CN111040936B - Small-scale non-mixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device and fermentation method - Google Patents
Small-scale non-mixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device and fermentation method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000696 methanogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- HLLSOEKIMZEGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dibutylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 HLLSOEKIMZEGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/16—Solid state fermenters, e.g. for koji production
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- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/34—Internal compartments or partitions
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- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/38—Caps; Covers; Plugs; Pouring means
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- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/48—Holding appliances; Racks; Supports
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- C12M25/00—Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
- C12M25/02—Membranes; Filters
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- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/14—Rotation or movement of the cells support, e.g. rotated hollow fibers
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种小规模非混合接种连续固体厌氧发酵装置及发酵方法，套筒侧壁径向对称安装一对铰座，铰座内同轴密封铰装铰柄，铰柄一端延伸至套筒内，在套筒内中部水平间隔安装发酵菌饼盘，发酵菌饼盘两侧水平铰装转柄，转柄同轴与延伸至套筒内的转柄固装，当转动铰柄时，转柄随着铰柄一起同轴转动，在发酵菌饼盘中部均布通孔，通孔内放置甲烷菌菌粉，发酵菌饼盘的两侧密封密封膜，密封膜可被分阶段开启，露出通孔。本申请针对现有固体发酵中存在的迟滞期长、有机酸化积累、效率低等问题，改变接种方式，通过逐步加入接种物的方式，使甲烷菌在特定区域内处于绝对优势，充分发挥甲烷菌作用，避免有机酸积累和酸抑制，从而提高产气效率。
The present invention relates to a small-scale non-mixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device and fermentation method. A pair of hinge seats are radially symmetrically installed on the side wall of a sleeve. A hinge handle is coaxially sealed and hinged inside the hinge seat. One end of the hinge handle extends into the sleeve. A fermentation cake plate is installed horizontally at intervals in the middle of the sleeve. Turning handles are horizontally hinged on both sides of the fermentation cake plate. The turning handles are coaxially fixed with the turning handles extending into the sleeve. When the hinge handles are rotated, the turning handles rotate coaxially with the hinge handles. Through holes are evenly distributed in the middle of the fermentation cake plate. Methanogen powder is placed in the through holes. Sealing films are sealed on both sides of the fermentation cake plate. The sealing films can be opened in stages to expose the through holes. The present application aims to solve the problems of long hysteresis period, organic acid accumulation, low efficiency, etc. in existing solid fermentation. The inoculation method is changed. By gradually adding inoculants, the methanogens are absolutely dominant in a specific area, and the methanogens are fully exerted to avoid organic acid accumulation and acid inhibition, thereby improving the gas production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fermentation devices, and mainly relates to a small-scale unmixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device.
Background
China is the country with the largest organic waste production. The discharge amount of the livestock manure is about 38 hundred million tons each year, the crop straw yield reaches 8.0 hundred million tons, but the innocent treatment and the resource utilization rate are extremely low, more than about 90.0 percent of the livestock manure is directly discharged to the surrounding environment without treatment, and 55.0 percent of the straw is directly burnt or randomly discarded, so that the resource is used as a pollution source. Anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas is an effective way for treating and recycling the agricultural organic waste.
In the aspect of fermentation technology, in the treatment of crop straws, livestock and poultry manure, organic household garbage and other solid wastes, the composting and wet anaerobic fermentation are most widely applied, but the composting period is long and the occupied area is large. The wet anaerobic fermentation has the problems of serious water resource waste, large biogas slurry production amount, easy secondary pollution and the like. The solid anaerobic fermentation device has small volume, no biogas slurry emission and high volume gas production rate, and has become a new development trend of anaerobic fermentation.
