CN111000596B - Alimentary canal tumour biopsy sampler - Google Patents
Alimentary canal tumour biopsy sampler Download PDFInfo
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- CN111000596B CN111000596B CN202010077982.XA CN202010077982A CN111000596B CN 111000596 B CN111000596 B CN 111000596B CN 202010077982 A CN202010077982 A CN 202010077982A CN 111000596 B CN111000596 B CN 111000596B
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- transmission
- movable platform
- fixed
- top plate
- wheel
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- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
- XBWAZCLHZCFCGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2h-1,4-benzodiazepin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2[NH+](C)CCN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XBWAZCLHZCFCGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000002699 Digestive System Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B10/02—Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
- A61B10/0233—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments
- A61B10/0283—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments with vacuum aspiration, e.g. caused by retractable plunger or by connected syringe
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a digestive tract tumor biopsy sampler, which comprises a movable platform arranged above a sickbed, wherein an installation assembly for fixing with the sickbed is arranged below the movable platform, a puncture needle for penetrating through a digestive tract is connected above the movable platform, the puncture needle is arranged in a lifting mechanism arranged on the movable platform, the top plate of the lifting mechanism is connected with a pump suction assembly for sucking tumor tissue fluid, and the pump suction assembly is connected with the lifting mechanism through a transmission mechanism. Thereby roof and extensible member follow external member inner wall oscilaltion and the drive pjncture needle is followed the oscilaltion and is visited into the patient internal, and with the help of gear and the work of fixed spur rack effect drive one-way transmission subassembly when roof and pjncture needle go up and down, the impeller in the one-way transmission subassembly drives the micropump rotates when the pjncture needle moves down and inserts in the tumour and pumps tumour tissue liquid, and the micropump is out of work when the pjncture needle shifts up to realize puncture and the integrative function of biopsy sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a medical instrument, in particular to a sampler for digestive tract tumor biopsy.
Background
The tumor biopsy is to take a small amount of tissues (according to different conditions, clamping, cutting, excising or puncture suction and other methods can be adopted) from a tumor part of a patient to prepare pathological sections, observe the forms of tumor cells and tissue structures under a microscope, determine the properties, the histological types, the differentiation degree and the like of tumors, and provide reliable basis for clinical treatment.
In the process of digestive tract tumor biopsy, the puncture needle penetrates through tumors in a body cavity to extract secretions for assay, most of the existing digestive tract tumor biopsy needs to be completed in two steps, the puncture needle penetration is realized, other auxiliary equipment is used for sucking tumor tissue liquid to perform biopsy sampling, and the steps are complex.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a biopsy sampler for digestive tract tumors.
The invention overcomes the technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme, and specifically comprises the following steps: the utility model provides a alimentary canal tumour biopsy sampler, is including setting up the movable platform in the sick bed top, the movable platform below is provided with and is used for the installation component fixed with the sick bed the top of movable platform is connected with the pjncture needle that is used for piercing through the alimentary canal, just the pjncture needle is installed in setting up among the last elevating system of movable platform, the elevating system roof is connected with the pump that is used for pumping tumour tissue liquid and inhales the subassembly, it passes through drive mechanism and connects to inhale the subassembly elevating system. The lifting mechanism comprises a kit fixed on the movable platform, a telescopic piece sleeved on the kit in a sliding manner, a top plate fixed at the top of the telescopic piece and fixed with the puncture needle, and a power device used for driving the telescopic piece and the top plate to slide and lift along the inner wall of the kit. The power device comprises an air cylinder and a piston rod, the air cylinder is installed on the outer wall of the sleeve, the piston rod is connected with the air cylinder in a sealing sliding mode, the top of the piston rod is fixedly connected with the top plate, and the air cylinder is communicated with the air pump through an air pipe.
