CN111060912A - Method for simulating weather radar klystron - Google Patents
Method for simulating weather radar klystron Download PDFInfo
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- CN111060912A CN111060912A CN201911366782.XA CN201911366782A CN111060912A CN 111060912 A CN111060912 A CN 111060912A CN 201911366782 A CN201911366782 A CN 201911366782A CN 111060912 A CN111060912 A CN 111060912A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
- G01S7/4008—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system of transmitters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for simulating a weather radar klystron, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that an external interface and configuration parameters of a weather radar klystron assembly are designed, and an external signal interface and parameters of the weather radar klystron assembly are determined; and determining the amplification relation between the radio frequency output signal and the radio frequency input signal of the weather radar klystron by establishing a plurality of mathematical relational expressions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar simulation, in particular to a method for simulating a weather radar klystron.
Background
The klystron is the most core component of the transmitter, passes through the focusing coil and is embedded in the oil tank, and all other components work around the klystron to provide working conditions and energy for the klystron. For example, the modulator can generate negative high-voltage pulse, and the negative high-voltage pulse is added to the cathode of the klystron to provide voltage and energy required by the operation of the klystron; in order to improve the working efficiency of the klystron and avoid the damage caused by the bombardment of excessive electrons on the tube body, therefore, a focusing coil and a magnetic field power supply are needed to lead the electrons emitted by the cathode of the klystron to be gathered into a tiny electron beam; in addition, the titanium pump power supply provides titanium pump voltage for the klystron, makes the intraductal high vacuum state that keeps. The conditions influencing the work of the klystron are various and complex, but the external conditions influencing the work of the klystron are not considered in the simulation of the klystron generally, and only the internal structure of the klystron is considered to establish a mathematical model for simulation so as to analyze whether the function and the performance of the klystron reach the standard or not. The weather radar klystron simulation method considers the actual external conditions influencing the normal work of the klystron and carries out mathematical modeling on the condition that the external conditions of the klystron influence the normal work of the klystron.
The existing computer simulation of the high-power klystron is based on particle simulation software, and the influence of the frequency of an input high-frequency field on output power, the influence of the radius of a resonant cavity, the clearance between drift tube heads and the height on the output power and the influence of key parameters on the klystron are analyzed. And then, three-dimensional modeling is carried out on the klystron by utilizing three-dimensional modeling software, and the simulation model is required to be kept consistent with the internal structure of the actual klystron during modeling, including the size of the internal structure, the used materials and the shape. And finally, performing computer simulation on the klystron, accurately simulating the physical process of the klystron in each key process, and observing the influence of electron beam backflow on the performance of the klystron, the influence of a focusing system on electron beams, the influence of the shape and number of cavity shapes of the resonant cavity on output power and other conditions.
The simulation method needs a solid theoretical basis of the klystron, is familiar with theoretical knowledge of an electron gun, a collector and a resonant cavity, and also needs certain knowledge of heat, mechanics, electromagnetic field and the like, so that the simulation requirement is high; meanwhile, the simulation period is long and the difficulty is high, and deep and careful discussion and research are needed. Thus, the following disadvantages are present:
1. the existing method for simulating the klystron only influences the internal structure of the klystron on the function and the performance of the klystron, and cannot consider the influence of external conditions on the klystron.
2. The existing klystron simulation method is complex, has high requirements on microwave and electromagnetic field theoretical knowledge, and has great design difficulty. The simulation result is generally suitable for the engineering design and performance evaluation of the klystron, is not suitable for the simulation of a weather radar system and the simulation and reproduction of the fault of the weather radar system;
3. the existing klystron simulation method has higher requirements on a software platform. And the design platform is generally complex, the modeled klystron cannot be independently formed into components, repeated calling cannot be realized, and parameters cannot be configured. No interface is provided and the entire radar system is built up with other radar components.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for simulating a weather radar klystron.
The method for simulating the weather radar klystron, provided by the embodiment of the invention, comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that an external interface and configuration parameters of a weather radar klystron assembly are designed, and an external signal interface and parameters of the weather radar klystron assembly are determined;
and determining the amplification relation between the radio frequency output signal and the radio frequency input signal of the weather radar klystron by establishing a plurality of mathematical relational expressions.
Preferably, the peripheral interface includes: an input interface and an output interface; the input interface comprises a radio frequency input interface, a filament power supply input interface, a titanium pump power supply input interface, a pulse negative high voltage input interface and a magnetic field power supply input interface; the output interface comprises a radio frequency output interface and a klystron heating power output interface; the configuration parameters include: the electron beam current guide coefficient, the klystron working efficiency, the pulse negative high voltage, the noise power, the excitation pulse input power saturation threshold, the modulation pulse negative high voltage threshold, the filament current threshold, the magnetic field power supply threshold, the life cycle, the vacuum degree and the titanium pump power supply threshold.
