CN110999698A - Cultivation method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests by intercropping green manure in tea garden - Google Patents
Cultivation method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests by intercropping green manure in tea garden Download PDFInfo
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- CN110999698A CN110999698A CN201911020428.1A CN201911020428A CN110999698A CN 110999698 A CN110999698 A CN 110999698A CN 201911020428 A CN201911020428 A CN 201911020428A CN 110999698 A CN110999698 A CN 110999698A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests by intercropping green manure in a tea garden, which comprises the following steps: (1) land preparation and fertilization: a planting ditch is formed in the middle of the tea row, and base fertilizer is spread; (2) planting green manure: sowing green manure in the middle of 4 th month to the middle of 5 th month, wherein two parts of seeds are used during sowing, and the proportion of the first part of seeds to the second part of seeds is 1: 2-3; (3) and (3) pest control: applying a biological pesticide, wherein the biological pesticide is prepared by mixing 20-30 parts of bacillus thuringiensis powder, 10-20 parts of bacillus lentus powder, 10-20 parts of matrine and 80-100 parts of water; (4) and (5) mowing after the green manure is mature. According to the invention, the current tea tree-green manure planting mode and the pest control mode are changed, so that the use amounts of pesticides and chemical fertilizers are greatly reduced, the pest control effect is increased, and the quality and the yield of tea are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests by intercropping green manure in a tea garden.
Background
China is the home country of tea and the ancient country of tea, finds and utilizes tea trees for over ten thousands of years, and is the origin of human tea drinking, tea planting and tea making. Tea production is one of the traditional dominant industries in China, is an important agriculture supporting industry in hilly and mountainous areas, and is a key industry for tea farmers to defy poverty and become rich and increase local financial income.
The current tea production gradually moves to intensification, but due to long-term unreasonable use of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers, increasingly serious social, ecological and economic problems are caused: (1) the pesticide residue of the tea leaves generally exceeds the standard, the health of consumers is harmed for a long time in a recessive way, the commodity value of the tea leaves is reduced, and the production enthusiasm and income of tea farmers are influenced; (2) the ecological environment of the tea garden is seriously damaged, and the soil hardening and degeneration phenomena are aggravated; (3) the usage amount of chemical pesticides is increased year by year, and the drug resistance of pests is stronger and stronger, so that vicious circle in prevention and treatment is formed; (4) the planting cost of tea growers is high.
The main reason for the above problems is that with the application of a large amount of pesticides, the large-scale popularization and planting of a single variety and the great increase of the application level of chemical fertilizers, pests are not stably controlled, but are often in dangerous outbreak states. In addition, the continuous reduction of the green manure area causes serious shortage of organic fertilizer input in the tea garden, serious acidification of the tea garden soil, soil hardening and reduction of fertility, which not only influences the application effect of the fertilizer, but also influences the growth of tea trees and the yield and variety of tea. The traditional green manure-green manure planting mode in the tea area is not more and more suitable for the technology developed by the modern tea industry, the traditional green manure technology has large demand of labor force and large labor intensity, and the green manure planting mode is single and has few varieties.
Therefore, the development of a high-efficiency green cultivation method for intercropping green tea in a tea garden for effectively preventing and controlling diseases and pests is an urgent problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a cultivation method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests by intercropping green manure in a tea garden, which greatly reduces the use amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, increases the plant disease and insect pest prevention effect and improves the quality and the yield of tea leaves by changing the current tea tree-green manure planting mode and the plant disease and insect pest prevention and control mode.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests by intercropping green manure in a tea garden comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: a planting ditch is formed in the middle of the tea row, and base fertilizer is spread;
(2) planting green manure: sowing green manure in the middle of 4 th month to the middle of 5 th month, wherein two parts of seeds are used during sowing, and the proportion of the first part of seeds to the second part of seeds is 1: 2-3;
(3) and (3) pest control: applying a biological pesticide, wherein the biological pesticide is prepared by mixing 20-30 parts of bacillus thuringiensis powder, 10-20 parts of bacillus lentus powder, 10-20 parts of matrine and 80-100 parts of water;
(4) and (5) mowing after the green manure is mature.