As a still further scheme of the invention: drive mechanism is including fixing spur rack on the external wall of external member, rotate to set up the roof below and with spur rack meshing's gear, connect through first transmission piece the one-way transmission subassembly of gear and be used for connecting the one-way transmission subassembly with the second transmission piece of pumping the subassembly, wherein, the one-way transmission subassembly with the gear is all installed and is fixed in the installed part lower part of roof below.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the one-way transmission assembly comprises a ratchet wheel which is rotatably arranged at the lower part of the mounting piece and is connected with the first transmission piece, a transmission wheel which is rotatably connected with the ratchet wheel and is connected with the second transmission piece, and ratchets which are used for connecting the ratchet wheel and the transmission wheel, wherein the ratchets are rotatably arranged on the ratchet wheel through elastic pieces.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the pumping assembly comprises a micro pump arranged on the top plate, an impeller which is rotatably arranged in the micro pump and connected with the second transmission piece, and a conduit communicated with the inlet of the micro pump and the upper opening of the puncture needle, wherein the puncture needle is a hollow needle, and a plurality of capillary holes are formed in the circumference of the lower part of the puncture needle.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the mounting assembly comprises a lifting rod, a support rod, a clamping piece and a fixing wheel, wherein the lifting rod is mounted on one side below the movable platform through a bearing, the support rod is sleeved with the lifting rod in a sliding mode, the clamping piece is fixed to the lower portion of the support rod and used for being clamped and fixed with the edge of a sickbed, and the fixing wheel is arranged on the upper portion of the support rod and used for fixing the lifting rod.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and a fastening bolt for fixing the clamping piece and the bed frame is arranged below the clamping piece.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the fixed wheel is fixed with a lead screw which penetrates through the supporting rod and is in threaded connection with the supporting rod.
After adopting the structure, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the device drives the roof and the extensible member to ascend and descend along the inner wall of the external member through the power device so as to drive the puncture needle to follow the ascending and descending to probe into the patient, the roof and the puncture needle ascend and descend while driving the one-way transmission assembly to work under the action of the gear and the fixed spur rack, the one-way transmission assembly drives the impeller in the micropump to rotate when the puncture needle moves downwards to insert into the tumor to suck the tumor tissue fluid, the micropump does not work when the puncture needle moves upwards, and therefore the puncture and biopsy sampling integrated function is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sampler for biopsy of tumors in digestive tract.
FIG. 2 is a close-up view of the drive mechanism in the biopsy sampler for digestive tract tumors.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a unidirectional transmission assembly in the biopsy sampler for digestive tract tumor.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a kit and a spur rack in the digestive tract tumor biopsy sampler.
FIG. 5 is a close-up view of the needle and capillary holes of the sampler for digestive tract tumor biopsy.
In the figure: 1-a movable platform; 2-a kit; 3-a top plate; 4-a telescoping member; 5-air cylinder; 6-a piston rod; 7-puncture needle; 8-straight rack; 9-a mounting member; 10-a gear; 11-a first transmission member; 12-a ratchet wheel; 13-a ratchet; 14-an elastic member; 15-a transmission wheel; 16-a second transmission member; 17-a micro pump; 18-a catheter; 19-a support rod; 20-a lifting rod; 21-a fixed wheel; 22-snap-on element.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in an embodiment of the present invention, a sampler for gastrointestinal tumor biopsy includes a movable platform 1 disposed above a patient bed, a mounting assembly disposed below the movable platform 1 for fixing with the patient bed, a puncture needle 7 connected above the movable platform 1 for penetrating through the gastrointestinal tract, the puncture needle 7 being mounted in a lifting mechanism disposed on the movable platform 1, a top plate of the lifting mechanism being connected to a pump suction assembly for sucking tumor tissue fluid, the pump suction assembly being connected to the lifting mechanism through a transmission mechanism.
When the lifting mechanism drives the puncture needle 7 to move downwards to penetrate through the alimentary canal of a patient, the moving lifting mechanism drives the transmission mechanism to drive the transmission mechanism to act, the transmission mechanism drives the pump pumping assembly to work to pump out the tumor tissue fluid penetrated by the puncture needle 7, so that the integrated functions of puncture and biopsy sampling are realized, the height and the position of the puncture needle 7 can be adjusted under the matching of the mounting assembly, and the biopsy sampling of the alimentary canal tumors at different parts is facilitated.
