CN111104746A - River flood beach elevation determination method based on wavelet analysis - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a river flood beach elevation determination method based on wavelet analysis, which adoptsS‑KAnd (4) obtaining the vertical flow velocity distribution of the river cross section through model simulation, and calculating the kinetic energy correction coefficients under different water levels. And (4) performing discrete wavelet decomposition on the water level-kinetic energy correction coefficient function to obtain coefficient absolute values of the high-frequency signal layer and each corresponding layer. And analyzing the absolute value of the coefficient of the highest frequency layer, determining the position of the kinetic energy correction coefficient where mutation occurs, and determining the elevation of the flood plain through comprehensive analysis. The method overcomes the defect of manually judging the beach groove boundary point in the traditional method in the implementation process, has weak subjectivity, is proved by tests to have accurate calculation result and strong operability, and provides a more accurate mode for acquiring the flood beach elevation of the compound cross section river channel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a river flood beach elevation determination method based on wavelet analysis, in particular to a method for determining river flood beach elevation by dividing a river flood beach and a main trough under the condition of mutation based on a kinetic energy correction coefficient of a compound section river channel, and belongs to the technical field of beach trough division in river bed evolution analysis.
Background
The river flood beach elevation refers to the elevation of the water level of the river course when the river flood beach is level with the river flood beach. In northern China, a sediment-rich river has a section form which is a compound section with a beach and a main trough. The analysis of the measured data shows that the water flow bed-building capability is strong when the water level of the beach is flat, and the water flow is dispersed when the water flow is larger and overflows the side beach, so that the bed-building effect is reduced. With the rapid development of economy, in order to make better use of river beach resources and water resources, it is necessary to divide the groove beach boundaries more clearly, and river beach elevation is an important parameter in the research of dividing the groove beach boundaries, and has a very important role in determining the beach water level and the beach flow.
At present, the methods for determining the elevation of the flood plain mainly include the following two methods: firstly, the estimation is carried out by adopting certain geometric standards based on the cross section shape of the riverbed. For example, the flow-water level relation before and after the flood beach in the measured data is used for determining the elevation of the flood beach. As the unit flow is increased before and after the flood beach, the water level change amplitude is obviously different, and the elevation of the beach can be determined by searching the position where the slope changes. However, in the actual river channel, the shape change of the river bed is large, and if the upper part of the main channel of the river is a gradually enlarged shape, a natural dike with a certain gradient also exists outside the main channel, so that the flow-water level relation found by using the method is relatively inaccurate. Yet another is to use a mathematical model to solve. For the river with much sediment in northern China, particularly for the river with the yellow river, which has the section type, the composite section river channel consists of the main channel and the flood plain, and the numerical difference of the hydraulic elements of the river channel and the flood plain in the composite section is large, so a two-dimensional mathematical model is usually adopted for calculation and solution. However, the premise of solving the mathematical model is to divide the beach groove, namely drawing a river channel section topographic map through field exploration, and then manually dividing the beach groove according to the landform characteristics, wherein the landform characteristics comprise the tail of a beach, the abrupt change point of a bank slope and the change of a bank plant, but the method has no specific standard, has certain artificial property in the dividing process and has strong subjectivity. Resulting in a large deviation of the beach groove boundary from the engineering expectation during actual operation. In addition, the method needs more parameters, and when the current rear section parameter is changed, operations such as manual division and the like need to be carried out newly, so that the workload is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the river flood beach elevation determination method based on wavelet analysis is simple to operate, weak in subjectivity and high in precision.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a method for determining river flood beach elevation based on wavelet analysis comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting digital topographic data of a river reach, selecting a river cross section, and sequentially arranging measuring points from left to right along the river cross section, wherein the starting point distance of each measuring point is DiCorresponding elevation is zbiI is 1, …, n, n represents the number of stations, and D1The width between the i-th and the i + 1-th measuring points is Bi，i＝1,…,n-1；
step 3, setting the lowest calculation water level L of the selected river cross sectionminAnd the highest calculated water level LmaxThe distance from the lowest calculated water level to the highest calculated water level is divided into 80 levels in the vertical direction, and the water level of each level is recorded as Lj，
