CN111011279A - Procambarus clarkii breeding method - Google Patents
Procambarus clarkii breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111011279A CN111011279A CN201911330416.9A CN201911330416A CN111011279A CN 111011279 A CN111011279 A CN 111011279A CN 201911330416 A CN201911330416 A CN 201911330416A CN 111011279 A CN111011279 A CN 111011279A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding procambarus clarkia, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that a nursery pond and a shrimp forming pond are arranged on a culture farm in a separated mode through pond ridges, the nursery pond and the shrimp forming pond respectively account for 25-35% and 65-75% of the total area of the culture farm, and annular grooves are formed in the nursery pond along the pond ridges towards the inner edges of the nursery pond; planting aquatic weeds on two sides of the annular ditch; putting seed shrimps into the nursery pond according to 30-40 jin/mu from the first ten days of 6 months to the first 9 months, and culturing the seed shrimps into 2.5-4 cm shrimp seedlings; watering the mature shrimp pond in 12 months or 1-2 months in the next year, and planting aquatic weeds; catching the shrimp seeds in succession from 3 months in the next year; putting shrimp seedlings into the adult shrimp pond according to 5000-6000 tails/acre from the middle ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months in the next year, and culturing adult shrimps; all adult shrimps are caught from late 4 to late 5 months of the next year, and no shrimps are left in the pond. The method for cultivating the procambarus clarkia can realize the cultivation of the procambarus clarkia in a short time, help farmers to rob high prices, and improve the profit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for culturing procambarus clarkia.
Background
The common method for culturing the juvenile Eriocheir sinensis with the crab buttons in the inner enclosing net of the pond comprises the following steps: setting a purse net isolation area in the same pond, wherein the net isolation area is a pond platform and is used for planting and protecting hydrilla verticillata; the isolation area outside the net is a culture area of the juvenile crabs, the isolation stage lasts for 5 months, and after the hydrilla verticillata in the net grows well, the purse net is removed, and the juvenile crabs enter the platform. At present, a small number of farmers use the method for breeding procambarus clarkia (also called crayfish) for reference, and the method for breeding the procambarus clarkia has certain defects, including: for the procambarus clarkii variety, the method cannot achieve the purpose of complete regional isolation; in daily management, various operations in the pond are carried out synchronously, and the operation cannot be carried out according to requirements, so that the management is difficult, and the culture cost is increased; in the disease-developing period of cultivation, the infection source can not be effectively blocked, and the disease loss is reduced; the isolation is incomplete, so that the breeding density is uncontrollable, the efficient and accurate breeding of commercial shrimps is difficult to realize, and the breeding benefit is not favorably improved.
In addition, with the development of the industry, the procambarus clarkii breeding industry is difficult to continue to depend on a profit mode of making money by selling shrimp fries; the industry starts from 2019, the phenomena that shrimp fries are over-supply and demand are caused, and finished shrimps are relatively under-supply are caused, so that money is earned by selling the finished shrimps, and the finished shrimps also need to be sold early to be earned. In the traditional culture mode, shrimp seedlings and adult shrimps are not separated generally, and the density of the shrimps in the pond can reach a high density of more than 15000 tails/mu at the same time under the condition that the shrimp seedlings cannot be sold, so that the shrimp seedlings can only be cultured to a small size of 15-20 g/tail at most, and the consumed culture time reaches 30-40 days or even more, therefore, the effects of producing the early shrimps before 5 months and selling high prices are difficult to achieve, and the shrimp seedlings are difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the method for cultivating the procambarus clarkia can realize the cultivation of the procambarus clarkia in a short time, help farmers to rob high prices and improve the profit.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect of the invention, a method for culturing procambarus clarkia comprises the following steps:
(1) site construction: arranging a seedling raising pond and a shrimp forming pond on the field, wherein the seedling raising pond and the shrimp forming pond are separated by a pond ridge; the nursery pond accounts for 25-35% of the total area of the culture field, and the shrimp forming pond accounts for 65-75% of the total area of the culture field; annular ditches are arranged in the seedling culture pond along the pond ridge towards the inner edge of the seedling culture pond, and account for 17-25% of the area of the seedling culture pond;
(2) preparation before cultivation: planting waterweeds on two side walls of the annular ditch;
(3) seed shrimp throwing: putting seed shrimps into the nursery pond in the ten days from 6 months to 9 months, and putting 30-40 jin per mu;
(4) breeding shrimps and shrimp seedlings: feeding water into the seedling raising pool in 6-7 months; feeding is continued or stopped in the annular groove after 8-9 months, and feeding is stopped in the region outside the annular groove in the seedling raising pool; after harvesting the rice for 9-10 months, feeding water into the breeding pond, entering a shrimp seedling breeding period, and breeding the shrimp seedlings to 2.5-4 cm;
(5) preparing before culturing in adult shrimp pond: in 12 months or 1-2 months of the next year, feeding water into the mature shrimp pond, and planting water plants;
(6) catching, releasing and culturing the shrimp fries: catching shrimp seedlings from 3 months of the next year, and ending the seedling culture in a seedling culture pond from 5 to 6 months of the next year; and in the middle ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months of the next year, putting shrimp seedlings into the mature shrimp pond in sequence, wherein the putting density is 5000-6000 tails/mu; then adult shrimp culture is carried out;
(7) catching adult shrimps: all adult shrimps are caught between late 4 months and early 5 months of the next year, and no shrimps are left in the pond.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in the step (1), the annular trench occupies 17-25% of the area of the seedling raising pond, the width of the annular trench is 2-6 m, and the slope of the side wall is 1: 1 or more; the bottom width of the pond ridge is greater than or equal to 4m, and the surface width is greater than or equal to 2 m; the height of the inner ridge of the annular ditch is 20-30 cm, and the surface width is 45-55 cm. In addition, an independent water inlet and outlet system can be respectively built in the nursery pond and the shrimp pond.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in step (2), the pre-culture preparation further comprises: and planting rice in the region outside the annular ditch in the seedling raising pond.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in step (3), before the shrimp seeds are thrown, the water quality is conditioned; after the breeding shrimps are fed, the stress reaction of the breeding shrimps is eliminated by using the stress promoter, so that the breeding shrimps can adapt to the environment quickly. The water quality can be regulated before the breeding of the shrimps, and the water quality can be improved by adopting the water-protecting agent to detoxify.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the aquatic weeds in step (2) and step (5) are independently selected from at least one of alternanthera philoxeroides, waterweed, and water hyacinth.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in the step (2), a cluster of aquatic weeds is planted at intervals of 3-5 m, and the coverage area of each cluster of aquatic weeds is 0.5-2 m2(ii) a In the step (5), the coverage area of each cluster of aquatic weeds is not less than 0.3m2The planting distance is (3-5 m) × (3-5) m. After planting the waterweeds for 5 days, additional grass fertilizer can be applied to promote the rooting and growth of the waterweeds. The grass fertilizer can be at least one of grass root growth, root strengthening and fast fertilizer.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in the step (4), feeding the breeding shrimp feed according to the feeding amount of 3-5% in the breeding shrimp breeding period; feeding water in the seedling raising pool for 10-20 cm in 6-7 months, and feeding breeding shrimp feed into the seedling raising pool; in 8-9 months, the seedling raising pond is drained until the water level in the annular ditch is 25-35 cm lower than the field surface outside the annular ditch of the seedling raising pond, feeding is continued to the annular ditch, and feeding is stopped in the culture area except the annular ditch in the seedling raising pond; at least one of a bottom protection device, a water cooling device and a water protection device is used every 7-10 days to maintain the water quality of the annular ditch; and (5) feeding water into the breeding pond after 9-10 months, and entering a shrimp seedling breeding period.