The lifting mechanism comprises a sleeve 2 fixed on the movable platform 1, a telescopic part 4 slidably sleeved on the sleeve 2, a top plate 3 fixed on the top of the telescopic part 4 and fixed with a puncture needle 7, and a power device for driving the telescopic part 4 and the top plate 3 to slide and lift along the inner wall of the sleeve 2;
the power device can be an electric power device, a pneumatic power device and a hydraulic power device, and when the power device drives the top plate 3 and the telescopic piece 4 to move up and down along the inner wall of the sleeve 2, the puncture needle 7 is driven to move up and down along with the inner wall of the sleeve, so that the biopsy sampling is carried out by penetrating the body of the patient.
The power device comprises a cylinder 5 installed on the outer wall of the sleeve piece 2 and a piston rod 6 connected with the cylinder 5 in a sealing and sliding mode, the top of the piston rod 6 is fixedly connected with the top plate 3, the cylinder 5 is communicated with the air pump through an air pipe, and when the air pump works, pumping air in the cylinder 5 increases pressure or pumping air out of the cylinder 5 reduces pressure, so that the piston rod 6 is driven to stretch under the air pressure power, and then the puncture needle 7 is driven to penetrate into the body of a patient or be pumped out of the body of the patient.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the transmission mechanism comprises a spur rack 8 fixed on the outer wall of the bundle 2, a gear 10 rotatably disposed below the top plate 3 and engaged with the spur rack 8, a one-way transmission assembly connected to the gear 10 through a first transmission member 11, and a second transmission member 16 for connecting the one-way transmission assembly and the pumping assembly, wherein the one-way transmission assembly and the gear 10 are both installed at the lower portion of a mounting member 9 fixed below the top plate 3;
thereby drive roof 3 and extensible member 4 along 2 inner walls of external member lift of external member and drive gear 10 and the effect of fixed spur rack 8 and take place to rotate through power device, gear 10 drives one-way transmission subassembly work with the help of first driving medium 11 to drive with the help of second driving medium 16 and pump the subassembly work, realize one-way suction function, only remove the in-process that inserts the patient at pjncture needle 7 downwards and pump the subassembly just work and take out the internal tumour tissue liquid of patient.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the unidirectional transmission assembly comprises a ratchet wheel 12 rotatably arranged at the lower part of the mounting member 9 and connected to the first transmission member 11, a transmission wheel 15 rotatably connected to the ratchet wheel 12 and connected to the second transmission member 16, and ratchet teeth 13 for connecting the ratchet wheel 12 to the transmission wheel 15, wherein the ratchet teeth 13 are rotatably mounted on the ratchet wheel 12 by means of an elastic member 14;
when the gear 10 moves upwards, the gear rotates anticlockwise under the action of the spur rack 8, the first transmission piece 11 drives the ratchet wheel 12 to rotate anticlockwise, the ratchet wheel 12 drives the ratchet 13 to rotate anticlockwise, and the ratchet 13 extrudes the elastic piece 14 to give way and cannot drive the transmission wheel 15 to rotate;
conversely, when the gear 10 moves downwards, the gear rotates clockwise under the action of the spur rack 8, the first transmission piece 11 drives the ratchet 12 to rotate clockwise, the ratchet 12 drives the ratchet 13 to rotate clockwise, at the moment, the ratchet 13 drives the transmission wheel 15 to rotate clockwise, and the transmission wheel 15 drives the pumping assembly to work by means of the second transmission piece 16 to pump the tumor tissue fluid.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the pumping assembly comprises a micro-pump 17 mounted on the top plate 3, an impeller rotatably disposed in the micro-pump 17 and connected to the second actuator 16, and a conduit 18 communicating the inlet of the micro-pump 17 with the upper port of the puncture needle 7, wherein the puncture needle 7 is a hollow needle having a plurality of capillary holes formed in the lower circumference thereof, and the tumor tissue fluid enters the puncture needle 7 through the capillary holes and enters the micro-pump 17 through the conduit 18 to be pumped out.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the mounting assembly comprises a lifting rod 20 mounted on one side below the movable platform 1 through a bearing, a supporting rod 19 slidably sleeved with the lifting rod 20, a clamping member 22 fixed on the lower part of the supporting rod 19 for clamping and fixing with the edge of the patient bed, and a fixing wheel 21 arranged on the upper part of the supporting rod 19 for fixing the lifting rod 20, wherein a fastening bolt for fixing the clamping member 22 with the bed frame is arranged below the clamping member 22, and a screw rod penetrating through the supporting rod 19 and in threaded connection with the fixing wheel 21 is fixed on the fixing wheel;
