CN111011208A - Method for screening salt-tolerant cotton varieties - Google Patents
Method for screening salt-tolerant cotton varieties Download PDFInfo
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- CN111011208A CN111011208A CN201911239168.7A CN201911239168A CN111011208A CN 111011208 A CN111011208 A CN 111011208A CN 201911239168 A CN201911239168 A CN 201911239168A CN 111011208 A CN111011208 A CN 111011208A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for screening salt-tolerant cotton varieties, and relates to the technical field of cotton variety screening. The salt tolerance of cotton varieties is screened by setting a plurality of contrast dimensions, seeds are screened at the highest salt concentration of actual soil, then lethal concentration determination is carried out on the bud stage of cotton by utilizing a plurality of salt concentrations, 80% of varieties with low salt tolerance are further eliminated, finally, the remaining 20% of varieties are planted in normal saline-alkali soil, and the property indexes of leaves and roots in two-leaf stage are compared. The method carries out primary screening in the germination stage, secondary screening in the bud stage and final screening in the seedling stage, combines the characteristics of different salt tolerance of cotton in the bud stage and the seedling stage to carry out comprehensive screening, and selects the culture medium as the saline-alkali soil of the location, so that the growth condition of the cotton is closer to the real environment, and therefore, the obtained data is more scientific, reliable and accurate, the stability is good, and the screening period is shorter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for screening salt-tolerant cotton varieties, and relates to the technical field of cotton variety screening.
Background
Cotton is the most important economic crop in China, and is also the pioneer crop planted in saline-alkali soil. Along with the reduction of the cultivated land area, the cotton planting is gradually concentrated to saline-alkali soil, so that the cultivation of salt-tolerant varieties and the improvement of the cotton yield of the saline-alkali soil become the main attack direction of the cotton production. The existing research shows that the germination and seedling stage is the stage with the weakest salt tolerance of cotton, and the salt tolerance screening can be carried out on the material in the seed germination stage and the seedling stage. In the germination period, the salt treatment delays the germination time, reduces the germination rate and limits the elongation of hypocotyl length and root length by influencing the water absorption expansion of cotton seeds, and the stress is more serious when the salt concentration is higher. However, the research of the Wangjunjuan and the like believes that the low-concentration salt treatment has little influence on the germination rate and the germination vigor of salt-tolerant cotton seeds, and the germination vigor of salt-sensitive varieties is improved. The mechanism of salt damage in the seedling stage is relatively complex, the change trends in aspects such as substance accumulation, root system physiology, photosynthetic physiology, osmotic adjustment and the like of cotton in the seedling stage under salt treatment are researched by predecessors, and the change of corresponding indexes along with the change of salt stress concentration and stress time is found. The salt tolerance identification of cotton has been reported at home and abroad, although partial resistant varieties are screened out, the identification indexes adopted by researchers are not consistent, the salt tolerance mechanisms of different varieties are not the same, and the specific indexes expressed by the salt tolerance are also not the same.
Therefore, the salt tolerance of the cotton in a single period cannot be accurately measured, and the evaluation must be carried out by integrating the comprehensive performances of two salt-tolerant sensitive periods of the cotton, namely the germination period and the seedling period.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for screening salt-tolerant cotton varieties, which is scientific, reliable, accurate, good in stability and short in screening period.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for screening salt-tolerant cotton varieties is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting plump seeds from 10 different cotton varieties, delinting and soaking the cotton seeds;
s2, measuring the salt content of the saline-alkali soil of the location, testing multiple regions and multiple terrains to obtain the sudden highest salt concentration of the saline-alkali soil of the location;
s3, selecting saline-alkali soil with the highest salt concentration as a culture medium, sterilizing the saline-alkali soil, placing the sterilized saline-alkali soil in a climate chamber, planting the cotton seeds on the saline-alkali soil culture medium, arranging an atomizer in the climate chamber, and filling distilled water in the atomizer, wherein the atomizer can spray regularly according to set time so as to maintain the salt concentration of the culture medium;
s4, removing the non-germinating variety, preparing a plurality of gradient salt solution culture mediums higher than the highest salt concentration of the original saline-alkali soil, grouping seeds of each variety, processing according to the method in the step 1, planting the seeds in the multi-gradient salt solution culture mediums respectively, measuring the semi-lethal concentration of each variety, comparing the semi-lethal concentrations of the varieties, selecting the variety with the highest semi-lethal concentration of 20%, transplanting the variety to a greenhouse for planting, measuring and recording the characteristics of leaves and roots of each variety in the two-leaf period, and selecting the variety with higher characteristic indexes as the target salt-tolerant variety.
