CN110952981B - Residual ore mining method for gently inclined medium-thick and large ore body - Google Patents
Residual ore mining method for gently inclined medium-thick and large ore body Download PDFInfo
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- CN110952981B CN110952981B CN201911111408.5A CN201911111408A CN110952981B CN 110952981 B CN110952981 B CN 110952981B CN 201911111408 A CN201911111408 A CN 201911111408A CN 110952981 B CN110952981 B CN 110952981B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
Abstract
The invention provides a method for extracting residual ores from a gently inclined medium-thick and large ore body, which is suitable for extracting the residual ores from the gently inclined medium-thick and large ore body with high ore grade and good value. Firstly, filling the original room column old goaf by using a high-strength cemented filling body, and reserving a 1.5-2m goaf at the top as a free surface and a compensation space for stoping an upper ore body during filling. According to the thickness of the upper layer ore body, a shallow hole room column method or a point column type upward layered filling method is adopted to recover the upper layer ore body and fill the upper layer ore body to be connected with the top, and then an upward layered approach filling method is adopted to recover the lower layer ore body. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of safe stoping operation, high ore recovery rate, low dilution rate, flexibility and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underground mining, in particular to a method for extracting residual ore from a slowly-inclined medium-thick and large ore body, which is suitable for extracting the residual ore from the slowly-inclined medium-thick and large ore body with high ore grade and good value.
Background
The slowly inclined medium-thick and large ore body is one of the most typical difficult-to-mine ore bodies, and is limited by occurrence conditions, rock drilling, ore removal, support and the like, so that the safe, efficient and economic mining of the ore body is difficult to realize. Before the filling mining technology is not popularized, when few old mines and small mines in China mine slowly-inclined medium-thick and large ore bodies, a shallow hole room-column method is often adopted for stoping, the stoping is limited by roof management and support, a core digging method is often adopted for stoping in the stoping process, namely, only the middle position of the ore body is stoped, the stoping height is 6-15m, ores are discharged completely, a large amount of precious ore bodies are remained on the top and the bottom of a dead zone, the stoping rate of the ores is about 40% or above, the waste of a large amount of mineral resources is caused, or some mining mountains are excavated out of order, and the mining is seen, or the geological prospecting degree is not enough, so that the phenomenon can be caused.
Because the height of the goaf of the stope reaches 6-15m and exceeds the effective operation height of manual or conventional prying equipment, personnel and equipment cannot enter the stope for operation, the residual ore body is required to be recovered, the safety of the stoping operation by adopting a conventional method and the prior art is poor, and the stoping difficulty is very high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the difficult problem of residual ore extraction of the gently inclined medium-thick and thick large ore body, the invention discloses a method for extracting residual ore of the gently inclined medium-thick and thick large ore body, which can effectively solve the problems of poor safety and high extraction difficulty of the conventional method for extracting the ore body.
A method for extracting residual ore from a slowly-inclined medium-thick and large ore body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a filling return airway from an upper middle section top pillar upper plate, communicating the filling connection airway and a filling return air well with an old goaf mined by an original room pillar method, filling the old goaf by adopting a high-strength cemented filling body, wherein the single-shaft compressive strength of the high-strength cemented filling body is more than or equal to 3MPa after 60 days, the top is not connected during filling, and the old goaf with the top of 1.5-2m is reserved as a free surface and a compensation space of upper ore body stoping blasting;
(step 2), constructing a chute in a bottom column of the lower middle section, wherein the chute corresponds to each chamber of the original room-column method one by one, namely, each chamber is provided with a chute, the chute is constructed to the junction of an ore body and surrounding rocks of a roof, a connecting channel is constructed from the elevation position of the top surface of a filling body and communicated with an old dead zone reserved at the top by 1.5-2m, a scraper chamber is constructed opposite to the connecting channel, when an upper-layer ore body is stoped by adopting a point-column type upward layered filling method, the connecting channel and the scraper chamber are required to be arranged upwards every 3m, and the upper and lower adjacent layers of connecting channels and scraper chambers are arranged in a 60-degree staggered manner;
(step 3) picking and supporting a reserved top plate of the old goaf of 1.5-2.0m from bottom to top, and constructing a row of upward medium-length holes on the central line of each chamber along the ore body inclination direction in the old goaf by adopting an YGZ-90 drilling machine to find out the thickness of the upper layer ore body;
(step 4), stoping the upper ore body by adopting a shallow hole room column method when the thickness of the upper ore body is less than or equal to 5m, and adopting a cemented filling body to fill and connect the roof, stoping the upper ore body by adopting a point column type upward layered filling method when the thickness of the upper ore body is more than 5m, wherein the layered height is 3m, the roof is filled after the last layered stoping is finished, and when stoping the upper ore body by adopting the shallow hole room column method or the point column type upward layered filling method, the positions of reserved point columns correspond to the positions of old goaf ore columns one by one and the sizes are the same;
and (5) stoping the lower-layer ore body, and stoping by adopting an upward layered route filling method, wherein layered stoping is divided into when the thickness of the lower-layer ore body is less than or equal to 3.0m, layered stoping is carried out when the thickness of the ore body is more than 3.0m, the layered height is 3.0m, when the uppermost layered route is stoped, only one step route is filled, and the two step route is not filled.