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step (5), in 3 months of the next year, bighead carp (or spotted silver carp) and/or silver carp (or silver carp) can be put into the adult shrimp pond for controlling the reproduction of zooplankton in the low-temperature water and reducing the oxygen consumption; the specification of the bighead carp and the silver carp is 0.8-1.5 jin/tail, and the feeding amount of the bighead carp is generally 8-12 jin/mu; the putting amount of the silver carps is generally 4-6 per mu. In addition, before the bighead carp and/or the silver carp are/is thrown, the water can be fertilized to increase the dissolved oxygen of the water body in the adult shrimp pond. Specifically, a bag of algae Fengbao, a bottle of fast fertilizer and a bag of fertilizer and water package (10-15 mu/package) mixed by enzyme Lishengbao can be used for fertilizing water.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in the step (6), the adult shrimp feed is fed into the adult shrimp pond in the adult shrimp culture process, the feeding rate is gradually increased, and when the feeding rate reaches more than 5%, the adult shrimp feed is fed twice, wherein the feeding rate is 25-35% of the daily feeding amount in the morning and 65-75% of the daily feeding amount in the afternoon. Feeding the finished shrimp feed according to the principle that the shrimps are full and slightly remain; the bait throwing rate can be gradually increased according to 3%, 5%, 8% and 10%, generally the bait throwing amount is increased every 2-3 days, and the bait throwing rate refers to the percentage of the bait throwing amount in the total weight of the cultured aquatic animals.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in the step (6), the adult shrimp feed fed into the adult shrimp pond comprises shrimp health, and the shrimp and crab vitality treasure is fed every 4-6 days.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in the step (6), the water body is maintained periodically during the cultivation process; specifically, the water body can be maintained by using at least one of a Shuishibao, a sole-protecting device, a Huishibao and a peptide Kangbao every 5-10 days.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for breeding procambarus clarkii, which can realize separation of seedling and cultivation by the separation arrangement of a culture pond and matching with a proper arrangement proportion, reduce management difficulty and cost, and realize quick control of diseases and reduce loss in a disease period; moreover, the area of the fry pond is saved by reasonably setting the area ratio of the fry pond and the shrimp pond in the farm, more shrimp fries are consumed by setting the area of the shrimp pond with larger ratio, the density of the shrimp fries in the fry pond is reduced, and the reasonable breeding density of the shrimp pond is ensured; in the culture process, after the shrimp seedlings are cultured to the required specification, the shrimp seedlings are output to control the density of the shrimp seedlings in the culture pond, so that the shrimp seedlings quickly grow in the culture pond, and the shrimp seedlings are put into the adult shrimp pond at a reasonable density, so that efficient and quick adult shrimp culture is realized; in addition, when the adult shrimps are caught, all the adult shrimps are caught, and no seed shrimps are left in the pond, so that the adult shrimps are not only transferred from the seedling pond to the shrimp culture pond with controllable density, but also have no new shrimp seedlings, so that the adult shrimps are suitable for culture, the adult shrimps are beneficial to culture the early shrimps in a short time, the farmers are helped to rob high prices, the profit is improved, and the method is suitable for the future tendency that the farmers depend on the adult shrimps to earn money.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for culturing procambarus clarkii comprises the following steps:
(1) pool transformation: separate on the plant ground and set up nursery pond and become the shrimp pond, the area in nursery pond is 38 mu, and the area that becomes the shrimp pond is 80 mu, and nursery pond separates through the pool ridge with becoming the shrimp pond, and the inner edge along the pool ridge towards nursery pond in the nursery pond is equipped with annular ditch, and the area of annular ditch accounts for 20% of nursery pond area, and the width of annular ditch is 6m, and the lateral wall slope is 1.5: 1, the bottom width of the annular groove is 1.5 m; the pond ridge is used as an outer ridge of the annular ditch, the bottom width of the pond ridge is 5m, and the surface width of the pond ridge is 2-3 m; the height of the inner ridge of the annular ditch is 30cm, and the width of the inner ridge is about 50 cm; respectively building an independently used water inlet and drainage system in the nursery pond and the adult shrimp pond;
