CN111082736A - Drive circuit for alternating current motor and household appliance - Google Patents
Drive circuit for alternating current motor and household appliance Download PDFInfo
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- CN111082736A CN111082736A CN202010070982.7A CN202010070982A CN111082736A CN 111082736 A CN111082736 A CN 111082736A CN 202010070982 A CN202010070982 A CN 202010070982A CN 111082736 A CN111082736 A CN 111082736A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/085—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation wherein the PWM mode is adapted on the running conditions of the motor, e.g. the switching frequency
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of alternating current motor control, and discloses a driving circuit for an alternating current motor and household electrical appliance equipment. The output end of the H-bridge equipment is connected with the alternating current motor, the anode of the H-bridge equipment is connected with the alternating current input end, the cathode of the H-bridge equipment is connected with the common potential end, the processor outputs PWM driving signals through the four driving equipment to drive the switching tubes of the four bridge arms of the H-bridge equipment to switch on and off states, so that the two upper bridge arms of the H-bridge equipment form a power supply loop for the alternating current motor, the two lower bridge arms of the H-bridge equipment form a discharge loop for the alternating current motor, and the alternating current motor is powered and discharged to run alternately, so that the alternating current motor is driven to run and the speed of the alternating current motor is regulated. The alternating current motor driving circuit can directly drive a common alternating current motor to run and can also carry out stepless speed regulation, and the driving circuit has a simple structure, so the alternating current motor driving circuit can save cost and reduce the design requirement of the alternating current motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of alternating current motor control, in particular to a driving circuit for an alternating current motor and household electrical appliance equipment.
Background
The existing AC motor driving circuit is generally carried out based on a tapping motor mode in order to realize speed regulation, and the speed regulation gear is very limited; or the structure of the alternating current motor with the adjustable multi-gear rotating speed is different from that of the common alternating current motor, if a rotating speed feedback port is needed to be arranged, a corresponding circuit is needed to be added, and therefore the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the cost of a motor and a drive circuit is higher when the speed regulation gear of the existing alternating current motor is limited or multiple gears are achieved, and provides the drive circuit for the alternating current motor.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a drive circuit for an alternating current motor, the drive circuit comprising:
the H-bridge device comprises first to fourth control ends, a first positive electrode, a second positive electrode, a first negative electrode, a second negative electrode, a first output end and a second output end; the first positive pole and the second positive pole are respectively connected with two input ends of an alternating current power supply, the first negative pole and the second negative pole are connected with a common potential end, and the first output end and the second output end are respectively connected with two ends of an alternating current motor;
the output ends of four of the driving devices are respectively connected with the first control end to the fourth control end;
the output end of the processor is connected with the control end of the driving device, and the processor outputs at least two paths of PWM signals to the driving device so as to drive the H-bridge device to work and control the alternating current motor to operate; when the H-bridge equipment works, alternating current input by the alternating current motor is supplied and induced electromotive force generated by a winding coil of the alternating current motor is discharged.
Optionally, the first half bridge comprises a first upper bridge arm switching tube and a first lower bridge arm switching tube, the control end of the first upper bridge arm switching tube is a first control end, the input end of the first upper bridge arm switching tube is a first positive electrode, the output end of the first upper bridge arm switching tube and the input end of the first lower bridge arm switching tube are connected to a first output end together, the control end of the first lower bridge arm switching tube is a second control end, and the output end of the first lower bridge arm switching tube is a first negative electrode;
the second half bridge comprises a second upper bridge arm switching tube and a second lower bridge arm switching tube, the control end of the second upper bridge arm switching tube is a third control end, the input end of the second upper bridge arm switching tube is a second positive electrode, the output end of the second upper bridge arm switching tube and the input end of the second lower bridge arm switching tube are connected to a second output end together, the control end of the second lower bridge arm switching tube is a fourth control end, and the output end of the second lower bridge arm switching tube is a second negative electrode;
when the first upper bridge arm switching tube and/or the second upper bridge arm switching tube are/is switched on, the positive half cycle or the negative half cycle of alternating current respectively supplies power to the alternating current motor, and when the first lower bridge arm switching tube and/or the second lower bridge arm switching tube are/is switched on, induced electromotive force generated by a winding coil of the alternating current motor is released.