Preferably, the plurality of mathematical relationships comprise: the digital relationship of the radio frequency power output of the klystron in the normal working state, the digital relationship of the output power of the klystron and the excitation input radio frequency power, the digital relationship of the output efficiency of the magnetic field power supply and the klystron, the vacuum degree, the digital relationship of the titanium pump power supply and the current guide coefficient of the klystron, the digital relationship of the filament current and the current guide coefficient of the klystron, the digital relationship of the service life of the klystron and the current guide coefficient thereof, the digital relationship of the heating power of the klystron and the output efficiency thereof and the digital relationship of the radio frequency output signal of the klystron.
Preferably, before the determining the amplification relationship between the weather radar klystron radio frequency output signal and the radio frequency input signal by establishing a plurality of mathematical relations, the method further comprises:
detecting the pulse negative high voltage value of the weather radar klystron to obtain the pulse negative high voltage value;
judging whether the weather radar klystron meets working conditions or not according to a pre-stored pulse negative high voltage value threshold value and the obtained pulse negative high voltage value;
and when the weather radar klystron is judged to meet the working condition, determining the amplification relation between the radio frequency output signal and the radio frequency input signal of the weather radar klystron by establishing a plurality of mathematical relational expressions.
Preferably, the determining the amplification relationship between the weather radar klystron radio frequency output signal and the radio frequency input signal by establishing a plurality of mathematical relations comprises:
calculating the actual working efficiency of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relational expression of the output power of the klystron and the excitation input radio frequency power and the mathematical relational expression of the output efficiency of the magnetic field power supply and the klystron;
calculating the actual flow conductivity coefficient of the weather radar klystron according to the vacuum degree, the mathematical relation between the titanium pump power supply and the flow conductivity coefficient of the klystron, the mathematical relation between the filament current and the flow conductivity coefficient of the klystron and the mathematical relation between the service life of the klystron and the flow conductivity coefficient of the klystron;
calculating the output power value of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relation of the radio frequency power output of the klystron in the normal working state, the actual working efficiency and the actual flow guide coefficient;
and calculating the final output signal amplitude of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relation of the radio frequency output signal of the klystron and the output power value.
Preferably, the calculating the actual working efficiency of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relation between the output power of the klystron and the excitation input radio frequency power and the mathematical relation between the magnetic field power supply and the output efficiency of the klystron comprises:
calculating a value η of the excitation input radio frequency power influencing the default efficiency η of the klystron according to the mathematical relation between the output power of the klystron and the excitation input radio frequency power1；
Calculating a value η of the magnetic field power supply after influencing the default efficiency η of the klystron according to the mathematical relation between the magnetic field power supply and the output efficiency of the klystron2；
According to said η1And said η2Calculating the actual working efficiency η (t) η of the weather radar klystron1*η2。
Preferably, the calculating the actual current guide coefficient of the weather radar klystron according to the vacuum degree, the mathematical relation between the titanium pump power supply and the current guide coefficient of the klystron, the mathematical relation between the filament current and the current guide coefficient of the klystron, and the mathematical relation between the service life of the klystron and the current guide coefficient thereof includes:
according to the mathematical relation of the vacuum degree, the titanium pump power supply and the flow guide coefficient of the klystron, calculating the default value rho of the flow guide coefficient of the klystron, which influences the klystron when the klystron is not in vacuumeThe latter value ρe1；
According to the mathematical relation between the filament current and the current guide coefficient of the klystron, calculating the default value rho of the current guide coefficient of the filament influencing the klystroneThe latter value ρe2；
According to the mathematical relation between the service life of the klystron and the flow guide coefficient of the klystron, calculating the influence on the default value rho of the flow guide coefficient of the klystron after the working time of the klystron exceeds the service life of the klystroneThe latter value ρe3；
According to the rhoe1The rhoe2And the rhoe3And calculating the actual flow conductivity coefficient rho of the weather radar klystrone(t)＝ρe1*ρe2*ρe3。
Preferably, the calculating the output power value of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relation of the radio frequency power output of the klystron in the normal working state, the actual working efficiency and the actual flow conductivity coefficient includes:
by comparing the actual operating efficiency η (t) and the actual conductivity pe(t) substituting into the mathematical relation of the RF power output of the klystron in normal operating condition
And obtaining the output power value P of the weather radar klystron.
Preferably, the calculating the final output signal amplitude of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relation of the radio frequency output signal of the klystron and the output power value includes:
by substituting the output power value P into the mathematical relation formula according to the radio-frequency output signal of the klystron
And obtaining the final output signal amplitude of the weather radar klystron.
