CN110947734B - Method for treating urban and rural solid waste by cracking gasification system - Google Patents
Method for treating urban and rural solid waste by cracking gasification system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000008162 cooking oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/04—Phase separators; Separation of non fermentable material; Fractionation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for disposing urban and rural solid waste by a cracking gasification system, which comprises the following steps: 1) treating domestic garbage, kitchen garbage, food and beverage garbage and swill-cooked dirty oil to obtain a material to be dried, percolate and a substance capable of entering a three-phase oil extraction system; 2) working the three-phase oil extraction system to obtain a material to be dried; 3) feeding the materials to be dried into a bin type biological drying unit through a material distribution system for drying operation; 4) the dried mixture enters a sorting unit; 5) conveying the screened soil and the light combustible separated in the step 4) to a cracking gasification system for cracking gasification operation; 6) and purifying the high-temperature combustible gas obtained by the purification system. The application is mainly used for disposing urban and rural household garbage, and is used for cooperatively disposing illegal cooking oil, food waste and kitchen waste. Wherein, the solid residues separated from the catering, kitchen residues and illegal cooking oil and the domestic garbage are firstly biologically dried, and all the materials are effectively recycled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a method for treating urban and rural solid waste by a pyrolysis gasification system.
Background
At present, the difficulties of urban and rural solid waste disposal include the following points:
1. the garbage supply amount is low. Taking the domestic garbage as an example, the amount of the domestic garbage in general counties is below 300t/d, the total amount of catering, kitchen waste and illegal cooking oil is below 50t/d, the conventional incineration disposal process and the kitchen anaerobic biogas-raising power generation process are difficult to implement, and the investment amount is large.
2. A large amount of solid residues are required to be transported and disposed in the disposal process of catering, kitchen waste and illegal cooking oil, so that the investment cost is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problems, overcomes at least one defect, and provides a method for disposing urban and rural solid waste by using a pyrolysis gasification system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for disposing urban and rural solid waste by a pyrolysis gasification system comprises the following steps:
1) receiving domestic garbage, stirring and homogenizing the domestic garbage, filtering out percolate, crushing to obtain a first material to be dried, and conveying the percolate obtained from the domestic garbage to a domestic garbage sewage treatment system for treatment;
receiving kitchen waste, performing draining operation on the kitchen waste to obtain leachate, and crushing the kitchen waste to obtain a second material to be dried;
receiving food waste, carrying out draining operation on the food waste to obtain leachate, sorting the food waste, sorting out materials larger than a set value to obtain a third material to be dried, and feeding the rest materials into a three-phase oil extraction system;
receiving the illegal cooking oil, filtering solid substances to obtain a fourth material to be dried, and feeding liquid substances into the three-phase oil extraction system;
2) the three-phase oil extraction system works to obtain solid slag, grease and a water phase, wherein the solid slag is a fifth material to be dried; the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out draining operation on a water phase obtained by a three-phase oil extraction system, food waste to obtain leachate, carrying out draining operation on kitchen waste to obtain leachate, conveying the leachate to an adjusting tank, then feeding the leachate to an anaerobic fermentation unit, carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the anaerobic fermentation unit to obtain fermented liquid and impurity-containing biogas, and conveying the fermented liquid to a domestic waste sewage treatment system;
3) the first material to be dried, the second material to be dried, the third material to be dried, the fourth material to be dried and the fifth material to be dried enter a bin type biological drying unit for drying operation through a material distribution system according to a set proportion;
4) the dried mixture in the step 3) enters a sorting unit, and the sorting unit divides the mixture into heavy inorganic matters, metal substances, screening soil and light combustible substances;
5) conveying the impurity-containing biogas obtained in the step 2) to a cracking gasification system, mixing the screened soil and the light combustible according to a set proportion, and conveying the mixture to the cracking gasification system for cracking gasification operation to obtain slag and gaseous high-temperature combustible gas;
6) the gaseous high-temperature combustible gas is purified by the purification system to obtain clean combustible gas.
