Limited-length contact lubrication abrasion integrated tester
Technical Field
The invention relates to a limited-length contact lubrication and wear integrated testing machine, in particular to an optical elastic hydrodynamic lubrication and wear integrated testing machine for researching a long/short limited-length contact problem.
Background
In industrial practice, a limited long contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication condition with different contact lengths is formed between a plurality of mechanical parts which move relatively. In the existing optical elastic hydrodynamic lubrication test bed, the problem of elastic hydrodynamic lubrication in the forms of point contact or surface contact and the like can only be researched, the working condition of long/short limited long contact in industrial practice cannot be simulated, and the shape and the thickness of an elastic hydrodynamic lubrication oil film under the working condition can not be measured. In the existing point contact or surface contact test bed, a glass disc is generally driven to rotate; if the long/short/limited-length contact test is carried out in such a way, linear velocities at different positions in the axial direction of the roller are different, and the long/short/limited-length contact problem cannot be effectively and accurately simulated. In other words, no tester has been developed to address the problem of optical lubrication associated with long/short finite-length contacts.
Therefore, it is sought to design a testing machine for studying the integration of long/short finite-length contact lubrication wear so as to be able to better simulate the actual working condition, study the problem of long/short finite-length contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication or wear, measure the shape and thickness of an oil film under the working condition, or measure the wear condition of a test piece under the working condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the prior art can not effectively and accurately simulate the actual working condition of long/short/limited long contact in the field of optical elastic fluid power, and can not carry out the lubricating wear experiment.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is to provide a limited-length contact lubrication wear integrated testing machine, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a frame, a first clamp for clamping a roller and a second clamp for clamping a glass block or a metal block, wherein the first clamp and the second clamp are arranged on the frame, a loading device for applying a load to the first clamp is arranged below the frame, a driving device for driving the second clamp to do reciprocating linear motion is arranged on the frame, a long/short limited-length contact zone is formed between the roller and the moving glass block or metal block, an optical acquisition system for acquiring an image of a lubricating oil film of the contact zone is arranged above the contact zone, and the optical acquisition system is connected with a computer.
Preferably, the driving device comprises a motor and a gear transmission structure, and the motor drives the second clamp through the gear transmission structure so as to drive the glass block or the metal block to do reciprocating linear motion.
Preferably, the gear transmission mechanism comprises a speed reducer, a coupler, a gear connecting rod and a gear, the rotating shaft of the motor is connected with the input shaft of the speed reducer, and the output shaft of the speed reducer is connected with the gear through the coupler and the gear connecting rod.
Preferably, the first clamp comprises a concave-structured clamp shell, two groups of bearings are arranged in the clamp shell side by side, the bearings are connected with the clamp shell through bearing shafts penetrating through the clamp shell, the rollers are arranged on a gap formed by the two groups of bearings, and the first clamp is arranged on the loading device.
Preferably, the second clamp is arranged on the frame through a slide rail device, two ends of the second clamp are arranged on the slide rail device and driven by a driving device to reciprocate along the slide rail device, a frame-shaped structure used for clamping a glass block or a metal block is arranged in the middle of the second clamp, and a rack matched with the gear and a speed sensor used for detecting the movement speed of the second clamp are arranged on the second clamp.
Preferably, the slide rail device is including establishing preceding slide rail support and the back slide rail support on last mesa, preceding slide rail support includes the support one of being connected with last mesa and establishes the recess on support one, is equipped with gyro wheel one in the recess, and back slide rail support is equipped with gyro wheel two including establishing support two on last mesa and establishing the through-hole on support two, is equipped with gyro wheel two in the through-hole, the one end of anchor clamps two is established on the recess, and the other end passes the through-hole and locates on the back slide rail support.
