CN111109014A - Organic planting method of dendrobium devoninum paxt - Google Patents

Organic planting method of dendrobium devoninum paxt Download PDF

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CN111109014A
CN111109014A CN201911400052.7A CN201911400052A CN111109014A CN 111109014 A CN111109014 A CN 111109014A CN 201911400052 A CN201911400052 A CN 201911400052A CN 111109014 A CN111109014 A CN 111109014A
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dendrobium
planting
purpurea
shed
moisture
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李能波
赵菊润
沈定才
廖勤昌
李丽梅
尹卓平
代家荣
左大磊
陈绍凤
李积阳
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LONGLING COUNTY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF DENDROBIUM
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
    • C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开一种紫皮石斛的有机种植方法，包含了整地、制备栽培基质、搭建种植棚、搭建种植床、移栽、肥份管理和病虫害防治等步骤，在种植过程中，采用有机基质和肥料，能促进紫皮石斛根系发育，根系对养分吸收良好，对害虫进行提前诱杀，有利于促进紫皮石斛的生长发育和提高紫皮石斛的产量和质量。同时，本发明的方法降低了紫皮石斛种植成本，避免化肥施用对紫皮石斛品质的影，减少病虫害的发病率，有效的提高了床式栽培紫皮石斛的品质，本发明方法中的基质、肥份管理和病虫害防治同样适用于紫皮石斛活树仿生栽培。The invention discloses an organic planting method of Dendrobium purpurea, which comprises the steps of soil preparation, preparation of cultivation substrate, establishment of planting shed, establishment of planting bed, transplanting, fertilizer management, and control of diseases and insect pests. Fertilizers can promote the development of the root system of Dendrobium purpurea, the root system can absorb nutrients well, and trap and kill pests in advance, which is conducive to promoting the growth and development of Dendrobium purpurea and improving the yield and quality of Dendrobium purpurea. At the same time, the method of the invention reduces the planting cost of Dendrobium purpurea, avoids the effect of chemical fertilizer application on the quality of Dendrobium purpurea, reduces the incidence of diseases and insect pests, and effectively improves the quality of Dendrobium purpurea in bed cultivation. , fertilizer management and pest control are also applicable to the bionic cultivation of Dendrobium purpurea.

Description

Organic planting method of dendrobium devoninum paxt
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dendrobium planting, and particularly relates to an organic planting method of dendrobium devonianum.
Background
Dendrobium devonianum is a kind of plant of the genus Dendrobium belonging to the family Orchidaceae represented by Dendrobium devonianum, which is sensitive to the reaction of a substrate and a fertilizer and requires strict control of the absorption process of nutrients and water. In the process of cultivating the dendrobium devonianum, the pest control is difficult, the nutrient absorption of the root system, the growth amount of the dendrobium devonianum and the dry matter accumulation can be directly influenced by the cultivation medium and the fertilizer. Therefore, a method for promoting the nutrient absorption of the root system of the dendrobium devonianum, promoting the fertilizer efficiency to be exerted and improving the yield and the quality of the dendrobium devonianum is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the organic planting method of dendrobium devonianum, which has the advantages of good water and fertilizer absorption, less plant diseases and insect pests, high fertilizer efficiency and good quality.