Furthermore, at least two filling connecting roadways and filling return air shafts in the step 1 are arranged in each stope and are used as pedestrian return air channels during the stope of the upper-layer ore body.
Further, the angle of the upward medium-length hole in the step (3) is 90 degrees, and the hole distance is 8-10 m.
Further, when the middle-upper layered ore body is mined in the step (4), a shallow hole rock drill is adopted to construct a horizontal or quasi-horizontal shallow hole, and a lower empty area is used as a free surface and a compensation space to perform top pressing blasting.
Preferably, in the step (4), the strength of the cemented filling body during top contact filling requires that the uniaxial compressive strength of the cemented filling body for 28 days is greater than or equal to 1 MPa.
Preferably, in the step (5), the section of the approach path is 3m × 3m, the strength of the one-step cemented filling body requires that the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength is greater than or equal to 2MPa, and the strength of the two-step cemented filling body requires that the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength is greater than or equal to 1 MPa.
Further, in the step (4), when the upper-layer ore body is mined by adopting a point-column type upward layered filling method, a roof needs to be supported in a reasonable mode.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method has the advantages that the old goaf is filled by the high-strength filling body, so that the goaf is prevented from collapsing, and the stoping safety can be guaranteed.
(2) When the old goaf is filled, the 1.5-2.0m goaf is reserved on the upper part and is not filled, and the goaf is used as a free surface and a compensation space of the stoping and roof pressing blasting of the upper layer ore body, so that the stoping and cutting engineering quantity during stoping of the upper layer ore body can be effectively reduced, the unit cost of stoping is reduced, and meanwhile, the roof pressing blasting is beneficial to controlling the blasting effect and reducing the protection of blasting on roof rock bodies.
(3) The upper ore body and the lower ore body adopt shallow holes for stoping, are flexible, are beneficial to removing stones, control dilution and ensure the recovery rate of ores.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a stope by a room-column method of the original stope mining method of the slowly-inclined medium-thick large ore body provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of an original room-column method stope of the gentle slope medium-thick ore body residual ore stoping method provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of filling a conventional room column goaf in a gentle dip medium-thick ore body residual ore mining method provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of an upper ore body stope of the gentle dip medium-thick large ore body residual ore stope stoping method provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal section of an upper ore body stope of the gentle dip medium-thick large ore body residual ore stope mining method provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal section of a lower ore body stope by the gentle slope medium-thick ore body residual ore stoping method provided by the invention;
in the figure: 1-upper middle top pillar; 2-lower middle bottom pillar; 3-old dead zone; 4-dot column; 5-upper ore body; 6-lower ore body; 7-filling a return airway; 8-filling the connecting lane; 9-filling a return air shaft; 10-high strength cemented filling; 11-chute shaft; 12-a scraper chamber; 13-a stoping route; 14-cemented filling mass.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in figures 1 to 6, the ore body of a gold ore in Hami of Xinjiang is a gently inclined ore body, the average geological grade of the ore body is 3-4 g/t, the average inclination angle is 10 degrees, the average thickness is 4-5 m, and the stoping is carried out by a shallow hole room column method since the ore is built in 1960. Along with the increase of the mining depth, the thickness of the ore body of the No. 3 deep exploration line-No. 7 deep exploration line reaches about 20m in the middle section of-450 m, because the mining technical level of the ore is not high at that time, and a filling system is not established in the ore at that time, the shallow hole room-column method is still adopted to perform 'coring' on the thick ore body of the part, only the ore body about 8m in the middle is mined, and a large amount of ore bodies are left on the upper and lower trays.