Preferably, the loading device includes the loading layer board of establishing on last mesa, the loading sleeve of being connected with last mesa lower surface, be used for to loading layer board applys the thimble of load, be used for to the thimble apply the loading pole of load, be used for driving the loading hand wheel of loading pole, anchor clamps are established on the loading layer board, the thimble passes through the barrel core and is connected with the loading pole, and in the loading sleeve was located to the barrel core, the thimble was connected to barrel core one end, and the other end was equipped with the pipe that is used for connecting loading pole one end, and the cover has a spring on the pipe, and the loading hand wheel is connected to the other end of loading pole, is equipped with on the loading pole to be used for making the spring be in compression state's loading dish, is equipped with the limit structure who.
Preferably, the limiting structure comprises a loading barrel end cover arranged at the bottom end of the loading sleeve, a self-aligning ball bearing is arranged between the loading rod and the loading barrel end cover, and the loading rod penetrates through the self-aligning ball bearing and the loading barrel end cover to be connected with the loading hand wheel; a pressure sensor for measuring the stress of the thimble in real time is arranged between the thimble and the cylinder core; the loading disc is connected with the loading rod through a fastener, and an opening used for adjusting the position of the loading disc is formed in the side wall of the sleeve.
Preferably, the frame comprises an upper table top, a lower table top and a support post, and the upper table top and the lower table top are supported by the support post.
Preferably, two bearing seats are arranged on the upper table top, deep groove ball bearings are arranged in the bearing seats, inner rings of the deep groove ball bearings are connected through bearing connecting rods, and the loading supporting plate is connected with the bearing connecting rods.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the contact between the long roller and the short and the limited length in the actual working condition can be simulated, so that the change of the relative speed in the axial direction of the roller when the long roller and the rotating glass block move relatively is avoided, and the practicability and the reliability of the test are improved;
(2) the structure is reasonable, the operation is convenient, the control is easy, and the test operability is improved;
(3) the oil film image can be observed and stored in real time;
(4) the measured oil film image is clear, and the measured oil film thickness is accurate.
The invention has simple structure, strong practicability and reliable work, and provides a reliable test device for researching the lubrication or abrasion problem of long/short/limited long contact under a certain load.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the main structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the main body structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the front rail bracket of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the rear track support of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front and top view of a second clamp of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a front and top view of a first clamp of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to reduce impact and ensure smooth transmission, the bevel gear 8 and the helical rack are selected as the gear in the embodiment; the optical acquisition system consists of a light source, a CCD camera and an optical microscope, and the metal block is a steel block. As shown in FIG. 1, the main structure of a limited long contact lubrication wear integrated testing machine related to the present invention comprises: the device comprises an upper table top 1, a first clamp 2, a roller 3, a rubber pad 4, a glass block 5, a second clamp 6, a key 7, a helical gear 8, a gear gland 9, a gear connecting rod 10, a rear sliding rail support 11, a coupling 12, a reducer support 13, a reducer 14, a motor 15, a bearing seat 16, a loading supporting plate 17, a loading sleeve 18, an ejector pin 19, a pressure sensor 20, a cylinder core 21, a spring 22, a loading disc 23, a loading rod 24, a self-aligning ball bearing 25, a loading cylinder end cover 26, a loading hand wheel 27, a lower table top 28 and a support 29. For convenience of illustration, the specific form of the second clamp 6, the speed sensor 30 and the front rail bracket 31 is shown in fig. 3.
The experiment machine mainly comprises a frame, a loading device, a driving device, a first clamp 2 and a second clamp 6.
The frame is composed of: four support posts 29 are respectively connected with the upper table-board 1 and the lower table-board 28 by screws to form the frame of the experiment machine.
