CN110964752A - 一种橡子综合利用的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种橡子综合利用的方法,包括:(1)对成熟橡子处理;(2)制油:橡子仁烘炒至干,压制分离得橡子油和橡子仁渣;(3)橡子壳和橡子仁渣爆破处理:将橡子壳和橡子仁渣置入蒸汽爆破设备中,加水,加入淀粉酶,高温蒸煮,冷却后,加入糖化酶,55‑65℃水浴55‑65分钟,发酵70‑74小时;(4)过滤、分离:将步骤(3)中爆破处理后的橡子壳和橡子仁渣过滤,分成滤渣和滤液两部分,滤渣直接加入酵母,发酵70‑74小时,得乙醇,生产乙醇后的尾渣脱水,得高蛋白饲料,滤液用于生产单宁;(5)生产单宁。本发明方法新颖独特,易操作,生产效率高,节能环保,可有效以橡子为原料实现生产橡子油、单宁、乙醇和高蛋白饲料的综合利用,经济和社会效益巨大。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化工领域,特别是可以用于加工生产橡子油、单宁、乙醇和高蛋白饲料的一种橡子综合利用的方法。
背景技术
橡子(alom)是壳斗科(fagaceae)植物果实的统称,壳斗科植物一般为落叶或常绿乔木,希为灌木。本科共有7属,约有900种,广布于温带和亚热带,主产亚洲。我国是橡子主产地之一。我国有5属,各地均有。主产南方、西南;我国北方著名的橡树有据研究橡子的主要的成分有淀粉、单糖、双糖、蛋白质、脂肪、纤维素、VB、单宁和灰分等。现代商贸工业报道,橡子仁含淀粉50.6%~58.7%,脂肪21%~26%,蛋白质11.7%~15.8%,单宁10.2%~14.1%,灰分1.3%~2.2%,;有研究结果表明,橡子仁的可利用营养价值接近或略低于玉米,但优于稻谷,是一种良好的可利用野生经济植物资源。橡子中含量最低的氨基酸是胱氨酸,其次是色氨酸、蛋氨酸,但谷物类的限制氨基酸——精氨酸和赖氨酸的相对含量高出玉米52%和68%。橡子中锌、铁含量稍低于玉米和高粱、辽东栎、蒙古栎。我国是世界上橡子生产大国,面积和产量占全世界的50%以上。
从目前的专利及文献报道来看,对于橡子的利用还停留在单一产品开发层面,不仅难以实现橡子资源的综合利用,而且产生较严重的污染问题。因此,建立橡子资源清洁无污染的高效资源利用生态产业链,具有非常重要的意义。低压无污染蒸汽爆破技术(简称汽爆技术)近些年被广泛应用于造纸、饲料加工、药物提取等行业。它利用高温高压水蒸汽渗入物料组织的孔隙和细胞之中,然后瞬间高速释放出来,所产生的机械力可以产生一定程度上的机械撕裂作用,有效地破坏橡子壳结晶结构,它本身成本较低,且从根本上解决了化学试剂的添加造成的二次污染问题,几乎可达到污染零排放。汽爆技术整合了化学水解和物理粉碎作用,能够在短时间 ( 几分钟 ) 内有效破坏原料细胞壁的致密结构。若将汽爆技术应用于板栗苞色素的提取及其综合利用,一方面可以提高橡子提取效率,另一方面可以减少提取耗水量,但至今未见有公开报导。
发明内容
针对上述情况,为克服现有技术之缺陷,本发明之目的就是提供一种橡子综合利用的方法,可有效解决橡子生产橡子油、单宁、乙醇和高蛋白饲料的综合利用问题。
本发明的技术方案是,一种橡子综合利用的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)对成熟橡子处理:将成熟的橡子破壳分成橡子壳和橡子仁,橡子壳收集另用,橡子仁用于制油;
(2)制油:橡子仁烘炒至干,压制分离得橡子油和橡子仁渣,橡子油做食用油;
(3)橡子壳和橡子仁渣爆破处理:将橡子壳和橡子仁渣置入蒸汽爆破设备中,橡子壳和橡子仁渣:水按重量比为1:2加水,按10u/g加入淀粉酶,80-100℃高温蒸煮25-32分钟,冷却后,按200u/g加入糖化酶,55-65℃水浴55-65分钟,在32-38℃发酵70-74小时,以饱和水蒸气进行处理,处理压力为0.8-2.0Mpa,处理时间为0.5-4min;
(4)过滤、分离:将步骤(3)中爆破处理后的橡子壳和橡子仁渣过滤,分成滤渣和滤液两部分,滤渣直接加入酵母,在32-38℃发酵70-74小时,得乙醇,生产乙醇后的尾渣脱水,得高蛋白饲料,滤液用于生产单宁;
(5)生产单宁:
a. 滤液浓缩,得相对密度为1.2-1.5的浓缩物;
b.烘干:将浓缩物在140-160℃条件下烘干25-35min;
c.制粉:将烘干后的浓缩物,在700-900 r/min条件下粉碎4-6min,得过300~400目筛的粉粒;
