Background
The demolition and construction waste is the construction waste with the highest concrete/mortar aggregate content, wherein the recycled aggregate can be reused instead of natural aggregate after purification. The structure of the Chinese house is mainly divided into a reinforced concrete structure, a steel structure, a brick concrete structure and a brick wood structure, and after the building structure of the reinforced concrete and the brick concrete structure is dismantled, the building structure mainly comprises concrete, bricks, a small amount of ceramics, glass, gypsum, metal and the like.
The decoration waste is different from other kinds of building waste, and has the characteristics of most complex composition, highest impurity content, low volume weight, large volume, large occupied area, complex components and the like. The decoration waste is not domestic waste, is different from common demolition waste, and the pretreatment process of the decoration waste is complex.
At the present stage, the classification concept of the construction wastes in China is not mature, and the phenomena of mixed collection and treatment of the construction wastes and the decoration wastes often occur in the processes of removal, new construction and reconstruction. The component composition and the property of the demolition waste and the decoration waste are different, and if the demolition waste and the decoration waste are not classified and respectively treated, the treatment and the resource recycling of the demolition waste and the decoration waste are disturbed.
China does not have a construction waste treatment technology for combining and treating the demolition waste and the decoration waste, generally, a production line is respectively arranged for the demolition waste and the decoration waste, the occupied area is large, the equipment investment cost is high, and the process flow is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a recycling treatment process for demolition and decoration wastes, which can combine the demolition and decoration wastes for treatment.
The invention is realized in this way, a process for recycling demolition and decoration wastes, comprising:
s1, dividing the construction waste into construction waste and decoration waste and stacking the construction waste and the decoration waste according to the category;
s2, separating the iron-containing substances in the demolition waste in the step S1, and stacking the separated substances in a classified manner;
s3, separating light matters in the demolition waste from which the iron-containing matters are removed in the step S2, and stacking the separated light matters in a classified manner;
s4, separating the miscellaneous soil in the decoration waste in the step S1, and stacking in a classified manner;
s5, separating iron-containing substances in the decoration waste from which the miscellaneous soil is removed in the step S4, and stacking the iron-containing substances in a classified manner;
s6, separating light matters in the decoration waste with the iron-containing matters removed in the step S5, and stacking the light matters in a classified manner;
s7, combining the demolition waste obtained in the step S3 and the decoration waste obtained in the step S6, and crushing the combined demolition waste into recycled aggregate;
s8, separating the iron-containing materials in the recycled aggregate in the step S7, and stacking the separated materials in a classified manner;
s9, separating the lightweight matters in the recycled aggregate from which the iron-containing matters are removed in the step S8, and stacking the lightweight matters in a classified manner;
and S10, screening the recycled aggregate with the lightweight matters removed in the step S9 into recycled aggregates with different particle size ranges, and classifying and stacking.
Further, before step S2, screening the demolition waste into two parts, namely, the particle size D is less than 100mm and the particle size D is more than or equal to 100 mm; the fraction with particle size D <100mm is subjected to step S2; crushing the part with the grain diameter D being more than or equal to 100mm into the grain diameter D being less than 100mm, and then carrying out the step S2.
Specifically, the light object is wood block, plastic, cloth, packaging bag, plywood, paper, aerated concrete or a mixture of any two or more of the wood block, the plastic, the cloth, the packaging bag, the plywood, the paper and the aerated concrete.
Specifically, the removing of the lightweight materials from the demolition waste in step S3 is performed by manual sorting.
Specifically, in the step S4, the decoration waste is sieved into three parts, namely, the particle size of D is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30mm, the particle size of D is more than 30 and less than or equal to 100mm, and the particle size of D is more than or equal to 100 mm; the part with the grain diameter of more than 0 and less than or equal to 30mm is miscellaneous soil; step S5 is carried out on the part with the grain diameter of 30 mm-D less than or equal to 100 mm; crushing the part with the grain diameter D larger than 100mm into the grain diameter D larger than 30 and smaller than or equal to 100mm, and then carrying out the step S5.
Specifically, the removing manner of the light materials in the decoration waste in step S6 is manual sorting, sieving and water separation.
Further, the decoration waste from which the light materials are removed is dehydrated.
Specifically, the light materials in the decoration waste are removed in step S9 by screening.
Specifically, the recycled aggregate in step S10 is sieved into four types, i.e., 0 < D.ltoreq.10 mm, 10 < D.ltoreq.20 mm, 20 < D.ltoreq.30 mm, and D >30 mm.
Furthermore, the recycled aggregate with the particle size D larger than 30mm returns to the step S7 to be re-crushed into recycled aggregate with the particle size of 0 < D ≤ 30 mm.