Optionally, the driving device outputs PWM signals to the first control terminal and the third control terminal respectively in two half cycles of the alternating current, so that the alternating current motor is powered respectively when the first upper bridge arm switching tube and the second upper bridge arm switching tube are turned on; and when the first upper bridge arm switch tube is closed, the first lower bridge arm switch tube is conducted, and when the second upper bridge arm switch tube is closed, the second lower bridge arm switch tube is conducted to respectively discharge the induced electromotive force.
Optionally, the processor outputs four paths of PWM signals to the driving device, and the driving device outputs PWM signals or constant level signals to the second control terminal and the fourth control terminal respectively in two half cycles of the alternating current to control the first lower bridge arm switching tube and the second lower bridge arm switching tube to be turned on respectively.
Optionally, the processor outputs two paths of PWM signals with opposite phases to the driving device, so as to respectively and simultaneously drive the first upper bridge arm switching tube and the second upper bridge arm switching tube to operate and the first lower bridge arm switching tube and the second lower bridge arm switching tube to operate.
Optionally, the first control end and the third control end input effective control signals to enable the first upper bridge arm switching tube and the second upper bridge arm switching tube to be conducted, so that the alternating current motor is powered; effective control signals are input into the second control end and the fourth control end to enable the first lower bridge arm switching tube and the second lower bridge arm switching tube to be conducted, and therefore induced electromotive force generated by a coil winding of the alternating current motor is released.
Optionally, the driving circuit further comprises:
the input end of the zero-crossing detection current is connected with the input end of the alternating current power supply, and the output end of the zero-crossing detection current is connected with the processor;
the processor identifies two half cycles of the alternating current according to a zero-crossing signal output by the zero-crossing detection circuit.
Optionally, the driving circuit further comprises a power supply circuit to supply power to the processor and the four driving devices.
Optionally, the switching tube of the bridge arm is one of an MOS tube, an IGBT, or a triode.
In order to achieve the above object, a second aspect of the present invention provides a home appliance including the above drive circuit for an ac motor.
According to the driving circuit for the alternating current motor, the output end of the H bridge device is connected with the alternating current motor, the anode of the H bridge device is connected with the alternating current input end, the cathode of the H bridge device is connected with the common potential end, the processor outputs PWM driving signals through the four driving devices to drive the switching tubes of the four bridge arms of the H bridge device to switch on and off states, so that the two upper bridge arms of the H bridge device form a power supply loop for the alternating current motor, the two lower bridge arms of the H bridge device form a discharge loop for the alternating current motor, and power supply and discharge alternate operation is achieved, and therefore the alternating current motor is driven to operate and is regulated in speed. The alternating current motor driving circuit can directly drive a common alternating current motor to perform stepless speed regulation when the common alternating current motor operates, the driving circuit is simple in structure, a rotating speed feedback signal does not need to be acquired when the alternating current motor is driven to operate in the prior art, a rotating speed feedback interface is needed for the alternating current motor, and a rotating speed feedback circuit and a zero-crossing detection circuit also need to be correspondingly added for the driving motor, so that the alternating current motor driving circuit can save cost and reduce the design requirement of the alternating current motor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a simplified circuit diagram of a drive circuit for an ac motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing driving waveforms of four bridge arm switching tubes of an H bridge;
fig. 3 schematically shows another driving waveform diagram of the switching tubes of the four legs of the H-bridge;
fig. 4 to 7 show schematic diagrams of a supply loop and a bleed loop of a drive circuit corresponding to the drive waveforms of fig. 2 and 3, respectively;
FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a simplified circuit diagram of a drive circuit for an AC motor in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 schematically shows driving signal waveform diagrams for four bridge arm switching tubes of the driving circuit of FIG. 8;
fig. 10 schematically shows a drive circuit diagram of a specific ac motor.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the movement situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not be within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a driving circuit for an alternating current motor. The speed regulation control of the alternating current motor can be realized through the circuit. The alternating current motor is a common alternating current motor, namely a motor which can be driven to operate by directly loading alternating current for power supply, and specifically comprises a main winding and a starting winding, wherein the alternating current generates starting torque when supplying power to the winding so as to start the alternating current motor, and then the torque generated by the main winding drives a motor rotor to operate so as to realize the operation of the alternating current motor.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a simplified circuit diagram of a drive circuit for an ac motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the driving circuit includes:
the H-bridge device 10 comprises first to fourth control terminals, a first positive electrode, a second positive electrode, a first negative electrode, a second negative electrode, a first output terminal and a second output terminal; the first positive pole and the second positive pole are respectively connected with two input ends of an alternating current power supply, the first negative pole and the second negative pole are connected with a common potential end, and the first output end and the second output end are respectively connected with two ends of an alternating current motor;
the output ends of four of the driving devices are respectively connected with the first control end to the fourth control end;
the output end of the processor 50 is connected with the control end of the driving device, and at least two ports of the processor 50 are connected to the driving device to output at least two paths of PWM signals to the driving device so as to drive the H-bridge device to work and control the alternating current motor to operate; when the H-bridge equipment works, alternating current input by the alternating current motor is supplied and induced electromotive force generated by a winding coil of the alternating current motor is discharged.