In the aspect of fermentation process, the anaerobic fermentation process mainly comprises three stages of hydrolysis and acidogenesis, namely, acetylation and methanogenesis, wherein main microorganisms for hydrolysis and acidogenesis (acidogenesis fermentation) and main microorganisms for methanogenesis are different in types, metabolic propagation rates are different by several times, and the hydrolysis and acidogenesis rates and methanogenesis rates are greatly different. In solid fermentation, because the volume organic load is high, the accumulation phenomenon of organic acid is serious, so that the pH is lower than 6.0, the activity of methanogenic microorganisms is inhibited (the proper pH is in the range of 6.5-7.5), the accumulation of organic acid in the fermentation process can be effectively avoided by adopting a non-mixed inoculation mode, the pH is above 7.2, and the methanogenic bacteria activity and the normal operation of methanogenic fermentation are ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a small-scale non-mixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device for feeding and gradually updating microorganisms in batches to overcome the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The utility model provides a continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device of small-scale non-mixed inoculation, includes base, sleeve and upper cover, coaxial solid dress sleeve on the base, sleeve upper end sealed lid dress upper cover, the suit sealing washer between sleeve and upper cover, further seals and strengthens, and the upper cover is last to be made has outlet duct and pressure balance mouth, installs the valve on the outlet duct, and the base middle part system has the cavity liquid chamber, and the lateral wall system has the fluid-discharge tube, its characterized in that:
The device is characterized in that a pair of hinge supports are radially and symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the sleeve, hinge handles are coaxially and hermetically arranged in the hinge supports, one end of each hinge handle extends into the sleeve, fermentation fungus cake trays are horizontally arranged in the middle of the sleeve at intervals, two sides of each fermentation fungus cake tray are horizontally hinged with rotary handles, the rotary handles are coaxially and fixedly arranged with the rotary handles extending into the sleeve, when the hinge handles are rotated, the rotary handles coaxially rotate along with the hinge handles, through holes are uniformly distributed in the middle of each fermentation fungus cake tray, fungus powder is placed in the through holes, sealing films are sealed on two sides of each fermentation fungus cake tray, and the sealing films can be opened in stages to expose the through holes.
Moreover, the sealing film is two semicircular shapes which are arranged at intervals.
The sealing films can be opened in stages by fixedly installing one end of a pull rope at a position, close to the axis, of the upper surface of each semicircular sealing film, and the other end of the pull rope is fixedly arranged on the rotating handle.
And the bacterial powder is methane bacterial powder.
A fermentation process for avoiding acidification of solid anaerobic fermentation using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
Fermenting raw materials, namely, straw and pig manure are mixed according to the mass ratio of (3:1) - (3);
the construction of a fermentation system, namely, in three spaces separated by two layers of fermentation bacterium cake trays in a fermentation reactor, sludge and fermentation raw materials are placed in a non-mixing manner, wherein the fermentation raw materials in each layer are arranged at the upper part, the sludge is arranged at the lower part, the fermentation raw materials are 10-15cm, and the sludge height is 4-5cm;
After the filling, the reactor is closed, anaerobic fermentation is started, the generated biogas is collected, the pH value and the organic acid concentration are monitored by sampling at regular time, the fermentation period is about 40 days, and a proper amount of residues are taken as the sludge for subsequent anaerobic fermentation inoculation after the fermentation is finished, so that the next batch of anaerobic fermentation is carried out.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. aiming at the problems of long lag time, accumulation of organic acid, low gas production efficiency and the like in the existing solid fermentation, the application changes the inoculation mode, and makes methane bacteria in a specific area in an absolute advantage by gradually adding an inoculum, fully plays the role of the methane bacteria, avoids accumulation of the organic acid and acid inhibition, thereby improving the gas production efficiency.
2. The methane bacteria are added in batches in the form of the fermentation cake for the first time, the adding mode of the methane bacteria is changed into gradual updating, the position of dominant strains is always kept, the adding mode is simple, any fermentation process is not influenced, a device is not opened, and the original fermentation environment is kept.
3. The application adopts a non-mixed inoculation method, and avoids the process of evenly mixing the raw materials and the inoculums before the traditional solid fermentation. In addition, mechanical stirring is not needed in the fermentation process, so that a large amount of energy consumption is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fermented cake.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a coated fermentation cake.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of fig. 3.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of gas production under different fermentation conditions.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the addition of sludge and fermentation feedstock to a fermentation system.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are simplified schematic illustrations, illustrating the basic structure of the invention only by way of illustration, and thus showing only the structures that are relevant to the invention.
A small-scale non-mixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device comprises a base 6, a sleeve 4 and an upper cover 2, wherein the sleeve is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the base, the upper end of the sleeve is sealed with the upper cover, a sealing ring is sleeved between the sleeve and the upper cover for further sealing and strengthening, an air outlet pipe 1 and a pressure balance port 3 are arranged on the upper cover, a valve is arranged on the air outlet pipe, a hollow liquid cavity is arranged in the middle of the base, and a liquid discharge pipe 7 is arranged on the side wall of the base.
