CN111034558B - Method for field identification and evaluation of late sowing resistance and early maturity of wheat variety - Google Patents
Method for field identification and evaluation of late sowing resistance and early maturity of wheat variety Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a field identification and evaluation method for late sowing and early maturity resistance of a wheat variety, which comprises the following steps: the proper sowing period of local wheat is taken as a first sowing period, and the sowing for a second sowing period is delayed for 25-30 days; the first sowing period and the second sowing period are continuously planted in adjacent plots; investigating the tillering number of the single plants in the first and second sowing periods before overwintering, and calculating the tillering index T before the winter; investigating heading date and mature period of the first sowing date and the second sowing date, and respectively calculating heading index M1 and mature index M2; investigating the grain weight of the first broadcast period and the second broadcast period and calculating a delayed broadcast resistant coefficient Y; evaluating the late sowing resistance and early maturity of different wheat varieties according to the tillering index before winter, the heading index, the maturity index and the late sowing resistance coefficient. The method disclosed by the invention is simple in investigation index and convenient to operate and implement, can reflect the late sowing resistance and the early maturity of the wheat most, and can accurately identify the late sowing resistance and the early maturity of the wheat variety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a field identification and evaluation method for late sowing and early maturity resistance of a wheat variety.
Background
Wheat is one of three major cereal crops in the world, the yield of the wheat accounts for about 20% of the total yield of Chinese grains, in rice and wheat double cropping areas in China, due to the fact that the area of direct-sowing rice is increased, the growth period of rice is prolonged, the rice is often subjected to adverse wheat growth factors such as cloudy and rainy days after harvesting, the sowing period of the wheat is gradually delayed, the delay of the sowing period of the wheat influences tiller number and grain grouting quality before the winter of the wheat, the late-cropping wheat is often damaged by dry hot air, the high temperature after the wheat blossoming inhibits the activity of starch synthesis related enzymes in endosperm, the grouting fullness degree of the late-cropping wheat is influenced, and the high-temperature near-cropping is caused to reduce the yield; meanwhile, the harvest time of the late-sown wheat is often in plum rain weather, so that the harvest and the quality of the wheat are influenced. The late-sowing-resistant early-maturing wheat variety can reduce or overcome the above adverse factors, the late-sowing-resistant early-maturing wheat is wheat which has fast tillering and more tillering before winter under the condition of late sowing, but the difference between the heading stage and the maturing stage of the late-sowing-resistant early-maturing wheat and the heading stage and the maturing stage of normal sowing is not obvious, and the yield constituent elements (the number of ears per unit area, the number of grains per ear and the thousand grain weight) are not obviously reduced due to the delay of the sowing stage. The breeding and popularization of the late sowing resistant early maturing wheat variety are the most effective means for solving the high and stable yield of the late sowing wheat, and have very important significance for stabilizing the production of the wheat in the two regions of rice and wheat with prepared rhizome of rehmannia. Therefore, a set of complete wheat late sowing resistance and early maturity field identification method and an evaluation system are urgently needed to be established.
The invention provides a field identification and evaluation method for late sowing and early maturing resistance of a wheat variety, which establishes a field identification and evaluation system for the late sowing and early maturing resistance of the wheat variety by observing and comparing differences of characters such as tillering property, mature period, yield and the like of the same variety of a natural population of the wheat at different sowing periods, and lays a foundation for breeding of the late sowing and early maturing resistance of the wheat variety and genetic research of the late sowing and early maturing resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a field identification method and an evaluation system for the late sowing and early maturing resistance of wheat, mainly aims to establish the identification method and the evaluation system for the late sowing and early maturing resistance of wheat varieties and lays a foundation for breeding of the late sowing and early maturing resistance wheat varieties and genetic research of the late sowing and early maturing resistance traits. The method has simple investigation indexes, is convenient to operate and implement, and can accurately identify and evaluate the late sowing resistance and the early maturity resistance of the wheat variety.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a field identification and evaluation method for late sowing resistance and early maturity of wheat varieties comprises the following steps:
the proper sowing period of local wheat is taken as a first sowing period, and the sowing for a second sowing period is delayed for 25-30 days; the first sowing period and the second sowing period are continuously planted in adjacent plots; investigating the tillering number of the single plants in the first and second sowing periods before overwintering, and calculating the tillering index T before the winter; investigating heading date and mature period of the first sowing date and the second sowing date, and respectively calculating heading index M1 and mature index M2; investigating the grain weight of the first broadcast period and the second broadcast period and calculating a delayed broadcast resistant coefficient Y;
and evaluating the late sowing resistance and the early maturity of different wheat varieties according to the tillering index before winter, the heading index, the maturity index and the late sowing resistance coefficient.
