CN111036900A - Defocusing amount measurement control system and method for powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment - Google Patents
Defocusing amount measurement control system and method for powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111036900A CN111036900A CN201911241799.2A CN201911241799A CN111036900A CN 111036900 A CN111036900 A CN 111036900A CN 201911241799 A CN201911241799 A CN 201911241799A CN 111036900 A CN111036900 A CN 111036900A
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- powder feeding
- control system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/31—Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a defocusing amount measurement and control system for powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment, which comprises a computer numerical control system, wherein the computer numerical control system is connected with a human-computer interaction system and a distance sensor in a two-way mode; the human-computer interaction system is responsible for programming programs, inputting parameters and visually displaying system state information; the computer numerical control system is respectively connected with the motion controller, the laser controller and the powder feeding controller through data lines; the powder feeding controller is connected with the powder feeding head through a powder feeding pipeline, the powder feeding head is arranged right opposite to the working plane, the distance sensor is arranged on the side wall of the powder feeding head, and the motion controller is used for controlling the motion of the machine tool and the powder feeding head. The invention also discloses a defocusing amount control method for the powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment. The method can preset and measure the defocusing amount of the working plane and the powder feeding head in the additive manufacturing process in real time, improve the process stability of each layer, and further improve the quality of powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, relates to a defocusing amount control system for powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment, and further relates to a defocusing amount control method.
Background
The powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing technology takes alloy powder as a raw material, and metal is rapidly melted and solidified through a high-power laser beam and is stacked layer by layer. The direct near net blank forming manufacturing of the full compact and high-performance large metal structural part can be directly finished from the three-dimensional model. Compared with the traditional technology, the powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing technology has the following advantages: 1. the flexibility degree in the manufacturing process is high; 2. the production cycle of the product is short, and the processing speed is high; 3. the formed parts have excellent comprehensive mechanical properties; 4. the influence of the size of the part on the machining process is small; 5. the manufacturing process has high digitization degree and high intelligence degree. Therefore, the powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing technology has wider and wider application in the modern industrial fields of aviation, aerospace, electric power, petrochemical industry, ships and the like.
Powder-fed laser additive manufacturing is a process in which a laser beam, a powder beam, and a working plane interact with each other. The metal powder forms a powder beam through a special nozzle, the powder passes through a laser beam in the falling process to absorb energy to be melted, the rest laser energy is used for melting the base material to jointly form a molten pool, the molten pool is rapidly cooled to form a compact metal structure, and the quality of the compact metal structure has important influence on the quality of the additive manufacturing part. The microstructure manufactured by the laser additive is mainly determined by the material type and process parameters, and the process parameters mainly comprise laser beam scanning speed, spot diameter, laser power, lap joint rate, powder feeding amount, defocusing amount and the like. Wherein the defocus plays a crucial role in the matching of the powder beam and the laser beam. If the defocusing amount is too small, the time for the powder to absorb the laser energy is too short, the powder beam does not completely converge to reach the working plane of the base material, the utilization rate of the powder is reduced, the flatness of a cladding layer is reduced by the protective gas blown out by the powder feeding head, and finally the quality of a formed surface is reduced. If the defocusing amount is too large, the distance from the powder feeding head to the working plane is increased, the energy density of the laser beam is reduced, the divergence of the powder beam is increased, and defects such as air holes and incomplete fusion are easily formed. Therefore, in order to obtain a stable and good-quality formed structure, the defocus amount must be controlled within a certain process window.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a defocusing amount measurement control system for powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment, which can measure and control the stability of the coke separating amount between a powder feeding head and a working surface in the powder feeding additive manufacturing process in real time, thereby improving the stability of the additive manufacturing process and improving the product quality.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a defocus control method for a powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing apparatus.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the defocusing amount measurement and control system for the powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment comprises a computer numerical control system, wherein the computer numerical control system is in bidirectional connection with a human-computer interaction system; the human-computer interaction system is responsible for programming programs, inputting parameters and visually displaying system state information; the computer numerical control system is respectively connected with the motion controller, the laser controller and the powder feeding controller through data lines; the powder feeding controller is connected with the powder feeding head through a powder feeding pipeline, the powder feeding head is arranged right opposite to the working plane, the distance sensor is arranged on the side wall of the powder feeding head, and the distance sensor is in bidirectional connection with the computer numerical control system through a data line; the motion controller is used for controlling the motion of the machine tool and the powder feeding head; the laser controller is connected with a laser device which is arranged in the powder feeding head and is used for adjusting the output power of the laser.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the distance sensor is responsible for measuring the distance between the powder feeding head and the working plane and feeding back data to the computer numerical control system in real time.