According to the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the main signal amplification function of the weather radar klystron is realized, and a klystron assembly capable of being flexibly called is provided for weather radar simulation and fault reproduction. The simulation method comprises two parts of klystron component appearance interface modeling and functional algorithm modeling, wherein the component appearance interface modeling determines the design of input and output interfaces and configuration parameters of the klystron; the functional algorithm model determines the amplification relation between the radio frequency output signal and the input radio frequency signal of the klystron through a mathematical relational expression, and simultaneously determines the quantitative relation of the amplification relation influenced by other external input conditions.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limitation. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for simulating a weather radar klystron according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a simulation block diagram of a weather radar klystron provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the preferred embodiments described below are only for the purpose of illustrating and explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for simulating a weather radar klystron according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including:
step S101: the method comprises the steps that an external interface and configuration parameters of a weather radar klystron assembly are designed, and an external signal interface and parameters of the weather radar klystron assembly are determined;
step S102: and determining the amplification relation between the radio frequency output signal and the radio frequency input signal of the weather radar klystron by establishing a plurality of mathematical relational expressions.
Wherein the peripheral interface comprises: an input interface and an output interface; the input interface comprises a radio frequency input interface, a filament power supply input interface, a titanium pump power supply input interface, a pulse negative high voltage input interface and a magnetic field power supply input interface; the output interface comprises a radio frequency output interface and a klystron heating power output interface; the configuration parameters include: the electron beam current guide coefficient, the klystron working efficiency, the pulse negative high voltage, the noise power, the excitation pulse input power saturation threshold, the modulation pulse negative high voltage threshold, the filament current threshold, the magnetic field power supply threshold, the life cycle, the vacuum degree and the titanium pump power supply threshold.
Wherein the plurality of mathematical relationships comprise: the radio frequency power output mathematical relation formula of the normal working state of the klystron, the output power of the klystron and the excitation input radio frequency power, the output efficiency mathematical relation formula of the magnetic field power supply and the klystron, the vacuum degree, the titanium pump power supply and the current guide coefficient mathematical relation formula of the klystron, the filament current and the current guide coefficient mathematical relation formula of the klystron, the service life of the klystron and the current guide coefficient mathematical relation formula of the klystron, the heating power of the klystron and the output efficiency mathematical relation formula of the klystron and the radio frequency output signal mathematical relation formula of the klystron.
Specifically, before the step of determining the amplification relationship between the weather radar klystron radio frequency output signal and the radio frequency input signal by establishing a plurality of mathematical relations, the method further comprises the following steps: detecting the pulse negative high voltage value of the weather radar klystron to obtain the pulse negative high voltage value; judging whether the weather radar klystron meets working conditions or not according to a pre-stored pulse negative high voltage value threshold value and the obtained pulse negative high voltage value; and when the weather radar klystron is judged to meet the working conditions, determining the amplification relation between the radio frequency output signal and the radio frequency input signal of the weather radar klystron by establishing a plurality of mathematical relational expressions.
Wherein the determining the amplification relationship between the weather radar klystron radio frequency output signal and the radio frequency input signal by establishing a plurality of mathematical relations comprises: calculating the actual working efficiency of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relational expression of the output power of the klystron and the excitation input radio frequency power and the mathematical relational expression of the output efficiency of the magnetic field power supply and the klystron; calculating the actual flow conductivity coefficient of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relation among the vacuum degree, the titanium pump power supply and the flow conductivity coefficient of the klystron, the mathematical relation among the filament current and the flow conductivity coefficient of the klystron and the mathematical relation among the service life of the klystron and the flow conductivity coefficient of the klystron; calculating an output power value of the weather radar klystron according to a mathematical relation of the radio frequency power output of the klystron in a normal working state, the actual working efficiency and the actual flow conductivity coefficient; and calculating the final output signal amplitude of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relation of the radio frequency output signal of the klystron and the output power value.