j＝1,2,…,80，L80＝Lmax；
Step 5, calculating to obtain each level of water level L according to the topographic data in the step 1jLower flow cross sectionProduct is AjDividing the flow by the corresponding flow cross-section area to obtain the average flow velocity v of the flow cross-sectionjFinally, calculating the water level L of each stagejKinetic energy correction factor of αj；
Step 6, according to the water level sequence of 1 to 80 levels, using the water level LjModifying the coefficients α for independent variables and kinetic energyjFor dependent variables, a relational table is formed corresponding to the functional relationships, which are denoted as αj(Lj)；
Step 7, for the function α in step 6j(Lj) Discrete wavelet transform is carried out by adopting db6 wavelet to obtain transformed function space WmAnd outputs function αj(Lj) After discrete wavelet transform, in function space WmObtaining a relation graph of the lower coefficient, the number of high-frequency signal layers and the water level so as to obtain the absolute value of the coefficient corresponding to each high-frequency signal layer;
step 8, setting the water level L of each stagejAnd (3) recording the coefficient absolute values of the corresponding highest-frequency signals into the relation table in the step (6), sequencing the coefficient absolute values of all the highest-frequency signals in the table from large to small, taking the coefficient absolute value corresponding to the 8 th percent position in the sequence as a threshold, and taking the water level elevation corresponding to the coefficient absolute value before the 8 th percent position in the sequence as the first-level river floodbeach elevation in the multi-level river floodbeach of the river channel section.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the expression of the S-K model in step 4 is:
wherein g is the acceleration of gravity, hjiIs the water level LjDepth of water, s, at ith measuring point of lower river section0Is the river bed gradient, zbiIs the elevation of the ith measuring point of the river cross section, c is the roughness of the river, uijIs the water level LjThe average flow velocity of the vertical line of the ith measuring point is lower, lambda is a dimensionless diffusion coefficient, and y represents the transverse direction of the section.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the overflow Q in step 4jThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein u isijIs the water level LjAverage flow velocity of vertical line of the ith measuring point, hjiIs the water level LjDepth of water at ith measuring point of lower river section, BiThe width from the ith measuring point to the (i + 1) th measuring point.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the kinetic energy correction factor α in step 5jThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein u isijIs the water level LjAverage flow velocity of vertical line of the ith measuring point, hjiIs the water level LjDepth of water at ith measuring point of lower river section, BiIs the width from the ith measuring point to the (i + 1) th measuring point, vjIs the water level LjThe average flow velocity of the lower flow cross section,
Qjis the water level LjLower flow rate, AjIs the water level LjThe area of the lower flow cross section,
compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
the invention uses the kinetic energy correction coefficient as an index, quantitatively distinguishes the main trough and the flood plain of the compound section, and has weak subjectivity; the technical method of discrete wavelet transform is applied, the physical concept is clear, the calculation result is accurate, and the operability is strong. Therefore, the method for calculating the elevation of the flood plain is feasible, simple to operate and accurate in result.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining elevation of flood plain based on wavelet analysis according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a river hydrology and measurement point according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the distribution of absolute values of the water level-kinetic energy correction coefficient function after discrete wavelet transform according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows d after wavelet transform according to an embodiment of the present invention1Layer transform coefficient value-water level relationship line graph.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for determining elevation of flood plain based on wavelet analysis includes the following specific steps:
step 1, collecting digital topographic data of a river reach, arranging measuring points, and sequentially marking the measuring points as D from left to righti(i-1, 2, …, n) corresponding to elevation zbi(i ═ 1, 2, …, n), where D is1When it is 0, note DiTo Di+1The width between two measuring points is Bi(i＝1，2，…，n-1)；
step 3, setting the lowest calculated water level L of the section of the river reachminAnd the highest calculated water level LmaxCalculating the water level for a given water 80 set
(wherein j ═ 1, 2, …, 80), wherein L80＝Lmax；
The expression of the S-K model is:
wherein g is the acceleration of gravity (unit: m/s)2)；hjiIs the water level LjThe water depth (unit: m) of a measuring point of the cross section of the lower river channel; s0For river bed gradient, 0.00005 can be selected; c is the roughness of the river channel, and can be 0.025; u. ofjiThe average flow velocity (unit: m/s) of the vertical line of the measuring point; λ is dimensionless diffusion coefficient, and can be 0.001, zbiFor local bed elevation (step 1 measured), y represents the cross-section in the cross-section, corresponding to the starting point distance in step 1. The equation can be solved discretely by a characteristic difference method.