The scheme mainly treats urban and rural domestic garbage and cooperatively treats the illegal cooking oil, the food waste and the kitchen waste. The method is characterized in that solid residues separated from catering, kitchen waste and illegal cooking oil and domestic garbage are biologically dried together, and the solid residues and the domestic garbage enter a cracking gasification system for resource treatment after the water content is greatly reduced, and particularly, in the resource treatment process of the illegal cooking oil, the catering garbage and the kitchen waste, all materials are effectively subjected to resource treatment.
The sorting unit is arranged behind the bin type biological drying unit because the moisture content of the dried materials is greatly reduced, the viscosity is also greatly reduced, and the sorting of the materials is more facilitated. The bin type biological drying unit is adopted to carry out aerobic drying treatment on the mixed material and then the mixed material enters the cracking gasification system, so that the whole cracking working condition is better, and the control of the whole cracking gasification process is more facilitated.
During practical use, the three-phase oil extraction system can be an existing oil-water-slag three-phase separator, and by the centrifugal principle, under the heating state, the entering materials are divided into solid slag (solid phase), oil phase and water phase, the solid slag is also the fifth material to be dried, the oil phase is grease, the obtained grease is stored in a grease storage tank and can be sold and utilized.
The heavy inorganic substance in the step 4) and the slag obtained in the step 5) can be used as building material raw materials. The metal substance obtained in the step 4) can be sold and utilized.
The anaerobic fermentation unit can greatly reduce COD in the percolate, and the components of the fermented liquid after the anaerobic treatment are similar to those of the percolate of the domestic garbage, so the fermented liquid can also enter a domestic garbage sewage treatment system for cooperative treatment.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the bin type biological drying unit is provided with an aeration system and a floor heating system; the method for disposing urban and rural solid waste by the pyrolysis gasification system further comprises a step 7), wherein the step 7) is as follows: the clean combustible gas obtained in the step 6) is sent into an internal combustion engine generator set to generate electricity, the internal combustion engine generates high-temperature flue gas while generating electricity, part of the high-temperature flue gas is sent to a waste heat boiler to generate steam, the steam is conveyed to a three-phase oil extraction system to be used, the other part of the high-temperature flue gas is sent to a heat exchanger to obtain hot water, one part of the hot water enters a floor heating system to heat a bottom plate of a bin type biological drying unit, and the other part of the hot water is matched with an aeration system through a heat exchange tube and used for heating air entering the bin type biological drying unit.
The aeration system controls the whole biological drying process by controlling the oxygen content, temperature and humidity in the bin type biological drying unit, so that the whole biological drying process can be rapidly completed. The floor heating system is arranged at the bottom of the aeration system, the temperature in the bin can be rapidly improved through heat exchange of circulating water at the bottom of the bin, so that the whole biological drying process is accelerated, the degradation of organic matters in the whole mixed garbage is facilitated, the moisture content in the garbage is greatly reduced, and most of moisture at the place where the mixed garbage is removed is taken away by the air of the aeration system. In practical application, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas can be 500-550 ℃. Through the thermal utilization to high temperature flue gas, can enough provide steam for three-phase oil extraction system, can provide heat energy for storehouse formula biological drying unit again, the hot water that high temperature flue gas obtained through the heat transfer has partly to get into floor heating system and heats the bottom plate of storehouse formula biological drying unit, can improve the temperature in whole biological drying storehouse fast. The hot water of the other part is matched with the aeration system through the heat exchange tube, and the air entering the bin type biological drying unit can be heated, so that the whole biological drying process is further and rapidly realized.
The method for utilizing the high-temperature flue gas has high thermoelectric utilization rate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the domestic waste sewage treatment system works to obtain a concentrated solution, and the concentrated solution is delivered to the pyrolysis gasification system for pyrolysis gasification operation.
The concentrated solution obtained by the working of the domestic garbage sewage treatment system has a certain heat value, and the concentrated solution is conveyed to the pyrolysis gasification system for resource utilization, and the difficulty of removing the concentrated solution is solved.
The method can realize the closed cyclic utilization of various wastes, and is particularly suitable for the recycling process of urban and rural solid wastes.
In one embodiment of the invention, the household garbage and the kitchen garbage are crushed by the crusher, and the household garbage and the kitchen garbage share one crusher.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the crusher is used for crushing garbage to a particle size of less than 200 mm.
In actual use, when the household garbage and the kitchen garbage are separately provided with the crusher, the kitchen garbage is preferably crushed to have a particle size of 50mm or less.