(2) preparation before cultivation: completing pond transformation at the beginning of 7 months, and planting rice in the area of the field surface of the terrace beyond the annular ditch in the seedling culture pond in the middle of 7 months so as to improve the comprehensive benefit; simultaneously, the water peanuts are planted on two side walls of the annular ditch, one cluster of water peanuts is planted at intervals of 3-5 m, and the coverage area of each cluster of water peanuts is 1m2Left and right; before planting the rice, sufficient base fertilizer can be applied at one time, and fertilizer water is prevented from flowing into the annular ditch as much as possible during subsequent topdressing;
(3) seed shrimp throwing: before the breeding shrimps are put in, firstly, using an Aohua 'water protector' (4-6 mu/bottle) to detoxify, and improving the water quality in a breeding pond; putting the seed shrimps in the seedling culture pond from 8 late ten days to 9 early days, and putting 30-40 jin of seed shrimps in each mu; after the breeding shrimps are thrown, the stress reaction of the breeding shrimps after being thrown is eliminated by using a stress device (3 mu/bag), so that the breeding shrimps can adapt to the environment quickly, and the loss is reduced; then entering a breeding period of the seed shrimps;
(4) breeding shrimps and shrimp seedlings: in the breeding period of the breeding shrimps, feeding breeding shrimp materials to the breeding shrimps according to the bait feeding rate of 3-5%, wherein the breeding shrimp materials can be special materials for the breeding shrimps of the Aohuo shrimp or other breeding shrimp materials to promote the healthy development of the hepatopancreas and the gonads of the breeding shrimps and culture robust breeding shrimps and high-quality shrimp seedlings; the breeding shrimps can enter the paddy field to move along with the growth and the closure of the paddy rice. After tillering of rice for 6-7 months is finished and before the tillering is finished, feeding water for 10-20 cm into the breeding pond so as to facilitate the activity and feeding development of breeding shrimps, and feeding the breeding shrimps into the breeding pond after feeding water; after 8-9 months of rice is aligned with ears, feeding is stopped when the water shrimps in the culture area outside the annular ditch in the seedling culture pond enter the hole, and the water level in the annular ditch becomes shallow, so that a small amount of feeding can be continuously fed; before a large number of shrimps enter a hole, the water quality of a circular ditch needs to be maintained, a bottom protection device (10-15 mu/bag) or a water refreshment device (2-3 mu/bag) is used for changing the bottom once every 7-10 days, and the circular ditch is matched with a water protection device (6 mu/bottle) for use if necessary; after a large number of shrimps enter the hole, the feeding can be stopped; after harvesting the rice in 9-10 months, feeding water into the breeding pond, and entering a shrimp fry breeding period until the shrimp fries are bred to 2.5-4 cm; specifically, in the shrimp fry culturing period, feeding shrimp milk powder to the shrimp fries in 11 months, culturing the shrimp fries with the length of less than 2.5cm, and then culturing the shrimp fries to 2.5-4 cm by using lobster babies in 3 months of the next year.
(5) Preparing before culturing in adult shrimp pond: in 12 months or 1-2 months of the next year, feeding water for 50cm into the adult shrimp pond, and then planting the elodea nuttallii, wherein the coverage area of each cluster of the elodea nuttallii is not less than 0.3m2The planting distance is 4m multiplied by 4 m; after 5 days of grass planting, dressing grass fertilizer 'Zhuanggen' (8-10 mu/bag), using the grass fertilizer in clusters once every 5 days to promote the aquatic weeds to grow more roots and reduce later-stage aquatic weeds floating; meanwhile, fast fertilizer (10 mu/bag) is matched, topdressing is carried out once every 15 days, and vigorous growth of aquatic weeds is promoted. And in 3 months of the next year, spotted silver carps are thrown into the adult shrimp ponds according to 10 spotted silver carps per mu, the spotted silver carps are about 1 jin/tail in specification, and the spotted silver carps are used for controlling the reproduction of zooplankton in the water in the low-temperature period and reducing the oxygen consumption.