Specifically, the output power and the excitation input radio frequency work of the klystron are based onCalculating the actual working efficiency of the weather radar klystron by using a mathematical relation of the rate and a mathematical relation of the magnetic field power supply and the output efficiency of the klystron, wherein the step of calculating the value η after the default efficiency η of the klystron is influenced by the excitation input radio frequency power according to the mathematical relation of the output power of the klystron and the excitation input radio frequency power1Calculating the value η of the magnetic field power supply influencing the default efficiency η of the klystron according to the mathematical relation between the magnetic field power supply and the output efficiency of the klystron2η according to1And said η2Calculating the actual working efficiency η (t) η of the weather radar klystron1*η2。
Specifically, the calculating the actual current guide coefficient of the weather radar klystron according to the vacuum degree, the mathematical relation between the titanium pump power supply and the current guide coefficient of the klystron, the mathematical relation between the filament current and the current guide coefficient of the klystron, and the mathematical relation between the service life of the klystron and the current guide coefficient thereof includes: according to the mathematical relation of the vacuum degree, the titanium pump power supply and the flow guide coefficient of the klystron, calculating the default value rho of the flow guide coefficient of the klystron, which influences the klystron when the klystron is not in vacuumeThe latter value ρe1(ii) a According to the mathematical relation between the filament current and the current guide coefficient of the klystron, calculating the current guide coefficient default value rho of the filament current influencing the klystroneThe latter value ρe2(ii) a According to the mathematical relation between the service life of the klystron and the flow guide coefficient of the klystron, calculating the influence on the default value rho of the flow guide coefficient of the klystron after the working time of the klystron exceeds the service life of the klystroneThe latter value ρe3(ii) a According to the rhoe1The rhoe2And the pe3And calculating the actual flow conductivity coefficient rho of the weather radar klystrone(t)＝ρe1* ρe2*ρe3。
Wherein, the step of calculating the output power value of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relation of the radio frequency power output of the klystron in the normal working state, the actual working efficiency and the actual flow conductivity coefficient comprises the step of calculating the output power value of the weather radar klystron by using the actual working efficiency η (t) and the actual flow conductivity coefficient rhoe(t) substituting said klystron as normalMathematical relation of radio frequency power output of working state
And obtaining the output power value P of the weather radar klystron.
Wherein, the calculating the final output signal amplitude of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relation of the radio frequency output signal of the klystron and the output power value comprises: by substituting said output power value P into said mathematical relation based on said klystron radio frequency output signal
And obtaining the final output signal amplitude of the weather radar klystron.
The design modeling part of the klystron peripheral interface design explains a design method of component input and output interfaces and configuration parameters of the klystron, and the design of the component peripheral interface determines the external signal interface and parameters of the klystron to be respectively used in pediatrics, so that the klystron can be used as a reusable component and can be repeatedly used and flexibly configured. The klystron functional algorithm simulation part explains a mathematical modeling method between a klystron output radio frequency signal and an input radio frequency signal, and describes quantitative influence relations between filament power supplies, magnetic field power supplies, titanium pump power supplies, pulse negative high voltage, vacuum degrees and life cycle klystron working conditions on the klystron output radio frequency signal.
(1) Modeling of component peripheral interface design of weather radar klystron
The main idea of the design and modeling of the appearance interface of the weather radar klystron component is as follows: the weather radar klystron is modeled into a standard component, stored by a component library or a component model and can be repeatedly called. The built klystron component has the advantages that an input/output interface is consistent with pins of an actual weather radar klystron as much as possible, the klystron component has certain appearance and encapsulation, parameters can be configured, and the application requirements of the weather radar klystrons with different models and different wave bands can be met through parameter modification.
The klystron assembly simulation includes the following aspects:
11) klystron assembly external interface design
According to actual input and output interfaces of radar klystrons of different models, a klystron simulation component is provided with a radio frequency input, a filament power supply input, a titanium pump power supply input, a pulse negative high voltage input, a magnetic field power supply input and a radio frequency output; the klystron heating power output is optional. Each input and output should be in the form of signal stream, that is, the input and output data are all output in time-related data stream, and have a certain time sequence relation. The simulation result of the functions and the performances of the klystrons is reflected on the change of the output along with the input relation, and the specific relation is established on the simulation method of the klystrons.
12) Klystron assembly parameter design
When the klystron component is modeled, relevant parameters are made to be configurable, the change of the internal relation of the component can be realized through the modification of the parameters, and the main functions and fault simulation reproduction of the klystron components with different models and different wave bands can be realized. The configuration parameters comprise the flow guide coefficient of the electron beam, the working efficiency of the klystron, pulse negative high voltage, noise power, an excitation pulse input power saturation threshold, a modulation pulse negative high voltage threshold, a filament current threshold, a magnetic field power supply threshold and the like; wherein the life cycle, the vacuum degree and the power supply threshold of the titanium pump can be selected.
13) Klystron simulation assembly packaging design
The klystron simulation assembly can be represented by an outline packaging diagram, the packaging diagram can be represented by a square, a rectangle and the like, the left side of the diagram is a radio frequency input pin, the right side of the diagram is a radio frequency output pin and a heating power output pin, and the upper side and the lower side of the diagram are a filament power supply input, a titanium pump power supply input, a pulse negative high voltage input and a magnetic field power supply input. The middle can mark the identification number, name and picture of the klystron. The parameters and ranges of the components are configured below the package diagram.
14) Klystron simulation component management and component usage
The klystron simulation component is stored in the form of component packaging, component models and the like, serves as an independent component and is stored in a transmitter component library. When calling, directly instantiating the components from the library in a drag mode or a function call mode. And meanwhile, the device can be used for multiple times or repeatedly, and each component can be respectively configured with different parameters, so that different results are realized.