The invention provides a resource treatment process of demolition and decoration wastes, which has the beneficial effects that:
the separation process of the demolition waste and the decoration waste is reasonably combined, the demolition waste and the decoration waste are subjected to different pretreatment processes respectively to enable the demolition waste and the decoration waste to have the same properties and components, then the demolition waste and the decoration waste are crushed into recycled aggregate, and finally the recycled aggregate is subjected to selection treatment, so that the quality of the recycled aggregate is high; the process not only ensures high separation efficiency and resource utilization rate of demolition and construction wastes, but also reduces equipment investment and saves occupied area, and has two functions of simplifying process flow and being compatible.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the recycling treatment process of demolition and decoration waste provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, classification
The construction waste is divided into two types of demolition waste and decoration waste and is stacked according to the types.
S2 removing iron
Screening the demolition and construction waste to be treated in the step S1 into two parts of which the particle size D is less than 100mm and the particle size D is more than or equal to 100mm by a vibrating feeder; conveying the part with the particle size D of less than 100mm to magnetic separation equipment through a belt conveyor for removing iron; conveying the part with the particle size D larger than or equal to 100mm to a primary crusher through a belt conveyor to crush the part into particles with the particle size D smaller than 100mm, and then conveying the particles to magnetic separation equipment through the belt conveyor to remove iron, wherein the primary crusher is a jaw crusher, a counterattack crusher or a double-shaft hydraulic crusher and the like; the magnetic separation equipment is a permanent magnet type iron remover, separates out iron-containing objects such as reinforcing steel bars and the like, and classifies the iron-containing objects into metal centralized stacking.
S3, removing light substances
The light matters in the demolition waste from which the iron-containing matters are removed in step S2, such as wood blocks, plastics, cloth, packing bags, plywood, or a mixture of any two or more thereof, are separated by manual sorting and classified as light matters to be stacked in a concentrated manner.
S4 heavy screening
Conveying the decoration waste to be treated in the step S1 to a heavy type stepped sieve by a plate type feeder, and sieving the decoration waste to be treated in the step S1 into three parts of which the particle size is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30mm, the particle size is more than 30 and less than or equal to 100mm and the particle size D is more than 100mm by the heavy type stepped sieve; d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30mm, the part is the miscellaneous soil, the miscellaneous soil is separated and classified as miscellaneous soil, and the miscellaneous soil is stacked in a concentrated manner; conveying the part with the particle size of 30-100 mm to magnetic separation equipment through a belt conveyor to carry out step S5; and conveying the part with the particle size D larger than 100mm to a primary crusher through a belt conveyor to crush the part into particles with the particle size D larger than 30 and less than or equal to 100mm, and conveying the particles to magnetic separation equipment through the belt conveyor to perform step S5, wherein the primary crusher is a jaw crusher, a counterattack crusher or a double-shaft hydraulic crusher and the like.
S5 removing iron
And (4) separating iron-containing substances in the decoration waste with the miscellaneous soil removed in the step (S4) by using magnetic separation equipment, wherein the magnetic separation equipment is a permanent magnet type iron remover, and separates the iron-containing substances such as reinforcing steel bars and the like and classifies the iron-containing substances as metals to be stacked in a concentrated manner.
S6, removing light substances
Firstly, separating wood blocks, plastics, cloth, packaging bags, plywood or a mixture of any two or more of the wood blocks, the plastics, the cloth, the packaging bags and the plywood in the decoration waste with iron-containing substances removed in the step S5 by manual sorting, and classifying the wood blocks, the plastics, the cloth, the packaging bags, the plywood or the mixture into light objects to be stacked in a concentrated mode;
then, separating plastics, paper, wood chips or cloth and the like which are not manually sorted by a screening equipment roller screening machine, and classifying the plastics, the paper, the wood chips or the cloth into light objects to be stacked in a concentrated manner;
then, separating plastics, paper, wood chips, cloth or aerated concrete and the like which are not removed by the roller screening machine by a light object flotation machine of a water separation device, floating on the water surface, scraping and collecting the substances, and classifying the substances into light objects to be stacked in a concentrated manner; concrete blocks or bricks and tiles with specific gravity larger than that of water can settle at the bottom of the lightweight material flotation machine, and the concrete blocks or bricks and tiles are discharged out of the lightweight material flotation machine and then are conveyed into a dewatering screen through a belt conveyor;
finally, the decoration waste from which the light materials are removed is dehydrated through a dehydration screen and then conveyed to a secondary crusher through a belt conveyor to be subjected to step S7.
S7, crushing
And (4) conveying the demolition waste obtained in the step S3 and the decoration waste obtained in the step S6 to a secondary crusher through a belt, combining the demolition waste and the decoration waste, and crushing the demolition waste and the decoration waste into recycled aggregate, wherein the secondary crusher is an impact crusher or a cone crusher and the like.