An organic planting method of dendrobium devonianum comprises the following steps:
A. soil preparation
Removing weeds and crop stalks on the planting field, disinfecting and sterilizing by using quick lime or potassium permanganate, and killing a disease insect source;
B. preparation of culture substrate
Mixing pine bark, wood shavings, decomposed sheep manure, crushed charcoal and bagasse in a weight ratio of 4:2:1.5:1.5:1, placing the mixture in a sterilization chamber for sterilization, cooling after sterilization, and then placing the mixture in a fermentation chamber for fermentation to obtain a culture medium;
C. building planting shed
Building a planting shed on the arranged planting ground, wherein the height of the shed roof is 2.1 meters, the height of the shed shoulder is 1.2 meters, the width of the shed is 6 meters, the length of the shed is not more than 30 meters, the shed roof is sequentially covered with a plastic non-drip film, a movable sunshade net and a fixed sunshade net, insect-proof nets are arranged around the planting shed, and matched irrigation facilities are arranged in the shed;
D. build planting bed
Paving wood processing and edging waste into a planting bed with the height of 60-80 cm and the width of 100-120 cm in a planting shed, paving a planting medium with the thickness of 5-10 cm on the planting bed, and then managing the moisture in the soil according to the row spacing of 20 cm;
E. transplanting
Selecting high-quality dendrobium devonianum seedlings with developed root systems and no disease or insect pests, and fixedly planting the seedlings on the moisture of the soil according to the plant spacing of 10-15 cm, wherein the seedlings between the moisture of the soil and the moisture of the soil are fixedly planted in a staggered mode;
F. fertilizer management
And (3) soaking charcoal, decomposed sheep manure, fermented bagasse and quicklime in the biogas slurry for one month, and mixing according to the weight ratio of 3:3.5:3:0.5 to obtain the base fertilizer for dendrobium. Planting the dendrobium devonianum seedlings for 15-30 days at a dose of 0.15-0.20 kg/m2Applying a dendrobe base fertilizer, and then applying a biogas slurry diluent with the volume concentration of 25% on the dendrobe base fertilizer every 20-30 days, wherein the number of times of watering in the growth period is 4 in total;
G. pest control
2/3 beer is filled into an open container with the height of 5cm and the width of 10cm to form the pest trapping and killing device. And planting the dendrobium seedlings for 15-30 days, placing a pest trapping and killing device every 50cm along the direction of the moisture in the soil, and cleaning the pests in the pest trapping and killing device every 24 hours.
Preferably, the dosage of the quicklime in the step A is 0.25-0.5 kg/m2The concentration of the potassium permanganate is 800 times, and the dosage is 0.06kg/m2。
Preferably, in the step B, the sterilization temperature is 100-120 ℃, the sterilization time is 30min, the fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, and the fermentation time is 24 h.
Preferably, the insect-proof net in the step C is 40 meshes.
Preferably, the additional application amount of the biogas slurry diluent in the step F is 160-200 g/m2。
According to the organic planting method of the purple dendrobium, organic substrates and fertilizers are adopted, so that the development of the root system of the purple dendrobium can be promoted, the nutrient absorption of the root system is good, pests are trapped and killed in advance, and the growth development of the purple dendrobium is promoted, and the yield and the quality of the purple dendrobium are improved. Meanwhile, the method reduces the planting cost of the dendrobium devonianum, avoids the influence of chemical fertilizer application on the quality of the dendrobium devonianum, reduces the disease and insect pest incidence rate, and effectively improves the quality of bed-type cultivated dendrobium devonianum.
Detailed Description
Examples
Selecting an environment suitable for planting the dendrobium devonianum: subtropical and cool and humid areas with the altitude of 1400-1800 m; the relative humidity is 70-80%; the air is fresh and moist, and no toxic and harmful gas pollution exists; the best irrigation water is spring water, and the water quality of tap water and the like meets the GB5084 regulation. The average annual temperature is 12-21 ℃, the extreme highest temperature is not more than 32 ℃, the extreme lowest temperature is not less than 0 ℃, and the frost-free period is 200-300 d/y; the annual rainfall is 1400-2100 mm, the rain is less in winter and the drought is dry, and the high temperature and the high humidity are more in summer; the shading degree is 60-80%, and the illumination intensity is 3500-4000 Lux.
In the area meeting the ecological environment, the sunny slope land, the low-yield farmland and the terrace land with sufficient illumination and water sources in the morning to the sun or the north and south are selected, and the negative slope land and the concave land are not suitable to be selected. The planting field is selected to be more than 500m away from the main traffic road, the ecological environment is good, the pollution influence is avoided, or the pollution source is limited and controlled within an allowable range. An obvious mark is set in the producing area of the dendrobium devonianum, the range is marked, and antifouling warning is given.
After the cultivation land is selected, removing weeds, crop stalks and the like on the ground according to the proportion of 0.25-0.5 kg/m2Sterilizing with common quicklime or potassium permanganate solution of 800 times at a ratio of 0.06kg/m2The dosage of the pesticide is sprayed to kill the source of the pests.