Example one
The invention provides a method for extracting residual ores from slowly-inclined medium-thick and large ore bodies, which comprises the following steps:
(step 1), constructing a filling return airway 7 from an upper middle section top pillar 1, wherein the section of the filling return airway 7 is 3m multiplied by 3m, a filling connection airway 8 and a filling return airway 9 are communicated with an old goaf 3 mined by an original room pillar method, the sections of the filling connection airway 8 and the filling return airway 9 are 2m multiplied by 2m, the old goaf 3 is filled by a high-strength cemented filling body 10, the 60-day uniaxial compressive strength of the high-strength cemented filling body 10 is required to be more than or equal to 3MPa, roof contact is not required during filling, and the top 1.5 of the old goaf 3 is reserved as a free surface and a compensation space of upper layer ore body 5 mining blasting.
(step 2), constructing a chute 11 in a bottom column 2 of the lower middle section, wherein the section size of the chute 11 is phi 1.8m, the chute 11 corresponds to each chamber of the original chamber-column method one by one, namely, one chute 11 is arranged in each chamber, the chute 11 is constructed to the junction of the ore body and surrounding rocks of a roof, an interconnecting channel is constructed from the elevation position of the top surface of the filling body and communicated with an old goaf 3 reserved with 1.5-2m at the top, a scraper chamber 12 is constructed opposite to the interconnecting channel, the interconnecting channel and the scraper chamber 12 are required to be arranged upwards every 3m, and the interconnecting channel and the scraper chamber 12 of the upper and lower adjacent layers are arranged in a 60-degree staggered manner. The cross section size of the communication road is 2m multiplied by 2m, and the specifications of the scraper chamber 12 are 2m multiplied by 2m (length multiplied by width multiplied by height).
And (step 3) carrying out prying detection and supporting on a top plate of the reserved 1.5-2.0m old goaf 3 from bottom to top, and constructing a row of upward medium-length holes on the central line of each chamber along the ore body inclination direction in the old goaf 3 by adopting an YGZ-90 drilling machine to find out the thickness of the upper layer ore body 5. The bore diameter of the constructed drill hole is 65mm, the angle is 90 degrees, the distance between blast holes is 10m, and the thickness of the upper-layer ore body 5 is proved to be 9 m.
(step 4), adopting a point column type upward layered filling method to stope an upper layer ore body 5, wherein the layered height is 3m, the ore body is divided into 3 layers to carry out stoping, the layered stoping height is 3m, the maximum empty roof height is 4.5m, after the last layered stoping is finished, filling and roof-contacting are carried out, the size of the reserved point column 4 is 3m multiplied by 3m, the positions of the reserved point column are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the 3 ore columns in the old goaf, and the sizes of the reserved point column 4 are the same. And (3) adopting 7655 gas-leg rock drill for rock drilling in stope, wherein the diameter of blast holes is 40-42mm, the row spacing of the blast holes is 0.8m, the hole spacing is 1-1.2m, the ore is removed by 30kW scraper, and the ore is loaded and transported out in a lower transport lane through a chute 11. In the process of extraction, the roof plate is supported by an anchor rod, the anchor rod is a resin anchor rod, the length of the anchor rod is 1.8m, and the mesh degree is 2m multiplied by 2 m. The stope filling requires roof connection, and the 14-day strength of the cemented filling body requires that the uniaxial compressive strength is more than or equal to 1MPa in 28 days during roof connection.
And (step 5) stoping the lower-layer ore body 6, and stoping by adopting an upward layered route filling method, wherein layered stoping is divided into when the thickness of the lower-layer ore body 6 is less than or equal to 3.0m, layered stoping is carried out when the thickness of the ore body is more than 3.0m, the layered height is 3.0m, and when the uppermost layered route is stoped, only one-step route is filled, and the two-step route is not filled. The section specification of the stoping drift 13 is 3m multiplied by 3m, the strength of the first-step drift cemented filling body 14 requires that the uniaxial compressive strength is more than or equal to 2MPa in 28 days, and the strength of the second-step drift cemented filling body 14 requires that the uniaxial compressive strength is more than or equal to 1MPa in 28 days.