Further, in the step (1), the specific operation steps of making the planting furrows are as follows: a rotary cultivator or manpower is used for forming a planting ditch in the middle of the tea row, the width of the ditch is 10-15 cm, and the depth of the ditch is 8-10 cm.
Further, in the step (1), the base fertilizer is an inorganic fertilizer, and the application amount of the base fertilizer is 5-10 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer and 10-15 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer.
Further, in the step (2), the first part of seeds is mixed seeds of any one of tea fertilizer No. 1, sesbania, tamarisk and Chinese fevervine and wild peas, and the second part of seeds is mixed seeds of cassia tora and wild peas.
Further, in the step (2), the seeding rate of the first part of seeds is 1-2 kg/mu, and the seeding rate of the second part of seeds is 1-1.5 kg/mu.
Further, in the step (3), the biological pesticide is sprayed once every 25 to 30 days.
Further, the step (3) further comprises agricultural control: cultivating the tea garden, trimming branches and leaves and cleaning the tea garden.
Further, the step (3) further comprises physical prevention and control: from the middle ten days of 4 months to the end ten days of 10 months, 1 solar moth-luring lamp is installed in each 50-100 mu of tea garden, and 4-6 pest sticking plates are hung in each mu of tea garden.
Further, in the step (4), the cutting time of the tea fertilizer No. 1, the sesbania, the tamarix chinensis, the fava bean and the cassia tora is 9 months to 10 months, and the cutting time of the wild peas in the next year is 4 months.
Further, in the step (4), the height of the cut is 15-25 cm above the ground, and the cut green manure is paved around the tea trees or ditched to be buried.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the planting technology of intercropping green manure and covering green manure all the year round in the tea garden is realized, the turning over of the wild peas for saving the wasteland is not needed, the labor demand for planting the green manure in the tea garden is greatly reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the influence of the winding of the wild peas for saving the wasteland on the growth of tea trees is avoided;
2. the green manure is sowed in a mixing mode for one time, compared with twice sowing, the mowing frequency of the green manure is reduced, the operations of green manure ploughing, soil preparation, fertilization, sowing and the like are saved, the number of workers is reduced, the labor cost can be reduced by 800-1000 yuan per mu, the production benefit of intercropping green manure in a tea garden is obviously improved, the economic benefit of farmers is improved, and the green manure sowing method has a good application prospect in tea production;
3. the reasonable matching of the short-rod type green manure and the short-rod or creeping type green manure is adopted, the problems that the excessive shading of the tea trees by the single-planted high-rod type green manure influences the growth of the tea trees, the farming operation of a tea garden and the like in the past are solved, the problem that the yield of the single-planted short-rod or creeping type green manure is low is also solved, the potential of green manure varieties is fully exerted, the high stubble of the high-rod type green manure is well utilized to provide a promoting effect for the growth of the creeping type green manure, the yield of the intercropping green manure is increased by 47-61% compared with single planting, the adverse effect of rock climbing in the later period of the growth of the creeping type green manure on the growth of the tea trees is avoided, a mild, proper-humidity and diffuse-light environment is fully created for the tea trees, the survival rate of young tea trees is improved, the growth of the tea trees is promoted, and the varieties and the yield of the tea trees are improved;
4. according to the invention, the comprehensive mode of biological control, agricultural control and physical control is selected for controlling plant diseases and insect pests, the biological community of the tea garden is enriched, the biological diversity of the tea garden is promoted, a reasonable tea leaf growth system and ecological environment are established, and the capability of natural biological control in a tea garden production system is improved, so that the outbreak of plant diseases and insect pests in the tea garden is effectively inhibited;
5. the method carries out cultivation through the steps of soil preparation fertilization, tea tree planting, green manure planting and pest control, has the advantages of low cost, high yield, convenient management and the like, and the tea obtained by planting is good in appearance, high in yield, safe and pollution-free, and is suitable for large-scale cultivation.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The cultivation method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests by intercropping green manure in the tea garden comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: a planting ditch with the width of 10cm and the depth of 12cm is arranged in the middle of a tea row of a 1-year-old tea garden, 10 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer and 10 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer are applied, and 2cm of thin soil is covered;