40% of pine bark: 20% of wood shavings: 15% of decomposed sheep manure: 15% of crushed charcoal: mixing 10% of bagasse in a weight ratio, sterilizing in a sterilization chamber at 100-120 ℃ for 30min, and fermenting the sterilized materials in a fermentation chamber at 30 ℃ for 24h to obtain the culture medium.
A simple small arched shed with the width of 6m, the length of no more than 30m, the height of shed shoulder of 1.2m and the height of shed roof of 2.1m is built, the shed roof is covered with a plastic non-dropping film and a layer of sunshade net (movable and shading degree of 70%), a layer of sunshade net (fixed and shading degree of 70%) is additionally covered on the shed roof, 40-mesh insect-proof nets are installed at the periphery and the inlet, irrigation facilities are installed in the shed in a matching way, and an automatic or manual control spraying system (preferably, the simple small arched shed can spray water, fertilizer and pesticide) is installed conditionally.
The planting bed is built by using the bark waste materials processed by wood in the shed, the bed height is 60-80 cm, the bed width is 100-120 cm, and the bed length is determined according to the land. 5-10 cm of cultivation medium is paved on the planting bed, and soil moisture with the height of 3-5 cm is formed according to the row spacing of 20 cm.
And selecting high-quality and high-yield dendrobium devoninum paxt tissue culture or cuttage seedlings which are pure in seed source, strong in growth, developed in root system and free of diseases and insect pests 3-5 months per year. Planting the seedlings on the moisture of the soil according to the planting distance of 10-15 cm, wherein the moisture of the soil and the inter-planting seedlings of the moisture of the soil form triangular dislocation, and the stem base is 2-3 cm away from the matrix.
By adjusting the movable sunshade net of the planting shed, 60-80% of shading degree or 10-12 h of scattered light in the planting shed is avoided from direct insolation or long-term shade. After the dendrobium devonianum is planted, a humid environment is kept, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 14-28 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 70-80%, the temperature of a planting bed is controlled to be 25 +/-2 ℃, and the water holding capacity of a culture medium is about 30%. Water supplement can be carried out by combining with additional fertilizer, but excessive watering is not suitable, water accumulation and root rot are avoided, and spray watering can be carried out in the morning and at night or under high temperature, low temperature or sunshine insolation if drought occurs.
And soaking the charcoal in biogas slurry for one month, and mixing the charcoal, decomposed sheep manure, fermented bagasse and quicklime according to the weight ratio of 3:3.5:3:0.5 to obtain the base fertilizer for the dendrobium. After field planting, according to the growth vigor of the dendrobium seedlings, the dendrobium devonianum seedlings are field-planted for about 15-30 days according to the weight of 0.15-0.20 kg/m2Applying the dendrobium basic fertilizer, and then diluting the biogas slurry with the volume concentration of 25% according to the proportion of 160-200 g/m every 20-30 days2The fertilizer is applied on the base fertilizer of the dendrobium, and the number of times of watering in the growth period is 4 times in total.
During the growth process of the dendrobium devonianum, weeding is carried out according to the principle of 'removing early and removing small', and timely weeding can also reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. The pest and disease damage is mainly prevented, prevention and control are combined, the purple dendrobium is transplanted for 15-30 days, open containers are arranged every 50cm along the trend of soil moisture, 2/3 beer is filled in the open containers to trap and kill pests, and the pests in the open containers are cleaned every 24 hours.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment, the method is characterized in that the dendrobium devonianum is planted for about 15-30 days, the dendrobium devonianum base fertilizer is not applied, and the dendrobium devonianum base fertilizer is directly applied according to the proportion of 160-200 g/m2The amount of the additive is 25 percent of biogas slurry diluent by volume concentration. The other cultivation management levels are completely the same.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the examples, the difference is that the formula of the culture medium is 50% of pine bark, 30% of wood shavings and 20% of bagasse, and the rest culture management levels are completely the same.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the implementation, the difference is that 1, the formula of the culture medium comprises 50% of pine bark, 30% of wood shavings and 20% of bagasse; 2. planting dendrobium devoninum paxt for about 15-30 days, directly using 160-200 g/m of dendrobium devoninum paxt base fertilizer without applying dendrobium devoninum paxt base fertilizer2The amount of the additive is 25 percent of biogas slurry diluent by volume concentration. The other cultivation management levels are completely the same.