During practical application, the squeezing unit can be arranged after crushing according to requirements, surface water of kitchen garbage is further squeezed, and then a second material to be dried is formed.
In one embodiment of the invention, the food waste is sorted by the sorting machine, and the set value of sorting is 60 mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in step 3), the total weight of the third material to be dried, the fourth material to be dried and the fifth material to be dried entering the bin-type biological drying unit is not more than 10% of the total weight of the first material to be dried and the second material to be dried entering the bin-type biological drying unit.
In one embodiment of the invention, the water content of the material passing through the bin type biological drying unit is reduced to below 30%.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the flow of the material is increased by the rinsing water when the drainage oil is filtered.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the pyrolysis gasification system includes a pyrolysis gasifier.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the scheme mainly treats urban and rural domestic garbage and cooperatively treats the illegal cooking oil, the food waste and the kitchen waste. The method is characterized in that solid residues separated from catering, kitchen waste and illegal cooking oil and domestic garbage are biologically dried together, and the solid residues and the domestic garbage enter a cracking gasification system for resource treatment after the water content is greatly reduced, and particularly, in the resource treatment process of the illegal cooking oil, the catering garbage and the kitchen waste, all materials are effectively subjected to resource treatment.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for disposing urban and rural solid waste by a pyrolysis gasification system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the pyrolysis gasifier;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the ratchet and drive mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the ratchet and drive mechanism.
The figures are numbered:
1. domestic garbage; 2. kitchen waste; 3. food waste; 4. waste oil; 5. a crusher; 6. a sorting machine; 7. a three-phase oil extraction system; 8. a grease storage tank; 9. a regulating tank; 10. an anaerobic fermentation unit; 11. a material distribution system; 12. a domestic waste sewage treatment system; 13. a bin type biological drying unit; 14. a sorting unit; 15. heavy inorganic matter; 16. a metallic species; 17. screening soil; 18. a light combustible; 19. a pyrolysis gasification system; 20. a purification system; 21. an internal combustion engine generator set; 22. a waste heat boiler; 23. a heat exchanger; 24. a floor heating system; 25. an aeration system; 26. a base; 27. a furnace body; 28. a support; 29. an ash tray; 30. a grate; 31. a slag slide carriage; 32. breaking slag teeth; 33. a rotating shaft; 34. material homogenizing teeth; 35. cooling liquid; 36. a dust removing knife; 37. a refractory layer; 38. a feed inlet; 39. a rotating frame; 40. material shifting teeth; 41. a body; 42. a support plate; 43. a drive structure; 44. a first annular catch; 45. a second annular catch; 46. an annular space; 47. a ratchet wheel; 48. a rolling member; 49. a drive mechanism; 50. water sealing the tank; 51. a telescopic element; 52. a push rod; 53. a mating shaft; 54. a directional guide rail; 55. a guide bar; 56. a mounting seat; 57. a rotating shaft; 58. material blocking; 59. a material sliding part; 60. a vertical portion; 61. an airway; 62. a combustible gas outlet; 63. a concentrate injection port; 64. closing the plate; 65. a fixed mount; 66. a housing; 67. sealing the cover; 68. an annular connecting cylinder; 69. tower edge; 70. and an air outlet.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for disposing urban and rural solid waste by using a pyrolysis gasification system 19 comprises the following steps:
1) receiving the household garbage 1, stirring and homogenizing the household garbage 1, filtering out percolate, crushing to obtain a first material to be dried, and conveying the percolate obtained from the household garbage 1 to a household garbage sewage treatment system 12 for treatment;
receiving the kitchen waste 2, draining the kitchen waste 2 to obtain leachate, and crushing the kitchen waste 2 to obtain a second material to be dried;
receiving food waste 3, draining the food waste 3 to obtain leachate, sorting the food waste 3, sorting out materials larger than a set value to obtain a third material to be dried, and feeding the rest materials into a three-phase oil extraction system 7;
receiving the illegal cooking oil 4, filtering solid substances to obtain a fourth material to be dried, and feeding liquid substances into a three-phase oil extraction system 7;
