Wet material crushing process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wet material processing, in particular to a wet material crushing process.
Background
The agricultural production mechanization requires that the granular organic fertilizer is in a granular ball shape, the fertilization speed is improved, the agricultural production cost is reduced, the fineness of the raw materials for producing the granular fertilizer is required to be more than 60 meshes, the higher the mesh number is, the better the balling effect is, the main raw materials of the organic fertilizer are agricultural straws, forestry wastes, livestock manure and the like which are decomposed by microorganisms, the average length of the decomposed fibers is more than 1cm, and the fibers can be pelletized after being crushed.
However, the prior art has the following disadvantages: the moisture of the decomposed organic fertilizer is more than 30 percent, the existing pulverizer on the market can only pulverize the organic fertilizer with the moisture of less than 5 percent, and no equipment which can pulverize the organic fertilizer with the moisture of more than 30 percent into the fineness of more than 60 meshes is arranged on the market, so the organic fertilizer pulverization is the bottle diameter in the production process of the whole fertilizer industry; in the prior art, the crushing process and the screening process are completed in two different devices, so that the working efficiency is low and the production cost is high; after being decomposed by a plurality of enterprises, the raw materials are blown by natural wind and are dried in the sun, the moisture content is naturally reduced, the time is generally more than 3 months, the conditional enterprises are dried by heat energy and then crushed, the crushed organic fertilizer is granulated by adding 30-40% of moisture to enable the organic fertilizer to form spherical particles, and the organic fertilizer is dried after the spherical particles are formed, so that a large amount of heat energy, electric energy and manpower are consumed in the process, and the production cost is increased; the conventional organic fertilizer is crushed by a process that the moisture content of materials is below 5 percent, and the materials are beaten or ground by a heavy hammer and then screened, so that the moisture content is low, the screening is very difficult, and a large amount of dust is easily generated to cause environmental pollution; the existing pulverizer has low pulverizing efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a wet material crushing process which comprises the following steps: (1) the wet materials entering the wet material crusher are cut and crushed by the rotary cutter, and the crushed wet materials are separated and screened by the negative pressure at the center of the outer cylinder of the crusher, so that the problem that the traditional crushing process can only crush organic fertilizers with the water content of less than 10 percent is solved, and the problem that the existing crusher can only crush the organic fertilizers with the water content of less than 5 percent and can not crush the organic fertilizers with the water content of more than 30 percent is solved; (2) the wet material pulverizer completes the automatic pulverizing and screening processes of wet materials, and solves the problems that in the prior art, the pulverizing process and the screening process are completed in two different devices, the working efficiency is low, and the production cost is high; (3) the wet material pulverizer replaces the traditional processes of drying, pulverizing, humidifying, granulating and drying into balls with the processes of pulverizing, granulating and drying into balls, reduces the process of raw material moisture change, and solves the problems of large consumption of heat energy, electric energy and manpower in the production process and production cost increase in the prior art; (4) the wet material pulverizer pulverizes wet materials with the water content of 10-40%, and solves the problem that a large amount of dust is easy to generate in the pulverizing process of the existing pulverizer to cause environmental pollution; (5) the main shaft of the grinder is provided with the power-assisted air knife and the power-assisted fan blade, the power-assisted air knife can further grind materials, the power-assisted air knife and the power-assisted fan blade can enhance the central negative pressure in the cylinder, increase the winnowing capacity, reduce the load of the induced draft fan and solve the problem of high production cost in the prior art; (6) the cutter head of the rotary cutter consists of an upper cutter head and a lower cutter head, the upper cutter head is cut again when the cut materials descend, the rotary cutter can cut the materials for multiple times, and the problem of low crushing efficiency of the existing crusher is solved.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a wet material crushing process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: shoveling wet materials into a wet material feeder in a wet material crushing system through a forklift, driving the wet materials to rotate at a constant speed in the wet material feeder by a mixing device, and pushing ironware, sand grains and stones with the mass of more than 50g in the wet materials into a sand settling tank at the bottom of the wet material feeder when the iron ware, the sand grains and the stones rotate in the device;
step two: when wet materials rotate at a constant speed in the wet material feeding machine, the wet materials close to the bottom end of the wet material conveying pipeline are sucked into the wet material conveying pipeline by negative pressure air generated by an induced draft fan, and ironware, sand grains and stones with the mass of less than 50g in the wet materials move along the bottom wall below the horizontal conveying pipeline in the conveying process of the wet materials in the horizontal conveying pipeline and fall into a pipeline sand settling chamber under the action of gravity;
step three: sucking residual wet materials into a wet material crusher by negative pressure air generated by a draught fan, enabling the wet materials to enter a conical crusher outer cylinder, rotating and descending along the inner wall of the crusher outer cylinder, and cutting the wet materials in the descending process to obtain crushed fine materials, enabling the crushed fine materials to move upwards along the negative pressure center of the crusher outer cylinder, discharging the wet material crusher from a fine material discharging pipe, and discharging the materials which are not crushed, ironware, stones and sand grains from the lower end to enter a slag storage bin;
step four: the crushed fine materials are led out of the wet material crusher through the inner cylinder and then are sucked into the induced draft fan, the induced draft fan conveys the crushed fine materials to the storage bin, the crushed fine materials fall into the bottom of the storage bin under the action of gravity, the crushed fine materials are conveyed out of the storage bin through the screw conveyor and are granulated in the fertilizer granulator, and gas in the crushed fine materials is discharged into the atmosphere after being dedusted by the bag-type dust remover.