The driving device here may be a single driving circuit, or may be multiple driving devices composed of multiple driving circuits, such as four driving devices composed of the driving device 10 to the driving device 40 shown in fig. 1, where each control terminal of the four driving devices is connected to the output terminal of the processor 50, and each output terminal of the four driving devices is connected to the first control terminal to the fourth control terminal, respectively;
in this embodiment, the basic architecture of a specific circuit of the H-bridge device 10 is the same as that of an H-bridge mentioned in the prior art, and includes a first half-bridge 11 and a second half-bridge 12 which are arranged bilaterally symmetrically, where the first half-bridge 11 includes a first upper bridge arm switching tube Q1 and a first lower bridge arm switching tube Q2, a control end of the first upper bridge arm switching tube Q1 is a first control end, an input end of the first upper bridge arm switching tube Q1 is a first positive electrode, an output end of the first upper bridge arm switching tube Q1 and an input end of the first lower bridge arm switching tube Q2 are commonly connected to a first output end, a control end of the first lower bridge arm switching tube Q2 is a second positive electrode, and an output end of the first lower bridge arm switching tube Q2 is a first negative electrode;
the second half bridge 12 comprises a second upper bridge arm switching tube Q3 and a second lower bridge arm switching tube Q4, the control end of the second upper bridge arm switching tube Q3 is a third control end, the input end of the second upper bridge arm switching tube Q3 is a second positive electrode, the output end of the second upper bridge arm switching tube Q3 is connected with the input end of the second lower bridge arm switching tube Q4, the output end of the second upper bridge arm switching tube Q3 and the input end of the second lower bridge arm switching tube Q4 are connected to a second output end together, the control end of the second lower bridge arm switching tube Q4 is a fourth control end, and the output end of the second lower bridge arm switching tube Q4 is a second negative electrode.
The common potential terminal is specifically a common ground terminal, so that the output terminals of the first lower bridge arm and the second lower bridge arm are connected to a low-voltage terminal in common, and the input terminals of the first upper bridge arm and the second upper bridge arm are connected to the L line and the N line of the input terminal of the alternating current power supply, so that the two input terminals are high-voltage terminals.
When the first upper arm switching tube Q1 and/or the second upper arm switching tube Q3 are/is switched on, the positive half cycle or the negative half cycle of the alternating current respectively supplies power to the alternating current motor, and when the first lower arm switching tube Q2 and/or the second lower arm switching tube Q4 are/is switched on, the induced electromotive force generated by a winding coil of the alternating current motor is released.
Specifically, the upper arm switch tube and the lower arm switch tube may be IGBTs (Insulated gate bipolar transistors), MOS (Metal Oxide semiconductors), triodes, or the like. The transistor is embodied as an NMOS transistor in fig. 1, and further includes a freewheeling diode connected in reverse between the drain and the source of the NMOS transistor. The first upper bridge arm switching tube is an NMOS tube Q1, the first lower bridge arm switching tube is an NMOS tube Q2, the second upper bridge arm switching tube is an NMOS tube Q3, the second lower bridge arm switching tube is an NMOS tube Q4, and the corresponding freewheeling diodes are D1-D4.