d.真空反应:将粉粒置入真空反应釜中,真空度为-0.05 KPa~-0.08KPa,注入丙烷,粉粒与丙烷的重量体积比为1:2,所述的重量体积比是指固体以g计,液体以ml计,搅拌反应28-32min,卸压后得到单宁。
本发明方法新颖独特,易操作,生产效率高,节能环保,可有效以橡子为原料实现生产橡子油、单宁、乙醇和高蛋白饲料的综合利用,开拓了橡子的实用价值和商业价值,经济和社会效益巨大。
附图说明
图1是本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。
实施例1
(1)对成熟橡子处理:将100Kg成熟的橡子破壳分成橡子壳和橡子仁,橡子壳收集另用,橡子仁用于制油;
(2)制油:橡子仁烘炒至干,用螺杆机压制分离得橡子油和橡子仁渣,橡子油做食用油,橡子油得率为10%,符合LS/T3242—2014规定的标准;
(3)橡子壳和橡子仁渣爆破处理:将橡子壳和橡子仁渣置入蒸汽爆破设备中,橡子壳和橡子仁渣:水按重量比为1:2加水,按10u/g加入淀粉酶,90℃高温蒸煮30分钟,冷却后,按200u/g加入糖化酶,60℃水浴60分钟,在35℃发酵72小时,以饱和水蒸气进行处理,处理压力为0.9Mpa,处理时间为2.25min;
(4)过滤、分离:将步骤(3)中爆破处理后的橡子壳和橡子仁渣过滤,分成滤渣和滤液两部分,滤渣直接加入酵母,在35℃发酵72小时,得乙醇,得率26%,符合GB/T31640—2016规定的标准,生产乙醇后的尾渣脱水,得高蛋白饲料,得率为46%,符合GB/T36863—2018规定的标准,滤液用于生产单宁;
(5)生产单宁:
a. 滤液浓缩,得相对密度为1.3的浓缩物;
b.烘干:将浓缩物在150℃条件下烘干30min;
c.制粉:将烘干后的浓缩物,在800 r/min条件下粉碎5min,得过300~400目筛的粉粒;
d.真空反应:将粉粒置入真空反应釜中,真空度为-0.05 KPa~-0.08KPa,注入丙烷,粉粒与丙烷的重量体积比为1:2,搅拌反应30min,卸压后得到单宁,得率10%,符合GB/T31740.2—2015规定的标准。
实施例2
(1)对成熟橡子处理:将100Kg成熟的橡子破壳分成橡子壳和橡子仁,橡子壳收集另用,橡子仁用于制油;
(2)制油:橡子仁烘炒至干,用螺杆机压制分离得橡子油和橡子仁渣,橡子油做食用油,橡子油得率为10%,符合LS/T3242—2014规定的标准;
(3)橡子壳和橡子仁渣爆破处理:将橡子壳和橡子仁渣置入蒸汽爆破设备中,橡子壳和橡子仁渣:水按重量比为1:2加水,按10u/g加入淀粉酶,80℃高温蒸煮32分钟,冷却后,按200u/g加入糖化酶,55℃水浴65分钟,在32℃发酵74小时,以饱和水蒸气进行处理,处理压力为0.8Mpa,处理时间为4min;
(4)过滤、分离:将步骤(3)中爆破处理后的橡子壳和橡子仁渣过滤,分成滤渣和滤液两部分,滤渣直接加入酵母,在32℃发酵74小时,得乙醇,得率为28%,符合GB/T31640—2016规定的标准,生产乙醇后的尾渣脱水,得高蛋白饲料,得率为48%,符合GB/T36863—2018规定的标准,滤液用于生产单宁;
(5)生产单宁:
a. 滤液浓缩,得相对密度为1.2的浓缩物;
b.烘干:将浓缩物在140℃条件下烘干35min;
c.制粉:将烘干后的浓缩物,在700 r/min条件下粉碎6min,得过300~400目筛的粉粒;
d.真空反应:将粉粒置入真空反应釜中,真空度为-0.05 KPa~-0.08KPa,注入丙烷,粉粒与丙烷的重量体积比为1:2,搅拌反应28min,卸压后得到单宁,得率10%,符合GB/T31740.2—2015规定的标准。
实施例3
(1)对成熟橡子处理:将100Kg成熟的橡子破壳分成橡子壳和橡子仁,橡子壳收集另用,橡子仁用于制油;
(2)制油:橡子仁烘炒至干,用螺杆机压制分离得橡子油和橡子仁渣,橡子油做食用油,橡子油得率为10%,符合LS/T3242—2014规定的标准;
(3)橡子壳和橡子仁渣爆破处理:将橡子壳和橡子仁渣置入蒸汽爆破设备中,橡子壳和橡子仁渣:水按重量比为1:2加水,按10u/g加入淀粉酶,100℃高温蒸煮25分钟,冷却后,按200u/g加入糖化酶,65℃水浴55分钟,在38℃发酵70小时,以饱和水蒸气进行处理,处理压力为2.0Mpa,处理时间为0.5min;