River cross-section overflow QjThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein u isjiIs the water level LjAverage flow velocity (unit: m/s) of vertical line of ith measuring point of lower river cross section, hjiIs the water level LjDepth of water (unit: m) at ith measuring point of lower river section, BiIs DiTo Di+1The width (unit: m) between two measuring points, n is the number of measuring points of the section, and the value range of j is 1-80.
Step 5, calculating to obtain each given water level L according to the topographic data in the step 1jThe lower flow cross-sectional area is AjDividing the flow by the corresponding flow cross-section area to calculate the average flow velocity v of the flow cross-sectionjFinally, calculating the water level L of each stagejKinetic energy correction factor of αj；
The formula of the kinetic energy correction coefficient is as follows:
wherein u isji、hjiThe meaning of (a) is the same as that described above, vjIs a given water level LjLower cross-sectional average flow velocity(unit: m/s) and the calculation formula is
AjFor a given water level LjLower flow cross-sectional area (unit: m)2) The calculation formula is
Step 6, using water level LjModifying the coefficients α for independent variables and kinetic energyjFor dependent variables, a relational table is formed corresponding to the functional relationships, which are denoted as αj(Lj)；
Step 7, for the function α in step 6jDiscrete wavelet transform is carried out by adopting db6 wavelet to obtain transformed function space WmThe output primitive function is subjected to discrete wavelet transform and then is in a function space WmA lower coefficient-layer number-water level relation graph and a coefficient absolute value under a corresponding time layer;
step 8, the resulting highest frequency layer (d)1) Coefficient absolute value of (2) corresponds to the argument (water level L)j) Recording the data in the relation table of step 6, and recording the highest frequency layer (d) in the table1) The absolute values of the coefficients of the signals are arranged from large to small, the value corresponding to the 8 th percent coefficient value is taken as a threshold value, and the corresponding independent variable (water level L) larger than the threshold value row is recordedj)；
Step 9, the water level L obtained in step 8jThe corresponding water level elevation is the first-level river flood beach elevation in the river channel section multi-level river flood beach.
Taking the section of the high village downstream of the yellow river as an example, the method for determining the elevation of the flood plain based on the wavelet analysis, provided by the invention, has the following specific implementation steps:
(1) the starting point distance, the elevation data and the hydrological data of the high village section are collected, each measuring point is numbered, and a section diagram is obtained and is shown in figure 2.
(2) Finding the lowest calculated water level L of the sectionmin101.32m and the highest calculated level Lmax112.92m, between the two points, 80 height points are uniformly selected as the calculated water level and filled in the table 1.
(3) The kinetic energy correction coefficients α at different water levels are calculated according to the steps and are correspondingly filled in the table 1.
(4) The data of table 1 is subjected to a discrete wavelet decomposition as shown in fig. 3. Outputting the highest frequency signal layer (d)1) The absolute values of the coefficients of (a) are filled in table 1.
(5) The highest frequency signal layer (d)1) The absolute values of the coefficients are arranged from large to small, the row of the coefficient value which is 8 percent of the first coefficient value is taken, and the corresponding water level L is recordedj. In this example, the 8 th% of the discrete wavelet coefficient is the threshold, and the water level L corresponding to the first 8% of the coefficient valuej105.11, 107.59, 109.05, respectively, as shown in FIG. 4.
(6) The cross section has 3 grades of river floodbeaches, and the elevation of the river floodbeaches is respectively from low to high: 105.11m, 107.59m and 109.05 m.
