CN111114629B - Steering system and automobile - Google Patents
Steering system and automobile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111114629B CN111114629B CN201911400127.1A CN201911400127A CN111114629B CN 111114629 B CN111114629 B CN 111114629B CN 201911400127 A CN201911400127 A CN 201911400127A CN 111114629 B CN111114629 B CN 111114629B
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- Prior art keywords
- steering
- air spring
- connecting arm
- hub motor
- arm
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
- B62D5/0421—Electric motor acting on or near steering gear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
- B60G11/26—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having fluid springs only, e.g. hydropneumatic springs
- B60G11/27—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having fluid springs only, e.g. hydropneumatic springs wherein the fluid is a gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
- B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a steering system and an automobile, and relates to the technical field of automobile steering. The steering system comprises a hub motor frame, a steering mechanism and a suspension mechanism, wherein the hub motor frame is used for supporting a hub motor, the steering mechanism comprises a driving motor, a speed reducer and a steering gear, an output shaft of the driving motor is connected with an input shaft of the speed reducer, an input end of the steering gear is connected with an output shaft of the speed reducer, an output end of the steering gear is connected with the hub motor frame, and the suspension mechanism comprises an air spring shock absorber assembly, and the air spring shock absorber assembly is connected with an output end of the steering gear through the hub motor frame. The wheel hub motor frame arranged in the steering system not only can support the wheel hub motor to be connected with the wheel hub so that the wheel hub motor drives the wheel to move independently, but also can enable the steering mechanism and the suspension mechanism to be connected with the wheel through the wheel hub motor frame so that the connection relation between the steering mechanism and the suspension mechanism and the wheel is simple and the occupied space is small.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile steering, in particular to a steering system and an automobile.
Background
In the running process of the automobile, a driver deflects the wheels on the steering axle of the automobile by a certain angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the automobile through the automobile steering system to change the running direction of the automobile, and the main function of the automobile is to ensure that the automobile can run in a steering way according to the intention of the driver. When the automobile performs steering, the steering angle directly influences the flexibility of the automobile, and based on the structure of the current steering system, the steering angle of the general automobile is 30-40 degrees, the steering angle of the minibus is basically 30-34 degrees, and the steering angle of the automobile types such as cars, SUVs and the like is 40 degrees.
With the increasing saturation of vehicles, the running and parking spaces of single vehicles are smaller, the problems of difficult running and difficult parking are more and more obvious, and the vehicle is particularly obvious for people with unskilled driving technology, special vehicles running under complex working conditions and the like. If the steering device can realize 90-degree in-situ steering, the steering device can greatly facilitate the operation and control of a driver on the automobile.
In the prior art, a steering claw arranged by a steering gear is connected with a wheel, an upper swing arm and a lower swing arm, the upper swing arm is connected with a balance rod and a shock absorber through a balance shaft, and simultaneously, a front supporting piece and a rear supporting piece of the lower swing arm can rotate around a rotating shaft, so that the wheel can steer by 90 degrees, and transverse running is realized. But the steering gear is connected with the upper swing arm and the lower swing arm through a plurality of connecting pieces, the structure is complex, the occupied space is large, and the overall layout of the whole vehicle is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a steering system which is used for realizing simple connection relation between a steering mechanism and a suspension mechanism and wheels, occupies small space and is beneficial to overall layout of a whole vehicle.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A steering system, comprising:
The hub motor frame is used for supporting the hub motor;
The steering mechanism comprises a driving motor, a speed reducer and a steering gear, wherein an output shaft of the driving motor is connected with an input shaft of the speed reducer, an input end of the steering gear is connected with an output shaft of the speed reducer, and an output end of the steering gear is connected with the wheel hub motor frame;
the suspension mechanism comprises an air spring shock absorber assembly, and the air spring shock absorber assembly is connected with the output end of the steering gear through the hub motor frame.