The corresponding four driving devices for driving the four NMOS transistors, since the NMOS transistor Q1 and the NMOS transistor Q3 are connected to a high voltage, and their gates are also loaded with a corresponding high voltage, the corresponding driving devices are high voltage driving circuits, specifically HVICs (high voltage gate drivers) in fig. 1, which are HVIC1 and HVIC2, respectively; the NMOS transistor Q2 and the NMOS transistor Q4 are grounded, and the gates of the NMOS transistors do not need to be loaded with corresponding high voltages, so the corresponding driving circuits are low voltage driving circuits, specifically, LVICs (low voltage gate drivers) in fig. 1 are LVIC1 and LVIC2, respectively.
Wherein the processor 50 outputs PWM signals to the four driving devices, respectively, to control the operation of the ac motor. According to the basic working principle of the H-bridge device 10, the switching states of the upper and lower bridge arm switching tubes are opposite, that is, the lower bridge arm switching tube is turned off when the upper bridge arm switching tube is turned on, and the lower bridge arm switching tube is turned on when the upper bridge arm switching tube is turned off, so that the signal states of the upper and lower bridge arm switching tubes driven by the driving signal output by the corresponding processor 50 are also opposite. And aiming at the working principle of the alternating current motor, effective signals in the output PWM signals enable alternating current to supply power to the alternating current motor through a loop formed by two upper bridge arm switching tubes or the addition of corresponding freewheeling diodes, invalid signals in the PWM signals enable at least one of the two upper bridge arm switching tubes to be closed so as to cut off the power supply loop, induced electromotive force is generated in a winding coil of the alternating current motor at the moment, and the induced electromotive force is released through the lower bridge arm switching tubes or the loop formed by the addition of the corresponding freewheeling diodes by controlling the switching tubes of the lower bridge arm switching tubes to act at the moment. Therefore, the normal operation of the alternating current motor is ensured, the length of the power supply time of the alternating current motor can be controlled by controlling the pulse width of the effective signal in the PWM signal, and the speed regulation of the alternating current motor is realized. Specifically, when at least one of the two upper bridge arm switching tubes is controlled to be conducted by the first control end and the second control end respectively, the switched tube of the upper bridge arm switching tube and the switching tube of the other upper bridge arm switching tube or the freewheeling diode corresponding to the switching tube of the other upper bridge arm switching tube form alternating current to supply power to the power supply loop of the alternating current motor, when the second and fourth control ends control at least one of the two lower bridge arm switch tubes to be conducted, the conducted lower bridge arm switch tube and the other lower bridge arm switch tube or the freewheeling diode corresponding to the other lower bridge arm switch tube are combined into a loop for discharging the induced electromotive force generated by the winding coil of the alternating current motor, therefore, the winding of the alternating current motor is discharged through power supply and the discharge cycle of the induced electromotive force generated by the winding of the alternating current motor, and the normal speed regulation operation of the alternating current motor is realized at the moment.
According to the alternating current motor driving circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention, the output end of the H bridge device 10 is connected with an alternating current motor, the positive electrode of the H bridge device 10 is connected with an alternating current input end, the negative electrode of the H bridge device 10 is connected with a common potential end, and the processor 50 outputs PWM (pulse width modulation) driving signals through the four driving devices to drive the switching tubes of the four bridge arms of the H bridge device 10 to switch the switching states, so that the two upper bridge arms of the H bridge device 10 form a power supply loop for the alternating current motor, and the two lower bridge arms of the H bridge device 10 form a discharge loop for the alternating current motor, so that the power supply and the discharge alternately run, and the alternating current motor is driven to run and be debugged. The alternating current motor driving circuit can directly drive a common alternating current motor to perform stepless speed regulation when the common alternating current motor operates, the driving circuit is simple in structure, a rotating speed feedback signal does not need to be acquired when the alternating current motor is driven to operate in the prior art, a rotating speed feedback interface is needed for the alternating current motor, and a rotating speed feedback circuit and a zero-crossing detection circuit also need to be correspondingly added for the driving motor, so that the alternating current motor driving circuit can save cost and reduce the design requirement of the alternating current motor.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the driving device outputs PWM signals to the first control terminal and the third control terminal respectively in two half cycles of the alternating current, so as to supply power to the alternating current motor respectively when the first upper arm switch Q1 and the second upper arm switch Q3 are turned on; when the first upper arm switching tube Q1 is turned off, the first lower arm switching tube Q2 is turned on, and when the second upper arm switching tube Q3 is turned off, the second lower arm switching tube Q4 is turned on to respectively discharge the induced electromotive force.