(2) Functional algorithm simulation scheme of weather radar klystron
21) Radio frequency power output algorithm for normal working state of klystron
Considering the normal working state of any type weather radar, the relation between the cathode current and the cathode voltage is as follows:
the formula of the output power of the transmitter is that P is η IU (2)
The transmitter output power available from the joint equations (1) and (2) is:
in the formula: rhoeThe conductance coefficient of electron beam, unit mup, is related to the klystron itself and can be preliminarily estimated according to the parameters of the klystron, η is the working efficiency of the klystron, generally speaking, the efficiency of the klystron is only about one third, U is the cathode voltage, the voltage is approximately equal to the product of half of the artificial line charging voltage and the transformation ratio of the pulse transformer, the main purpose of the three formulas is to roughly calculate the conductance coefficient rho of electron beam of the klystroneFor use in a simulated klystron.
22) Relationship modeling of klystron output power and excitation input radio frequency power
The nested relation modeling of the input radio frequency excitation and the beam pulse position needs to consider two conditions: 1) when the excitation pulse is completely sleeved in the beam pulse, the excitation pulse is normally output; 2) the rf pulses do not overlap between the beam (cathode) pulses, with the result that the peak transients do not change much, but the average power becomes small and the output pulse width becomes narrow.
When the radio frequency excitation pulse input into the klystron is completely nested in the beam pulse, whether the power of the input excitation signal reaches the saturation power range is considered, the power of the input excitation signal directly influences the working efficiency of the klystron, and the modeling formula is as follows:
η therein1For input excitation pulse affecting the value of the klystron after its default efficiency η, PIn(t) is the peak power of the actual input excitation pulse signal; pThIs the threshold value of the peak power of the input excitation pulse signal. (4) The idea of formula modeling is: if the power of the input excitation signal reaches the saturation power range, the output efficiency is output according to the input power proportion; if the saturated power is not reached or exceeds the saturated power, the klystron cannot work normally, and the efficiency is 0.
23) Relation modeling of magnetic field power supply and klystron output efficiency
The klystron is inserted into a focusing coil, and the electron beam is approximately positioned on the central line of the coil. The magnetic field power supply supplies a direct current to the focusing coil to generate a direct current magnetic field along the axis of the klystron, which prevents electrons from diverging and thus converging into beamlets. Therefore, the magnitude of the field current directly affects the working state of the klystron, and the relationship between the field current and the output efficiency is modeled according to the following formula:
formula (III) η2The value of the field current after affecting the klystron efficiency η, IFOCUSFocusC _ Th is a field current default threshold, which may be set. The above equation shows that the undercurrent and overcurrent thresholds are calculated as + -10% of the field current default value, andwhen the magnetic field current is over-current or under-current, the system is protected and cannot output pulse high voltage, namely, the klystron cannot work normally and does not output power.
24) Modeling of relation between vacuum degree, titanium pump power supply and klystron flow conductivity
The titanium pump power supply provides titanium pump voltage and titanium pump current for the titanium pump, only when titanium pump voltage reaches the threshold value, can guarantee that the klystron inside is keeping the vacuum state completely. The idea of modeling the titanium pump power supply is as follows: if the voltage of the titanium pump reaches the required threshold value, the titanium pump power supply is indicated to be capable of pumping out air in the klystron in time; if the titanium pump voltage does not reach the required threshold value, the inside of the klystron is not in a vacuum state, and the electronic conversion efficiency of the klystron is influenced. It is modeled according to equation (6):
where rhoe1Influencing a klystron flow guide coefficient default value rho when the klystron is not in vacuumeThe latter value; vaculfactor is the vacuum degree of the klystron, and the complete vacuum is 1; vTitaThe titanium pump voltage is actually provided for the klystron by the titanium pump power supply; TitaV _ Th is the voltage threshold of the titanium pump required by the klystron to work normally.
25) Modeling of relation between filament current and klystron current guide coefficient
The idea of modeling the filament current is: the magnitude of the filament current influences the current guide coefficient of the klystron, and the influence relation between the output power of the klystron and the current input of the filament power supply is established through the current guide coefficient. Namely, the filament power supply current is in a certain range, the klystron can work normally, and when the condition is not met, the klystron can not work normally; the filament power supply current threshold value is designed into a parameter FocusC _ Th, the parameter can be set, and parameters of different wave bands can be different. Modeling the relationship between the filament current and the current conductivity according to the following formula:
in the formula, ρe2Klystron current conductivity coefficient default rho for influence of filament currenteValue of latter, IFILAIs the filament current and FocusC _ Th is the filament current default threshold.