As a further scheme of the invention: the wet material crushing system comprises the following equipment: wet material feed machine, wet material rubbing crusher, wet material feed machine one end top has wet material rubbing crusher through wet material transfer line intercommunication, wet material rubbing crusher top communicates to the air intake of draught fan through the pipeline, the air outlet of draught fan communicates to on storing storehouse top one side through the pipeline, store the storehouse top and install the sack cleaner, store the storehouse bottom and install the spiral discharge machine.
As a further scheme of the invention: wet material transfer pipe includes vertical transfer pipe, horizontal transfer pipe, and vertical transfer pipe, horizontal transfer pipe pass through the return bend intercommunication, a plurality of pipeline sand setting rooms are installed to horizontal transfer pipe bottom.
As a further scheme of the invention: the wet material crusher comprises a crusher outer cylinder and a first rotary cutter, one side of the crusher outer cylinder is communicated with a horizontal conveying pipeline, a crusher inner cylinder is arranged in the crusher outer cylinder, an upper bearing support is arranged at the top of the crusher outer cylinder, the top end of the crusher inner cylinder is installed on the upper bearing support in a penetrating mode, the top end of the crusher inner cylinder is connected with a fine material discharge pipe, a lower bearing support is installed at the bottom of the crusher inner cylinder, a slag storage bin is installed at the bottom of the lower bearing support, an installation plate is installed at the bottom of the slag storage bin, and a coarse material discharge pipe is installed at the bottom of the installation plate;
the bearing is all installed to upper bearing support, lower bearing support inside, the bearing all cup joints in the axis of rotation, the shaft coupling is installed on the axis of rotation top, the second motor is installed at the shaft coupling top, the axis of rotation has cup jointed helping hand fan blade, first rotary cutter, second rotary cutter, third rotary cutter, helping hand air knife from last to down in proper order at rubbing crusher outer tube inner wall.
As a further scheme of the invention: the power-assisted fan blade is arranged in an inner cavity of the inner barrel of the pulverizer, the length of the first rotary cutter is greater than that of the second rotary cutter and greater than that of the third rotary cutter, the first rotary cutter, the second rotary cutter and the third rotary cutter are identical in structure, the first rotary cutter, the second rotary cutter and the third rotary cutter respectively comprise a cutting edge, a cutter back is arranged on one side of the cutting edge, a cutter head is arranged at one end of the cutting edge, and the cutter head is formed by connecting an upper cutter head and a lower cutter head.
As a further scheme of the invention: an upper gate valve is installed on one side of the lower bearing support, and a lower gate valve is installed on one side, close to the upper gate valve, of the installation plate.