2) the three-phase oil extraction system 7 works to obtain solid slag, grease and a water phase, wherein the solid slag is a fifth material to be dried; the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out draining operation on a water phase obtained by a three-phase oil extraction system 7 to obtain a percolate, carrying out draining operation on food waste 3 to obtain a percolate, carrying out draining operation on kitchen waste 2 to obtain a percolate, conveying the percolate to an adjusting tank 9, then feeding the percolate into an anaerobic fermentation unit 10, carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the anaerobic fermentation unit 10 to obtain a fermented liquid and impurity-containing biogas, and conveying the fermented liquid to a domestic waste sewage treatment system 12;
3) the first material to be dried, the second material to be dried, the third material to be dried, the fourth material to be dried and the fifth material to be dried enter a bin type biological drying unit 13 for drying operation through a material distribution system 11 according to a set proportion;
4) the dried mixture in the step 3) enters a sorting unit 14, and the sorting unit 14 divides the mixture into heavy inorganic matters 15, metal matters 16, screening soil 17 and light combustible matters 18;
5) conveying the impurity-containing biogas obtained in the step 2) to a pyrolysis gasification system 19, mixing the screened soil 17 and the light combustible 18 according to a set proportion, and conveying the mixture to the pyrolysis gasification system 19 for pyrolysis gasification operation to obtain slag and gaseous high-temperature combustible gas;
6) the gaseous high-temperature combustible gas is purified by the purification system 20 to obtain clean combustible gas.
The scheme mainly treats urban and rural household garbage 1, and cooperatively treats the illegal cooking oil 4, the food waste 3 and the kitchen waste 2. Wherein, the solid residues separated from the catering, kitchen waste and the waste oil 4 and the domestic garbage 1 are firstly biologically dried, and then enter a cracking gasification system 19 for resource treatment after the water content is greatly reduced, and particularly, in the resource treatment process of the waste oil 4, the catering garbage 3 and the waste oil 2, all the materials are effectively treated in a resource way.
The sorting unit 14 is arranged behind the bin type biological drying unit 13 because the moisture content of the dried material is greatly reduced, the viscosity is also greatly reduced, and the sorting of the material is more facilitated. The bin type biological drying unit 13 is adopted to carry out aerobic drying treatment on the mixed material and then the mixed material enters the cracking gasification system 19, so that the whole cracking working condition is better, and the control of the whole cracking gasification process is more facilitated.
During practical use, the three-phase oil extraction system 7 can be an existing oil-water-slag three-phase separator, and divides the entering materials into solid slag (solid phase), oil phase and water phase under the heating state through the centrifugal principle, wherein the solid slag is the fifth material to be dried, the oil phase is grease, the obtained grease is stored in the grease storage tank 8 and then can be sold and utilized.
The heavy inorganic substance 15 in the step 4) and the slag obtained in the step 5) can be used as building material raw materials. The metal substance 16 obtained in the step 4) can be sold and utilized.
The anaerobic fermentation unit 10 can greatly reduce COD in the percolate, and the components of the fermented liquid after anaerobic treatment are similar to those of the percolate of the domestic garbage 1, so the fermented liquid can also enter the domestic garbage sewage treatment system 12 for cooperative treatment.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the bin type biological drying unit 13 is provided with an aeration system 25 and a floor heating system 24; the method for disposing urban and rural solid waste by the cracking gasification system 19 further comprises a step 7), and the step 7) is as follows: and (2) sending the clean combustible gas obtained in the step 6) into an internal combustion engine generator set 21 for power generation, generating high-temperature flue gas by the internal combustion engine while generating power, sending part of the high-temperature flue gas to a waste heat boiler 22 to generate steam, sending the steam to a three-phase oil extraction system 7 for use, sending the other part of the high-temperature flue gas to a heat exchanger 23 to obtain hot water, wherein one part of the hot water enters a floor heating system 24 to heat the bottom plate of the bin type biological drying unit 13, and the other part of the hot water is matched with an aeration system 25 through a heat exchange pipe and is used for heating air entering the bin type biological drying unit 13.