Optionally, the in-wheel motor frame includes:
The mounting seat is used for supporting the hub motor;
And one end of the upper connecting arm is connected with the mounting seat, and the other end of the upper connecting arm is connected with the output end of the steering gear and the air spring damper assembly.
Optionally, the suspension mechanism further includes a first cross arm and a second cross arm, the air spring damper assembly includes a first air spring damper assembly and a second air spring damper assembly, the first cross arm is connected with the first air spring damper assembly, and the second cross arm is connected with the second air spring damper assembly.
Optionally, the in-wheel motor frame further includes a lower connecting arm, one end of the lower connecting arm is connected with the mounting seat, the other end of the lower connecting arm is connected with the second air spring damper assembly, and the upper connecting arm is connected with the first air spring damper assembly.
Optionally, the upper connecting arm and the lower connecting arm are both L-shaped, the upper connecting arm comprises a first supporting arm and a first connecting arm, the lower connecting arm comprises a second supporting arm and a second connecting arm, the first supporting arm and the second supporting arm are respectively connected with the mounting seat, the first connecting arm and the second connecting arm are both parallel to the axis of the mounting seat, the output end of the steering gear is connected with the first air spring damper assembly through the first connecting arm, and the second air spring damper assembly is connected to the lower end of the second connecting arm.
Optionally, a through hole is formed in the first connecting arm, and one end of the first air spring damper assembly extends out of the through hole and is in threaded connection with the output end of the steering gear.
Optionally, the in-wheel motor is disposed within a wheel hub of the front wheel and/or the rear wheel.
Optionally, the speed reducer is a two-stage planetary speed reducer.
Optionally, the steering gear is a recirculating ball steering gear, a worm-and-roller steering gear or a rack-and-pinion steering gear.
The invention further aims to provide an automobile, so that the suspension mechanism of the automobile occupies a small space, and the overall layout of the whole automobile is reasonable.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an automobile comprising the steering system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the steering system provided by the invention, the hub motor is supported by the hub motor frame, the steering device is connected with the suspension mechanism and the wheels through the hub motor frame, and the wheels are driven to realize 90-degree steering. The hub motor frame arranged in the steering system not only can support the hub motor to be connected with the wheel hub so that the hub motor drives the wheel to move independently, but also can enable the steering mechanism and the suspension mechanism to be connected with the wheel through the hub motor frame, and the hub motor frame occupies small space.
The automobile provided by the invention adopts the steering system, so that the occupied space of an automobile suspension mechanism is reduced, and the overall layout of the automobile is reasonable. The suspension mechanism adopts a double-cross arm suspension to enable the load of the vehicle to be high, the steering mechanism adopts a double-stage planetary reducer, sprung mass and unsprung mass are reasonably distributed by optimizing the reduction ratio of a planetary gear, and the steering mechanism adopts a recirculating ball steering gear to increase the output torque and has good steering operability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a steering system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an in-wheel motor frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a driving motor; 2, a double-stage planetary reducer, 3, a universal transmission shaft, 4, a recirculating ball steering gear, 5, a wheel hub motor frame, 6, an air spring shock absorber assembly, 8, a wheel hub motor, 9 and a tire;
51. a mounting base; 52, upper connecting arms, 53, lower connecting arms, 61, first air spring damper assemblies, 62, second air spring damper assemblies, 71, first cross arm, 72, second cross arm;
521. first support arm 522, first connecting arm 531, second support arm 532, second connecting arm.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Wherein the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.
Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected or detachably connected, mechanically connected or electrically connected, directly connected or indirectly connected via an intermediate medium, or in communication between two elements or in an interaction relationship between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first feature and the second feature being in direct contact, or may include the first feature and the second feature not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other by way of additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by the specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The current automobile steering systems mainly comprise a mechanical steering system, a mechanical hydraulic power-assisted steering system, an electro-hydraulic power-assisted steering system and an electric power-assisted steering system, wherein the steering angles of the steering systems are smaller than 45 degrees although the power sources and the control modes of the steering systems are different, and the steering systems are mutually influenced between wheels.