As a further scheme of the invention: the working process of the wet material pulverizer is as follows:
and starting a second motor, driving a first rotary cutter, a second rotary cutter, a third rotary cutter, a power-assisted fan blade and a power-assisted air knife on a rotating shaft to rotate at a high speed by the second motor, enabling wet materials from a wet material conveying pipeline to enter the outer barrel of the conical crusher from the tangential direction at a high speed, rotating and descending along the inner wall of the outer barrel of the crusher, accelerating the outer throwing of the wet materials when the wet materials meet the first rotary cutter and are further chopped by the second rotary cutter and the third rotary cutter in the descending process to rotate and descend at an accelerated speed to obtain crushed fine materials, enabling the crushed fine materials to enter the negative pressure center of the outer barrel of the crusher to move axially, leading out the wet material crusher from the fine material discharge pipe through the inner barrel of the crusher, discharging the uncrushed materials, ironware, stones and sand particles from the lower end to enter the slag storage bin, and periodically discharging the crushed materials from the coarse material discharge pipe.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the wet material crusher in the wet material crushing process, the wet materials entering the wet material crusher are cut and crushed by the aid of the first rotary cutter, the second rotary cutter and the third rotary cutter which rotate, the crushed wet materials are separated and screened through negative pressure at the center of the outer barrel of the crusher, the organic fertilizer containing 10-40% of water can be crushed and winnowed, the fineness of the organic fertilizer can reach more than 60 meshes, the winnowed uses wind power and the gravity of the wet materials of the organic fertilizer, the problem of difficulty in screening does not exist, and the bottle diameter of the traditional crushing process that the organic fertilizer containing less than 10% of water can only be crushed is broken through the wet material crusher;
(2) the wet material crusher completes the automatic crushing and screening processes of wet materials, avoids the need of using two devices, namely a crushing device and a screening device, improves the working efficiency and reduces the production cost;
(3) the wet material pulverizer replaces the traditional process of drying, pulverizing, humidifying, granulating and drying to form balls by pulverizing, granulating and drying to form balls in the whole organic fertilizer granulating and balling process, reduces the raw material moisture change process, reduces the production cost and improves the production efficiency;
(4) the wet material pulverizer pulverizes wet materials with the water content of 10-40%, and in the pulverizing process, due to large moisture of the materials, excessive dust cannot be generated, so that the pollution of the dust to air is reduced;
(5) the main shaft of the grinder is provided with the power-assisted air knife and the power-assisted fan blade, the power-assisted air knife can further grind materials, the power-assisted air knife and the power-assisted fan blade can enhance the central negative pressure in the cylinder, increase the winnowing capacity, reduce the load of the induced draft fan, reduce the overall power, reduce the required energy, reduce the equipment cost and save the operation cost;
(6) the cutter head of the rotary cutter consists of an upper cutter head and a lower cutter head, the upper cutter head is cut again when the cut materials fall, and the rotary cutter can cut the materials for multiple times, so that the cutting efficiency is improved.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wet feed comminution process according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic process flow diagram of a wet feed comminution process according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the wet feed grinder of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the wet feed transfer pipe of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a view showing the connection of the rotating shaft with the upper and lower bearing brackets according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a view showing the connection of a second rotary cutter and a rotary shaft according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the second rotary cutter according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a wet material feeder; 2. a wet material transfer conduit; 21. a vertical transfer pipe; 22. a horizontal transfer pipe; 3. a pipeline sand settling chamber; 4. a wet material pulverizer; 41. a second motor; 42. a coupling; 43. an inner barrel of the crusher; 44. a first rotary cutter; 45. a rotating shaft; 46. a second rotary cutter; 461. a back of a knife; 462. a blade; 463. a cutter head; 464. an upper cutter head; 465. a lower cutter head; 47. a third rotary cutter; 48. a lower bearing support; 49. a slag storage bin; 410. mounting a plate; 411. a fine material discharge pipe; 412. an upper bearing support; 413. an outer barrel of the crusher; 414. a power-assisted fan blade; 415. a power-assisted air knife; 416. an upper gate valve; 417. a lower gate valve; 418. a coarse material discharge pipe; 419. a bearing; 5. an induced draft fan; 6. a storage bin; 61. a spiral discharging machine; 62. a bag-type dust collector.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the present invention is a wet material pulverizing process, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: shoveling wet materials into a wet material feeder in a wet material crushing system through a forklift, driving the wet materials to rotate at a constant speed in the wet material feeder by a mixing device, and pushing ironware, sand grains and stones with the mass of more than 50g in the wet materials into a sand settling tank at the bottom of the wet material feeder when the iron ware, the sand grains and the stones rotate in the device;
step two: when wet materials rotate at a constant speed in the wet material feeding machine, the wet materials close to the bottom end of the wet material conveying pipeline are sucked into the wet material conveying pipeline by negative pressure air generated by an induced draft fan, and ironware, sand grains and stones with the mass of less than 50g in the wet materials move along the bottom wall below the horizontal conveying pipeline in the conveying process of the wet materials in the horizontal conveying pipeline and fall into a pipeline sand settling chamber under the action of gravity;
step three: sucking residual wet materials into a wet material crusher by negative pressure air generated by a draught fan, enabling the wet materials to enter a conical crusher outer cylinder, rotating and descending along the inner wall of the crusher outer cylinder, and cutting the wet materials in the descending process to obtain crushed fine materials, enabling the crushed fine materials to move upwards along the negative pressure center of the crusher outer cylinder, discharging the wet material crusher from a fine material discharging pipe, and discharging the materials which are not crushed, ironware, stones and sand grains from the lower end to enter a slag storage bin;
step four: the crushed fine materials are led out of the wet material crusher through the inner cylinder and then are sucked into the induced draft fan, the induced draft fan conveys the crushed fine materials to the storage bin, the crushed fine materials fall into the bottom of the storage bin under the action of gravity, the crushed fine materials are conveyed out of the storage bin through the screw conveyor and are granulated in the fertilizer granulator, and gas in the crushed fine materials is discharged into the atmosphere after being dedusted by the bag-type dust remover.
