Anti-overturning ultrahigh pressure-resistant high-speed axial plunger pump/motor cylinder
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fluid transmission and control, in particular to an anti-overturning ultrahigh pressure-resistant high-speed axial plunger pump/motor cylinder body.
Background
The swash plate type hydraulic axial plunger pump/motor is a core power and rotary motion execution basic component of a hydraulic driving system of large equipment in national infrastructure and national defense construction, is a direct embodiment for measuring the manufacturing development level and the technological strength of a national hydraulic component, however, the key basic component required by domestic high-end equipment is seriously dependent on import, and the core competitiveness and the national defense safety of host equipment are influenced. From the competitive situation and development trend of the driving and transmission technology, hydraulic transmission faces double challenges, and on one hand, the rapidly developed electric transmission technology gradually replaces hydraulic transmission in the application field of environmental protection, high efficiency and precise light load; on the other hand, the host equipment faces the pressure of strict energy-saving emission-reduction regulations and policies, hydraulic transmission is urgently required to overcome the defects of low efficiency, high noise and the like, and the advantage of high power density of the host equipment is continuously enhanced.
Increasing the rated pressure rating is the best solution to reduce energy consumption and increase the power to weight ratio. At the same power, high pressure can reduce load flow, meaning that hydraulic components and systems will be reduced in volume and weight, saving materials and manufacturing costs. In addition, the small flow rate not only reduces the pressure loss and improves the transmission efficiency, but also reduces the usage amount of petroleum-based transmission media and the environmental-friendly treatment cost. The 35MPa pressure grade system governs the hydraulic industry for more than 30 years, and has not been broken through all the time, and foreign academia and industry continuously study the rated pressure grade of the next generation of hydraulic elements in recent years, and the signs show that the development of the hydraulic elements with higher rated pressure grade is a necessary trend. The high rated pressure faces a series of difficult problems of increased cylinder overturning moment, increased internal leakage of a friction pair coupling part gap, increased PV value of a friction pair, aggravated vibration noise and the like, and brings a serious challenge to the design and manufacture of hydraulic elements, but also brings an opportunity to the domestic hydraulic industry, so the high pressure is a necessary way for independent innovation and sustainable development of domestic enterprises.
The high rated pressure induces the deflection of the main transmission shaft to increase, the cylinder body to overturn to aggravate, and the normal work of the cylinder body/valve plate friction pair and the cylinder body/plunger friction pair is damaged, so that the internal leakage of the clearance between the cylinder body/valve plate and the cylinder body/plunger friction pair is increased, the friction pair is induced to generate eccentric wear until the wear failure, and the method is one of the key technical problems to be solved by the ultrahigh-pressure high-speed axial plunger pump/motor. The cylinder body structure of the ultrahigh pressure plunger pump/motor at home and abroad is researched and researched, and mainly comprises two schemes, wherein one scheme is that the traditional axial plunger pump/motor disc flow distribution is changed into a valve flow distribution type, the cylinder body adopts a fixed static structure instead of a structure that the cylinder body rotates along with a main transmission shaft like the traditional axial plunger pump/motor, and the other scheme is that a bearing support type is adopted on the outer ring of the cylinder body, so that the radial displacement of the cylinder body is forcibly limited. By combining two schemes, the rated flow and variable control performance of the axial plunger pump/motor in the first valve flow distribution scheme is greatly restricted by the performance of the flow distribution valve, the diameter of a cylinder body is often larger when the displacement of the axial plunger pump/motor is larger in the second scheme, a bearing arranged on the outer ring of the cylinder body needs to bear a larger PV value, the radial size of the axial plunger pump/motor is increased, and the rated working pressure and the rotating speed of the axial plunger pump/motor are restricted by the design and the performance of the outer ring bearing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art and provides an anti-overturning ultrahigh pressure-resistant high-speed axial plunger pump/motor cylinder body.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the cylinder body main body, the front overhang shaft, the back overhang shaft and the back overhang shaft form a complete cylinder body with an integrated structure, a front bearing and a back bearing are respectively arranged on the front overhang shaft and the back overhang shaft, an axial through hole is formed in the center of the cylinder body, an internal spline is arranged at the position of the cylinder body main body on the through hole, a plurality of cylinder holes and a plurality of spring holes are formed in the front of the cylinder body main body, a plurality of suction and discharge oil grooves are formed in the back of the cylinder body main body and are respectively communicated with the cylinder holes, a spring is arranged in each spring hole, and a plunger sliding shoe assembly is arranged in each cylinder body. The cylinder body is supported, fixed and limited by a front bearing and a rear bearing, and the main transmission shaft is connected with the cylinder body through an internal spline and drives the cylinder body to rotate.
