CN110973038A - Pond engineering recirculating aquaculture system and water quality control method thereof - Google Patents
Pond engineering recirculating aquaculture system and water quality control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
A pond engineering recirculating aquaculture system and a water quality control method thereof comprise a pond, wherein a water blocking dam perpendicular to narrow-side pond ridges of the pond is built in the center of the pond along the length direction, water quality control machines and ecological bases are respectively arranged on pond surfaces on two sides of the water blocking dam, the water blocking dam is not connected with the narrow-side pond ridges on two sides of the pond and is provided with a water flow channel, five parallel running water aquaculture grooves are formed in one water flow channel, air-lift type water pushing and oxygen increasing equipment and automatic sewage suction equipment are arranged in the running water aquaculture grooves, the automatic sewage suction equipment is communicated with a sedimentation tank, and the sedimentation tank is communicated with the pond. The invention adopts physical and biological water quality regulation and control technology for IPRS, so that the relevant physicochemical indexes of the aquaculture water body in 5-9 months of fishery production main season all reach the relevant national standard and the requirement of freshwater pond aquaculture water discharge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a pond engineering circulating water aquaculture system and a water quality control method thereof.
Background
Pond engineered recirculating aquaculture systems (IPRS) were designed by Olympic university and American Soybean Association. In the mode, 2-5% of the area of the pond is used as a water pushing culture area, and the rest 95-98% of the area is used as an ecological purification area. Through facility engineering transformation, a running water culture tank is built in a pond, and fishes are cultured in the running water tank. Provide high dissolved oxygen rivers for breeding the groove through air lift formula oxygenation water pushing equipment, concentrate the breed edible fish in breeding the groove, at the installation sewage suction equipment of breeding the groove afterbody, collect the excrement and the incomplete bait of fish, through sedimentation tank centralized processing utilization, combine peripheral pond water to purify, realize breeding in the cycle tail water zero release or discharge to reach standard.
Since the first IPRS set is established in the Heing town of Wujiang district, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province in China in 2014, the culture mode is rapidly developed. 71 IPRS facility systems are built in the Anhui province at the end of 2017, 246 flow water culture tanks are arranged, and the popularization and application area reaches 8210 mu. Although the culture mode is provided with an automatic sewage suction device and is provided with an external pond water purification area, no relevant scientific report is found about sewage suction purification effect, water quality change condition and the like.
The advanced technology and means of the circulating type engineering aquaculture are fully utilized to create a good ecological environment for cultivating aquatic animals so as not to be restricted by the external environment, finally high-quality and high-efficiency production and ecological protection of the cultivation environment are realized, and the great improvement of the utilization rate of cultivation resources and the quality safety of cultivation products become an important research direction and a hotspot for sustainable development of domestic and foreign ecological cultivation. Comprehensively analyzing the latest overseas aquaculture mode, the circular factory aquaculture has the advantages of small occupied space, high controllability of aquaculture environment, high efficiency, water conservation, safe product quality, ecological environment protection and the like, and is an important way for getting rid of the traditional extensive management and resource dependence production mode, protecting the environment and realizing sustainable development of aquaculture.