The aeration system 25 controls the whole biological drying process by controlling the oxygen content, temperature and humidity in the chamber type biological drying unit 13, so as to rapidly complete the whole biological drying process. The floor heating system 24 is arranged at the bottom of the aeration system 25, and the temperature in the bin can be rapidly increased through heat exchange of circulating water at the bottom of the bin, so that the whole biological drying process is accelerated, the degradation of organic matters in the whole mixed garbage is facilitated, the water content in the garbage is greatly reduced, and most of water at the place where the mixed garbage is removed is taken away by the air of the aeration system 25. In practical application, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas can be 500-550 ℃. Through the utilization to the high temperature flue gas heat, can enough provide steam for three-phase oil extraction system 7, can provide heat energy for storehouse formula biological drying unit 13 again, and the hot water that the high temperature flue gas obtained through the heat transfer has partly to get into floor heating system 24 and heats the bottom plate of storehouse formula biological drying unit 13, can improve the temperature in whole biological drying storehouse fast. The other part of the hot water is matched with the aeration system 25 through the heat exchange pipe, and can heat the air entering the bin type biological drying unit 13, so that the whole biological drying process is further and rapidly realized.
The method for utilizing the high-temperature flue gas has high thermoelectric utilization rate.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the domestic waste sewage treatment system 12 works to obtain a concentrated solution, and the concentrated solution is delivered to the pyrolysis gasification system 19 for pyrolysis gasification operation. The concentrated solution obtained by the working of the domestic waste sewage treatment system 12 has a certain heat value, and the concentrated solution is conveyed to the pyrolysis gasification system 19 for resource utilization, and the difficulty of removing the concentrated solution is solved. The method can realize the closed cyclic utilization of various wastes, and is particularly suitable for the recycling process of urban and rural solid wastes.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the household garbage 1 and the kitchen garbage 2 are crushed by the crusher 5, and the household garbage 1 and the kitchen garbage 2 share the same crusher 5. In this embodiment, the crusher 5 is used to crush the garbage to a particle size of 200mm or less.
In actual use, when the crusher 5 is provided separately for each of the household garbage 1 and the kitchen garbage 2, the kitchen garbage 2 is preferably crushed to a particle size of 50mm or less.
During practical application, the drying unit can be arranged after crushing according to requirements, further surface water of the kitchen garbage 2 is squeezed, and then a second material to be dried is formed.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the food waste 3 is sorted by the sorting machine 6, and the set value of sorting is 60 mm.
In this embodiment, in step 3), the total weight of the third material to be dried, the fourth material to be dried and the fifth material to be dried entering the bin-type biological drying unit 13 is not more than 10% of the total weight of the first material to be dried and the second material to be dried entering the bin-type biological drying unit 13.
In this embodiment, the water content of the material passing through the bin type biological drying unit 13 is reduced to below 30%.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, when the drainage oil 4 is filtered, the fluidity of the material is increased by the washing water.
As shown in fig. 2, the pyrolysis gasification system 19 includes a pyrolysis gasification furnace. In this embodiment, the pyrolysis gasifier includes:
a base 26;
the furnace body 27 is fixed on the basic base 26 through a bracket 28;
the ash tray 29 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 27 and can rotate relative to the furnace body 27, and the lower end of the furnace body 27 is positioned in the ash tray 29;
the furnace grate 30 is positioned at the lower part of the furnace body 27 and is fixed with the ash tray 29, a circle of slag slide carriage 31 is arranged around the lower part or the bottom of the furnace grate 30, slag breaking teeth 32 are arranged on the slag slide carriage 31, a rotating shaft 33 is arranged at the top of the furnace grate 30, a plurality of material homogenizing teeth 34 are arranged on the side wall of the rotating shaft 33 around the axis of the rotating shaft, the ash tray 29 is used for loading cooling liquid 35, and the liquid level of the cooling liquid 35 is higher than the lower end face of the furnace body 27.
The ash tray 29 of the pyrolysis gasifier drives the grate 30 to rotate together when rotating, namely, the slag slide carriage 31 is driven to rotate together, and because the slag breaking teeth 32 are arranged on the slag slide carriage 31, in the rotating process, the slag formed by slagging after the mixed garbage is pyrolyzed and gasified at high temperature can be effectively broken into fine slag to enter the cooling liquid 35 of the ash tray 29. The cracking gasification furnace is particularly suitable for mixed garbage with high viscosity, such as solid slag separated from catering, kitchen waste and illegal cooking oil 4.