Further, the driving device respectively outputs a PWM signal or a constant level signal to the second control terminal and the fourth control terminal in two half cycles of the alternating current to control the first lower bridge arm switching tube and the second lower bridge arm switching tube to be respectively turned on.
Specifically, when the driving device outputs the PWM signals to the second control terminal and the fourth control terminal respectively in two half cycles of the alternating current, the phases of the control signals of the first control terminal and the fourth control terminal are opposite, and the phases of the control signals of the second control terminal and the third control terminal are opposite. When the first upper bridge arm switching tube controlled by the first control end is conducted, the second lower bridge arm switching tube controlled by the fourth control end is closed, at the moment, one half cycle of alternating current is supplied to the alternating current through a power supply loop formed by the first upper bridge arm switching tube and the freewheeling diode of the second upper bridge arm as the positive half cycle, and when the first upper bridge arm switching tube controlled by the first control end is closed, the second lower bridge arm switching tube controlled by the fourth control end is conducted, so that the induced electromotive force of the alternating current motor parameters is released by the power supply loop formed by the second lower bridge arm switching tube and the freewheeling diode of the first bridge arm switching tube, and the alternating operation of supplying power to the winding and releasing the induced electromotive force by the alternating current half-cycle device is realized; similarly, the phases of the control signals of the second control end and the third control end are opposite, so that the alternate operation of supplying power to the winding and inducing electromotive force is realized in the other half cycle of the alternating current, such as a negative half cycle, so that the normal speed regulation of the driving alternating current motor is realized, and the speed regulation of the alternating current motor can be further realized by controlling the pulse width of the effective level of the first control end and the second control end.
Fig. 2 schematically shows a driving waveform diagram of the switching tubes of four legs of the H-bridge. In fig. 2, it can be seen that Q1 and Q4 control the ac machine for positive half cycle devices of the ac machine for power and bleed, respectively, and Q2 and Q3 control the ac machine for positive half cycle devices of the ac machine for power and bleed, respectively.
Or when the driving device respectively outputs constant level signals to the second control end and the fourth control end in two half cycles of the alternating current, the first lower-arm switch tube Q2 and the second lower-arm switch tube Q4 are respectively in a conducting state, and the induced electromotive force is also released, so that the control of the constant level is simpler compared with the control of the first lower-arm switch tube Q2 and the second lower-arm switch tube Q4 by the sampling PWM, and fig. 3 schematically shows another driving waveform schematic diagram of the switch tubes of the four arms of the H-bridge.
Fig. 4 to 7 show schematic diagrams of a supply loop and a bleed loop of a drive circuit corresponding to the drive waveforms of fig. 2 and 3, respectively. When the first upper bridge arm switching tube Q1 is turned on, the second upper bridge arm switching tube Q3 is turned off, and the first lower bridge arm switching tube Q2 and the second lower bridge arm switching tube Q4 are turned off, the alternating current is input from the L line and passes through the first upper bridge arm switching tube Q1 and the freewheeling diode D3 corresponding to the second upper bridge arm switching tube Q3 to form a power supply loop to supply power to the alternating current motor M1, as shown in fig. 4; next, when the first upper arm switching tube Q1 and the second upper arm switching tube Q3 are turned off, the first lower arm switching tube Q2 is turned off, and the second lower arm switching tube Q4 is turned on, the induced electromotive force generated by the winding coil of the ac motor M1 is discharged through a discharge loop formed by the second lower arm switching tube Q4 and the freewheeling diode D2 corresponding to the first lower arm switching tube Q2, as shown in fig. 5, wherein the voltage polarity of the induced electromotive force makes the current direction through the winding coil the same as the current direction of the previous power supply, and the voltage polarity of the induced electromotive force makes the current direction through the winding coil the same as the current direction of the power supply; when the first upper bridge arm switching tube Q1 is turned off, the second upper bridge arm switching tube Q3 is turned on, and the first lower bridge arm switching tube Q2 and the second lower bridge arm switching tube Q4 are turned off, alternating current is input from an N line and forms a power supply loop through the second upper bridge arm switching tube Q3 and a freewheeling diode D1 corresponding to the first upper bridge arm switching tube Q1 to supply power to the alternating current motor M1, as shown in fig. 6; next, when the first upper arm switching tube Q1 and the second upper arm switching tube Q3 are turned off, the first lower arm switching tube Q2 is turned on, and the second lower arm switching tube Q4 is turned off, the induced electromotive force generated by the winding of the ac motor M1 is discharged through a discharge loop formed by the freewheeling diode D4 corresponding to the first lower arm switching tube Q2 and the second lower arm switching tube Q4, as shown in fig. 7, wherein the voltage polarity of the induced electromotive force makes the current direction of the winding coil the same as the current direction of the previous power supply. The operation of driving the alternating current motor is realized by performing the cyclic reciprocating operation.