The computer numerical control system is responsible for inputting, operating and outputting system instructions;
the powder feeding head sprays powder beams through a special nozzle to be coaxial with laser beams generated by a laser.
The human-computer interaction equipment consists of a display, a keyboard and a mouse, wherein the display, the keyboard and the mouse are connected with the computer numerical control system, the keyboard and the mouse are responsible for inputting parameters, and the display is used for displaying the state of the system.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a defocusing amount measuring and controlling method for powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: before the powder feeding head moves to a specified position to prepare for forming a new layer, the distance sensor measures the defocusing amount between the working plane of the part and the powder feeding head, and feeds a numerical value back to the computer numerical control system;
step 2: the computer numerical control system compares the actual defocusing amount with a preset theoretical value and calculates the difference value between the actual value and the theoretical value;
and step 3: according to the difference obtained in the step 2, the computer numerical control system controls the motion controller to move to drive the powder feeding head to adjust the height, and the decoking amount is adjusted to a preset value;
and 4, step 4: and (4) continuously forming a new layer after the defocusing amount adjustment is finished, returning to the step 1 after the defocusing amount adjustment is finished, and adjusting the defocusing amount of the next layer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method can preset and measure the defocusing amount of the working plane and the powder feeding head in the additive manufacturing process in real time, ensure the stability of important process parameters, improve the process stability of each layer and further improve the quality of powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing products.
(2) The high-precision distance sensor adopted by the invention can accurately measure the distance between the powder feeding head and the working area, and the measurement and control precision of the system is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a defocus control system for a powder-feeding laser additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a defocus control method for a powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a computer numerical control system, 2, a man-machine interaction device, 3, a motion controller, 4, a distance sensor, 5, a powder feeding head, 6, a laser controller, 7, a powder feeding controller and 8, a working plane.
Detailed Description
The defocusing amount measurement and control system for the powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment is structurally shown in figure 1 and comprises a computer numerical control system 1, wherein the computer numerical control system 1 is in bidirectional connection with a human-computer interaction system 2; the human-computer interaction system 2 is responsible for programming programs, inputting parameters and visually displaying system state information; the computer numerical control system 1 is respectively connected with the motion controller 3, the laser controller 6 and the powder feeding controller 7 through data lines; the powder feeding controller 7 is connected with the powder feeding head 5 through a powder feeding pipeline, the powder feeding head 5 is arranged right opposite to the working plane 8, the distance sensor 4 is arranged on the side wall of the powder feeding head 5, and the distance sensor 4 is in bidirectional connection with the computer numerical control system 1 through a data line; the motion controller 3 is used for controlling the motion of the machine tool and the powder feeding head 5; the laser controller 6 is connected with a laser built in the powder feeding head 5, and the laser controller 6 is used for adjusting the laser output power.
The distance sensor 4 is responsible for measuring the distance between the powder feeding head and the working plane 8 and feeding back data to the computer numerical control system in real time.
The computer numerical control system 1 is responsible for inputting, computing and outputting system instructions;
the powder beam ejected by the powder feeding head 5 through the dedicated nozzle is coaxial with the laser beam generated by the laser 6.
The human-computer interaction device 2 consists of a display, a keyboard and a mouse, the display, the keyboard and the mouse are connected with the computer numerical control system 1, the keyboard and the mouse are responsible for inputting parameters, and the display is used for displaying the system state.
The system is visualized through a human-computer interaction system, which consists of an input device and an output device, is connected with a central processing unit of a computer numerical control system and is responsible for programming programs, inputting parameters, visualizing and displaying information such as system states.
The computer numerical control system is used as a control core of the whole system, is connected with the rest parts of the system through data lines and is responsible for inputting, operating and outputting system instructions. The movement of the machine tool and the coaxial powder feeding head is controlled by connecting the movement controller; the laser controller is connected with the laser controller to control parameters such as the switching of laser, the output power and the like; the powder feeding controller is connected to control the parameters of the powder feeder, such as the switch, the powder feeding amount and the like.
The distance sensor is arranged on the side wall of the powder feeding head and follows the powder feeding head, and the measuring area of the distance sensor is overlapped with the area of the laser beam emitted by the laser device, which is irradiated on the working plane. The distance sensor is used for measuring the distance between the working surface and the laser powder feeding head, converting the distance into the defocusing amount of the laser beam, and transmitting the numerical information to the computer numerical control system through a data line for analysis and adjustment.