Example two
The invention provides a method for extracting residual ores from slowly-inclined medium-thick and large ore bodies, which comprises the following steps:
(step 1), constructing a filling return airway 7 from an upper middle section top pillar 11, wherein the section of the filling return airway 7 is 3m multiplied by 3m, a filling connection airway 8 and a filling return airway 9 are communicated with an old goaf 3 mined by an original room pillar method, the sections of the filling connection airway 8 and the filling return airway 9 are 2m multiplied by 2m, the old goaf 3 is filled by a high-strength cemented filling body 10, the 60-day uniaxial compressive strength of the high-strength cemented filling body 10 is required to be more than or equal to 3MPa, roof contact is not required during filling, and the top 1.5 of the old goaf 3 is reserved as a free surface and a compensation space of the upper layer ore body 5 mining blasting.
(step 2), constructing a chute 11 in the bottom pillar 2 of the lower middle section, wherein the section of the chute 11 is phi 1.8m, the chute 11 corresponds to each chamber of the original chamber-pillar method one by one, namely, one chute 11 is arranged in each chamber, the chute 11 is constructed to the junction of the ore body and the surrounding rock of the roof, an interconnecting channel is constructed from the elevation position of the top surface of the filling body and communicated with the old dead zone 3 reserved at the top by 1.5-2m, and a scraper chamber 12 is constructed opposite to the interconnecting channel. The cross section size of the communication road is 2m multiplied by 2m, and the specifications of the scraper chamber 12 are 2m multiplied by 2m (length multiplied by width multiplied by height).
And (step 3) carrying out prying detection and supporting on a top plate of the reserved 1.5-2.0m old goaf 3 from bottom to top, and constructing a row of upward medium-length holes on the central line of each chamber along the ore body inclination direction in the old goaf 3 by adopting an YGZ-90 drilling machine to find out the thickness of the upper layer ore body 5. The bore diameter of the constructed drill hole is 65mm, the angle is 90 degrees, the distance between blast holes is 10m, and the thickness of the upper-layer ore body 5 is proved to be 4 m.
(step 4), adopting a shallow hole room pillar method to stope the upper ore body 5, wherein the size of the reserved point pillar 4 is 3m multiplied by 3m, the positions of the point pillar are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the ore pillars in the old goaf 3, and the point pillars are the same in size. And (3) adopting 7655 gas-leg rock drill for rock drilling in stope, wherein the diameter of blast holes is 40-42mm, the row spacing of the blast holes is 0.8m, the hole spacing is 1-1.2m, the ore is removed by 30kW scraper, and the ore is loaded and transported out in a lower transport lane through a chute 11. In the process of extraction, the roof plate is supported by an anchor rod, the anchor rod is a resin anchor rod, the length of the anchor rod is 1.8m, and the mesh degree is 2m multiplied by 2 m. And filling the stope after stoping and ore removal of the stope, wherein the filling requires roof connection, and the 14-day strength of the cemented filling body requires that the uniaxial compressive strength is more than or equal to 1MPa in 28 days during roof connection.
And (step 5) stoping the lower-layer ore body 6, and stoping by adopting an upward layered route filling method, wherein layered stoping is divided into when the thickness of the lower-layer ore body 6 is less than or equal to 3.0m, layered stoping is carried out when the thickness of the ore body is more than 3.0m, the layered height is 3.0m, and when the uppermost layered route is stoped, only one-step route is filled, and the two-step route is not filled. The section specification of the stoping drift 13 is 3m multiplied by 3m, the strength of the first-step drift cemented filling body 14 requires that the uniaxial compressive strength is more than or equal to 2MPa in 28 days, and the strength of the second-step drift cemented filling body 14 requires that the uniaxial compressive strength is more than or equal to 1MPa in 28 days.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for extracting residual ore from a slowly-inclined medium-thick and large ore body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), constructing a filling return airway from an upper middle section of a top pillar, communicating the filling connection airway and a filling return air well with an old goaf mined by an original room pillar method, and filling the old goaf by adopting a high-strength cemented filling body, wherein the single-shaft compressive strength of the high-strength cemented filling body is more than or equal to 3MPa after 60 days, the top is not connected during filling, and 1.5-2m of the old goaf at the top is reserved as a free surface and a compensation space for stoping and blasting of an upper ore body;
step 2), constructing a chute in a bottom column of the lower middle section, wherein the chute corresponds to each chamber of the original room-column method one by one, namely, each chamber is provided with a chute, the chute is constructed to the junction of an ore body and surrounding rocks of a roof, a connecting channel is constructed from the elevation position of the top surface of a filling body and communicated with an old dead zone reserved at the top by 1.5-2m, a scraper chamber is constructed opposite to the connecting channel, when an upper-layer ore body is stoped by adopting a point-column type upward layered filling method, the connecting channel and the scraper chamber are required to be arranged upwards every 3m, and the upper and lower adjacent layers of the connecting channel and the scraper chamber are arranged in a 60-degree staggered manner;
step 3), carrying out prying detection and supporting on a reserved top plate of the 1.5-2.0m old goaf from bottom to top, and constructing a row of upward medium-length holes on the central line of each chamber along the ore body inclination direction in the old goaf by adopting an YGZ-90 drilling machine to find out the thickness of the upper layer ore body;