At present, the circulating factory aquaculture system at home and abroad has various forms and target functions, but most of the circulating factory aquaculture systems have the following problems:
(1) the culture monomer is small, so that the energy consumption is large, the self-regulation capacity of the water body is weak, the scale benefit is poor, and the culture function requirements of aquatic products of a certain variety and range can only be met;
(2) most of the water inlet channels are only provided with one main channel and are sent to all branch channels from the main channel, and the arrangement mode has the defects of insufficient water pressure at the tail end, poor circulation performance, poor adjustability and high maintenance cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a pond engineering recirculating aquaculture system and a water quality control method thereof.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides a pond engineering recirculating aquaculture system, includes the pond, its characterized in that: the central authorities in pond have built one along length direction with pond narrow limit ridge vertically block the dam, it transfers accuse machine and ecological base to be equipped with quality of water on the pool face of dam both sides respectively to block, block the dam with do not connect between the narrow limit ridge on pond both sides, establish to rivers passageway, the alternative rivers passageway establishes five flowing water culture tanks side by side, it pushes away water oxygenation equipment and automatic dirt absorbing equipment to establish the air lift formula in the flowing water culture tank, automatic dirt absorbing equipment and sedimentation tank intercommunication, the sedimentation tank with the pond intercommunication.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: automatic soil pick-up equipment is located the flowing water culture groove afterbody, the delivery port and the sedimentation tank water inlet of automatic soil pick-up equipment pass through the pipeline intercommunication, the sedimentation tank delivery port with the pond intercommunication.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the water quality adjusting and controlling machine is a movable solar water quality adjusting and controlling machine.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the ecological base is banded, five ecological base parallel along the rivers direction are established.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: and the coasts at the two sides of the water retaining dam and the coasts of the pond are both planted with the waterweeds.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: water sample collection points are arranged in ponds on the two sides of the water retaining dam, the water inlet end of the running water culture tank, the running water culture tank and the tail of the running water culture tank.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a water quality control method of a pond engineering recirculating aquaculture system comprises the steps of:
(1) cultivating spotted silver carps and silver carps with the length of 18-22cm at one side of the pond provided with the water quality regulating and controlling machine;
(2) breeding the snails at one side of the pond, which is provided with the water quality adjusting and controlling machine;
(3) and starting the water quality adjusting and controlling machine in sunny days.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the total amount of the spotted silver carp and the silver carp is 1300-1400, and the proportion of the spotted silver carp and the silver carp is 1: 1.8-2.2.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the stocking amount of the snails is 55-65 jin/mu.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the water quality monitoring and adjusting of the aquaculture pond plays a vital role in aquaculture, and the aquaculture and management mode is determined according to the water quality condition by monitoring aquaculture water, so that the method is one of the technical means for guaranteeing the quality safety of aquatic products. The invention adopts physical and biological water quality regulation and control technology for IPRS, so that the relevant physicochemical indexes of the aquaculture water body in 5-9 months of fishery production main season all reach the relevant national standard and the requirement of freshwater pond aquaculture water discharge.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the temperature and temperature of water during the test.
Figure 3 change in dissolved oxygen during the test.
FIG. 4 pH change during the experiment.
Figure 5 change in transparency during the test.
Figure 6 total phosphorus change during the experiment.
Figure 7 total nitrogen change during the experiment.
Figure 8 ammonia nitrogen change during the experiment.
FIG. 9 nitrite nitrogen change during the test.
Figure 10 chemical oxygen demand change during the test.
In the above figures, 1, pond; 2. a water retaining dam; 3. a solar water quality adjusting and controlling machine; 4. ecological base; 5. a water flow channel; 6. a running water culture tank; 7. air-lift water-pushing oxygenation equipment; 8. automatic dirt suction equipment; 9. a sedimentation tank; 10. elodea nuttallii; 11. a water sample collection point.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
Please refer to fig. 1. It should be understood that in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship which the product of the present invention is usually placed in when in use, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should be further noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and a communication between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in figure 1, the pond engineering circulating water aquaculture system comprises a pond 1, wherein a water blocking dam 2 is arranged in the center of the pond 1, the water blocking dam 2 is vertical to a narrow-edge pond ridge of the pond 1, the water blocking dam 2 is not connected with the narrow-edge pond ridge and is provided with a water flow channel 5, one water flow channel 5 is selected to be provided with a running water aquaculture tank 6, and 5 running water aquaculture tanks 6 are arranged side by side; establish air-lift formula in flowing water cultivation groove 6 and push away water oxygenation equipment 7 and provide high dissolved oxygen rivers for cultivating the groove, establish automatic dirt suction device 8 at the afterbody of flowing water cultivation groove 6, collect the excrement and the incomplete bait of fish, the delivery port of automatic dirt suction device 8 is connected with the water inlet of sedimentation tank 9, be equipped with filter equipment in the sedimentation tank 9 for filtration purification sewage, it further purifies through pond ecosystem to filter the breed water after up to standard of discharging the pond again, can recycle.