The invention designs an independent steering mechanism aiming at the problem that the steering angle of the existing steering system is limited, and the hub motor 8 is arranged in the driving wheel, so that not only can the 90-degree steering of the wheel be realized, but also the mutual influence between the wheels can be avoided, the independent operation can be ensured, and the connection relationship between the steering mechanism and the suspension mechanism is simple through reasonable arrangement, the occupied space is small, and the overall layout of the whole vehicle is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a steering system including an in-wheel motor housing 5, a steering mechanism, and a suspension mechanism. The wheel hub motor frame 5 is used for supporting a wheel hub motor 8, the steering mechanism comprises a driving motor 1, a speed reducer and a steering gear, an output shaft of the driving motor 1 is connected with an input shaft of the speed reducer, an input end of the steering gear is connected with an output shaft of the speed reducer, an output end of the steering gear is connected with the wheel hub motor frame 5, and the suspension mechanism comprises an air spring shock absorber assembly 6, and the air spring shock absorber assembly 6 is connected with an output end of the steering gear through the wheel hub motor frame 5.
According to the steering system provided by the embodiment, the in-wheel motor frame 5 is arranged to support the in-wheel motor 8, and the steering gear is connected with the suspension mechanism and the wheels through the in-wheel motor frame 5 and drives the wheels to realize 90-degree steering. The hub motor frame 5 arranged in the steering system not only can support the hub motor 8 to be connected with a wheel hub so that the hub motor 8 drives the wheel to independently move, but also can enable the steering mechanism and the suspension mechanism to be connected with the wheel through the hub motor frame 5, the occupied space of the hub motor frame 5 is small, compared with a plurality of connecting pieces of the steering mechanism and the suspension mechanism in the prior art, the arrangement of the hub motor frame 5 enables the connection relation between the steering mechanism and the suspension mechanism to be simple, the occupied space is reduced, and the overall layout of the whole vehicle is facilitated.
In the present embodiment, the driving motor 1 employs a PMSM (PERMANENT MAGNET Synchronous Motor for short) motor, i.e., a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The PMSM motor has the advantages of high starting torque, high efficiency, short starting time and high overload capacity. The input end of the steering gear is connected with the output shaft of the speed reducer through the universal transmission shaft 3, so that the output torque is large, and the steering operability is good. In the suspension mechanism, the elastic element is impacted to generate vibration, so that the running smoothness of the automobile is improved, the shock absorber is arranged in parallel with the elastic element in the suspension mechanism, and a hydraulic shock absorber is generally adopted in a shock absorption system for damping the vibration. The air spring damper assembly 6 employed in the present embodiment includes a hydraulic damper and an air spring, and compared with other dampers, the air spring damper has the advantages of small mass, good comfort, fatigue resistance, long service life, and the like.
Preferably, the speed reducer is a double-stage planetary speed reducer 2. In this embodiment, the speed reducer is a two-stage planetary speed reducer 2, and the two-stage planetary speed reducer 2 functions to reduce the high rotational speed input by the drive motor 1 and to reasonably distribute sprung and unsprung masses by optimizing the reduction ratio of the planetary gears. Of course, in other embodiments, the number of stages of the planetary reducer is set according to the magnitude of the reduction, and may be three or four stages.
In other embodiments, the speed reducer may also be a worm gear reducer, a gear reducer, or other speed reducer, but the sprung and unsprung masses cannot be reasonably distributed.
Preferably, the steering gear is a recirculating ball steering gear 4. In this embodiment, the steering gear adopts a recirculating ball steering gear 4, and the recirculating ball steering gear 4 generally has two transmission pairs, namely, a first transmission pair is formed by a screw, a steel ball and a nut, and a second transmission pair is formed by a rack on the nut and a gear sector of the rocker shaft. When the recirculating ball steering gear 4 works, when the torque acting on the steering wheel is transmitted to the steering screw rod through the steering transmission shaft, the force is transmitted to the steering nut through the steel ball, the nut moves along the axial direction, and then the rack on the steering nut drives the sector, namely the rocker shaft and the rocker arm are driven to rotate. The recirculating ball steering gear 4 has high transmission efficiency, light operation, long service life and stable and reliable work.