TABLE 1
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A river flood beach elevation determination method based on wavelet analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting digital topographic data of a river reach, selecting a river cross section, and sequentially arranging measuring points from left to right along the river cross section, wherein the starting point distance of each measuring point is DiCorresponding elevation is zbiI is 1, …, n, n represents the number of stations, and D1The width between the i-th and the i + 1-th measuring points is Bi，i＝1,…,n-1；
Step 2, setting the river course roughness according to the selected river course section, and determining the river bed gradient;
step 3, setting the lowest calculation water level L of the selected river cross sectionminAnd the highest calculated water level LmaxThe distance from the lowest calculated water level to the highest calculated water level is divided into 80 levels in the vertical direction, and the water level of each level is recorded as Lj，
j＝1,2,…,80，L80＝Lmax；
Step 4, at each stage of water level LjThen, the average flow velocity u of the vertical line of each measuring point is calculated by adopting an S-K modeljiWill ujiThe horizontal integral is obtained to obtain the water level LjLower excess flow rate Qj；
Step 5, calculating to obtain each level of water level L according to the topographic data in the step 1jThe lower flow cross-sectional area is AjDividing the flow by the corresponding flow cross-section area to obtain the average flow velocity v of the flow cross-sectionjFinally, calculating the water level L of each stagejKinetic energy correction factor of αj；
Step 6, according to the water level sequence of 1 to 80 levels, using the water level LjModifying the coefficients α for independent variables and kinetic energyjFor dependent variables, a relational table is formed corresponding to the functional relationships, which are denoted as αj(Lj)；
Step 7, for the function α in step 6j(Lj) Discrete wavelet transform is carried out by adopting db6 wavelet to obtain transformed function space WmAnd outputs function αj(Lj) After discrete wavelet transform, in function space WmObtaining a relation graph of the lower coefficient, the number of high-frequency signal layers and the water level so as to obtain the absolute value of the coefficient corresponding to each high-frequency signal layer;
step 8, setting the water level L of each stagejRecording the coefficient absolute values of the corresponding highest-frequency signals into the relation table in the step 6, sorting the coefficient absolute values of all the highest-frequency signals in the table from large to small, taking the coefficient absolute value corresponding to the 8 th percent position as a threshold, and taking the water level elevation corresponding to the coefficient absolute value before the 8 th percent position as the river section multistage river sectionA first level of river flood plain elevation in the flood plain.
2. The method for determining elevation of flood plain based on wavelet analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the expression of S-K model in step 4 is:
wherein g is the acceleration of gravity, hjiIs the water level LjDepth of water, s, at ith measuring point of lower river section0Is the river bed gradient, zbiIs the elevation of the ith measuring point of the river cross section, c is the roughness of the river, uijIs the water level LjThe average flow velocity of the vertical line of the ith measuring point is lower, lambda is a dimensionless diffusion coefficient, and y represents the transverse direction of the section.
3. The method for determining the elevation of a flood plain based on wavelet analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow rate Q of step 4jThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein u isijIs the water level LjAverage flow velocity of vertical line of the ith measuring point, hjiIs the water level LjDepth of water at ith measuring point of lower river section, BiThe width from the ith measuring point to the (i + 1) th measuring point.
4. The method for determining the elevation of a flood plain based on wavelet analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein said kinetic energy correction factor α in step 5jThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein u isijIs the water level LjAverage flow velocity of vertical line of the ith measuring point, hjiIs the water level LjDepth of water at ith measuring point of lower river section, BiIs the width from the ith measuring point to the (i + 1) th measuring point, vjIs the water level LjThe average flow velocity of the lower flow cross section,
Qjis the water level LjLower flow rate, AjIs the water level LjThe area of the lower flow cross section,
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| CN112161670A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-01 | 长江水利委员会水文局长江上游水文水资源勘测局 | River channel water level correction method considering time sequence and spatial structure |
| CN112504357A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-16 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Dynamic analysis method and system for river channel flow capacity |
| CN112800622A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-05-14 | 山东锋士信息技术有限公司 | Method and system for rapidly calculating river channel water cross section area |
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