step 4), stoping the upper ore body by adopting a shallow hole room column method when the thickness of the upper ore body is less than or equal to 5m, and adopting a cemented filling body to fill and connect the roof, stoping the upper ore body by adopting a point column type upward layered filling method when the thickness of the upper ore body is more than 5m, wherein the layered height is 3m, the roof is filled and connected after the last layered stoping is finished, and when stoping the upper ore body by adopting the shallow hole room column method or the point column type upward layered filling method, the positions of reserved point columns correspond to the positions of old ore columns one by one and the sizes are the same;
and 5) stoping the lower-layer ore body, stoping by adopting an upward layered route filling method, dividing the lower-layer ore body into layered stoping when the thickness of the lower-layer ore body is less than or equal to 3.0m, stoping the upper-layer ore body when the thickness of the upper-layer ore body is greater than 3.0m, wherein the layered height is 3.0m, only filling the route of one step is performed when the stoping of the uppermost layered route is performed, and the route of the two steps is not filled.
2. The method for mining the residual ore of the gently inclined medium-thick and large ore body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: at least two filling connecting roadways and at least two filling return air shafts in the step 1) are arranged in each stope and are used as pedestrian return air channels during the stope of the upper-layer ore body.
3. The method for mining the residual ore of the gently inclined medium-thick and large ore body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 3), the angle between the upward medium-length hole and the top plate of the old goaf is 90 degrees, and the hole distance is 8-10 m.
4. The method for mining the residual ore of the gently inclined medium-thick and large ore body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and 4) when the upper-layered ore body is stoped in the step 4), a shallow hole rock drill is adopted to construct a horizontal or quasi-horizontal shallow hole, and a lower dead zone is used as a free surface and a compensation space to carry out roof pressing blasting.
5. The method for mining the residual ore of the gently inclined medium-thick and large ore body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 4), the strength of the cemented filling body during top contact filling is required to be more than or equal to 1MPa in a uniaxial compression strength of 28 days.
6. The method for mining the residual ore of the gently inclined medium-thick and large ore body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 5), the specification of the section of the access road is 3m multiplied by 3m, the strength of the cementitious filling body in the first step requires that the uniaxial compressive strength is more than or equal to 2MPa in 28 days, and the strength of the cementitious filling body in the second step requires that the uniaxial compressive strength is more than or equal to 1MPa in 28 days.
7. The method for mining the residual ore of the gently inclined medium-thick and large ore body according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: and in the step 4), when the upper-layer ore body is mined by adopting a point-column upward layered filling method, a roof needs to be supported in a reasonable mode.
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| CN113550751B (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2022-06-03 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Method for recovering near-surface caving ore body |
| CN113982587A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-28 | 山东黄金矿业科技有限公司深井开采实验室分公司 | Upward horizontal layered filling mining method for broken thin ore vein |
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| CN101403304A (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2009-04-08 | 昆明理工大学 | Large dead zone residual ore recovery method |
| CN101943008A (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2011-01-12 | 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 | Pillar reinforcement method of reclaim residual mine |
| CN102493806B (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2013-10-23 | 中南大学 | Mechanized continuous mining method for wall-type gentle-inclined thin ore body |
| CN103628877B (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-09-02 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of multilayer gentle dip is thin-in thick mineral deposit filling mining method |
| CN104895566B (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2017-03-08 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of remnant reclaiming mining codes |
| CN105863641B (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2018-05-15 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Medium-thickness gentle-inclination broken ore body chamber column type upward horizontal layered filling mining method |
| CN107829741B (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-07-05 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Mining method of gently inclined thin ore body |
| CN108843382A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-20 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Downward subsequent filling method suitable for unstable medium-thickness ore body of gently inclined surrounding rock |
| CN109296367A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-01 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Upward horizontal layered filling mining method for medium-thickness slowly-inclined broken ore body |
| CN110043263B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2024-01-30 | 福州大学 | Zone pre-control roof-based medium-deep hole reinforcement mining method for gently-inclined broken ore deposit |
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