utilize fastening bolt to fix fastener 22 with the bed frame of sick bed, thereby it is fixed with die-pin 19, thereby adjust the height of lifter 20 and adjust the height of activity platform 1, be convenient for to the height of the patient adjustment pjncture needle 7 of different sizes, and have the rotational degree of freedom between lifter 20 and the activity platform 1 through the bearing installation, be convenient for pjncture needle 7 rotates the adjustment position around die-pin 19, it is fixed with die-pin 19 to drive the lead screw by tight pulley 21, and butt lifter 20, thereby the height of fixed activity platform 1.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the claims. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the specific structure thereof is allowed to vary. But all changes which come within the scope of the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a alimentary canal tumour biopsy sampler, is including setting up movable platform (1) in sick bed top, a serial communication port, movable platform (1) below is provided with and is used for with the fixed installation component of sick bed the top of movable platform (1) is connected with pjncture needle (7) that are used for piercing through the alimentary canal, just pjncture needle (7) are installed in setting up lift on the movable platform (1)
In the mechanism, the top plate of the lifting mechanism is connected with a pumping assembly for pumping tumor tissue fluid, the pumping assembly is connected with the lifting mechanism through a transmission mechanism, and the lifting mechanism comprises a sleeve (2) fixed on the movable platform (1) and a sliding sleeve fitted on the sleeve (2)
The telescopic part (4), a top plate (3) which is used for fixing the top of the telescopic part (4) and is fixed with the puncture needle (7), and a power device which is used for driving the telescopic part (4) and the top plate (3) to slide and lift along the inner wall of the sleeve (2), wherein the power device comprises an air cylinder (5) which is arranged on the outer wall of the sleeve (2) and a piston rod (6) which is in sealing sliding connection with the air cylinder (5), the top of the piston rod (6) is fixedly connected with the top plate (3), and the air cylinder (5) is communicated with an air pump through an air pipe;
the transmission mechanism comprises a spur rack (8) fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve (2), a gear (10) rotatably arranged below the top plate (3) and meshed with the spur rack (8), a one-way transmission assembly connected with the gear (10) through a first transmission piece (11), and a second transmission piece (16) used for connecting the one-way transmission assembly with the pumping assembly, wherein the one-way transmission assembly and the gear (10) are both arranged on the lower part of a mounting piece (9) fixed below the top plate (3);
the one-way transmission assembly comprises a ratchet wheel (12) which is rotatably arranged at the lower part of the mounting part (9) and is connected with the first transmission part (11), a transmission wheel (15) which is rotatably connected with the ratchet wheel (12) and is connected with the second transmission part (16), and ratchet teeth (13) which are used for connecting the ratchet wheel (12) and the transmission wheel (15), wherein the ratchet teeth (13) are rotatably arranged on the ratchet wheel (12) through an elastic part (14);
the pumping assembly comprises a micro pump (17) arranged on the top plate (3), an impeller which is rotatably arranged in the micro pump (17) and connected with the second transmission piece (16), and a conduit (18) which is communicated with an inlet of the micro pump (17) and an upper opening of the puncture needle (7), wherein the puncture needle (7) is a hollow needle, and a plurality of capillary holes are formed in the circumference of the lower part of the puncture needle.