(6) Catching and releasing shrimp fries: catching shrimp seedlings in two batches from 3 months of the next year, and ending the seedling culture in a seedling culture pond from 5 to 6 months of the next year; and putting the shrimp seedlings caught from the nursery pond into the adult shrimp pond in succession from the middle ten days of 3 months to the last 4 months of the next year, wherein the putting density is 5000-6000 shrimps/mu, and the preferable number of the thrown shrimps is more than 100/jin.
(7) Cultivation management: feeding the adult shrimp feed the next day after the seedlings are placed, wherein the adult shrimp feed can be Aohua high-grade adult shrimp feed 'shrimp healthy' or other adult shrimp feeds; the bait casting rate can be gradually increased according to 3%, 5%, 8% and 10%, the bait casting amount is generally increased every 2-3 days, and when the bait casting rate reaches more than 5%, the bait casting rate can be increased according to the ratio of 3: feeding for 7 minutes twice, wherein feeding can be selected to be 7-8 am for one time, and feeding is performed for 4-5 pm for the other time; the specific feeding amount is flexibly controlled according to the seedling throwing progress, the feeding amount and the weather condition, and the principle is to ensure that the lobsters are full and slightly remained; under the condition of feeding enough adult shrimp feed 'shrimp Ankang', the shrimp grows fast and exuviates frequently, and the 'shrimp and crab Huolibao' can be used once every 5 days or so to promote crust. In addition, regularly maintain the water in the adult shrimp pond in the breed in-process, can use the clear water treasured (2 ~ 3 mu/bag) or protect end treasured (10 ~ 15 mu/bag) to change the end once about every 7 days specifically, cooperate when necessary to protect water treasured (6 ~ 8 mu/bottle) to use, and can regularly use the peptide kangbao after fermenting and transfer water steady water.
(8) Catching adult shrimps: all adult shrimps are caught between late 4 months and early 5 months of the next year, and specifically, 30-section large land cages are used for catching, and 2 cages are placed in each mu; the adult shrimps in the adult shrimp pond are all caught, and no shrimp is left in the pond.
By adopting the culture method, the shrimp seedlings in the nursery pond are caught to the mature shrimps, the yield per mu is 100 shrimp seedlings with the specification of 100 catties/catty, the pond is changed to 4000 catties, the shrimp seedlings are sold with 3980 catties, the benefits of the shrimp seedlings in the pond and the shrimp seedlings are 3150 yuan (the shrimp seedling price is 15 yuan/catty), the acre cost is 1600 yuan, and the profit is 1550 yuan/acre; the stocking amount of shrimp seeds in the finished shrimp pond is 50 jin/mu, the yield of the shrimps per mu is 250 jin, the shrimps can be sold in about 20 days, and the gross benefit per mu is 4250 yuan; the total cost of each item is 2600 yuan (the cost of the transferred shrimp larvae is also included, the costs of feed, animal protection, renting and the like are included), and the profit per mu is 1650 yuan.