Preferably, the cotton seeds are delinted with sulfuric acid and then soaked with the antimicrobial "401" warm soup.
Preferably, the salt solution in step 4 is NaCl: na (Na)2CO3:NaHO32:1:1 aqueous solution.
Preferably, the saline-alkali soil in the steps 3 and 4 is subjected to high-temperature sterilization and then subpackaged to prepare a saline-alkali soil culture medium.
Preferably, the various property indexes are numerical values of plant height, root dry weight, leaf size and overground part dry weight in a two-leaf period.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method comprises the steps of screening seeds by setting a plurality of comparison dimensions, then determining lethal concentration of the bud stage of the cotton by utilizing a plurality of salt concentrations, further eliminating 80% of varieties with low salt tolerance, finally planting the remaining 20% of varieties in normal saline-alkali soil, and comparing character data of leaves and roots in two leaf stages of seedling stage. Because the concentration of the culture medium is the highest salt concentration of the soil of the locus during the screening in the germination stage, the screened variety can adapt to all soils of the locus.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
A method for screening salt-tolerant cotton varieties comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting plump seeds from 10 different cotton varieties, delinting and soaking the cotton seeds;
s2, measuring the salt content of the saline-alkali soil of the location, testing multiple regions and multiple terrains to obtain the sudden highest salt concentration of the saline-alkali soil of the location;
s3, selecting saline-alkali soil with the highest salt concentration as a culture medium, sterilizing the saline-alkali soil, placing the sterilized saline-alkali soil in a climate chamber, planting cotton seeds on the saline-alkali soil culture medium, arranging an atomizer in the climate chamber, filling distilled water in the atomizer, and spraying the atomizer at regular time according to set time to maintain the salt concentration of the culture medium;
s4, removing the non-germinating variety, preparing a plurality of gradient salt solution culture mediums higher than the highest salt concentration of the original saline-alkali soil, grouping seeds of each variety, processing according to the method in the step 1, planting the seeds in the multi-gradient salt solution culture mediums respectively, measuring the semi-lethal concentration of each variety, comparing the semi-lethal concentrations of the varieties, selecting the variety with the highest semi-lethal concentration of 20%, transplanting the variety to a greenhouse for planting, measuring and recording the characteristics of leaves and roots of each variety in the two-leaf period, and selecting the variety with higher characteristic indexes as the target salt-tolerant variety.
Delinting cotton seeds with sulfuric acid, and soaking the cotton seeds in the warm soup of the antibacterial agent 401.
In the step 4, the salt solution is NaCl: na (Na)2CO3:NaHO32:1:1 aqueous solution.
And (4) sterilizing the saline-alkali soil in the steps 3 and 4 at high temperature, and subpackaging to prepare the saline-alkali soil culture medium.
The various property indexes are numerical values of plant height, root dry weight, leaf size and overground part dry weight in a two-leaf period.
Examples
Screening of salt-tolerant cotton varieties
S1, selecting plump seeds from 10 different cotton varieties, delinting and soaking the cotton seeds;
selection of cotton varieties:
variety of Lu cotton
Shandong cotton No. 11: cultivated by the research center of the cotton in Shandong province, and belongs to the middle-aged upland cotton variety. High yield, high fiber quality meeting the requirement of textile industry, and certain yield increasing potential in the year with light verticillium wilt or in the field.
Number 12 of Shandong cotton: the cotton bred by the research center of Shandong province belongs to the cotton variety with medium maturity, early maturity and low phenol. High quality, resisting withering and verticillium wilt. Is suitable for spring sowing in Shandong cotton areas or big ridge spring interplanting of wheat and cotton.
Shandong cotton No. 13: the Shandong province seed management station is involved in first generation breeding, and belongs to the first generation hybrid of middle-aged upland cotton bred by using male sterile line. The variety has good comprehensive properties, the fiber quality meets the requirements of the textile industry, is an ideal popularization variety at present in Shandong province, and is suitable for spring interplanting or direct seeding of wheat and cotton in disease-free areas.