The loading device is composed of: the thimble 19, the pressure sensor 20 and the cylinder core 21 are connected in sequence by using super glue, so that the pressure sensor 20 can measure the force applied on the thimble 19 in real time; a tube for connecting one end of a loading rod 24 is processed at one end of the cylinder core 21, a spring 22 is sleeved on the tube, then the loading rod 24 provided with a loading disc 23 is installed in the cylinder core 21, wherein the loading disc 23 is in screw connection with the loading rod 24, and the position of the loading disc 23 on the loading rod 24 is adjusted until two ends of the spring 22 are in contact with the cylinder core 21 and the loading disc 23 and are in a pressed state; after a self-aligning roller bearing 25 is arranged at the lower side of a loading rod 24, the assembled part from a thimble 19 to the self-aligning ball bearing 25 is integrally arranged in a loading sleeve 18, then a loading cylinder end cover 26 is arranged at the bottom of the loading sleeve 18, and the loading sleeve 18 is in screw connection with the loading cylinder end cover 26; the loading sleeve 18 is connected with the upper table top 1 through screws so as to fix the loading device and bear the weight; a strip-shaped hole is formed in the right side of the loading sleeve 18, and after the loading disc 23 is located, a screw is used for penetrating into the strip-shaped hole from outside to inside and screwing the strip-shaped hole into a threaded hole in the loading disc 23 so as to fix the loading disc 23 in the circumferential direction; the loading hand wheel 27 is in threaded connection with the loading rod 24.
The driving device is configured as follows: the reducer 14 is respectively connected with the reducer bracket 13 and the motor 15 through screws and is connected with the gear connecting rod 10 through a coupler 12 so as to transmit the rotation of the motor 15 to the gear connecting rod 10; the helical gear 8 is connected with the gear connecting rod 10 through a key 7 and is fixed by a gear gland 9, and the gear end cover 9 is in threaded connection with the gear connecting rod 10; the reducer bracket 13 is screwed to the upper deck 1 to support the reducer 14 and the motor 15.
Two bearing supports 16 are connected with the upper table top 1 through screws, deep groove ball bearings are arranged in the two bearing supports, and inner rings of the two deep groove ball bearings are connected through a bearing connecting rod so that the bearing connecting rod can rotate freely; the loading supporting plate 17 is connected with the bearing connecting rod through screws, and the first clamp 2 is connected with the loading supporting plate 17 through screws so as to fix the first clamp 2 on the loading supporting plate 17; the front slide rail bracket 31 and the rear slide rail bracket 11 are respectively connected with the upper table board 1 through screws so as to support the second clamp 6 and enable the second clamp to freely slide in the slide rails; a rubber pad 4 is arranged on the frame-shaped structure in the middle of the second clamp 6, and then a glass block 5 is arranged and fixed by the rubber pad 4, a gasket and a screw; the non-rack end of the second clamp 6 is provided with a speed sensor 30 so as to feed back the actual moving speed of the glass block 5 arranged on the second clamp 6 in real time.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5: the lower bottom plates of the front sliding rail bracket 31 and the rear sliding rail bracket 11 are provided with strip-shaped holes so as to be fixed on the upper table top 1 through screws; a row of rollers I are mounted on the lower side of the groove above the front slide rail bracket 31, so that the lower surface of the end of the rack II 6 can slide freely; a row of second rollers are respectively arranged above and below the through hole on the upper side of the rear sliding rail bracket 11, so that the upper surface and the lower surface of the toothless end of the second clamp 6 can freely slide.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the second clamp 6, which is a front view and a top view respectively: a certain number of racks are processed on the upper surface of the rack end of the second clamp 6 and can be matched with the gears of the helical gears 8, so that the motor 15 can transmit through a gear-rack mechanism; the lower surface of the rack end is smooth so as to freely slide on the first roller of the front sliding rail bracket 31; the upper surface and the lower surface of the toothless end of the second clamp 6 are smooth surfaces, so that the second clamp can freely slide in the through hole of the rear slide rail bracket 11, which is provided with the second roller; the middle of the second clamp 6 is of a square frame-shaped structure, so that the glass block 5 can be installed and a certain space is reserved for the glass block to be in contact with the roller 3; and two threaded holes are formed in the upper surface of the second clamp 6 close to the frame-shaped structure, so that the glass block 5 can be fixed by using screws, gaskets and rubber pads 4.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the first clamp 2, which is a front view and a top view respectively: the first clamp 2 mainly comprises a clamp shell, 4 cylindrical roller bearings and 2 bearing shafts, wherein the clamp shell is of a concave structure, strip-shaped pressing strips are arranged above two sides of the clamp shell respectively, and the strip-shaped pressing strips are connected with a main body of the clamp shell through screws; two cylindrical roller bearings are arranged on each bearing shaft, and then the bearing shafts provided with the cylindrical roller bearings are arranged on the clamp shell; the first clamp 2 is connected with the upper table top 1 through screws; in the test, the roller 3 is placed in the middle of the jig 2 so that the roller 3 can freely rotate while moving relative to the glass block 5.