The front outer extending shaft is divided into a first section of the front outer extending shaft, a second section of the front outer extending shaft and a third section of the front outer extending shaft, the first section of the front outer extending shaft is connected with the cylinder body, the second section of the front outer extending shaft is connected with the first section of the front outer extending shaft, the third section of the front outer extending shaft is connected with the second section of the front outer extending shaft, and the front bearing is installed on the third section of the front outer extending shaft. The front overhung shaft consists of a first section of the front overhung shaft, a second section of the front overhung shaft and a third section of the front overhung shaft, the three sections of the overhung shafts are respectively assembled with other parts of the pump/motor, and the shaft diameters of the three sections of the overhung shafts are gradually reduced according to the sizes of the other parts of the pump/motor matched with the three sections of the front overhung shafts, so that the front overhung shafts and the other parts of the pump/motor can be precisely assembled: the third section of the front overhang shaft is used for mounting a bearing to realize the precise assembly with the bearing; the front outrigger shaft first section and the front outrigger shaft second section are used for mounting assembly with the ball joint parts in the pump/motor.
The shaft diameters of the third section of the front overhang shaft and the rear overhang shaft are optimized to be the minimum shaft diameter. The minimum shaft diameter is different according to different displacement specifications of the axial plunger pump/motor, the defect that the shaft in the existing scheme bears the excessive limit of the sizes of the axial plunger pump/motor cylinder bodies with different displacement specifications is overcome, the design freedom of the third section of the front overhang shaft and the rear overhang shaft matched with the bearing in the axial plunger pump/motor cylinder body is greatly widened, the minimization and the optimal design of the shaft diameter of the support shaft of the axial plunger pump/motor cylinder bodies with different displacement specifications can be realized, the design and manufacturing difficulty of the bearing matched with the axial plunger pump/motor cylinder body is greatly reduced, and the displacement, pressure and rotating speed grades of the axial plunger pump/motor are improved.
The oil suction and discharge groove is waist-shaped.
The number of the cylinder holes, the oil suction and discharge grooves and the spring holes is 5-12, and the number of the cylinder holes, the oil suction and discharge grooves and the spring holes is equal.
The cylinder holes can be embedded with copper sleeves or without copper sleeves.
The front bearing and the rear bearing are both sliding bearings or rolling bearings.
The plunger piston shoe assembly comprises a piston shoe and a plunger, the piston shoe is hinged with the plunger through a spherical hinge pair, and the plunger is installed in a cylinder hole through clearance fit.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention adopts the scheme of cylinder body extension shaft outer bearing composite supporting structure, two sides of a cylinder body main body are respectively extended with an extension shaft structure with smaller shaft diameter scale, the front and rear bearings are respectively arranged at the extension shaft structure parts at the two ends of the cylinder body for supporting, thereby realizing the optimized reduction of the relative rotation linear speed and PV value between the outer surface of the cylinder body and the contact surfaces of the front and rear bearings, reducing the design technical difficulty of the front and rear bearings, improving the expected service life and reliability of the bearings, the main transmission shaft is connected with the cylinder body through an internal spline, and the main transmission shaft can only transmit torque through the supporting and fixing limiting action of the front and rear bearings on the cylinder body, greatly reducing the deflection of the main transmission shaft and the overturn of the cylinder body, ensuring the ideal matching sealing clearance of the cylinder body/valve plate friction pair and the cylinder body/plunger friction pair, and solving the problems that the cylinder body is easy to overturn under the high-speed ultrahigh-pressure working condition and the deflection of the transmission shaft greatly And the problems of normal working performance such as sealing, bearing, lubricating and the like of a cylinder/plunger friction pair.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the front face of the cylinder and the front extension shaft.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the bottom surface of the cylinder and the rear outrigger shaft.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the cylinder bore without the copper jacket.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the cylinder block with the copper jacket in the cylinder bore.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the anti-overturning, ultrahigh pressure resistant and high speed resistant swash plate type hydraulic axial plunger pump/motor cylinder comprises a front bearing 1, an extension shaft third section 2, an extension shaft second section 3, an extension shaft first section 4, a spring hole 5, a spring 6, a cylinder body 7, a rear bearing 8, a rear extension shaft 9, an internal spline 10, an oil suction and discharge waist-shaped groove 11, a cylinder hole 12, a plunger 13, a sliding shoe 14, a front extension shaft 15 and a copper sleeve 16. The front surface of the cylinder body 7 is provided with 9 cylinder holes 12 and 9 spring holes 5, each spring hole is internally provided with a spring 6, the bottom surface of the cylinder body 7 is provided with 9 oil suction and discharge waist-shaped grooves 11, the 9 oil suction and discharge waist-shaped grooves 11 are communicated with the 9 cylinder holes 12, the front overhung shaft 15 extends out from the front surface of the cylinder body 7, the front overhung shaft consists of a front overhung shaft first section 4, a front overhung shaft second section 3 and a front overhung shaft third section 2, the front overhung shaft first section 4 is connected with the cylinder body 7, the front overhung shaft second section 3 is connected with the front overhung shaft first section 4, the front overhung shaft third section 2 is connected with the front overhung shaft second section 3, the front overhung shaft third section 2 can be used for installing the front bearing 1, the rear overhung shaft 9 extends out from the bottom surface of the cylinder body 7, the rear overhung shaft 9 is used for installing the rear bearing 8, the shaft third section 2 and the rear overhung shaft 9 have shaft diameters which are allowed to be optimally designed to be, the linear velocity on the contact surface of the cylinder body and the bearing is the minimum, the PV value is the minimum, the front overhang shaft 15, the cylinder body main body 7 and the rear overhang shaft 9 are of a complete integrated structure and jointly form the cylinder body, a through hole is formed in the middle of the cylinder body, an internal spline 10 is formed in the through hole, a main transmission shaft is connected with the cylinder body through the internal spline 10 and drives the cylinder body to rotate, and the cylinder body is supported by the front bearing 1 and the rear bearing 8 and is fixedly and limitedly mounted on the shell.