(2) planting green manure: green manure sowing is carried out in 12 days after 4 months, mixed seeds of sesbania and wild peas are sown in the first row, mixed seeds of cassia tora and wild peas are sown in the second row and the third row, mixed seeds of sesbania and wild peas are sown in the fourth row, mixed seeds of cassia tora and wild peas are sown in the fifth row and the sixth row, and the like, the sowing amount of the mixed seeds of sesbania and wild peas is 1 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the mixed seeds of cassia tora and wild peas is 1 kg/mu;
(3) and (3) pest control: applying biological pesticide, wherein each 120g of the biological pesticide contains 20g of bacillus thuringiensis powder, 10g of bacillus lentus powder, 10g of matrine and 80g of water, and spraying the biological pesticide once every 25 days;
(4) cutting sesbania and Cassia tora 15cm from the ground in 30 months of 9 days, turning and burying, cutting 25cm from the ground in 10 months of the next year, spreading around the tea trees, and repeating the above steps to intercropping green manure.
Example 2
The cultivation method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests by intercropping green manure in the tea garden comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: a planting ditch with the width of 12cm and the depth of 10cm is arranged in the middle of a tea row of a 1-year-old tea garden, 10 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer and 15 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer are applied, and 3cm of thin soil is covered;
(2) planting green manure: green manure sowing is carried out for 12 days in 4 months, mixed seeds of the tea manure No. 1 and the wild peas are sown in the first row, mixed seeds of the cassia tora and the wild peas are sown in the second row and the third row, mixed seeds of the tea manure No. 1 and the wild peas are sown in the fourth row, mixed seeds of the cassia tora and the wild peas are sown in the fifth row and the sixth row, and by analogy, the sowing amount of the mixed seeds of the tea manure No. 1 and the wild peas is 1 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the mixed seeds of the cassia tora and the wild peas is 1.5 kg/mu;
(3) and (3) pest control: applying biological pesticide, wherein each 140g of the biological pesticide contains 25g of bacillus thuringiensis powder, 15g of bacillus lentus powder, 15g of matrine and 85g of water, and spraying once every 28 days; during the period, agricultural control is also carried out: cultivating, pruning branches and leaves and cleaning the tea garden;
(4) cutting the No. 1 tea fertilizer and the cassia tora 15cm away from the ground in 10 months and 12 days, turning and burying, cutting the wild peas 25cm away from the ground in 6 days 4 months next year, paving around the tea trees, and repeating the steps to intercropping the green fertilizer.
Example 3
The cultivation method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests by intercropping green manure in the tea garden comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: a planting ditch with the width of 8cm and the depth of 10cm is formed in the middle of a tea row of a 1-year-old tea garden, 10 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer and 15 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer are applied, and 3cm of thin soil is covered;
(2) planting green manure: green manure sowing is carried out for 15 days after 4 months, mixed seeds of tamarix chinensis and wild peas are sown in the first row, mixed seeds of cassia tora and wild peas are sown in the second row, the third row and the fourth row, mixed seeds of tamarix chinensis and wild peas are sown in the fifth row, mixed seeds of cassia tora and wild peas are sown in the sixth row, the seventh row and the eighth row, and so on, the sowing amount of the mixed seeds of tamarix chinensis and wild peas is 2 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the mixed seeds of cassia tora and wild peas is 1 kg/mu;
(3) and (3) pest control: applying biological pesticide, wherein each 170g of the biological pesticide contains 30g of bacillus thuringiensis powder, 20g of bacillus lentus powder, 20g of matrine and 100g of water, and spraying the biological pesticide once every 30 days; during the period, agricultural control is also carried out: cultivating, pruning branches and leaves and cleaning the tea garden; physical control: 1 solar moth-luring lamp is installed in each 50 mu of tea garden from the middle ten days of 4 months to the end ten days of 10 months, and 6 pest sticking plates are hung in each mu of tea garden;
(4) cutting and burying tamarisk and Cassia rotundifolia 15cm away from the ground after 10 months, cutting and paving the wild peas around the tea trees after cutting 25cm away from the ground after 4 months and 8 days next year, and then repeating the steps to intercropping green manure.