Variety of Yu Cotton
Yu Cotton No. 4: cultivated by the academy of agricultural sciences of Henan province, and belongs to the intermediate-maturing upland cotton variety for resisting blight. The variety is examined in 1989 and 1991 in Henan and China respectively, has good earliness and comprehensive properties, high yield and quality, meets the requirements of textile industry, and is suitable for planting in cotton regions at the downstream of the yellow river. 57 ten thousand mu are planted in 1993 in Henan province.
Yu Cotton No. 9: cultivated by the institute of agricultural academy in Henan province, and belongs to the early-maturing upland cotton variety. The premature shape is prominent, the blooming rate is high, the yield is high and stable, various indexes of the fiber quality are coordinated, the requirements of textile industry are met, and the fiber is resistant to withering and verticillium wilt. Is suitable for wheat and cotton double cropping summer cover planting in Huang-Huai-Hai region. The variety passes the national approval in 1993.
Xinjiang cotton variety
New Luzao No. 1: the Xinjiang rock river is bred at a test station, belongs to an extra-early-maturing upland cotton variety, and passes through national approval in 1991. The variety is early-maturing, high in yield, high in quality and suitable for being planted in the cotton region in northwest inland. 182 ten thousand mu are planted in Xinjiang in 1993.
Cotton variety "Zhongji" type
Middle cotton plant 12: medium-maturing upland cotton variety. The first disease-resistant variety with the yield and quality reaching and exceeding the conventional high-yield variety in China. The method finishes the situation that the disease-resistant quality is disjointed and separated from the conventional quality in cotton breeding, district testing, breeding and production in China, promotes the development of cotton varieties towards the direction of dual resistance, high yield and high quality, covers the cotton areas of Huanghe, Changjiang river and Xinjiang inland in China, and is the variety with the longest duration and the largest planting area and accumulated area in the self-breeding cotton varieties in China.
16, middle cotton plant: early maturity, disease resistance and high quality, and is suitable for being planted as wheat and summer cotton in Huang-Huai-Hai cotton areas. The cotton is white in fiber, long and thin in velvet, can be spun into high-quality yarns and fabrics, can resist blight and verticillium wilt, can be planted in cotton fields with diseases, and is a great scientific and technological popularization result of the national ministry of science and industry and agriculture.
Jin cotton No. 11 in shanxi province and xiang cotton No. 10 in hunan province.
Delinting cotton seeds with sulfuric acid, and soaking the cotton seeds in the warm soup of the antibacterial agent 401.
Seeds are selected according to the equal quantity, the number of the seeds is 10 seeds of each variety in the experimental process, sulfuric acid is used for delinting, and then the seeds are soaked in the warm soup of the antibacterial agent 401 and are marked.
S2, measuring the salt content of the saline-alkali soil of the location, testing multiple regions and multiple terrains to obtain the sudden highest salt concentration of the saline-alkali soil of the location;
determination of salt content in soil
Analyzing the content of water-soluble total salt in the soil by adopting 3 methods, namely a residue drying-mass method, an eight-large ion determination method and an eight-large ion subtraction method, wherein the three methods all adopt soil leaching liquor with the water-soil ratio of 5: 1;
drying residues-a mass method: and (3) absorbing a certain volume of soil leaching liquor, drying the soil leaching liquor by evaporation in a water bath, placing the soil leaching liquor in a drying oven to be dried to constant mass, and weighing to calculate the water-soluble total salt content of the soil.
Eight large ion assay: the method for measuring the content of each ion in the soil leaching solution is CO3 2-And HC03-Neutralization titration with double indicator, S04 2-By the EDTA volumetric method, C1-By AgNO3Titration method, Ca2+And Mg2+By EDTA complex titration, Na+And K+Adopting a flame photometry, wherein the total salt content of the soil is the sum of eight ion contents;
testing multiple regions and multiple terrains to obtain the sudden highest salt concentration of the saline-alkali soil at the place;
s3, selecting saline-alkali soil with the highest salt concentration as a culture medium, sterilizing the saline-alkali soil, placing the sterilized saline-alkali soil in a climate chamber, planting cotton seeds on the saline-alkali soil culture medium, arranging an atomizer in the climate chamber, filling distilled water in the atomizer, and spraying the atomizer at regular time according to set time to maintain the salt concentration of the culture medium;
culturing the cotton seeds selected in the step S1 in the selected culture medium, respectively marking and culturing the cotton seeds, grouping the cotton seeds according to seed varieties, dividing the cotton seeds into 10 groups, respectively numbering and naming the groups, arranging an atomizer in a climate chamber, filling distilled water in the atomizer, and regularly spraying the atomizer according to set time to maintain the salt concentration of the culture medium;
s4, removing the non-germinated varieties, wherein the non-germinated varieties are screened out firstly under the culture conditions;
preparing a salt solution culture medium with a plurality of gradients higher than the highest salt concentration of the original saline-alkali soil, wherein the salt solution is prepared by taking NaCl: na (Na)2CO3:NaHO32:1:1 in water;
after being grouped, the seeds of each variety are treated according to the method in the step 1 and then are respectively planted in a multi-gradient salt solution culture medium, the semi-lethal concentration of each variety is measured, the semi-lethal concentration of each variety is compared, the variety with the highest semi-lethal concentration of 20 percent is selected and transplanted to a greenhouse for planting, the characteristics of the leaves and the roots of each variety in the two-leaf period are measured and recorded, and the variety with higher characteristic indexes is selected as a target salt-tolerant variety.