Further, the pre-winter tillering index T = the tillering number of the single plant at the second sowing stage/the tillering number of the single plant at the first sowing stage;
the heading index M1= (second sowing heading stage-first sowing heading stage)/(second sowing stage jointing stage-first sowing stage jointing stage);
the maturity index M2= (second sowing mature period-first sowing mature period)/(second sowing flowering period-first sowing flowering period)
And the delayed sowing tolerance coefficient Y = second sowing time grain weight/first sowing time grain weight.
Further, determining the winter tillering characteristics of different varieties of wheat materials according to the grade standard of the winter tillering index T: t is more than or equal to 0.6000, and is a tillering extremely strong type; the tillering strength is higher than 0.6000 and T is more than or equal to 0.3000; t is less than 0.3000, and the tillering is worse.
Further, the earliness between different varieties of wheat material was determined according to the ranking criteria of heading index M1 and maturity index M2: m1 is more than or equal to 0.8500 and is a very early pregnancy spike type; 0.8500 is more than M1 and is more than or equal to 0.7500, and the early pregnancy spike type is obtained; m1 < 0.7500 is slow pregnancy spike type; m2 is more than or equal to 0.9500 and is of a very delayed sowing resistant type; 0.9500 is more than M2 is more than or equal to 0.8500, and is a more delayed sowing resistant type; m2 < 0.8500 is a delayed broadcast sensitive type.
Further, the delayed sowing resistant characteristic among different wheat materials is determined according to the delayed sowing resistant coefficient Y grade standard: y is more than or equal to 0.9500 and is of extremely delayed sowing resistance; 0.9500 is more than Y is more than or equal to 0.9000, and is a more delayed sowing-resistant type; y is less than 0.9000, and is delayed sowing sensitive type.
Furthermore, a bird prevention net is arranged in the wheat filling period, so that the influence of bird pecking on data accuracy is prevented.
Furthermore, wheat of each variety is independently planted in a row, and the sowing time is set to be three times.
Furthermore, the row length of wheat planting is 1m, the plant spacing is 5cm, the wheat is evenly dibbled, and the row spacing is 30 cm.
Furthermore, the method for investigating the tillering number of the single plant is to investigate the tillering number of five continuous plants at a two-seeding stage before overwintering and calculate the tillering number of the single plant.
Further, the maturity period is based on 50% of the kernel starting to harden per row.
Further, the method for calculating the delayed propagation resistance coefficient and selecting the sample comprises the following steps: after the wheat is ripe, 5 competitive plants with uniform and consistent growth vigor are selected for wheat in each row, mixed harvesting and mixed threshing are carried out, and the grain seeds of the 5 wheat plants are measured.
The technical scheme provided by the invention realizes the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the method that the second sowing period of each variety is directly planted after the first sowing period, the method can effectively avoid the phenomenon that the plant height of the first sowing period is too high to shield the second sowing period, so that the growth is influenced, and the result is more accurate;
(2) in the invention, each line adopts a dibble seeding mode, so that the growth vigor of each wheat is basically consistent, and the accuracy of character investigation is ensured.
(3) According to the invention, each variety is planted in a row independently, a large number of varieties can be identified in a small field, so that the test field is saved, and errors caused by differences among fields are reduced.
(4) The method for screening the late sowing-resistant early maturing material in the late sowing-resistant early maturing breeding of the wheat provided by the invention has the advantages of simple investigation index, convenience in operation and implementation and capability of accurately identifying and evaluating the late sowing-resistant early maturing of the wheat variety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a field plan;
FIG. 2 shows the growth of the first sowing period in 27 months in 2019 (the sowing date is 27 months in 10 years in 2018);
fig. 3 shows the second growth of the seeding date in 2019, 3 and 27 months (the seeding date is 2018, 11 and 24 months).
1 is the trend of wheat field planting, 2 is a first field block with a sowing period, 3 is a drainage ditch, and 4 is a second field block with a sowing period
Detailed Description
Example 1
A field identification and evaluation method for late sowing resistance and early maturity of wheat varieties comprises the following steps:
(1) setting a seeding period: the proper sowing period of local wheat in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river is taken as a first sowing period, and the sowing of a second sowing period is delayed for 25-30 days;
(2) setting row spacing and plant spacing: uniformly dibbling the wheat seeds with the row length of 1m and the plant spacing of 5cm, wherein the row spacing is 30cm, three repetitions are arranged in the same sowing period, and the wheat seeds to be identified are continuously planted in adjacent land parcels in a first sowing period and a second sowing period respectively; as shown in fig. 1-3, the first field plot and the second field plot are adjacently disposed with a drainage ditch therebetween; the direction of wheat planting is consistent with the direction of the drainage ditch.