Therefore, when the current of the alternating current is input from the L line, the first upper arm switching tube Q1 and the second lower arm switching tube Q4 are sequentially controlled to be conducted, so that the power supply and the induced electromotive force are respectively released, and the phases of the control signals of the two arm switching tubes are opposite; when the current of the alternating current is input from the N line, the second upper arm switching tube Q3 and the first lower arm switching tube Q2 are sequentially controlled to be on, so that the power supply and the induced electromotive force are respectively released, and the phases of the control signals of the two arm switching tubes are opposite.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the driving circuit further includes:
the input end of the zero-crossing detection current is connected with the input end of the alternating current power supply, and the output end of the zero-crossing detection current is connected with the processor 50;
the processor 50 determines two periods of the alternating current according to the zero-crossing signal output by the zero-crossing detection circuit, and specifically, may identify that a positive half-cycle zero-crossing point of the alternating current starts when the zero-crossing signal is a rising edge, identify that a negative half-cycle zero-crossing point of the alternating current starts when the zero-crossing signal is a falling edge, control the second upper bridge arm switching tube to be closed under the condition that the PWM control signal is output to control the first upper bridge arm switching tube to operate, and control the second lower bridge arm switching tube to be closed under the condition that the PWM control signal is output to control the first lower bridge arm switching tube to operate.
Referring to fig. 1, the zero-crossing detection circuit and the voltage polarity detection circuit are not shown in fig. 1, and they all belong to the prior art, and the specific working principle thereof is not described in detail. When the processor 50 outputs a PWM control signal through a P1 port to control the first upper arm switching tube Q1 to operate, the processor 50 controls the second upper arm switching tube Q3 to be turned off through a P3 port, so that a power supply loop is formed by the first upper arm switching tube Q1 and the freewheeling diode D3 of the second upper arm switching tube Q3 during a positive half cycle of the alternating current; when the processor 50 outputs a PWM control signal through the P4 port to control the second lower arm switching tube Q4 to operate, the processor 50 controls the first lower arm switching tube Q2 to be turned off through the P2 port, so that a bleeder circuit is formed by the second lower arm switching tube Q4 and the freewheeling diode D2 of the first lower arm switching tube Q2 during the positive half cycle of the alternating current; or when the processor 50 outputs a PWM control signal through the P3 port to control the second upper arm switching tube Q3 to operate, the processor 50 controls the first upper arm switching tube Q1 to be turned off through the P1 port, so that a power supply loop is formed by the second upper arm switching tube Q3 and the freewheeling diode D1 of the first upper arm switching tube Q1 during the negative half cycle of the alternating current; when the processor 50 outputs the PWM control signal through the P2 port to control the operation of the first lower arm switching tube Q2, the processor 50 controls the second lower arm switching tube Q4 to be turned off through the P4 port, so that a bleeder circuit is formed by the first lower arm switching tube Q2 and the freewheeling diode D4 of the second lower arm switching tube Q4 during the negative half cycle of the alternating current.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned processor outputting control signals to control the driving device through four ports, it can also be a circuit as shown in fig. 8, where the processor 50 outputs two paths of PWM signals with opposite phases to the driving device; the control signals of the first control end and the third control end are the same, and the control signals of the second control end and the fourth control end are the same. Fig. 9 schematically shows driving signal waveform diagrams for four bridge arm switching tubes of the driving circuit of fig. 8, and corresponding schematic diagrams of a supply circuit and a drain circuit are also shown in fig. 4 to 7. The difference between the MCU50 and the four-way PWM signals is that in the power supply circuit, the first upper arm switch Q1 and the second upper arm switch Q3 are turned on simultaneously, and in the bleed circuit, the first lower arm switch Q2 and the second lower arm switch Q4 are turned on simultaneously, so that a freewheeling diode is not required to participate in the circuit.