26) Modeling relation between service life of klystron and flow conductivity coefficient of klystron
The operating life of the klystron is generally 10000 hours, and the performance of the klystron is reduced as the operating life of the klystron exceeds a life value. The working life is described as a parameter LifePeriodTH at design time. Modeling the relationship between the working time of the klystron and the output efficiency according to the following formula:
in the formula, ρe3The default value rho of the diversion coefficient of the klystron is influenced after the operating time of the klystron exceeds the service life of the klystroneThe latter value, lifeperiod, is the maximum lifetime of the klystron. Namely, the service life of the klystron is within the set parameter LifePeriodTH, and the diversion coefficient rho of the klystroneThe output of the speed adjusting pipe is not affected; otherwise, the output signal will be influenced by aging of the klystron, and the influence is caused by the diversion coefficient rhoeTo describe.
27) Relationship modeling of klystron heating power and output efficiency thereof
The negative high voltage pulse applied to the cathode of the klystron does not completely convert the energy supplied to the klystron into the high frequency output energy of the transmitter, but rather the energy is converted at the value of the operating efficiency η of the klystron, and the remaining energy is consumed at the collecting stage and body of the klystron, causing it to heat up.
In the formula, PhotPulse width with tau as cathode voltage for regulating heating power of tubeDegree, rhoeThe current guide coefficient of the klystron, U is cathode voltage, and T is pulse repetition period.
28) Klystron radio frequency output signal relation
The final output of the klystron is output in a radio frequency output signal stream mode, the signal amplitude is calculated and output by using a power formula, meanwhile, the noise of the klystron is introduced into the signal amplitude, and the noise characteristic is Gaussian additive noise.
Wherein R is the output resistance of the klystron, Nnoise is the noise of the klystron, the noise is obtained by inverse calculation of Gaussian noise power spectrum, the power spectral density of the Gaussian noise power spectrum is a design parameter, and the noise power is determined by the noise power spectral value.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples
(1) Klystron assembly profile interface modeling implementation
The purpose of the part is to determine input and output interface signals and configuration parameters of the weather radar klystron. The external construction framework of the signal interface and the parameter interface of the weather radar klystron is determined through the part, and the external construction framework is an appearance structure model which is repeatedly used by a klystron component under different future conditions. An example of an implementation of component profile interface modeling for a model S-band weather radar is given below.
31) According to 11) in the technical scheme (1), the design of the appearance interface of the assembly is carried out on the relation between the input interface and the output interface of the weather radar klystron, and the appearance interface design of the following klystron is designed. As shown in fig. 2 below.
Wherein RF _ IN is the klystron radio frequency input, Falic is the filament power input, TitaV is the titanium pump power input, FocusC is the magnetic field power input, ModV is the pulse negative high voltage input, RF _ OUT is the klystron radio frequency output, and Phot is the heating power output.
32) According to 12) in the technical means (1), the configuration parameters of the klystron are designed. If power IN _ Th is the RF _ IN threshold, ModV _ Th is the ModV threshold, TitaV _ Th is the TitaV threshold, FilaC _ Th is the FilaC threshold, and FocusC _ Th is the FocusC threshold. Ele _ efficiency is the default electron efficiency of the klystron, Perveance is the electron beam current guide coefficient, LifePeriod is the lifetime of the klystron, Vaculefactor is the vacuum degree of the klystron (1 represents complete vacuum).
33) According to 13) in the technical scheme (1), the packaging of the klystron assembly is designed to obtain the packaged klystron assembly.
(2) Weather radar klystron function algorithm simulation implementation
The part mainly realizes the signal amplification relation between the radio frequency signal output by the klystron and the radio frequency signal defined in the step (1). The amplification relationship is influenced by various conditions such as filament power input, titanium pump power input, pulse negative high voltage input, magnetic field power input, titanium pump power input, life cycle, vacuum degree and the like. The influence of the influence conditions on the output signals is quantitatively calculated through mathematical modeling formulas (1) to (10) in the technical scheme.
41) The general weather radar klystron provides parameters such as working efficiency, pulse negative high voltage and output power of normal output of the klystron in factory parameters, and based on the parameters, the diversion coefficient rho of the electronic beam of the klystron is calculated according to 21) explanation in the technical scheme (2)e. If the radar klystron outputs pulse power in a certain weather in the S wave band: p is more than or equal to 650 kW; electron beam voltage (pulsed negative high voltage): 60 kV; klystron work efficiency: substituting more than or equal to 30% into formula (3) to calculate rhoe＝2.457μp。
42) Because the wave bands are different, the manufacturers are different, and the parameters of the klystron which leaves the factory are also different. In this embodiment, the klystron module configuration parameters and the klystron module configuration are configured according to the klystron parameters of a certain model S-band weather radar. These configuration parameters will be used in steps 43) -47). Wherein the excitation pulse input power saturation threshold, the modulation pulse negative high voltage threshold, the filament current threshold, the magnetic field power supply threshold and the titanium pump power supply threshold are the conditions for normal work of the klystron, and factory parameters of the klystron can be provided; the life cycle and the vacuum degree are empirical values, the life cycle is generally more than 5000 hours, the actual life cycle of the existing klystron can reach more than 10000 hours, the vacuum degree is percentage of air, the klystron can be designed according to self-condition, and the vacuum degree is generally designed to be 100%.