In order to ensure the stability of the pond ecosystem and improve the purification capacity of the pond ecosystem, a solar water quality control machine 3 and an ecological base 4 are respectively arranged on the pond surfaces on the two sides of the water retaining dam 2. The solar water quality adjusting and controlling machine 3 adopts a machine developed by the fishery instrument research institute of the Chinese aquatic science research institute, and has the model: YJ-T-01, which normally operates under the condition of sufficient illumination; the ecological base 4 is strip-shaped, 5 strips are arranged in parallel along the water flow direction, and the ecological base is researched and developed by the Zhujiang aquatic product research institute of the Chinese aquatic product science research institute.
In addition, the waterweeds 10 are planted on the two side coasts of the retaining dam 2 and the coasts of the pond 1, so that the water retaining dam is rich in nutrition, can purify water quality, prevents water eutrophication, and is beneficial to building a good water quality environment. Water sample collection points 11 are arranged at the ponds at the two sides of the retaining dam 2, at the water inlet end of the running water culture tank 6, in the running water culture tank 6 and at the tail part of the running water culture tank 6, so that the detection water samples are compared, and the pond water quality is better regulated and controlled.
Supplementing:
the 5 running water culture tanks are sequentially filled with culture varieties such as triangular breams, grass carps, crucian carps and the like according to different varieties and specifications, and workers are responsible for daily feeding and management. The total 1350 spotted silver carps (the proportion of the spotted silver carps is about 1:2) with the length of 20cm are put in the pond, and the spiral shells are 2400 jin and 60 jin/mu, so that the ecological diversity of the pond is realized, and the self-cleaning capability of the pond is improved.
The principle is as follows:
according to the invention, through facility engineering transformation, a running water culture tank is built in a pond, and fishes are cultured in the running water culture tank. Provide high dissolved oxygen rivers for breeding the groove through air lift formula oxygenation water pushing equipment, concentrate the breed edible fish in breeding the groove, at the installation sewage suction equipment of breeding the groove afterbody, collect the excrement and the incomplete bait of fish, through sedimentation tank centralized processing utilization, combine peripheral pond water to purify, realize breeding in the cycle tail water zero release or discharge to reach standard.
Therefore, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts five running water culture tanks, can meet the requirements of different types and ranges of aquatic product culture functions, is provided with automatic pollution absorption equipment for collecting excrement and residual bait of fishes, and realizes zero discharge or standard discharge of culture tail water in a culture period by centralized treatment and utilization of the sedimentation tank and combination of peripheral pond water body purification.
2. The invention adopts two water quality control schemes of a solar water quality control machine and an ecological base and is matched with a water sample collecting point to carry out water quality detection, thereby carrying out water quality control and monitoring, and being energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Example 2: pond engineering recirculating aquaculture system and water quality control method thereof
1. Materials and methods.
1.1 test Pond and Material
The experiment is carried out in 2017 by the professional cooperative society of aquatic ecological breeding in the rivers and the mothers in the nest lake city and the river and the mothers of the demonstration enterprises in the nest lake demonstration county of the national bulk freshwater fish industrial and technical system combined fertilizer comprehensive test station.