In other embodiments, the diverter may also be a worm-roller diverter. The worm-roller steering gear includes a worm, a roller, a crank of a rocker shaft, and a rocker shaft. The driver rotates the steering wheel, drives the worm shaft and the worm integrated with the worm shaft to rotate through the steering transmission shaft, and simultaneously the spiral teeth on the worm push the roller to rotate around the rocker shaft and enable the rocker to be linked. However, the worm roller steering gear has low transmission efficiency, and is not light and comfortable to operate as compared with the recirculating ball steering gear 4.
In other embodiments, the steering gear may also be a rack and pinion steering gear. A rack and pinion steering gear is one of the most common steering gears, and in operation, torque applied to a steering wheel is transmitted to a driving gear via a steering transmission shaft, and the driving gear pushes a rack to move, and causes wheels to deflect to achieve steering. The rack-and-pinion steering gear has simple structure, low cost, sensitive steering and small volume.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the in-wheel motor housing 5 includes a mounting seat 51 and an upper connection arm 52, the mounting seat 51 being for supporting the in-wheel motor 8, one end of the upper connection arm 52 being connected to the mounting seat 51, and the other end being connected to the output end of the steering gear and the air spring damper assembly 6. Preferably, the suspension mechanism further comprises a first cross arm 71 and a second cross arm 72, the air spring damper assembly 6 comprises a first air spring damper assembly 61 and a second air spring damper assembly 62, the first cross arm 71 is connected to the first air spring damper assembly 61, and the second cross arm 72 is connected to the second air spring damper assembly 62. Adopts a double-cross arm suspension mechanism, the load is high. Of course, in other embodiments, a trailing arm beam structure may be used, but the trailing arm Liang Fuzai is small relative to a double-wishbone structure.
Optionally, the hub motor frame 5 further includes a lower connecting arm 53, one end of the lower connecting arm 53 is connected to the mounting seat 51, the other end is connected to the second air spring damper assembly 62, and the upper connecting arm 52 is connected to the first air spring damper assembly 62. Specifically, the upper connecting arm 52 and the lower connecting arm 53 are both L-shaped, the upper connecting arm 52 includes a first supporting arm 521 and a first connecting arm 522, the lower connecting arm 53 includes a second supporting arm 531 and a second connecting arm 532, the first supporting arm 521 and the second supporting arm 531 are respectively connected with the mounting seat 51, the first connecting arm 522 and the second connecting arm 532 are both parallel to the axis of the mounting seat 51, the output end of the steering gear is connected with the first air spring damper assembly 61 through the first connecting arm 522, and the second air spring damper assembly 62 is connected with the lower end of the second connecting arm 532. Specifically, the first connecting arm 522 is provided with a through hole, and one end of the first air spring damper assembly 61 extends out of the through hole and is in threaded connection with the output end of the steering gear.
In this embodiment, an external thread is provided at one end of the first air spring damper assembly 61, a threaded hole is provided at one end of the rocker shaft of the recirculating ball steering gear 4, so that the first air spring damper assembly 61 and the recirculating ball steering gear 4 are in threaded connection, and the first air spring damper assembly 61 and the first connecting arm 522 are locked and fixed by a nut. The in-wheel motor housing 5 is provided according to the specifications of the wheels, and the in-wheel motor housing 5 is not only used for supporting the in-wheel motor 8, but also an important connection member between the steering mechanism and the suspension mechanism, which is equivalent to a universal joint, for transmitting the driving force and the steering torque to the wheels. The steering mechanism and the suspension mechanism are connected through the hub motor frame 5, so that 90-degree steering is realized, the layout of the suspension mechanism is optimized, the occupied space of the suspension mechanism is smaller, the structure is more compact, and the reasonable layout of the whole vehicle is facilitated.