43) Detecting whether the pulse negative high voltage (electron beam voltage) reaches a threshold ModV _ Th, if so, processing the following steps, otherwise, indicating that the pulse negative high voltage output to the klystron by the transmitter pulse modulator does not reach the klystron requirement, the klystron does not meet the working condition, and the output is noise.
44) The working efficiency η of the klystron during normal operation is factory rated parameter, in the mathematical modeling of the klystron, the actual efficiency is also influenced by the magnetic field power supply and the input power, 22) and 23) in the technical scheme (2) are used for respectively calculating the working efficiency η under two conditions1And η2Then the actual working efficiency η (t) of the klystron is calculated to be η1*η2。
45) Diversion coefficient rho of klystron electron beam in normal workeIs the parameter calculated according to step 2. But when the external conditions do not meet the working conditions of the klystron, the actual diversion coefficient rho of the model of the klystroneBut also by parameters such as filament power supply, life cycle, vacuum level, etc. Working efficiency rho under two conditions is calculated according to 24), 25) and 26) in the technical scheme (2) respectivelye1、ρe2And ρe3Then calculating the actual flow conductivity coefficient rho of the klystrone(t)＝ρe1*ρe2*ρe3。
46) η (t) calculated in step 4 and rho calculated in step 5 are compared according to the pulse negative high voltage input by the pulse transformereAnd (t) is substituted into the formula (3) of 21) in the technical scheme (2), and the output power value P of the klystron is calculated.
47) Calculating the final output signal amplitude U of the klystron according to the formula (10) of 28) in the technical scheme (2)0。
48) Through the processes from the step 43) to the step 47), the relationship modeling between the output radio frequency signal and the input radio frequency signal of the klystron is completed under the influence conditions of filament power supply input, titanium pump power supply input, pulse negative high voltage input, magnetic field power supply input, titanium pump power supply input, life cycle, vacuum degree and the like, and the radio frequency signal output of the klystron is realized under the condition that the working condition is met or not met. Namely, it is
49) Repeating the processes of the step 43) and the step 47), the signal output of the klystron can be realized at different time stages along with radio frequency input signals, filament power input, titanium pump power input, pulse negative high voltage input, magnetic field power input, titanium pump power input, life cycle, vacuum degree and other different conditions. And finally, the main functions of the medium-speed adjusting pipe in the weather radar system are realized: namely, the input radio frequency signal is amplified under the condition of meeting the requirement.
According to the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the following advantages are achieved:
1) the main functions and the performance of the radar klystrons of various types can be simulated by flexibly adjusting the configuration parameters, the external condition parameters corresponding to the model klystrons can be changed, but the modeling idea and the mathematical model calculation influencing the klystrons are unchanged.
2) Is relatively simple, but can perform some of the primary functions and capabilities of the klystron. The simulated klystron is not suitable for engineering design of the klystron, but is particularly suitable for the fields of function simulation, fault simulation, guarantee training and the like of a weather radar.
3) The mathematical modeling relation is simple and clear, the operation speed is high, the requirements on an operation platform and operation resources are low, and the method can be suitable for various general language platforms such as MATLAB, C +, Phython and the like.
4) Through component type building, storage management and dragging type calling, the method is simple to use, flexible in configuration and reusable.