(3) The tillering number of a single plant is calculated by investigating the tillering number of five continuous plants in a two-seeding period before overwintering, and the tillering index T before the winter is calculated:
(4) t = tillering number of single plant in second sowing period/tillering number of single plant in first sowing period;
(5) t is a decimal number between 0 and 1, and the larger the value of T is, the better the tillering characteristic before winter is shown;
(6) determining the pre-winter tillering characteristics of different varieties of wheat materials according to the grade standard of T: t is more than or equal to 0.6000, and is a tillering extremely strong type; the tillering strength is higher than 0.6000 and T is more than or equal to 0.3000; t less than 0.3000 is worse tillering type. And carrying out next identification on the wheat germplasm resources with strong tillering and stronger T of more than or equal to 0.3000.
(7) And arranging a bird prevention net in the wheat filling stage to prevent birds from pecking to influence the data accuracy, and managing other fields in the same way as local fields.
(8) And (3) character investigation: recording the maturation period of each row of varieties during maturation, wherein the maturation period takes 50% of grains on ears of each row as a standard for hardening;
(9) investigating heading stage and mature stage under the two-sowing period, and calculating an early maturing coefficient M: the precocity coefficient M comprises an M1 heading index and an M2 maturity index;
(10) heading index M1= (second sowing heading stage-first sowing heading stage)/(second sowing stage jointing stage-first sowing stage jointing stage)
Maturity index M2= (second sowing maturity-first sowing maturity)/(second sowing flowering phase-first sowing flowering phase)
(11) M1 and M2 are decimal numbers between 0 and 1, and the larger the value is, the better the late sowing and early maturing resistance is;
(12) the earliness characteristics between different varieties of wheat material were determined according to the rating scale of M: m1 is more than or equal to 0.8500 and is a very early pregnancy spike type; 0.8500 is more than M1 and is more than or equal to 0.7500, and the early pregnancy spike type is obtained; m1 < 0.7500 is late pregnancy panicle type. M2 is more than or equal to 0.9500 and is of a very delayed sowing resistant type; 0.9500 is more than M2 is more than or equal to 0.8500, and is a more delayed sowing resistant type; m2 < 0.8500 is a delayed broadcast sensitive type. And screening out the wheat germplasm resources with vigorous tillering before winter and strong earliness according to the grade indexes of T being more than or equal to 0.3000, M1 being more than or equal to 0.7500 and M2 being more than or equal to 0.8500.
(13) Selecting a sample: after the wheat is ripe, 5 competitive plants with uniform growth vigor are selected for wheat in each row, mixed and removed, and the grain weight (yield) of the 5 competitive plants is measured.
(14) The grain weight at two sowing periods is investigated and the delayed sowing resistance coefficient Y is calculated:
(15) y = second broadcast period grain weight/first broadcast period grain weight;
(16) y is a decimal number between 0 and 1, and the larger the value of Y is, the better the late sowing and early maturing resistance is;
(17) determining delayed sowing resistance among different varieties of wheat materials according to a Y-grade standard: y is more than or equal to 0.9500 and is of extremely delayed sowing resistance; 0.9500, Y is more than or equal to 0.9000, and the seed is a more delayed sowing resistant type; y is less than 0.9000, and is delayed sowing sensitive type.
Example 2
1.1 Experimental materials
327 parts of wheat germplasm resource collected by using subject group
1.2 Experimental methods
(1) Setting a seeding period: the normal sowing period (first sowing period) is selected as day 27 in 2018, month 10, and the late sowing period (second sowing period) is selected as No. 24 in month 11.
(2) Setting basic seedlings: the two sowing periods are evenly dibbled according to the plant spacing of 5cm, and are planted in rows, the row length is 1m, the row spacing is 30cm, and the walkway is 50 cm.
(3) Field management: and arranging bird prevention nets in the field in 15 days after 4 months, and performing other cultivation management on the field in the same way as the local field.
(4) Recording the maturation period: and respectively recording the maturity period of each line of variety, wherein the maturity period is based on the standard that 50% of grains on ears of each line become hard.
(5) Selecting a sample: and 5 competitive plants with uniform growth vigor in each row are selected for mixed threshing when the crops are harvested in 2019, and the yield of the 5 competitive plants is measured.
(6) According to the grade index of the wheat early maturing coefficient T, M: "T is more than or equal to 0.6000, and is a tillering extremely strong type; the tillering strength is higher than 0.6000 and T is more than or equal to 0.3000; t less than 0.3000 is worse tillering type. M1 is more than or equal to 0.8500 and is a very early pregnancy spike type; 0.8500 is more than M1 and is more than or equal to 0.7500, and the early pregnancy spike type is obtained; m1 < 0.7500 is late pregnancy panicle type. M2 is more than or equal to 0.9500 and is of a very delayed sowing resistant type; 0.9500 is more than M2 is more than or equal to 0.8500, and is a more delayed sowing resistant type; m2 < 0.8500 is late sowing sensitive type. Grade index of tardy broadcast resistance index Y: y is more than or equal to 0.9500 and is of extremely delayed sowing resistance; 0.9500 is more than Y is more than or equal to 0.9000, and is a more delayed sowing-resistant type; y is less than 0.9000, and the characters required to be recorded are examined.