Basic conditions of the test pond: the area of the pond water body is 40 multiplied 667m2The cultivation device is similar to a square, 5 running water cultivation tanks (the specification is that the length is multiplied by the width is multiplied by the height is 5m multiplied by 22m multiplied by 2m), and an air-lift type water pushing and oxygen increasing device and an automatic sewage suction device are arranged. 21 days in 12 months in 2016-4 days in 3 months in 2017, and 5 running water culture tanks are sequentially filled with culture varieties such as triangular breams, grass carps, crucian carps and the like according to different varieties and specifications, and workers are responsible for daily feeding and management. The automatic sewage suction device is a full-automatic sewage suction machine. The air-lift water-pushing oxygen-increasing equipment is specifically an air-lift water-pushing oxygen-increasing machine.
1.2 Water quality control technical scheme
In the month of 2, 2m wide elodea nutans with the area of about 1400m are respectively transplanted on the peripheral banks and two sides of the middle water retaining ridge of the test pond2。
And 3 months and 4 days, breeding a total of 1350 silver carps with the length of 20cm in the ecological purification area of the test pond (the proportion of the silver carps is about 1: 2).
And 3, 25 days after the 3 month, a mobile solar water quality control machine (developed by fishery instrument research institute of Chinese aquatic product science research institute, model: YJ-T-01) is installed in the test pond, and the test pond normally operates under the condition of sufficient illumination.
And 3, 26 months and 60 jin/mu of the snails are stocked in the ecological purification area of the test pond.
And 4, 20 days after 4 months, 5 ecological bases (researched and developed by the Zhujiang aquatic research institute of the Chinese aquatic science institute) are arranged in the test pond, and the number of the ecological bases is 100 m/unit, and the total number of the ecological bases is 500 m.
1.3 Water sample Collection and analysis
From 2017, 5, month and 2, water samples are collected every 7d, and the sampling time is about 10: 00. The experiment is ended by 9 and 26 months in 2017, and 22 water samples are collected in the period.
The test is totally provided with 5 sampling points which are respectively arranged at the front end of the running water culture tank, the No. 2 culture tank and behind the running water culture tankEnd, right and left side of the test pond (as shown in fig. 1). Collecting mixed water samples 50cm below the water surface and 50cm above the pool bottom for measuring the physicochemical indexes of water quality. The water temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and pH were measured on-site using a portable water quality analyzer (HQ40D, HACH, USA) at a test point of 50cm below the water surface; the transparency is measured on site by adopting a Seattle disk; total Phosphorus (TP), Total Nitrogen (TN), ammonium Nitrogen (NH)4 +-N), nitrous Nitrogen (NO)2 --N), chemical requirement (COD)Cr) Using American Hash DRB200 and DR900 to perform on-site measurement according to Hash quick test method, wherein TP adopts digestion-ascorbic acid method, TN adopts persulfate oxidation method, NH4 +By salicylic acid method of-N, NO2 -Diazotisation of-N with CODCrA digestion colorimetric method is adopted. The specific detection principle and method refer to the practical handbook of water quality analysis compiled by Hash corporation. The detection data are compared and analyzed with relevant standard indexes such as 'surface water environmental quality standard (GHZB 1-1999)', 'surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-2002)', and 'fresh water pond culture water emission requirement (SC/T9101-2007)'.
2 water quality monitoring results
2.1 air temperature and Water temperature changes
The city of the great lakes belongs to the northern subtropical humid monsoon climate region between 117 DEG 00-118 DEG 29 and 30 DEG 56-32 DEG 02 of north latitude. The overall climate profile is: the weather is mild, the rainfall is moderate, the illumination is sufficient, the heat condition is good, and the frostless period is long; the season wind climate is obvious, the winter is cold and the summer is hot, and the seasons are clear.
The air temperature and water temperature changes during the test are shown in fig. 2. The average air temperature during the test is 28.6 ℃; the water temperatures of sampling points are consistent and have no obvious difference, the water temperature change interval is 20-34 ℃, the average water temperature in July is 30.5 ℃ at most, the average water temperature in 5 months is 23.2 ℃ at least, and the average water temperature in the test period is 26.6 ℃.