A defocus measurement and control method for a powder-feeding laser additive manufacturing apparatus is shown in fig. 2, and specifically includes the following steps:
step 1: before the powder feeding head moves to a specified position to prepare for forming a new layer, the distance sensor measures the defocusing amount between the working plane of the part and the powder feeding head, and feeds a numerical value back to the computer numerical control system;
step 2: the computer numerical control system compares the actual defocusing amount with a preset theoretical value and calculates the difference value between the actual value and the theoretical value;
and step 3: according to the difference obtained in the step 2, the computer numerical control system controls the motion controller to move to drive the powder feeding head to adjust the height, and the decoking amount is adjusted to a preset value;
and 4, step 4: and (4) continuously forming a new layer after the defocusing amount adjustment is finished, returning to the step 1 after the defocusing amount adjustment is finished, and adjusting the defocusing amount of the next layer.
In the process of forming the thin-wall curved surface structure, the situation that the actual thickness of each layer is not consistent with the theoretical value preset by a system can occur due to various reasons. If the actual thickness of each layer is larger than the theoretical value, the defocusing amount is gradually reduced in the forming process, so that the surface is wavy and undulates, and smooth forming cannot be realized. If the actual thickness of each layer is smaller than the theoretical value, the defocusing amount is gradually increased in the forming process, so that the energy density is reduced, the fused powder in unit time is reduced, the height of each layer is reduced, the defocusing amount is continuously increased, and the final part cannot be formed. No matter which condition appears, the forming needs to be suspended, the forming surface is processed, the defocusing amount is adjusted and calibrated manually, and the forming efficiency is seriously influenced.
The powder feeding type material increase manufacturing equipment provided with the defocusing amount control system can input preset numerical values into the system before forming when the thin-wall curved surface structure is formed, the system can adjust the defocusing amount to the preset numerical values according to real-time data detected by the distance sensor, and the defocusing amount is detected before forming of each layer, if the defocusing amount is found to exceed the preset value, the defocusing amount is adjusted in time, the stability in the forming process is ensured, and the internal and external quality of the thin-wall curved surface structure is ensured. The forming process does not need manual monitoring, and the automation degree of the system is improved.
Claims (6)
1. The defocusing amount measurement control system for the powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment is characterized by comprising a computer numerical control system (1), wherein the computer numerical control system (1) is in bidirectional connection with a man-machine interaction system (2); the human-computer interaction system (2) is responsible for programming, inputting parameters and visually displaying system state information; the computer numerical control system (1) is respectively connected with the motion controller (3), the laser controller (6) and the powder feeding controller (7) through data lines; the powder feeding controller (7) is connected with the powder feeding head (5) through a powder feeding pipeline, the powder feeding head (5) is arranged right opposite to the working plane (8), the distance sensor (4) is arranged on the side wall of the powder feeding head (5), and the distance sensor (4) is in bidirectional connection with the computer numerical control system (1) through a data line; the motion controller (3) is used for controlling the motion of the machine tool and the powder feeding head (5); the laser controller (6) is connected with a laser device which is arranged in the powder feeding head (5), and the laser controller (6) is used for adjusting the output power of the laser.
2. The defocus measurement and control system for powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance sensor (4) is responsible for measuring the distance between the powder feeding head and the working plane (8) and feeding back data to the computer numerical control system in real time.
3. The defocus measurement and control system for the powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the computer numerical control system (1) is responsible for inputting, calculating and outputting system instructions.
4. The defocus measurement and control system for a powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the powder beam ejected from the powder feeding head (5) through the dedicated nozzle is coaxial with the laser beam generated by the laser (6).
5. The defocus measurement and control system for powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the human-computer interaction device (2) comprises a display, a keyboard and a mouse, the display, the keyboard and the mouse are connected with the computer numerical control system (1), the keyboard and the mouse are responsible for inputting parameters, and the display is used for displaying the system state.
6. A defocusing amount measurement and control method for powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment is characterized by comprising the following specific operation steps:
step 1: before the powder feeding head moves to a specified position to prepare for forming a new layer, the distance sensor measures the defocusing amount between the working plane of the part and the powder feeding head, and feeds a numerical value back to the computer numerical control system;
step 2: the computer numerical control system compares the actual defocusing amount with a preset theoretical value and calculates the difference value between the actual value and the theoretical value;
and step 3: according to the difference obtained in the step 2, the computer numerical control system controls the motion controller to move to drive the powder feeding head to adjust the height, and the decoking amount is adjusted to a preset value;
and 4, step 4: and (4) continuously forming a new layer after the defocusing amount adjustment is finished, returning to the step 1 after the defocusing amount adjustment is finished, and adjusting the defocusing amount of the next layer.
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| CN201911241799.2A CN111036900A (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2019-12-06 | Defocusing amount measurement control system and method for powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing equipment |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111521617A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-11 | 上海御微半导体技术有限公司 | Optical detection apparatus, control method of optical detection apparatus, and storage medium |
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| CN111521617A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-11 | 上海御微半导体技术有限公司 | Optical detection apparatus, control method of optical detection apparatus, and storage medium |
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Application publication date: 20200421 |