At this time, processor 50 is controlled only by two ports P1 and P2, where the port P1 controls first upper arm switch Q1 and second upper arm switch Q3 simultaneously, and the port P2 controls first lower arm switch Q2 and second lower arm switch Q4 simultaneously. The control signals output by the P1 port and the P2 port are opposite in phase.
Specifically, when the P1 port controls the first upper bridge arm switching tube Q1 and the second upper bridge arm switching tube Q3 to be conducted, no matter the positive half cycle or the negative half cycle of the alternating current supplies power to the alternating current through a loop formed by the two upper bridge arm switching tubes, a freewheeling diode is not needed, and because the freewheeling diode has a certain voltage drop when conducting, and the voltage drop is lower than that of the freewheeling diode when conducting aiming at the MOS tube, the loop voltage drop is reduced, and the alternating current motor is more favorably supplied with power; when the port P2 controls the conduction of the first lower arm switch tube Q2 and the second lower arm switch tube Q4, the induced electromotive forces of two polarities generated by the ac motor can be discharged through a loop formed by the conduction of the first lower arm switch tube Q2 and the second lower arm switch tube Q4 without using a freewheeling diode therein, because the freewheeling diode has a certain voltage drop when conducting, and the voltage drop when conducting the MOS transistor is lower than the voltage drop when conducting the freewheeling diode, the discharged ground current is larger, and the induced electromotive forces can be more rapidly discharged.
Fig. 10 schematically shows a drive circuit diagram of a specific ac motor. Referring to fig. 10, the H-bridge device mainly comprises two half-bridge integrated circuits integrated with driving devices, wherein a half-bridge integrated circuit U4 integrates a first half-bridge and corresponding driving devices HVIC1 and LVIC1, a half-bridge integrated circuit U5 integrates a second half-bridge and corresponding driving devices HVIC2 and LVIC2, diodes D11-D14 form a rectifying circuit to rectify ac power, and form a power supply circuit via a switching power supply formed by the main switching power supply integrated circuit IC1 to output 18V DC power to supply the driving devices, and perform voltage reduction via a voltage reduction circuit formed by a DC-DC voltage reduction integrated circuit U3 to output 5V voltage to supply the MCU. Wherein C1 is the starting capacitor of AC motor M1, which supplies power to the starting winding of the motor.
The embodiment of the invention also provides household electrical appliance, wherein the household electrical appliance is provided with the driving circuit for the alternating current motor, and the household electrical appliance can be one of a range hood, an air conditioner, a dish washing machine, an electric fan and the like. Through setting up this drive circuit for can carry out speed governing control to current AC motor, and need not to choose for use the AC motor of speed governing type in addition like the PG motor, control moreover is simple reliable relatively, with this cost that has reduced household electrical appliances and the reliability of promotion control.
Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by a program instructing related hardware, where the program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a (which may be a single chip, a chip, etc.) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps in the method for implementing each embodiment of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In addition, various different embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily combined with each other, and the embodiments of the present invention should be considered as disclosed in the disclosure of the embodiments of the present invention as long as the embodiments do not depart from the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A drive circuit for an ac motor, the drive circuit comprising:
the H-bridge device comprises first to fourth control ends, a first positive electrode, a second positive electrode, a first negative electrode, a second negative electrode, a first output end and a second output end; the first positive electrode and the second positive electrode are respectively connected with two input ends of an alternating current power supply, the first negative electrode and the second negative electrode are connected with a common potential end, and the first output end and the second output end are respectively connected with two ends of the alternating current motor;
the output ends of four of the driving devices are respectively connected with the first control end to the fourth control end;
the output end of the processor is connected with the control end of the driving device, and the processor outputs at least two paths of PWM signals to the driving device so as to drive the H-bridge device to work and control the alternating current motor to operate; when the H-bridge equipment works, alternating current input by the alternating current motor is supplied and induced electromotive force generated by a winding coil of the alternating current motor is discharged.