(4)过滤、分离:将步骤(3)中爆破处理后的橡子壳和橡子仁渣过滤,分成滤渣和滤液两部分,滤渣直接加入酵母,在38℃发酵70小时,得乙醇,得率为30%,符合GB/T31640—2016规定的标准,生产乙醇后的尾渣脱水,得高蛋白饲料,得率为48%,符合GB/T36863—2018规定的标准,滤液用于生产单宁;
(5)生产单宁:
a. 滤液浓缩,得相对密度为1.5的浓缩物;
b.烘干:将浓缩物在160℃条件下烘干25min;
c.制粉:将烘干后的浓缩物,在900 r/min条件下粉碎4min,得过300~400目筛的粉粒;
d.真空反应:将粉粒置入真空反应釜中,真空度为-0.05 KPa~-0.08KPa,注入丙烷,粉粒与丙烷的重量体积比为1:2,搅拌反应32min,卸压后得到单宁,得率10%,符合GB/T31740.2—2015规定的标准。
本发明方法简单科学,易操作,可有效以橡子为原料实现生产橡子油、单宁、乙醇和高蛋白饲料的综合利用,与现有技术相比,具有以下突出的优点。
1.制备橡子仁中的油脂,提高橡子的经济效益;
2.采用蒸汽爆破法预处理橡子壳和橡子仁渣,克服传统粉碎方法能耗高,噪音大,粉尘大,易磨损的不足;
3.汽爆后的滤液可直接经吸附等方法提取单宁,减少提取单宁耗水量,提高提取率,节省了生产成本;
4.滤渣的二次开发利用,生产高蛋白饲料,变废为宝,既环保有经济;
5.可实现橡子资源的高效、清洁、无污染综合利用,开拓了橡子的实用价值和商业价值,经济和社会效益巨大。
Claims (4)
1.一种橡子综合利用的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)对成熟橡子处理:将成熟的橡子破壳分成橡子壳和橡子仁,橡子壳收集另用,橡子仁用于制油;
(2)制油:橡子仁烘炒至干,压制分离得橡子油和橡子仁渣,橡子油做食用油;
(3)橡子壳和橡子仁渣爆破处理:将橡子壳和橡子仁渣置入蒸汽爆破设备中,橡子壳和橡子仁渣:水按重量比为1:2加水,按10u/g加入淀粉酶,80-100℃高温蒸煮25-32分钟,冷却后,按200u/g加入糖化酶,55-65℃水浴55-65分钟,在32-38℃发酵70-74小时,以饱和水蒸气进行处理,处理压力为0.8-2.0Mpa,处理时间为0.5-4min;
(4)过滤、分离:将步骤(3)中爆破处理后的橡子壳和橡子仁渣过滤,分成滤渣和滤液两部分,滤渣直接加入酵母,在32-38℃发酵70-74小时,得乙醇,生产乙醇后的尾渣脱水,得高蛋白饲料,滤液用于生产单宁;
(5)生产单宁:
a. 滤液浓缩,得相对密度为1.2-1.5的浓缩物;
b.烘干:将浓缩物在140-160℃条件下烘干25-35min;
c.制粉:将烘干后的浓缩物,在700-900 r/min条件下粉碎4-6min,得过300~400目筛的粉粒;
d.真空反应:将粉粒置入真空反应釜中,真空度为-0.05 KPa~-0.08KPa,注入丙烷,粉粒与丙烷的重量体积比为1:2,所述的重量体积比是指固体以g计,液体以ml计,搅拌反应28-32min,卸压后得到单宁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的橡子综合利用的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)对成熟橡子处理:将成熟的橡子破壳分成橡子壳和橡子仁,橡子壳收集另用,橡子仁用于制油;
(2)制油:橡子仁烘炒至干,用螺杆机压制分离得橡子油和橡子仁渣,橡子油做食用油;
(3)橡子壳和橡子仁渣爆破处理:将橡子壳和橡子仁渣置入蒸汽爆破设备中,橡子壳和橡子仁渣:水按重量比为1:2加水,按10u/g加入淀粉酶,90℃高温蒸煮30分钟,冷却后,按200u/g加入糖化酶,60℃水浴60分钟,在35℃发酵72小时,以饱和水蒸气进行处理,处理压力为0.9Mpa,处理时间为2.25min;
(4)过滤、分离:将步骤(3)中爆破处理后的橡子壳和橡子仁渣过滤,分成滤渣和滤液两部分,滤渣直接加入酵母,在35℃发酵72小时,得乙醇,生产乙醇后的尾渣脱水,得高蛋白饲料,滤液用于生产单宁;
(5)生产单宁:
a. 滤液浓缩,得相对密度为1.3的浓缩物;
b.烘干:将浓缩物在150℃条件下烘干30min;
c.制粉:将烘干后的浓缩物,在800 r/min条件下粉碎5min,得过300~400目筛的粉粒;