2.2DO, pH, SD Change
The DO changes during the experiment are shown in FIG. 3. The DO as a whole was found to be in a monthly decline by 5-9 months of monitoring at 5 sampling points in the test pond. The average values of DO at the sampling points 1-5 are respectively: 6.0, 4.9, 4.7, 5.4 and 6.3mg/L, it can be seen that the dissolved oxygen in the water tank at point 2 and in the dirt suction area at point 3 is relatively low, and the rest points are relatively high due to the action of water purification and flowing. The method has the advantages that the tail of the running water culture tank absorbs sewage 4 times a day, measures such as pond purification of water area planting grass and snail moving, ecological base arrangement, solar water quality regulation and control machine installation and the like are adopted, water quality can be effectively purified, and the dissolved oxygen amount of the water body is improved. The maximum DO value is 11.0mg/L, the minimum DO value is 1.6mg/L and the average DO value is 5.48mg/L within 5-9 months, thus reaching the surface water environment quality III standard (5.0 mg/L).
And in 22 days 12 months in 2017, the test pond begins to drain water outwards, 5 sampling points DO are detected to be 8.9, 9.1, 11.6 and 11.2mg/L respectively, the average value is 9.9mg/L, and the environmental quality class I standard (7.5mg/L) of surface water is achieved.
The pH change during the experiment is shown in figure 4. The pH value is 8.8 at most, 7.3 at least and 7.8 at average by monitoring 5 sampling points of the test pond at 5-9 months, and the pH value meets the pH value range specified in the environmental quality standard of surface water (GB3838-2002) and the emission requirement of fresh water pond culture water (SC/T9101-2007).
The SD changes during the test as shown in fig. 5. 5 sampling points of the test pond are monitored, and the SD change is small, no obvious difference exists, and the SD change is probably the result of water body flowing. SD peak occurs at 42.0 cm at month 5, 19.5cm at month 7, and average value is 27.0cm throughout the monitoring period.
2.3TP concentration Change
The change in TP concentration during the experiment is shown in FIG. 6.5 sampling points of the test pond are monitored for 5-9 months, and the TP concentration is 1.44mg/L at the highest value, 0.24mg/L at the lowest value and 0.74mg/L at the average value. Although higher than the surface water environmental quality class V standard (0.4mg/L), but lower than the second-level standard (1.0mg/L) required by the discharge of the culture water in the fresh water pond.
It can be seen that the peak period of TP concentration occurs in 8 months, the average value reaches 2.28mg/L, and the method is mainly caused by large feeding amount in high-temperature seasons, rapid decomposition of residual baits and feces and insufficient water body purification capacity.
And in 22 months 12 in 2017, the test pond begins to drain water outwards, and the TP concentrations of 5 sampling points are detected to be 0.44, 0.59, 0.38, 0.52 and 0.43mg/L respectively, the average value is 0.47mg/L and is between the surface water environment quality V-type standard (0.4mg/L) and the fresh water pond culture water discharge requirement first-level standard (0.5 mg/L).
2.4TN concentration Change
The change in TN concentration during the test is shown in FIG. 7.5 sampling points of the test pond are monitored for 5-9 months, and the maximum value of TN concentration is 4.1mg/L, the minimum value is 0.6mg/L, the average value is 1.98mg/L, and the standard of surface water environment quality V (2.0mg/L) is achieved.
The peak time of TN concentration occurs in 9 months, the average value is 2.7mg/L, although the peak time is higher than the quality standard V of surface water environment (2.0mg/L), but lower than the first-level standard (3.0mg/L) required by the discharge of culture water of fresh water ponds.
And in 22 days 12 months in 2017, the test pond begins to drain water outwards, and TN concentrations of 5 sampling points are detected to be 2.5, 2.9, 2.7 and 2.5mg/L respectively, the average value is 2.7mg/L, and the TN concentrations are between the surface water environment quality class V standard (2.0mg/L) and the fresh water pond culture water discharge requirement primary standard (3.0 mg/L).