S8 removing iron
And (4) separating iron-containing substances in the recycled aggregate in the step (S7) by using magnetic separation equipment, wherein the magnetic separation equipment is a permanent magnet type iron remover, and the iron-containing substances, such as reinforcing steel bars and the like, are separated and are classified as metal concentrated stacking.
S9, removing light substances
Separating the plastic, wood, paper, cloth, aerated concrete or a mixture of any two or more of the plastic, wood, paper, cloth and aerated concrete in the recycled aggregate from which the iron-containing substances are removed in the step S8 by a roller screening machine of screening equipment, and classifying the recycled aggregate into light mass concentrated stacking.
S10, screening
Screening the recycled aggregate without the light substances in the step S9 into four types of particles with the particle size of 0-D not more than 10mm, the particle size of 10-D not more than 20mm, the particle size of 20-D not more than 30mm and the particle size of D more than 30mm by a vibration screening machine, and stacking in a classified manner; returning the recycled aggregate with the particle size D larger than 30mm to the step S7 to be re-crushed into recycled aggregate with the particle size of 0 < D ≦ 30mm, and then sequentially carrying out the step S8, the step S9 and the step S10.
The invention provides a resource treatment process of demolition and decoration wastes, which has the beneficial effects that:
the separation process of the demolition waste and the decoration waste is reasonably combined, the demolition waste and the decoration waste are subjected to different pretreatment processes respectively to enable the demolition waste and the decoration waste to have the same properties and components, then the demolition waste and the decoration waste are crushed into recycled aggregate, and finally the recycled aggregate is subjected to selection treatment, so that the quality of the recycled aggregate is high; the process not only ensures high separation efficiency and resource utilization rate of demolition and construction wastes, but also reduces equipment investment and saves occupied area, and has two functions of simplifying process flow and being compatible.
The content of light materials in the demolition waste is low, and the separation efficiency of the light materials can reach more than 95 percent through manual separation and roller screening; the decoration waste has high light content and mixed components, and the separation efficiency of the light substances in the decoration waste is not high through manual sorting and roller screening, so that the light substances with the specific gravity smaller than water are separated out through buoyancy by adopting a water separation equipment light substance flotation machine with the separation efficiency of the light substances reaching more than 95%, and the separation efficiency of the light substances reaches more than 95%.
Through multiple crushing and magnetic separation processes, 99% of iron-containing substances are recovered: conveying the part with the particle size D larger than or equal to 100mm in the demolition waste to a primary crusher through a belt conveyor, crushing the part into particles with the particle size D smaller than 100mm, and then removing iron; conveying the part with the particle size D larger than 100mm in the decoration waste to a primary crusher through a belt conveyor, crushing the part into particles with the particle size D larger than 30 and smaller than or equal to 100mm, and then removing iron; conveying the pretreated demolition waste and decoration waste to a secondary crusher through a belt, merging the two, crushing the two into recycled aggregate, in the crushing process, crushing the pretreated demolition waste and the decoration waste into the recycled aggregate with the particle size of 0 & lt D & lt 30mm, returning the recycled aggregate with the particle size of more than 30mm to step S7, re-crushing the recycled aggregate into the recycled aggregate with the particle size of 0 & lt D & lt 30mm, exposing the residual iron-containing substances in the recycled aggregate, and then performing iron removal again to separate out the residual iron-containing substances, thereby realizing the recovery of 99% of the iron-containing substances.
The recycled aggregate can replace natural aggregates such as sand, stone and the like, the recycled aggregate can also be used as a raw material of a recycled environment-friendly product, the recycled environment-friendly product can be building material products such as recycled mortar, recycled concrete, recycled bricks, environment-friendly prefabricated parts, water stabilizing materials, pipe ditches, roadbed, foundation pit backfill materials and the like, and the consumption of the natural raw materials can be greatly reduced by using the recycled aggregate, so that the recycling of the recycled aggregate is realized.
After the soil materials sorted by the process flow are determined to be harmless, the urban sculpture and various baking-free bricks can be prepared by adopting the technical scheme of treating the residual sludge and the soil through the procedures of pretreatment, dehydration, crushing, mixing, granulation, mold filling and molding and the like, and can also be used for roadbed molding, pipe ditch backfilling or foundation pit backfilling; the inorganic non-metallic material sorted by the process flow can be sold to relevant resource recycling units for utilization; the light materials separated by the process flow, such as paper, wood chips, packaging, cloth and the like, are combustible materials with high heat value, can be sent to a burning power plant for treatment, and are converted into heat energy or electric energy for utilization; the technological process adopted by the invention classifies various materials in the decoration waste respectively, so that all the materials can be fully used, and the overall resource utilization rate reaches over 90 percent.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.