And (4) sterilizing the saline-alkali soil in the steps 3 and 4 at high temperature, and subpackaging to prepare the saline-alkali soil culture medium.
The various property indexes are numerical values of plant height, root dry weight, leaf size and overground part dry weight in a two-leaf period.
The salt-tolerant cotton varieties are screened by the steps, the salt tolerance of the cotton varieties is screened by setting a plurality of contrast dimensions, seeds are screened according to the highest salt concentration of actual soil, then the lethal concentration of the cotton at the bud stage is determined by utilizing a plurality of salt concentrations, 80% of varieties with low salt tolerance are further eliminated, finally, 20% of the remaining varieties are planted in normal saline-alkali soil, and the character data of leaves at two leaf stages and the character data of saline-alkali soil at the seedling stage are compared, the primary screening is carried out at the germination stage, the secondary screening is carried out at the bud stage, the final screening is carried out at the seedling stage, the comprehensive screening is carried out by combining the characteristics of different salt tolerance of the cotton at the bud stage and the seedling stage, the culture medium selected by the invention is the soil of the location, the growth condition of the cotton is closer to the real environment, therefore, the obtained data are more scientific, reliable and accurate, and the stability is good, the screening period is short. Because the concentration of the culture medium is the highest salt concentration of the soil of the locus during the screening in the germination stage, the screened variety can adapt to all soils of the locus.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for screening salt-tolerant cotton varieties is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting plump seeds from 10 different cotton varieties, delinting and soaking the cotton seeds;
s2, measuring the salt content of the saline-alkali soil of the location, testing multiple regions and multiple terrains to obtain the sudden highest salt concentration of the saline-alkali soil of the location;
s3, selecting saline-alkali soil with the highest salt concentration as a culture medium, sterilizing the saline-alkali soil, placing the sterilized saline-alkali soil in a climate chamber, planting the cotton seeds on the saline-alkali soil culture medium, arranging an atomizer in the climate chamber, and filling distilled water in the atomizer, wherein the atomizer can spray regularly according to set time so as to maintain the salt concentration of the culture medium;
s4, removing the non-germinating variety, preparing a plurality of gradient salt solution culture mediums higher than the highest salt concentration of the original saline-alkali soil, grouping seeds of each variety, processing according to the method in the step 1, planting the seeds in the multi-gradient salt solution culture mediums respectively, measuring the semi-lethal concentration of each variety, comparing the semi-lethal concentrations of the varieties, selecting the variety with the highest semi-lethal concentration of 20%, transplanting the variety to a greenhouse for planting, measuring and recording the characteristics of leaves and roots of each variety in the two-leaf period, and selecting the variety with higher characteristic indexes as the target salt-tolerant variety.
2. The method for screening salt-tolerant cotton varieties according to claim 1, wherein the cotton seeds are delinted with sulfuric acid and then soaked with the antibacterial agent "401" warm soup.
3. The method for screening salt-tolerant cotton varieties according to claim 1, wherein the salt solution in the step 4 is a salt solution prepared from NaCl: na (Na)2CO3:NaHO3Aqueous solution was prepared at 2:1: 1.
4. The method for screening salt-tolerant cotton varieties according to claim 1, wherein the saline-alkali soil in the steps 3 and 4 is sterilized at high temperature and then subpackaged to prepare a saline-alkali soil culture medium.
5. The method for screening the salt-tolerant cotton variety according to claim 1, wherein the various property indexes are numerical values of plant height, dry root weight, leaf size and dry overground part weight in a two-leaf period.
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