d.真空反应:将粉粒置入真空反应釜中,真空度为-0.05 KPa~-0.08KPa,注入丙烷,粉粒与丙烷的重量体积比为1:2,所述的重量体积比是指固体以g计,液体以ml计,搅拌反应30min,卸压后得到单宁。
3.根据权利要求1所述的橡子综合利用的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)对成熟橡子处理:将成熟的橡子破壳分成橡子壳和橡子仁,橡子壳收集另用,橡子仁用于制油;
(2)制油:橡子仁烘炒至干,用螺杆机压制分离得橡子油和橡子仁渣,橡子油做食用油;
(3)橡子壳和橡子仁渣爆破处理:将橡子壳和橡子仁渣置入蒸汽爆破设备中,橡子壳和橡子仁渣:水按重量比为1:2加水,按10u/g加入淀粉酶,80℃高温蒸煮32分钟,冷却后,按200u/g加入糖化酶,55℃水浴65分钟,在32℃发酵74小时,以饱和水蒸气进行处理,处理压力为0.8Mpa,处理时间为4min;
(4)过滤、分离:将步骤(3)中爆破处理后的橡子壳和橡子仁渣过滤,分成滤渣和滤液两部分,滤渣直接加入酵母,在32℃发酵74小时,得乙醇,生产乙醇后的尾渣脱水,得高蛋白饲料,滤液用于生产单宁;
(5)生产单宁:
a. 滤液浓缩,得相对密度为1.2的浓缩物;
b.烘干:将浓缩物在140℃条件下烘干35min;
c.制粉:将烘干后的浓缩物,在700 r/min条件下粉碎6min,得过300~400目筛的粉粒;
d.真空反应:将粉粒置入真空反应釜中,真空度为-0.05 KPa~-0.08KPa,注入丙烷,粉粒与丙烷的重量体积比为1:2,所述的重量体积比是指固体以g计,液体以ml计,搅拌反应28min,卸压后得到单宁。
4.根据权利要求1所述的橡子综合利用的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)对成熟橡子处理:将成熟的橡子破壳分成橡子壳和橡子仁,橡子壳收集另用,橡子仁用于制油;
(2)制油:橡子仁烘炒至干,用螺杆机压制分离得橡子油和橡子仁渣,橡子油做食用油;
(3)橡子壳和橡子仁渣爆破处理:将橡子壳和橡子仁渣置入蒸汽爆破设备中,橡子壳和橡子仁渣:水按重量比为1:2加水,按10u/g加入淀粉酶,100℃高温蒸煮25分钟,冷却后,按200u/g加入糖化酶,65℃水浴55分钟,在38℃发酵70小时,以饱和水蒸气进行处理,处理压力为2.0Mpa,处理时间为0.5min;
(4)过滤、分离:将步骤(3)中爆破处理后的橡子壳和橡子仁渣过滤,分成滤渣和滤液两部分,滤渣直接加入酵母,在38℃发酵70小时,得乙醇,生产乙醇后的尾渣脱水,得高蛋白饲料,滤液用于生产单宁;
(5)生产单宁:
a. 滤液浓缩,得相对密度为1.5的浓缩物;
b.烘干:将浓缩物在160℃条件下烘干25min;
c.制粉:将烘干后的浓缩物,在900 r/min条件下粉碎4min,得过300~400目筛的粉粒;
d.真空反应:将粉粒置入真空反应釜中,真空度为-0.05 KPa~-0.08KPa,注入丙烷,粉粒与丙烷的重量体积比为1:2,所述的重量体积比是指固体以g计,液体以ml计,搅拌反应32min,卸压后得到单宁。
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CN103305556A (zh) * | 2013-07-03 | 2013-09-18 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | 一种汽爆橡子壳发酵生产乙醇的方法 |
CN103773812A (zh) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种橡实制备燃料乙醇及资源化利用的方法 |
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CN103773812A (zh) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种橡实制备燃料乙醇及资源化利用的方法 |
CN103305556A (zh) * | 2013-07-03 | 2013-09-18 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | 一种汽爆橡子壳发酵生产乙醇的方法 |
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