In the present embodiment, the length of the first support arm 521 is greater than the length of the second support arm 531. Because the air spring damper assembly 6 is mounted in a limited manner, it is generally only vertically supported, cannot be twisted, and deflects no more than 5, otherwise it leaks. In order to secure the installation of the first air spring damper 61 while minimizing the occupied space of the entire suspension mechanism, the length of the first support arm 521 is set to be greater than the length of the second support arm 531.
Optionally, the in-wheel motor 8 is provided in the wheel hub of the front wheel and/or the rear wheel. The in-wheel motor 8 is mounted within the wheel hub, which in turn is mounted with the tire 9. The hub motor 8 is configured according to the driving mode of the automobile, if the automobile is driven by a front wheel, the hub motor 8 is arranged in a wheel hub of the front wheel, if the automobile is driven by a rear wheel, the hub motor 8 is arranged in a wheel hub of a rear wheel, if the automobile is driven by a rear wheel, the hub motors 8 are arranged in the wheel hubs of the front wheel and the rear wheel, and if the automobile is driven by four wheels, the hub motors 8 are respectively arranged in the wheel hubs of the front wheel and the rear wheel so as to realize direct driving of the wheels by the hub motor 8, the wheels and the wheels do not influence each other, and independent control is realized.
The steering system provided in this embodiment has the following working principle:
The driver rotates the steering wheel, the driving motor 1 works, the double-stage planetary reducer 2 reduces the high rotating speed input by the driving motor 1 by optimizing the reduction ratio of the planetary gears, the recirculating ball steering gear 4 is driven to rotate by the universal joint transmission shaft 3, the recirculating ball steering gear 4 drives the wheel hub motor frame 5 to rotate, the tire 9 is indirectly driven to rotate by 90 degrees, and then the wheel hub motor 8 drives the tire 9 to move forwards and backwards.
The embodiment also provides an automobile, which adopts the steering system, reduces the occupied space of an automobile suspension mechanism and ensures that the overall layout of the automobile is reasonable. The suspension mechanism adopts double-cross arm suspension with high load, the steering mechanism adopts a double-stage planetary reducer 2 and a recirculating ball steering gear 4, the sprung mass and the unsprung mass are reasonably distributed by optimizing the reduction ratio of a planetary gear, and the universal transmission shaft 3 and the recirculating ball steering gear 4 are adopted, so that the output torque is increased, and the steering operability is good.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should not be considered as limiting the invention, since modifications may be made in the specific embodiments and application scope of the invention in light of the teachings of the present invention.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911400127.1A CN111114629B (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Steering system and automobile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911400127.1A CN111114629B (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Steering system and automobile |
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| CN111114629A CN111114629A (en) | 2020-05-08 |
| CN111114629B true CN111114629B (en) | 2025-03-14 |
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| CN201911400127.1A Active CN111114629B (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Steering system and automobile |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112356919B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2022-12-13 | 河北隆春通用设备制造有限责任公司 | Knuckle arm arrangement structure for automobile independent suspension |
| EP4019310B1 (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2023-09-27 | Hyundai Mobis Co., Ltd. | Independent drive module |
| CN116039304A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-05-02 | 北理华创(佛山)新能源汽车科技有限公司 | A suspension guide mechanism and an integrated steering suspension drive system |
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| CN106739909B (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2024-03-15 | 深圳大学 | Electric wheel hub steering suspension system |
| CN108312839B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2024-05-28 | 吉林大学 | A double wishbone front suspension system for inner rotor hub motor drive |
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| JP2004161189A (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-06-10 | Bridgestone Corp | In-wheel motor system |
| CN203094172U (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-07-31 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Steer-by-wire device capable of independent steering and driving electric automobile and suspension system thereof |
| CN106335542A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-01-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Four-wheeled independent steering mechanism and working method |
| CN209441472U (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2019-09-27 | 深圳煜禾森科技有限公司 | A kind of four-wheel omnidirectional intelligent robot chassis |
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