Example 2
A method for culturing procambarus clarkii comprises the following steps:
(1) pool transformation: separate on the plant ground and set up nursery pond and become the shrimp pond, the area in nursery pond is 60 mu, and the area that becomes the shrimp pond is 120 mu, and nursery pond separates through the pool ridge with becoming the shrimp pond, and the inner edge along the pool ridge towards nursery pond in the nursery pond is equipped with annular ditch, and the area of annular ditch accounts for 15 ~ 20% of nursery pond area, and the width of annular ditch is 4 ~ 6m, and the lateral wall slope is 1.5: 1, the bottom width of the annular groove is 1-1.5 m; the pond ridge is used as an outer ridge of the annular ditch, the bottom width of the pond ridge is 5-6 m, and the surface width of the pond ridge is 2-3 m; the height of the inner ridge of the annular ditch is 30cm, and the width of the inner ridge is about 50 cm; respectively building an independently used water inlet and drainage system in the nursery pond and the adult shrimp pond;
(2) preparation before cultivation: planting rice in the area of the terrace field surface outside the annular ditch in the seedling pool in the last 6 th month; simultaneously, the water peanuts are planted on two side walls of the annular ditch, one cluster of water peanuts is planted at intervals of 3-5 m, and the coverage area of each cluster of water peanuts is 1m2Left and right; before planting the rice, sufficient base fertilizer can be applied at one time, and fertilizer water is prevented from flowing into the annular ditch as much as possible during subsequent topdressing;
(3) seed shrimp throwing: before the breeding shrimps are put in, firstly, using an Aohua 'water protector' (4-6 mu/bottle) to detoxify, and improving the water quality in a breeding pond; putting seed shrimps in the breeding pond in the last ten days of 6 months, and putting 30-40 jin of seed shrimps per mu; after the breeding shrimps are thrown, the stress reaction of the breeding shrimps after being thrown is eliminated by using a stress device (3 mu/bag), so that the breeding shrimps can adapt to the environment quickly, and the loss is reduced; then entering a breeding period of the seed shrimps;
(4) breeding shrimps and shrimp seedlings: in the breeding period of the breeding shrimps, feeding breeding shrimp materials to the breeding shrimps according to the bait feeding rate of 3-5%, wherein the breeding shrimp materials can be special materials for the breeding shrimps of the Aohuo shrimp or other breeding shrimp materials to promote the healthy development of the hepatopancreas and the gonads of the breeding shrimps and culture robust breeding shrimps and high-quality shrimp seedlings; the breeding shrimps can enter the paddy field to move along with the growth and the closure of the paddy rice. After tillering of rice is finished and before the tillering of rice is finished in 6-7 months, feeding water in the breeding pond by 10-20 cm so as to facilitate the activity and feeding development of breeding shrimps, and feeding the breeding shrimps into the breeding pond after feeding water; after 8-9 months of rice is aligned, feeding shallow shrimps in the culture area outside the annular ditch in the seedling culture pond, stopping feeding, and continuously feeding a small amount of feed when the water level in the annular ditch becomes shallow; before a large number of shrimps enter a hole, the water quality of a circular ditch needs to be maintained, a bottom protection device (10-15 mu/bag) or a water refreshment device (2-3 mu/bag) is used for changing the bottom once every 7-10 days, and the circular ditch is matched with a water protection device (6 mu/bottle) for use if necessary; after a large number of shrimps enter the hole, the feeding can be stopped; after harvesting the rice for 9-10 months, adding water into the breeding pond, and entering a shrimp fry breeding period until the shrimp fries are bred to 2.5-4 cm; specifically, in the shrimp fry culturing period, shrimp milk powder is fed to the shrimp fries from 9-10 months, the shrimp fries with the length of less than 2.5cm are cultured, and the shrimp fries can be cultured to 2.5-4 cm by using lobsters from 10 months to 3 months of the next year.
(5) Preparing before culturing in adult shrimp pond: in the next 1-2 months of the year, feeding water for 30-50 cm into the adult shrimp pond, and then planting the waterweeds, wherein the coverage area of each cluster of waterweeds is not less than 0.3m2The planting distance is 4m multiplied by 4 m; after 5 days of grass planting, dressing grass fertilizer 'Zhuanggen' (8-10 mu/bag), using the grass fertilizer in clusters once every 5 days to promote the aquatic weeds to grow more roots and reduce later-stage aquatic weeds floating; meanwhile, fast fertilizer (10 mu/bag) is matched, topdressing is carried out once every 15 days, and vigorous growth of aquatic weeds is promoted. And in 3 months and in the next year, putting spotted silver carps into the adult shrimp pond according to 10 kg/mu and silver carps according to 5 kg/mu, wherein the specifications are about 1 kg/mu, and the spotted silver carps are used for controlling the reproduction of zooplanktons in the water in the low-temperature period and reducing the oxygen consumption.
(6) Catching and releasing shrimp fries: starting the shrimp catching seedlings in the middle ten days of 3 months in the next year, and ending the seedling raising and cultivation in the seedling raising pond by the beginning of 6 months in the next year; and putting the shrimp seedlings caught from the nursery pond into the adult shrimp pond from 3 late ten days to 4 early days of the next year, wherein the putting density is 5000-6000 shrimps/mu, and the specification of the thrown shrimp seedlings is 80-120 shrimps/jin.