The agronomic characters, disease resistance, growth period, yield and quality of Dendrobium devonianum of examples and comparative examples 1-3 were measured, and the results of the measurement and comparison are shown in tables 1-5.
TABLE 1 influence of different treatment modes on the agronomic traits of Dendrobium devonianum
Figure 44110DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on the disease resistance of Violet
Figure 45433DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
TABLE 3 influence of different treatment modes on the growth period of Dendrobium devonianum
Figure 743261DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
TABLE 4 influence of different treatment methods on the yield of Dendrobium devoninum Paxt
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
TABLE 5 influence of different treatment methods on the quality of Dendrobium devoninum Paxt
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
As can be seen from the comparison of the indexes, the purple dendrobium of the comparison example 3 has slower development and relatively weak field growth, and the indexes of the dendrobium plant such as germination number, plant height, pitch, stem thickness and the like are all lower than those of other treatments; the disease resistance index, yield index, polysaccharide and mannitol were all lower than those of the example and the control example 1 using the culture medium of dendrobe of the present invention, and the growth time was also shorter than that of the example and the control example 1 using the culture medium of dendrobe of the present invention.
Dendrobium devonianum is a crop which is sensitive to the reaction of fertilizers and matrixes and needs to strictly control the absorption process of nutrients and moisture. In the cultivation of the dendrobium, whether the fertilizer application mode is reasonable or not directly influences the exertion of the fertilizer efficiency, the absorption of the root system to nutrients, the growth amount of dendrobium plants and the accumulation of dry matters. According to the organic planting method of the dendrobium devonianum, the cultivation medium and the fertilizer management method are beneficial to effective respiration of the root system of the dendrobium devonianum and enable the root system of the dendrobium devonianum not to accumulate water easily, so that root rot and other diseases are reduced, the growth period of the dendrobium devonianum is improved, exertion of fertilizer efficiency, absorption of the root system to nutrients, growth amount and dry matter accumulation of the dendrobium devonianum can be promoted to the maximum extent, and growth and development of dendrobium devonianum and yield and quality of the dendrobium devonianum are promoted.
Meanwhile, the organic planting method of the dendrobium devoninum paxt disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the cost of a planting house is reduced, the influence of chemical fertilizer and pesticide on the quality of the dendrobium devoninum paxt is reduced, the morbidity of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the quality of the dendrobium devoninum paxt cultivated in a bed mode is effectively improved. The organic planting method can be used for bed cultivation and living tree bionic cultivation.

Claims (5)

1.一种紫皮石斛的有机种植方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：1. an organic planting method of Dendrobium purpurea, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: A.整地A. Land preparation 清除种植地上的杂草和农作物茎秆清除，用生石灰或高锰酸钾进行消毒杀菌，杀灭病虫源；Remove weeds and crop stalks on the planting ground, and use quicklime or potassium permanganate for disinfection and sterilization to kill the source of pests and diseases; B.制备栽培基质B. Preparation of Cultivation Substrate 将松树皮、刨花、腐熟羊粪、碎木炭、甘蔗渣按4:2:1.5:1.5:1的重量比混合，混合后置于灭菌室灭菌，灭菌后冷却，再放入发酵室发酵，即得到栽培基质；Mix pine bark, shavings, decomposed sheep dung, crushed charcoal, and bagasse in a weight ratio of 4:2:1.5:1.5:1, put them in a sterilization room after mixing, cool them after sterilization, and then put them in a fermentation room Fermentation, i.e. to obtain the cultivation substrate; C.