The copper bush 16 is embedded in the cylinder hole 12, and the cylinder hole 12 may be embedded with the copper bush 16 or without the copper bush 16.
The front bearing 1 and the rear bearing 8 are both sliding bearings.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, the cylinder body is integrally composed of a cylinder body main body 7, a front overhang shaft 15 and an overhang shaft 9, the front bearing 1 is installed on a third section 2 of the front overhang shaft 15, a rear bearing 8 is installed on the rear overhang shaft 9, the cylinder body is supported and fixedly limited on the shell through the front bearing 1 and the rear bearing 8, the shaft diameters of the third section 2 of the front overhang shaft and the rear overhang shaft 9 are allowed to be optimally designed to be minimum, so that the linear velocity on a contact surface with the bearing is minimum, the PV value is minimum, a piston shoe 14 is hinged with a piston 13 through a spherical hinge pair form to form a piston shoe assembly, the piston 13 is installed in a cylinder hole 12 through clearance fit, under the support of the front bearing 1 and the rear bearing 8, the main transmission shaft drives the cylinder body to rotate through an internal spline 10, and the rotating cylinder body main body 7 drives the piston 13 and the piston shoe 14 to.
The front overhung shaft consists of a first section 4 of the front overhung shaft, a second section 3 of the front overhung shaft and a third section 2 of the front overhung shaft, the shaft diameters of the three sections of the overhung shaft are gradually reduced, and the precision installation and assembly of the front overhung shaft and other parts of a pump/motor are realized: the third section 2 of the front overhang shaft is used for mounting a bearing to realize the precise assembly with the bearing; the front outrigger first section 4 and the front outrigger second section 3 are used for mounting assembly with ball-and-socket joint parts in the pump/motor.
The cylinder body 7 is provided with a spring hole 5 for installing a spring 6, and the oil absorption return stroke movement of the pump/motor plunger piston shoe assembly and the pre-sealing of the shoe pair and the flow distribution pair are realized through the spring force generated by pre-compression of the spring 6. The plunger piston shoe assembly is formed by hinging a plunger 13 and a piston shoe 14 through a spherical hinge pair, and generates periodic reciprocating motion in a cylinder hole 12 on the cylinder body 7 under the action of precompression force generated by a spring 6 and the pushing action of a swash plate of the pump/motor, so that the oil suction and discharge functions of the pump/motor are realized, and the oil suction and discharge flow is pumped into and pressed out of the cylinder hole 12 from a suction and discharge oil waist-shaped groove 11 formed in the bottom of the cylinder body 7.
According to the cylinder body structure scheme, the shaft diameters of the third section 2 of the front overhang shaft and the third section 9 of the rear overhang shaft are allowed to be optimally designed to be minimum, so that the relative rotation linear velocity and the PV value between the outer surface of the cylinder body and the contact surfaces of the front bearing 1 and the rear bearing 8 can be reduced to the maximum extent, the problem of large bearing design technical difficulty caused by overlarge outer diameter of the cylinder body in the existing cylinder body bearing supporting scheme is solved, the expected service life and the reliability of a bearing are improved, the main transmission shaft and the cylinder body are connected through the internal spline 10, the main transmission shaft only needs to transmit torque through the fixed limiting effect of the front bearing 1 and the rear bearing 8 on the cylinder body, the deflection of the main transmission shaft and the overturning of the cylinder body are greatly reduced, the ideal matching sealing gap of the cylinder body/valve plate friction pair and the cylinder body/plunger friction pair is ensured, and the problem that the cylinder body is easy to overturn under the high-speed ultrahigh-pressure working condition and the normal working performance of the cylinder body/plunger friction pair such as sealing, bearing, lubricating and the like.
The embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of implementations of the inventive concept and the scope of the present invention should not be considered limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments but encompasses equivalent technical means as would be appreciated by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.