(7) In conclusion, after staged sowing identification in the field, late sowing resistant early maturing wheat varieties such as Yumai 49 (T =0.33, M1=0.76, M2=1, Y = 0.92), Dongma 1301 (T =0.36, M1=0.83, M2=0.86, Y = 0.91), Yangma 21 (T =0.34, M1=0.84, M2=0.88, Y = 0.94) and the like are screened for breeding and genetic research of the late sowing resistant early maturing wheat varieties.
Further, it will be appreciated that modifications and variations may be resorted to as will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein, and that all such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
Claims (1)
1. A field identification and evaluation method for late sowing resistance and early maturity of wheat varieties is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the proper sowing period of local wheat is taken as a first sowing period, and the sowing for a second sowing period is delayed for 25-30 days; the wheat is planted with the row length of 1m and the plant spacing of 5cm, evenly dibble seeding, the row spacing of 30cm and three repetitions in the same sowing period, and the wheat variety to be identified is continuously planted in adjacent plots in a first sowing period and a second sowing period respectively; the first sowing period field block and the second sowing period field block are arranged adjacently, and a drainage ditch is arranged between the first sowing period field block and the second sowing period field block; the direction of wheat planting is consistent with the direction of the drainage ditch; and (3) surveying the tillering numbers of five continuous plants in the first and second sowing periods before overwintering to calculate the tillering number of each plant, and calculating the tillering index T before overwintering:
t = tillering number of single plant in second sowing period/tillering number of single plant in first sowing period;
t is a decimal number between 0 and 1, and the larger the value of T is, the better the tillering characteristic before winter is shown;
determining the pre-winter tillering characteristics of different varieties of wheat materials according to the grade standard of T: t is more than or equal to 0.6000, and is a tillering extremely strong type; the tillering strength is higher than 0.6000 and T is more than or equal to 0.3000; t is less than 0.3000, the tillering is worse; carrying out next identification on the extremely strong and strong wheat germplasm resources with T being more than or equal to 0.3000;
arranging an anti-bird net in the wheat filling stage, and managing the rest fields with local fields;
recording the maturation period of each row of varieties during maturation, wherein the maturation period takes 50% of grains on ears of each row as a standard for hardening;
investigating heading stage and mature stage of the first and second sowing stages, and calculating a precocity coefficient M, wherein the precocity coefficient M comprises heading index M1 and mature index M2;
heading index M1= (second sowing heading-first sowing heading)/(second sowing jointing stage-first sowing jointing stage);
maturity index M2= (second-first sowing maturity)/(second-first sowing flowering time);
m1 and M2 are decimal numbers between 0 and 1, and the larger the value is, the better the late sowing and early maturing resistance is;
the earliness characteristics between different varieties of wheat material were determined according to the rating scale of M: m1 is more than or equal to 0.8500 and is a very early pregnancy spike type; 0.8500 is more than M1 and is more than or equal to 0.7500, and the early pregnancy spike type is obtained; m1 < 0.7500 is slow pregnancy spike type; m2 is more than or equal to 0.9500 and is of a very delayed sowing resistant type; 0.9500 is more than M2 is more than or equal to 0.8500, and is a more delayed sowing resistant type; m2 is less than 0.8500 and is a delayed sowing sensitive type; screening out wheat germplasm resources with vigorous tillering before winter and strong earliness according to grade indexes of T being more than or equal to 0.3000, M1 being more than or equal to 0.7500 and M2 being more than or equal to 0.8500;
after the wheat is ripe, selecting 5 competitive plants with uniform growth vigor for wheat in each row, mixing, harvesting, removing, and measuring the grain weight of the 5 competitive plants;
investigating grain weight of the first sowing period and the second sowing period and calculating a delayed sowing resistance coefficient Y;
y = second broadcast period grain weight/first broadcast period grain weight;
y is a decimal number between 0 and 1, and the larger the value of Y is, the better the late sowing and early maturing resistance is;
determining delayed sowing resistance among different varieties of wheat materials according to a Y-grade standard: y is more than or equal to 0.9500 and is of extremely delayed sowing resistance; 0.9500 is more than Y is more than or equal to 0.9000, and is a more delayed sowing-resistant type; y is less than 0.9000, and is delayed sowing sensitive type.
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