搭建种植棚C. Build a planting shed 在整理的种植地上搭建种植棚，棚顶高2.1米，棚肩高1.2米，棚宽6米，棚长不大于30米，在棚顶上依次覆盖塑料无滴膜、可移动遮阳网、固定遮阳网，种植棚四周安装防虫网，棚内安装配套灌溉设施；Set up a planting shed on the sorted planting ground, with a roof height of 2.1 meters, a shoulder height of 1.2 meters, a shed width of 6 meters, and a shed length of not more than 30 meters. Shade nets, insect-proof nets are installed around the planting shed, and supporting irrigation facilities are installed in the shed; D.搭建种植床D. Build a planting bed 在种植棚内，用木材加工边皮废料铺成高60～80cm、宽100～120cm的种植床，在种植床上铺上5～10cm厚的栽培基质，再按20cm的行距理墒；In the planting shed, a planting bed with a height of 60-80 cm and a width of 100-120 cm is paved with the waste of wood processing edge bark, and a cultivation substrate with a thickness of 5-10 cm is laid on the planting bed, and then the soil moisture is adjusted according to the row spacing of 20 cm; E. 移栽E. Transplant 选择根系发达，无病虫害的优质紫皮石斛种苗，按株距10～15cm定植在墒上，墒与墒之间的种苗错位定植；Select high-quality Dendrobium purpurea seedlings with developed roots and no pests and diseases, and plant them on the moisture according to the plant spacing of 10-15cm, and the seedlings between the moisture and the moisture are dislocated and planted; F. 肥份管理F. Fertilizer Management 沼液浸泡一个月的木炭、腐熟羊粪、发酵甘蔗渣、生石灰按照3:3.5:3:0.5的重量比混合，得到石斛基肥，紫皮石斛种苗种植15～30天后，按照0.15～0.20kg/m2的用量施用石斛基肥，之后每隔20～30天，将体积浓度为25%的沼液稀释液追施在石斛基肥上，生长期浇灌次数共计4次；The charcoal, decomposed sheep manure, fermented bagasse and quicklime soaked in biogas slurry for one month are mixed according to the weight ratio of 3:3.5:3:0.5 to obtain Dendrobium base fertilizer. Dendrobium basal fertilizer was applied at the dosage of /m 2 , and then every 20 to 30 days, the biogas slurry diluted solution with a volume concentration of 25% was topdressed on the dendrobium basal fertilizer, and the number of watering in the growing period was 4 times in total; G.病虫害防治G. Pest control 在一个高5cm×宽10cm的敞口容器中装入2/3啤酒，制成害虫诱杀器，石斛种苗种植15～30天，沿墒的走向，每隔50cm放置一个害虫诱杀器，每24小时清理一次害虫诱杀器中的害虫。Put 2/3 of beer into an open container with a height of 5cm × width of 10cm to make a pest trap. The dendrobium seedlings are planted for 15 to 30 days. Along the direction of moisture, place a pest trap every 50cm, every 24 days. Clean out pest traps every hour. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种紫皮石斛的有机种植方法，其特征在于：步骤A中所述的生石灰用量为0.25～0.5kg/m2，高锰酸钾的浓度为800倍，用量为0.06kg/m2。2. the organic planting method of a kind of Dendrobium purpurea according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the quicklime consumption described in step A is 0.25～0.5kg/m 2 , the concentration of potassium permanganate is 800 times, The dosage is 0.06kg/m 2 . 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种紫皮石斛的有机种植方法，其特征在于：步骤B中灭菌温度为100～120℃，灭菌时间为30min，发酵温度为30℃，发酵时间为24h。3. the organic planting method of a kind of Dendrobium purpurea according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step B, sterilization temperature is 100～120 ℃, and sterilization time is 30min, and fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, and fermentation time is 24h. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种紫皮石斛的有机种植方法，其特征在于：步骤C中防虫网为40目。4. the organic planting method of a kind of Dendrobium purpurea according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step C, insect-proof net is 40 orders. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种紫皮石斛的有机种植方法，其特征在于：步骤F中沼液稀释液的追施量为160～200g/m2。5. The organic planting method of Dendrobium purpurea according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step F, the topdressing amount of biogas slurry diluent is 160-200 g/m 2 .
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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112400626A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-02-26 庐山市环绿时代农业科技开发有限公司 Environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method
CN114041372A (en) * 2021-12-01 2022-02-15 浙江森古生物科技有限公司 Dendrobium plant disease and insect pest control method

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