(7) Cultivation management: feeding the adult shrimp feed the next day after the seedlings are placed, wherein the adult shrimp feed can be Aohua high-grade adult shrimp feed 'shrimp healthy' or other adult shrimp feeds; the bait casting rate can be gradually increased according to 3%, 5%, 8% and 10%, the bait casting amount is generally increased every 2-3 days, and when the bait casting rate reaches more than 5%, the bait casting rate can be increased according to the ratio of 3: feeding for 7 minutes twice, wherein feeding can be selected to be 7-8 am for one time, and feeding is performed for 4-5 pm for the other time; the specific feeding amount is flexibly controlled according to the seedling throwing progress, the feeding and the weather condition, the principle is that the lobsters are full and slightly remained, and the feeding can be carried out while the materials are mixed for oral administration, namely 'Zhengchangbao' and 'Jiuyibao' for improving the physique and promoting the growth; under the condition of feeding enough adult shrimp feed 'shrimp Ankang', the shrimp grows fast and exuviates frequently, and the 'shrimp and crab Huolibao' can be used once every 5 days or so to promote crust. In addition, regularly maintain the water in the adult shrimp pond in the breed in-process, can use the clear water treasured (2 ~ 3 mu/bag) or protect end treasured (10 ~ 15 mu/bag) to change the end once about every 7 days specifically, cooperate when necessary to protect water treasured (6 ~ 8 mu/bottle) to use, and can regularly use the peptide kangbao after fermenting and transfer water steady water.
(8) Catching adult shrimps: all adult shrimps are caught between the middle ten days of the next 4 months and the last 5 months, specifically, 30-section large land cages are used for catching, and 4 cages are placed in each mu; the adult shrimps in the adult shrimp pond are all caught, and no shrimp is left in the pond.
By adopting the culture method, the shrimp seeds are caught from the shrimp seedling raising pond to the shrimp adult pond, 15000 jin of shrimp seeds are gathered for sale and transferred to the pond, the yield per mu is 250 jin, the seedling selling and transferring gross benefit per mu is 3500 yuan (average price is 14 yuan/jin), the cost is 1400 yuan/mu, and the profit per mu is 2100 yuan; 6000 jin of grown shrimp seedlings are put in the grown shrimp pond, from the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, 24000 jin of grown shrimps are obtained, the yield per mu is 200 jin of large-scale grown shrimps, the benefit per mu is 3200 yuan, the total cost per mu is 1600 yuan (the cost of the transferred shrimp seedlings is calculated), and the profit per mu is 1600 yuan.
Claims (10)
1. The method for breeding the procambarus clarkii is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) site construction, including: arranging a seedling raising pond and a shrimp forming pond on the field, wherein the seedling raising pond and the shrimp forming pond are separated by a pond ridge; the nursery pond accounts for 25-35% of the total area of the culture field, and the shrimp forming pond accounts for 65-75% of the total area of the culture field; an annular ditch is arranged in the seedling raising pond along the pond ridge towards the inner edge of the seedling raising pond;
(2) preparing before breeding, comprising: planting waterweeds on two side walls of the annular ditch;
(3) seed shrimp is put in, include: putting seed shrimps into the nursery pond in the ten days from 6 months to 9 months, and putting 50-70 jin per mu;
(4) breeding shrimps and shrimp seedlings, comprising: feeding water into the seedling raising pool in 6-7 months; feeding is continued or stopped in the annular groove after 8-9 months, and feeding is stopped in the region outside the annular groove in the seedling raising pool; feeding water into the breeding pond for 9-10 months, entering a shrimp seedling breeding period, and breeding the shrimp seedlings to 2.5-4 cm;
(5) preparing before culturing in an adult shrimp pond, comprising: in 12 months or 1-2 months of the next year, feeding water into the mature shrimp pond, and planting water plants;
(6) catching shrimp larvae, releasing the larvae and culturing, comprising: catching shrimp seedlings from 3 months of the next year, and ending the seedling culture in a seedling culture pond from 5 to 6 months of the next year; and in the middle ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months of the next year, putting shrimp seedlings into the mature shrimp pond in sequence, wherein the putting density is 5000-6000 tails/mu; then adult shrimp culture is carried out;
(7) adult shrimp fishing, comprising: all adult shrimps are caught between late 4 months and early 5 months of the next year, and no shrimps are left in the pond.