2.5NH4 +-change in N concentration
NH during the test4 +The variation of-N concentration is shown in FIG. 8. Monitoring 5 sampling points of the test pond for 5-9 months to find NH4 +The highest value of the-N concentration is 1.34mg/L, the lowest value is 0.02mg/L, the average value is 0.35mg/L, and the standard reaches the II-class standard (0.5mg/L) of the environmental quality of surface water.
NH4 +The peak N concentration occurs in 9 months, the average value is 0.72mg/L, which is only higher than the standard II (0.5mg/L) of the surface water environment quality and is lower than the standard III (1.0mg/L) of the surface water environment quality.
In 2017, 12 and 22 months, the test pond begins to drain water outwards, and 5 sampling points NH are detected4 +The N concentration is respectively 0.67, 0.63 and 0.83mg/L, the average value is 0.69mg/L, and the N concentration is between the standard II (0.5mg/L) and the standard III (1.0mg/L) of the surface water environment quality.
2.6NO2 --change in N concentration
NO during the test2 -Variation of N concentrationThe formation is shown in fig. 9.5 sampling points of the test pond are monitored for 5-9 months to find NO2 -The highest value of the-N concentration is 0.061mg/L, the lowest value is 0.001mg/L, the average value is 0.025mg/L, and the environmental quality of the surface water reaches the I-type standard (0.06 mg/L).
NO2 -The peak time of N concentration occurs in 9 months, the average value is 0.039mg/L, and the quality standard of the surface water environment I (0.06mg/L) is achieved.
In 2017, 12 and 22 months, the test pond begins to drain water outwards, and 5 sampling points NO are detected2 -The concentration of-N is respectively 0.003, 0.005, 0.004, 0.002 and 0.003mg/L, the average value is 0.003mg/L, and the standard reaches the class I standard (0.06mg/L) of the environmental quality of surface water.
2.7CODcrChange in concentration
COD during the testcrThe concentration change is shown in FIG. 10. Through 5 sampling points of the test pond for 5-9 months, COD is foundcrThe highest concentration is 79.0mg/L, the lowest concentration is 3.0mg/L, the average value is 38.7mg/L, and the standard of surface water environment quality class V (40mg/L) is achieved.
CODcrThe peak concentration occurs in 9 months, the average value is 43.6, and the standard is higher than the standard of surface water environment quality class V (40 mg/L). The requirement of a large amount of reducing substances in the aquaculture water body and high organic matter content are proved.
In 2017, 12 months and 22 days, the circulating water pond begins to drain water outwards, and 5 sampling points COD are detectedcrThe concentrations are respectively 50.0, 37.0, 34.0, 32.0 and 40.0mg/L, the average value is 38.6mg/L, and the standard of surface water environmental quality class V (40mg/L) is achieved.
3 discussion and analysis
3.1 Water temperature, DO, pH, SD Change
The water temperature is an important factor in the water ecosystem, which not only directly influences the growth and ingestion of the cultured fishes, but also indirectly influences the disease resistance of the cultured fishes by influencing other water quality physicochemical factors[10]. During the test, the water temperature of the pond mainly changes along with the air temperature, the water temperature change interval is 20-34 ℃, the fluctuation is small, and the method is suitable for the growth of fishes. DO is one of the conditions under which farmed fish live. In the culture water bodyWhen the oxygen is sufficient, the fish is vigorous in ingestion, high in digestibility, fast in growth and high in feed utilization rate; when oxygen in the aquaculture water is insufficient, the fish is not suitable physiologically, so that the ingestion and digestion rate are reduced, more energy is consumed, and the diseases are mainly manifested as inappetence, slow growth, reduced resistance and susceptibility to diseases[11]. During the test, the average DO value is 5.48mg/L, and reaches the class III standard of the environmental quality of surface water.