Product detection
The appearance odor, the free amino acid content, the yield, the pest control effect and other indexes of the tea produced by the cultivation methods of examples 1 to 3 and the conventional planting method are detected, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 detection results of various indexes of tea
As can be seen from Table 1, the cultivation method of the present invention significantly reduces the amount of pesticides and fertilizers used, increases the pest control effect, and improves the quality and yield of tea leaves.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests by intercropping green manure in a tea garden is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: a planting ditch is formed in the middle of the tea row, and base fertilizer is spread;
(2) planting green manure: sowing green manure in the middle of 4 th month to the middle of 5 th month, wherein two parts of seeds are used during sowing, and the proportion of the first part of seeds to the second part of seeds is 1: 2-3;
(3) and (3) pest control: applying a biological pesticide, wherein the biological pesticide is prepared by mixing 20-30 parts of bacillus thuringiensis powder, 10-20 parts of bacillus lentus powder, 10-20 parts of matrine and 80-100 parts of water;
(4) and (5) mowing after the green manure is mature.
2. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling pests and diseases by intercropping green manure in the tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the specific operation steps of making the planting furrows are as follows: a rotary cultivator or manpower is used for forming a planting ditch in the middle of the tea row, the width of the ditch is 10-15 cm, and the depth of the ditch is 8-10 cm.
3. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling pests and diseases through intercropping green manure in the tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the base fertilizer is inorganic fertilizer, and the application amount of the base fertilizer is 5-10 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer and 10-15 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the first seed is a mixture of tea manure No. 1, sesbania, tamarisk, fava bean and vetch, and the second seed is a mixture of cassia tora and vetch.
5. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling pests and diseases through intercropping green manure in the tea garden as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein in the step (2), the sowing amount of the first seed is 1-2 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the second seed is 1-1.5 kg/mu.
6. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling pests and diseases through intercropping green manure in the tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the biological pesticide is sprayed every 25-30 days.
7. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling pests and diseases by intercropping green manure in the tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (3) further comprises agricultural control: cultivating the tea garden, trimming branches and leaves and cleaning the tea garden.
8. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling pests and diseases by intercropping green manure in the tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (3) further comprises physical prevention and control: from the middle ten days of 4 months to the end ten days of 10 months, 1 solar moth-luring lamp is installed in each 50-100 mu of tea garden, and 4-6 pest sticking plates are hung in each mu of tea garden.
9. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling pests and diseases through green manure intercropping in tea gardens as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the mowing time of the tea manure No. 1, the sesbania, the tamarisk chinensis, the fava sylvestris and the cassia tora is 9 months to 10 months, and the mowing time of the peas for rescuing the wasteland is 4 months next year.
10. The cultivation method for preventing and controlling the diseases and the pests by intercropping the green manure in the tea garden as claimed in claim 1 or 9, wherein in the step (4), the mowing height is 15-25 cm from the ground, and the mowed green manure is paved around the tea trees or ditched to be buried.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112369295A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-19 | 海南大学 | Method for cultivating green manure fava beans and returning green manure fava beans to field and application of method |
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