2. The method for cultivating the procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the annular groove accounts for 17-25% of the area of the seedling culture pond, the width of the annular groove is 2-6 m, and the slope of the side wall is 1: 1 or more; the bottom width of the pond ridge is greater than or equal to 4m, and the surface width is greater than or equal to 2 m; the height of the inner ridge of the annular ditch is 20-30 cm, and the surface width is 45-55 cm.
3. The method for cultivating procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, wherein the preparation before cultivation in step (2) further comprises: and planting rice in the region outside the annular ditch in the seedling raising pond.
4. The method for culturing procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), before the breeding of the procambarus clarkii, the water quality is conditioned; after the breeding shrimps are fed, the stress reaction of the breeding shrimps is eliminated by using the stress promoter, so that the breeding shrimps can adapt to the environment quickly.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the aquatic weeds in steps (2) and (5) are independently selected from at least one of peanut, waterweed and water hyacinth.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the method of cultivating procambarus clarkii is performed in a manner that is consistent with the present inventionIn the step (2), a cluster of aquatic weeds is planted at intervals of 3-5 m, and the coverage area of each cluster of aquatic weeds is 0.5-2 m2(ii) a In the step (5), the coverage area of each cluster of aquatic weeds is not less than 0.3m2The planting distance is (3-5 m) × (3-5) m.
7. The method for culturing procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the breeding shrimp feed is fed according to the feeding amount of 3-5% in the breeding period of the breeding shrimps; feeding water in the seedling raising pool for 10-20 cm in 6-7 months, and feeding breeding shrimp feed into the seedling raising pool; in 8-9 months, the seedling raising pond is drained until the water level in the annular ditch is 25-35 cm lower than the field surface outside the annular ditch of the seedling raising pond, feeding is continued to the annular ditch, and feeding is stopped in the culture area except the annular ditch in the seedling raising pond; at least one of a bottom protection device, a water cooling device and a water protection device is used every 7-10 days to maintain the water quality of the annular ditch; and (5) feeding water into the breeding pond after 9-10 months, and entering a shrimp seedling breeding period.
8. The method for cultivating the procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), bighead carp and/or silver carp with the specification of 0.8-1.5 jin/tail are thrown into the adult shrimp pond in 3 months of the next year; the putting amount of bighead carps is 8-12 fish/mu, and the putting amount of silver carps is 4-6 fish/mu.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein before the bighead carp and/or the silver carp are/is released, the water is fertilized to increase the dissolved oxygen in the water in the adult shrimp pond.
10. The method for culturing procambarus clarkii according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in the step (6), the finished shrimp feed is fed into the finished shrimp pond during the finished shrimp culturing process, the feeding rate is gradually increased, and when the feeding rate reaches 5% or more, the finished shrimp feed is fed in two times, wherein the feeding rate is 25 to 35% of the daily feeding amount in the morning and 65 to 75% of the daily feeding amount in the afternoon.
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| CN104969891A (en) * | 2015-07-19 | 2015-10-14 | 华中农业大学 | Breeding method of one-year double-cropping seedlings in rice field of procambarus clarkii |
| CN105660497A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-06-15 | 杨彪 | Culture method of crayfish |
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| CN104969891A (en) * | 2015-07-19 | 2015-10-14 | 华中农业大学 | Breeding method of one-year double-cropping seedlings in rice field of procambarus clarkii |
| CN105660497A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-06-15 | 杨彪 | Culture method of crayfish |
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