2. The biopsy sampler for digestive tract tumors according to claim 1, wherein the mounting assembly comprises a lifting rod (20) mounted on one side below the movable platform (1) through a bearing, a supporting rod (19) slidably sleeved with the lifting rod (20), a clamping piece (22) fixed on the lower part of the supporting rod (19) and used for clamping and fixing with the edge of a hospital bed, and a fixing wheel (21) arranged on the upper part of the supporting rod (19) and used for fixing the lifting rod (20).
3. The biopsy sampler for digestive tract tumors according to claim 2, characterized in that fastening bolts for fixing the snap-fit member (22) with the bed frame are arranged below the snap-fit member (22).
4. The sampler for digestive tract tumor biopsy according to claim 3, characterized in that the fixed wheel (21) is fixed with a lead screw which penetrates the supporting rod (19) and is connected with the supporting rod through screw thread.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010077982.XA CN111000596B (en) | 2020-02-02 | 2020-02-02 | Alimentary canal tumour biopsy sampler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010077982.XA CN111000596B (en) | 2020-02-02 | 2020-02-02 | Alimentary canal tumour biopsy sampler |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111000596A CN111000596A (en) | 2020-04-14 |
| CN111000596B true CN111000596B (en) | 2020-11-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010077982.XA Expired - Fee Related CN111000596B (en) | 2020-02-02 | 2020-02-02 | Alimentary canal tumour biopsy sampler |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN111000596B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113134133B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-09-09 | 何金龙 | Puncture device for vascular interventional therapy of liver cancer |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101125093A (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2008-02-20 | 伊西康内外科公司 | Vacuum syringe assisted biopsy device |
| CN101502427A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2009-08-12 | 伊西康内外科公司 | Vacuum sensor and pressure pump for tetherless biopsy device |
| CN102281822A (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2011-12-14 | 德威科医疗产品公司 | Hand actuated tetherless biopsy device with pistol grip |
| CN109646059A (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2019-04-19 | 周海丰 | The full-automatic biopsy puncture device of mammary gland |
| CN110167452A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2019-08-23 | 生物技术秘书部 | Device and method for extracting and acquiring tissue samples |
| CN209377626U (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-09-13 | 中国人民解放军第一五三中心医院 | A kind of novel tumor section sampling feeding device for inspection |
| CN111366417A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-03 | 南通市第一人民医院 | Nephrology department penetrates sampling device |
-
2020
- 2020-02-02 CN CN202010077982.XA patent/CN111000596B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101125093A (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2008-02-20 | 伊西康内外科公司 | Vacuum syringe assisted biopsy device |
| CN101502427A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2009-08-12 | 伊西康内外科公司 | Vacuum sensor and pressure pump for tetherless biopsy device |
| CN102281822A (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2011-12-14 | 德威科医疗产品公司 | Hand actuated tetherless biopsy device with pistol grip |
| CN110167452A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2019-08-23 | 生物技术秘书部 | Device and method for extracting and acquiring tissue samples |
| CN209377626U (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-09-13 | 中国人民解放军第一五三中心医院 | A kind of novel tumor section sampling feeding device for inspection |
| CN109646059A (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2019-04-19 | 周海丰 | The full-automatic biopsy puncture device of mammary gland |
| CN111366417A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-03 | 南通市第一人民医院 | Nephrology department penetrates sampling device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN111000596A (en) | 2020-04-14 |
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Effective date of registration: 20201023 Address after: 471000 No. 82 Qiming South Road, Henan, Luoyang Applicant after: Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital Of Henan Province(Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital) Address before: 650030 military district hospital, 212 Daguan Road, Kunming City, Yunnan Province Applicant before: Jiang Bing |
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