Although the present invention has been described in detail hereinabove, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the principle of the present invention. Thus, modifications made in accordance with the principles of the present invention should be understood to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for simulating a weather radar klystron is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that an external interface and configuration parameters of a weather radar klystron assembly are designed, and an external signal interface and parameters of the weather radar klystron assembly are determined;
and determining the amplification relation between the radio frequency output signal and the radio frequency input signal of the weather radar klystron by establishing a plurality of mathematical relational expressions.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the peripheral interface comprises: an input interface and an output interface; the input interface comprises a radio frequency input interface, a filament power supply input interface, a titanium pump power supply input interface, a pulse negative high voltage input interface and a magnetic field power supply input interface; the output interface comprises a radio frequency output interface and a klystron heating power output interface; the configuration parameters include: the electron beam current guide coefficient, the klystron working efficiency, the pulse negative high voltage, the noise power, the excitation pulse input power saturation threshold, the modulation pulse negative high voltage threshold, the filament current threshold, the magnetic field power supply threshold, the life cycle, the vacuum degree and the titanium pump power supply threshold.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of mathematical relationships comprise: the radio frequency power output mathematical relation formula of the normal working state of the klystron, the output power of the klystron and the excitation input radio frequency power, the output efficiency mathematical relation formula of the magnetic field power supply and the klystron, the vacuum degree, the titanium pump power supply and the current guide coefficient of the klystron, the filament current and the current guide coefficient mathematical relation formula of the klystron, the service life of the klystron and the current guide coefficient mathematical relation formula of the klystron, the heating power of the klystron and the output efficiency mathematical relation formula of the klystron and the radio frequency output signal mathematical relation formula of the klystron.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein prior to determining the amplification relationship between the weather radar klystron radio frequency output signal and the radio frequency input signal by establishing a plurality of mathematical relationships, further comprising:
detecting the pulse negative high voltage value of the weather radar klystron to obtain the pulse negative high voltage value;
judging whether the weather radar klystron meets working conditions or not according to a pre-stored pulse negative high voltage value threshold value and the obtained pulse negative high voltage value;
and when the weather radar klystron is judged to meet the working condition, determining the amplification relation between the radio frequency output signal and the radio frequency input signal of the weather radar klystron by establishing a plurality of mathematical relational expressions.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the amplification relationship between the weather radar klystron radio frequency output signal and the radio frequency input signal by establishing a plurality of mathematical relationships comprises:
calculating the actual working efficiency of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relational expression of the output power of the klystron and the excitation input radio frequency power and the mathematical relational expression of the output efficiency of the magnetic field power supply and the klystron;
calculating the actual flow conductivity coefficient of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relation among the vacuum degree, the titanium pump power supply and the flow conductivity coefficient of the klystron, the mathematical relation among the filament current and the flow conductivity coefficient of the klystron and the mathematical relation among the service life of the klystron and the flow conductivity coefficient of the klystron;
calculating the output power value of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relation of the radio frequency power output of the klystron in the normal working state, the actual working efficiency and the actual flow guide coefficient;
and calculating the final output signal amplitude of the weather radar klystron according to the mathematical relation of the radio frequency output signal of the klystron and the output power value.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein calculating the actual operating efficiency of the weather radar klystron from the mathematical relationship of the klystron output power to the excitation input radio frequency power and the mathematical relationship of the magnetic field power supply to the klystron output efficiency comprises:
calculating a value η of the excitation input radio frequency power influencing the default efficiency η of the klystron according to the mathematical relation between the output power of the klystron and the excitation input radio frequency power1；
Calculating a value η of the magnetic field power supply after influencing the default efficiency η of the klystron according to the mathematical relation between the magnetic field power supply and the output efficiency of the klystron2；
According to said η1And said η2Calculating the actual working efficiency η (t) η of the weather radar klystron1*η2。
7. The method of claim 5, wherein calculating the actual current guide coefficient of the weather radar klystron from the vacuum, the mathematical relationship between the titanium pump power supply and the klystron current guide coefficient, the mathematical relationship between the filament current and the klystron current guide coefficient, and the mathematical relationship between the klystron life and its current guide coefficient comprises:
according to the mathematical relation of the vacuum degree, the titanium pump power supply and the flow guide coefficient of the klystron, calculating the default value rho of the flow guide coefficient of the klystron, which influences the klystron when the klystron is not in vacuumeThe latter value ρe1；
According to the mathematical relation between the filament current and the current guide coefficient of the klystron, calculating the default value rho of the current guide coefficient of the klystron influenced by the filament currenteThe latter value ρe2；
According to the mathematical relation between the service life of the klystron and the flow conductivity coefficient of the klystron, calculating the influence on the default value rho of the flow conductivity coefficient of the klystron after the working time of the klystron exceeds the service life of the klystroneThe latter value ρe3；
According to the rhoe1The rhoe2And the rhoe3And calculating the actual flow conductivity coefficient rho of the weather radar klystrone(t)＝ρe1*ρe2*ρe3。
8. The method of claims 6 and 7, wherein calculating the output power value of the weather radar klystron based on the mathematical relationship of the RF power output for the normal operating state of the klystron, the actual operating efficiency, and the actual conductance comprises:
by comparing the actual operating efficiency η (t) and the actual conductivity pe(t) substituting into the mathematical relation of the RF power output of the klystron in normal operating condition
And obtaining the output power value P of the weather radar klystron.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein calculating a final output signal amplitude of the weather radar klystron based on the mathematical relationship for the klystron radio frequency output signal and the output power value comprises:
by substituting the output power value P into the mathematical relation formula according to the radio-frequency output signal of the klystron
And obtaining the final output signal amplitude of the weather radar klystron.
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