1所述的反冲洗过滤器,其特征在于,所述的滤芯组件(4)包括呈筒状且周向具有若干通孔的滤芯筒体(43),所述的滤芯筒体(43)上下端分别封闭,所述的滤芯筒体(43)周向外侧套设有滤网(44),且所述的刮洗架体(41)分别与过滤杯体(1)周向内壁和/或滤网(44)周向外壁相接触。4. The backwash filter according to claim 1 is characterized in that the filter element assembly (4) comprises a filter element cylinder (43) which is cylindrical and has a plurality of through holes in the circumferential direction, the upper and lower ends of the filter element cylinder (43) are respectively closed, a filter screen (44) is sleeved on the circumferential outer side of the filter element cylinder (43), and the scraping frame (41) is respectively in contact with the circumferential inner wall of the filter cup (1) and/or the circumferential outer wall of the filter screen (44).
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