The motor 15 related to the embodiment selects Mitsubishi HG-MR43, the matched PLC and servo driver selects Mitsubishi transistor FX3U-16MT and Mitsubishi MR-J4-40A, and the speed reducer 14 selects PGL 60-40; the cylindrical roller bearing used by the first clamp 2 is NSK-NU205ET, the deep groove ball bearing used by the bearing seat 16 is 6200, and the self-aligning roller bearing 25 is 21304 CC.
The working principle of the experimental machine is as follows: the loading hand wheel 27 is rotated to drive the loading rod 24 to rotate, and the loading disc 23 moves up and down along the loading rod 24 due to the circumferential fixation, so that the loading or unloading is realized through the spring 22; the roller 3 and the glass block 5 are in long/short limited-length contact under certain load through a loading device and a clamp I2; the upper surface of one end of the second clamp 6 is provided with a helical rack which forms a gear-rack mechanism together with the helical gear 8; the second clamp 6 is supported by the front slide rail bracket 31 and the rear slide rail bracket 11, so that the rollers 3 and the glass blocks 5 can be contacted under certain load and can also move relatively in a certain rule; the motor 15 drives the second clamp 2 provided with the glass block 5 to do reciprocating linear motion through a gear-rack mechanism formed by the helical gear 8 and a rack on the second clamp 2; a speed sensor 30 is arranged on the second clamp 6 so as to feed back the actual moving speed of the glass block 5 in real time; observing and collecting images by using a CCD camera, an optical microscope and the like, and measuring the thickness of an oil film by using oil film analysis software; and measuring the abrasion condition of the roller by using a surface topography instrument and the like after the test.
This example was tested: after the roller 3 is arranged on the first clamp 2, the loading hand wheel 27 is rotated to enable the roller 3 to be in long/short limited-length contact with the glass block 5; continuing to rotate the loading handwheel 27 until a predetermined load is reached; a PLC and a servo driver are used for driving a motor 15 to move according to a certain rule, and a bevel gear 8 is driven through a speed reducer 14, a coupler 12, a gear connecting rod 10 and the like, so that a clamp II 2 provided with a glass block 5 is driven to do reciprocating linear motion through a gear-rack mechanism formed by the bevel gear 8 and a bevel rack of the clamp II 6; an optical acquisition system consisting of a light source, a CCD camera and an optical microscope is positioned right above a contact area of the roller 3 and the glass block 5, and can acquire an oil film image of the contact area in real time and transmit the oil film image to a computer for storage; measuring and analyzing the acquired oil film image by using oil film analysis software to obtain the shape and thickness of the formed elastic hydrodynamic lubrication oil film; after the test, the wear condition of the roller was measured using a surface topography instrument or the like.
The invention has the following features: (1) the roller and the glass block or the steel block can be clamped, and the roller and the glass block or the steel block can form long/short limited-length contact under certain load through a loading system; (2) the glass block or the steel block is indirectly driven by the motor to do reciprocating linear motion under the state of being in contact with the roller, and is lubricated by elastic fluid power under the condition of long/short limited-length contact with the roller; (3) the shape and the thickness of an elastic hydrodynamic lubrication film formed by the roller and the glass block can be observed and stored in real time.
When the abrasion test is carried out by using the invention, the glass block 5 in the test process is only replaced by a steel block with the same size, and the principle is approximately the same as the test method. After the wear test is completed, the wear condition of the roller is measured using a surface topography instrument or the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, so that any person skilled in the art can make changes or modifications to the equivalent embodiments using the above disclosure. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention, unless they depart from the technical spirit of the present invention.