2. The drive circuit for an alternating current motor according to claim 1,
the first half bridge comprises a first upper bridge arm switching tube and a first lower bridge arm switching tube, the control end of the first upper bridge arm switching tube is a first control end, the input end of the first upper bridge arm switching tube is the first positive pole, the output end of the first upper bridge arm switching tube and the input end of the first lower bridge arm switching tube are connected to the first output end together, the control end of the first lower bridge arm switching tube is a second control end, and the output end of the first lower bridge arm switching tube is the first negative pole;
the second half bridge comprises a second upper bridge arm switching tube and a second lower bridge arm switching tube, the control end of the second upper bridge arm switching tube is a third control end, the input end of the second upper bridge arm switching tube is the second anode, the output end of the second upper bridge arm switching tube and the input end of the second lower bridge arm switching tube are connected to the second output end together, the control end of the second lower bridge arm switching tube is a fourth control end, and the output end of the second lower bridge arm switching tube is the second cathode;
when the processor controls the first upper bridge arm switching tube and/or the second upper bridge arm switching tube to be conducted, the positive half cycle or the negative half cycle of the alternating current respectively supplies power to the alternating current motor, and when the processor controls the first lower bridge arm switching tube and/or the second lower bridge arm switching tube to be conducted, the induced electromotive force generated by a winding coil of the alternating current motor is released.
3. The driving circuit for the alternating current motor according to claim 2, wherein the driving device outputs PWM signals to the first control terminal and the third control terminal respectively during two half cycles of the alternating current so as to supply power to the alternating current motor respectively when the first upper bridge arm switch tube and the second upper bridge arm switch tube are conducted; and when the first upper bridge arm switch tube is closed, the first lower bridge arm switch tube is conducted, and when the second upper bridge arm switch tube is closed, the second lower bridge arm switch tube is conducted to respectively discharge the induced electromotive force.
4. The driving circuit for an ac motor according to claim 3, wherein the driving device outputs a PWM signal or a constant level signal to the second control terminal and the fourth control terminal respectively during two half cycles of the ac power to control the first lower arm switching tube and the second lower arm switching tube to be conducted respectively.
5. The driving circuit for the alternating current motor according to claim 2, wherein the processor outputs two paths of PWM signals with opposite phases to the driving device to drive the first upper bridge arm switching tube and the second upper bridge arm switching tube and the first lower bridge arm switching tube and the second lower bridge arm switching tube to operate simultaneously, respectively.
6. The driving circuit for the alternating current motor according to claim 5, wherein effective control signals input by the first control end and the third control end enable a first upper bridge arm switching tube and a second upper bridge arm switching tube to be conducted so as to supply power to the alternating current motor; effective control signals input by the second control end and the fourth control end enable the first lower bridge arm switching tube and the second lower bridge arm switching tube to be conducted, and therefore induced electromotive force generated by a coil winding of the alternating current motor is released.
7. The drive circuit for an alternating current motor according to claim 4, characterized in that the drive circuit further comprises:
the input end of the zero-crossing detection current is connected with the input end of the alternating current power supply, and the output end of the zero-crossing detection current is connected with the processor;
the processor identifies two half cycles of the alternating current according to a zero-crossing signal output by the zero-crossing detection circuit.
8. The drive circuit for an alternating current motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive circuit further comprises a power supply circuit to power the processor and the four drive devices.
9. The driving circuit for the alternating current motor according to claim 1, wherein the switching tube of the bridge arm is one of a MOS tube, an IGBT or a triode.
10. A household appliance comprising a drive circuit for an alternating current motor according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202010070982.7A CN111082736B (en) | 2020-01-21 | 2020-01-21 | Drive circuit for alternating current motor and household appliance |
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| CN111082736B (en) | 2021-07-13 |
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