The pH is a comprehensive index for measuring the quality of water quality and reflecting the ecological balance of water environment, is related to biochemical reactions of chemical substances and organisms in water body, has important influence on the physical and chemical reactions of the water body, and the pH of the culture pond is generally 6.5-8.5[12]. During the test, the pH is 8.8 at the highest, 7.3 at the lowest and 7.8 on average, which meets the environmental quality standard of surface water[8]And the requirement of discharging culture water of the fresh water pond[9]The specified pH is in the range of 6 to 9. SD represents the visibility of the aquaculture water body, is the most visual index for showing the environmental quality of the aquaculture water body, is an important index for evaluating the water quality condition in aquaculture, and can accurately express the quality of the aquaculture water body by combining the water color[13]. During the test, the SD generally shows a descending trend, the average value reaches 27.0cm, the maximum value is 42cm, and the SD change range in the middle and later period of the test is small.
3.2TP, TN changes
The TP and TN water body are used as important substances in the water environment ecological system, not only can be used for measuring the quality of water quality, but also can be used for evaluating the eutrophication degree of the water environment[14]. The increase of the content of organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen in the pond culture water consumes oxygen in the water to cause water quality deterioration, and the excessive phosphorus substances in the water easily cause excessive algae proliferation, reduce water quality transparency and cause water quality deterioration, so TP and TN are used as important indexes for culture water detection and play an important guiding role in culture tail water discharge[15]. During this test, the mean TP concentration was 0.74mg/L, TN with a mean concentration of 1.98mg/L, exceeding or approaching the surface water environmental quality class V criterion. Especially in the middle and later period of cultivation, with the increase of feeding amount, the deposition of residual bait and excrement, TP and TN concentration exceedThe surface water environment quality V-type standard has certain eutrophication phenomenon, but both the surface water environment quality V-type standard and the surface water environment quality V-type standard can meet the requirements of the discharge standard of the culture water in the freshwater pond.
3.3NH4 +-N、NO2 --N change
In the aquaculture pond, as the excrement of the aquaculture aquatic animals and organic matters such as residual baits and the like interact at the bottom layer of the pond to generate non-ionic ammonia which has toxic action on the aquaculture aquatic animals and is very easy to cause water body pollution after being discharged to the external environment[16]. The toxicity of ammonia to the cultured aquatic animals is different due to different concentrations of ammonia, and the cultured aquatic animals can have chronic poisoning symptoms in a low concentration state, which shows that the growth of the cultured aquatic animals is inhibited; in a high concentration state, the mucous membranes of the skin, the stomach and the intestinal tracts of the cultured aquatic animals can be damaged, so that the body surface and internal organs bleed, and the cultured aquatic animals are poisoned and die. During this test, NH4 +Average N concentration was 0.35mg/L, although in the later part of the test, NH was added to the feed due to high temperature plus a large feed rate4 +the-N concentration is peak, but still meets the III-type standard of surface water environment quality.
NO2 -N is an important environmental factor inducing fulminant diseases in cultured aquatic animals. NO2 -The accumulation of N in the water body can oxidize the low-iron hemoglobin in the blood of the cultured aquatic animals into high-iron hemoglobin, thereby reducing the oxygen-carrying content of the blood, leading the organism tissues to lack oxygen and having strong toxic action on the cultured aquatic animals[17]. Long-term effect can lead fish to slow growth, increase death rate and destroy tissues and organs along with NO2 -The increasing of the-N concentration can cause the phenomena of increasing of pollutants in the gills, gill swelling, adhesion, thickening of epithelial tissues and the like[18]. During this test, NO2 -The highest value of the-N concentration is 0.061mg/L, the average value is 0.025mg/L, and the environmental quality class I standard of surface water is achieved.