A pair of hinge supports are radially and symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the sleeve, a hinge handle 5 is coaxially and hermetically arranged in the hinge support, one end of the hinge handle extends into the sleeve, a zymophyte cake tray 8 is horizontally arranged at intervals in the middle of the sleeve, two sides of the zymophyte cake tray are horizontally hinged with a rotating handle 10, the rotating handle is coaxially and fixedly arranged with the rotating handle extending into the sleeve, when the hinge handle is rotated, the rotating handle coaxially rotates along with the hinge handle, through holes 9 are uniformly distributed in the middle of the zymophyte cake tray, methanophyte powder is placed in the through holes, sealing films 11 are arranged on two sides of the zymophyte cake tray, the sealing films are two semicircular shapes which are arranged at intervals, one end of a pull rope 12 is fixedly arranged at the position, close to the axis, of the upper surface of the sealing film of each semicircle, the other end of the pull rope is fixedly arranged on the rotating handle, when the rotating handle is rotated, the pull rope is wound on the rotating handle, the sealing films are pulled away, bacteria in the through holes of the sealing films are released into a fermented product, and the addition of new bacteria is completed.
The device can timely discharge organic acid to a main methane-producing area, and reduce pH to reduce free ammonia, and the pH generated in the fermentation process can influence the form of ammonia nitrogen, so that the acid accumulation and acid inhibition of the traditional solid fermentation can be avoided, and the ammonia accumulation and ammonia inhibition can be avoided, thereby improving the fermentation efficiency.
A fermentation method for avoiding solid anaerobic fermentation acidification comprises the following corresponding fermentation parameters:
The main device is a solid fermentation reactor, and the effective volume is 10L.
The preparation of inoculating microorganism, anaerobic digestion of sludge, fermentation of methane-producing sludge in the prior art, and the application is not particularly limited.
The fermentation raw materials comprise straw and pig manure=3 (1-3) in mass ratio.
The construction of a fermentation system comprises the steps of placing sludge and fermentation raw materials in three spaces separated by two layers of fermentation bacteria cake trays in a fermentation reactor in a non-mixing manner, wherein the fermentation raw materials in each layer are arranged at the upper part, the sludge is arranged at the lower part, the fermentation raw materials are 10-15cm, and the sludge height is 4-5cm.
The specific interlayer height is determined according to the fermentation substrate type. After the filling, the reactor is closed, anaerobic fermentation is started, the generated biogas is collected, the pH value and the organic acid concentration are monitored by sampling at regular time, the fermentation period is about 40 days, and a proper amount of residues are taken as the sludge for subsequent anaerobic fermentation inoculation after the fermentation is finished, so that the next batch of anaerobic fermentation is carried out.
The fermentation process comprises the steps of filling about 1400g of inoculum and about 1200g of mixture of pig manure and straw in a solid fermentation reactor, continuously adding for 2 times according to the addition amount and the addition sequence to form 3 layers of inoculum and pig manure straw mixture structure, stopping feeding, sealing, filling nitrogen for 5min to create an anaerobic environment, sealing the reactor, connecting an air outlet of the reactor with a biogas collection bag, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at 37 ℃.
During fermentation, the gas production volume is measured every day, and the pH is sampled and detected every 3 days, so as to analyze whether acid inhibition is generated. The fermentation was completed by 40 days. Every 10 days, opening the zymophyte cake tray for 1/3, filling methane zymophyte in the gap of the zymophyte cake, and obtaining the product on the market without limitation of strains. Taking out residues after fermentation after 40 days, and refilling the mixture of pig manure and straw, wherein the mixture is respectively filled for three times at intervals. And installing a new zymophyte cake, and continuing anaerobic fermentation.
The results show that:
(1) The concentration of organic acid in the fermentation process in the non-mixed inoculation reaches 19.6-33.0mg/g of total acid, 5.7-6.9mg/g of acetic acid and 3.0-4.1mg/g of propionic acid, but acid inhibition does not occur, the fermentation can be started quickly, the lag phase is 1-2 days, and the lag phase is reduced by 7-8 days compared with the traditional mixed solid fermentation.
(2) In anaerobic fermentation, the daily yield of the substrate VS methane is up to 9.5 ml/(g.d), and the biogas yield is 1.5 times of that of the traditional mixed fermentation of pig manure and straw and 3.5 times of that of the single fermentation of pig manure.
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| CN101638670B (en) * | 2009-07-07 | 2012-09-19 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Method for co-producing hydrogen and methane by utilizing dry anaerobic fermentation of solid organic wastes |
| KR100972178B1 (en) * | 2010-04-21 | 2010-07-23 | 이기정 | Apparatus for anaerobic treatment of organic waste and method there of |
| CN102286541A (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2011-12-21 | 中城泓天(北京)环境科技发展有限公司 | Method for preparing biogas through food waste, urban sludge and urban excrement |
| CN207877720U (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-09-18 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | The installation for fermenting for avoiding solid anaerobic fermentation from being acidified |
| CN110184171B (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2023-12-19 | 齐鲁工业大学 | A single-two-phase anaerobic digestion device for perishable organic matter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN211734353U (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-10-23 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Small-scale non-mixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device |
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