The wet material crushing system comprises the following equipment: wet material feeder 1, wet material rubbing crusher 4, wet material feeder 1 one end top has wet material rubbing crusher 4 through wet material transfer piping 2 intercommunication, and wet material rubbing crusher 4 top communicates to the air intake of draught fan 5 through the pipeline, and the air outlet of draught fan 5 communicates to on 6 top one side of storage storehouse through the pipeline, and sack cleaner 62 is installed at 6 tops of storage storehouse, and spiral discharging machine 61 is installed to 6 bottoms of storage storehouse.
The wet material conveying pipeline 2 comprises a vertical conveying pipeline 21 and a horizontal conveying pipeline 22, the vertical conveying pipeline 21 and the horizontal conveying pipeline 22 are communicated through bent pipes, and a plurality of pipeline sand settling chambers 3 are installed at the bottom of the horizontal conveying pipeline 22.
The wet material crusher 4 comprises a crusher outer cylinder 413 and a first rotary cutter 44, one side of the crusher outer cylinder 413 is communicated with a horizontal transmission pipeline 22, a crusher inner cylinder 43 is arranged inside the crusher outer cylinder 413, an upper bearing support 412 is arranged at the top of the crusher outer cylinder 413, the top end of the crusher inner cylinder 43 is installed on the upper bearing support 412 in a penetrating mode, a fine material discharging pipe 411 is connected to the top end of the crusher inner cylinder 43, a lower bearing support 48 is installed at the bottom of the crusher inner cylinder 43, a slag storage bin 49 is installed at the bottom of the lower bearing support 48, an installation plate 410 is installed at the bottom of the slag storage bin 49, and a coarse material discharging pipe 418 is installed at;
bearings 419 are respectively arranged in the upper bearing support 412 and the lower bearing support 48, the bearings 419 are respectively sleeved on the rotating shaft 45, a coupler 42 is arranged at the top end of the rotating shaft 45, a second motor 41 is arranged at the top of the coupler 42, and the rotating shaft 45 is sequentially sleeved with a power-assisted fan blade 414, a first rotary cutter 44, a second rotary cutter 46, a third rotary cutter 47 and a power-assisted air cutter 415 on the inner wall of the outer barrel 413 of the pulverizer from top to bottom;
specifically, the assisting blade 414 is installed in the inner cavity of the crusher inner cylinder 43, the length of the first rotary cutter 44 is greater than that of the second rotary cutter 46 and is greater than that of the third rotary cutter 47, the first rotary cutter 44, the second rotary cutter 46 and the third rotary cutter 47 have the same structure, the first rotary cutter 44, the second rotary cutter 46 and the third rotary cutter 47 all comprise a blade 462, a blade back 461 is arranged on one side of the blade 462, a blade head 463 is arranged at one end of the blade 462, and the blade head 463 is formed by connecting an upper blade head 464 and a lower blade head 465; an upper gate valve 416 is mounted on the lower bearing bracket 48 side, and a lower gate valve 417 is mounted on the mounting plate 410 side close to the upper gate valve 416.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the operation of the wet feed grinder of the present invention is as follows:
the second motor 41 is started, the second motor 41 drives the first rotary cutter 44, the second rotary cutter 46, the third rotary cutter 47, the boosting fan blade 414 and the boosting fan blade 415 on the rotating shaft 45 to rotate at a high speed, wet materials from the wet material conveying pipeline 2 enter the outer cylinder 413 of the conical crusher from the tangential direction at a high speed, rotate and descend along the inner wall of the outer cylinder 413 of the crusher, when the first rotary cutter 44 is cut up and thrown outwards to rotate and descend, and when the wet materials meet the second rotary cutter 46 in the descending process, the third rotary cutter 47 further cuts up the fine materials and then throws the fine materials out to rotate and descend in an accelerating way to obtain the crushed fine materials, the crushed fine materials enter the outer cylinder 413 of the crusher to move along the axial direction along the negative pressure center, the crushed fine materials are led out through the inner cylinder 43 of the crusher to be discharged out of the wet material crusher 4 from the fine material discharge pipe 411, the materials which are not crushed and ironware, stone and sand are discharged from the lower end to enter the slag storage bin 49, and the materials which are not crushed and the iron, the stone and the sand are periodically discharged 418 from the coarse material discharge pipe.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.