3.4CODcrVariations in
CODCrOrganic fertilizer in high-low and aquaculture pond of concentrationThe content of nutrient components is closely related. CODCrThe concentration can accurately reflect the content of organic matters in the aquaculture pond, including dissolved organic matters, organic debris, dead plankton and the like[12]. COD of a certain concentrationCrIs a condition necessary for maintaining the growth and reproduction of bacteria, but CODCrThe excessive concentration can cause the mass propagation of bacteria, so that the ecology of the aquaculture pond is unbalanced, and the diseases of aquaculture aquatic animals are induced; on the contrary, CODCrToo low concentration will not maintain high productivity of the aquaculture pond[19]. In the test, the average value of CODcr concentration in 5-9 months is 38.7mg/L, and reaches the standard of surface water environmental quality class V. The peak period of CODcr concentration appears in 9 months, the average value is 43.6, which shows that the culture water body needs more reducing substances and has higher organic matter content in the period.
4 summary of the invention
The water quality monitoring and adjusting of the aquaculture pond plays a vital role in aquaculture, and the aquaculture and management mode is determined according to the water quality condition by monitoring aquaculture water, so that the method is one of the technical means for guaranteeing the quality safety of aquatic products. In the experiment, the relevant physicochemical indexes of the aquaculture water body in 5-9 months of the main season of fishery production all meet the relevant national standard and the requirement of the aquaculture water discharge of the fresh water pond by adopting water quality control technologies such as physics, biology and the like for the IPRS.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a pond engineering recirculating aquaculture system, includes the pond, its characterized in that: the central authorities in pond have built one along length direction with pond narrow limit ridge vertically block the dam, it transfers accuse machine and ecological base to be equipped with quality of water on the pool face of dam both sides respectively to block, block the dam with do not connect between the narrow limit ridge on pond both sides, establish to rivers passageway, the alternative rivers passageway establishes five flowing water culture tanks side by side, it pushes away water oxygenation equipment and automatic dirt absorbing equipment to establish the air lift formula in the flowing water culture tank, automatic dirt absorbing equipment and sedimentation tank intercommunication, the sedimentation tank with the pond intercommunication.
2. The pond engineered recirculating aquaculture system of claim 1, wherein: automatic soil pick-up equipment is located the flowing water culture groove afterbody, the delivery port and the sedimentation tank water inlet of automatic soil pick-up equipment pass through the pipeline intercommunication, the sedimentation tank delivery port with the pond intercommunication.
3. The pond engineered recirculating aquaculture system of claim 1, wherein: the water quality adjusting and controlling machine is a movable solar water quality adjusting and controlling machine.
4. The pond engineered recirculating aquaculture system of claim 1, wherein: the ecological base is banded, five ecological base parallel along the rivers direction are established.
5. The pond engineered recirculating aquaculture system of claim 1, wherein: and the coasts at the two sides of the water retaining dam and the coasts of the pond are both planted with the waterweeds.
6. The pond engineered recirculating aquaculture system of claim 1, wherein: water sample collection points are arranged in ponds on the two sides of the water retaining dam, the water inlet end of the running water culture tank, the running water culture tank and the tail of the running water culture tank.
7. A water quality control method of a pond engineering recirculating aquaculture system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the pond engineering recirculating aquaculture system of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the water quality control method comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating spotted silver carps and silver carps with the length of 18-22cm at one side of the pond provided with the water quality regulating and controlling machine;
(2) breeding the snails at one side of the pond, which is provided with the water quality adjusting and controlling machine;
(3) and starting the water quality adjusting and controlling machine in sunny days.
8. The water quality control method of the pond engineering recirculating aquaculture system of claim 7, wherein: the total amount of the spotted silver carp and the silver carp is 1300-1400, and the proportion of the spotted silver carp and the silver carp is 1: 1.8-2.2.
9. The water quality control method of the pond engineering recirculating aquaculture system of claim 7, wherein: the stocking amount of the snails is 55-65 jin/mu.
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| CN113575472A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-02 | 湖州师范学院 | Zero-pollution-discharge circulating water aquaculture method for pond |
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