In practice, the cooling liquid 35 may be water.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the ash removing device further includes an ash removing knife 36 fixed on the outer side wall of the furnace body 27, the lower end of the ash removing knife 36 extends to the bottom wall of the ash tray 29, and the side end is adjacent to the inner side wall of the ash tray 29; the furnace body 27 comprises an inner side wall, an outer side wall and a water jacket arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall, and a fire-resistant layer 37 is arranged at the lower part of the inner side wall of the furnace body 27.
The ash-sweeping plate is fixed with the furnace body 27, so that when the whole ash tray 29 rotates, the ash-sweeping plate is static and moves relatively, and the ash-sweeping function can be realized to sweep out cooled ash. The furnace body 27 is provided with the water jacket and the fire-resistant layer 37, so that the furnace body 27 can be effectively protected.
As shown in FIG. 2, in the present embodiment, the upper portion of the sidewall of the furnace body 27 has a feed inlet 38; the upper port of the furnace body 27 is rotatably provided with a rotating frame 39, the feeding port 38 is aligned with the rotating frame 39, and the rotating frame 39 is provided with a material poking tooth 40 around the axis of the rotating frame 39.
Thereby it is rotatory to set up can pivoted swivel mount 39 and can drive and dial material tooth 40, and the material is followed feed inlet 38 and is gone into the back like this, can be dialled material tooth 40 and carry out the homogenization earlier, then burns, the burning that can be more abundant like this. In practice, the feed inlet 38 is preferably fed by a screw.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the rotating frame 39 includes a body 41 with an inverted cone shape contacting with the material, the material-ejecting tooth 40 is disposed on the body 41, and the material-ejecting tooth 40 is disposed obliquely downward.
The material shifting teeth 40 are downward in inclined angle, so that the material feeding and homogenizing process is facilitated, the mixed garbage with high viscosity can be effectively scattered, the reliable blanking of the garbage can be facilitated in the cracking and gasification process, the garbage cannot collapse, and the garbage homogenizing and blanking can be effectively performed by the aid of the structure.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the material-homogenizing teeth 34 have multiple layers, the material-homogenizing teeth 34 in each layer are uniformly distributed around the axis of the rotating shaft 33, and two adjacent layers of material-homogenizing teeth 34 are arranged in a staggered manner;
the material shifting teeth 40 are provided with a plurality of groups which are distributed up and down, the material shifting teeth 40 of each group are uniformly distributed around the axis of the body 41, and the distance from the material shifting teeth 40 of the upper group to the inner side wall of the furnace body 27 is smaller than the distance from the material shifting teeth 40 of the lower group to the inner side wall of the furnace body 27.
In practical use, the material homogenizing teeth 34 are preferably two layers, each layer is preferably provided with 3 teeth, and the space between the teeth is 120 degrees, so that material homogenizing can be carried out more reliably, and more sufficient combustion can be realized.
In practice, the rotating frame 39 is cast from a high temperature resistant material.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the outer side wall of the upper end of the furnace body 27 is provided with a support plate 42 connected with the bracket 28, the pyrolysis gasification furnace further comprises an upper driving structure 43 and a lower driving structure 43, the upper driving structure 43 is used for driving the rotating frame 39 to rotate, and the lower driving structure 43 is used for driving the ash tray 29 to rotate;
as shown in fig. 2, the driving structures 43 each include:
the first annular catch 44, wherein the first annular catch 44 of the upper driving structure 43 is fixed to the support plate 42, and the first annular catch 44 of the lower driving structure 43 is fixed to the base 26;
a second annular retainer 45 located inside the corresponding first annular retainer 44, wherein the first annular retainer 44 and the second annular retainer 45 have the same axis, and the first annular retainer 44 and the second annular retainer 45 form an annular space 46, wherein the second annular retainer 45 of the upper driving structure 43 is fixed to the rotating frame 39, and the second annular retainer 45 of the lower driving structure 43 is fixed to the ash pan 29;
a plurality of rollers 48 mounted in the annular space 46, wherein the rollers 48 of the upper drive structure 43 are adapted to support the rotating frame 39, and the rollers 48 of the lower drive structure 43 are adapted to support the ash tray 29;
a ratchet wheel 47, wherein the ratchet wheel 47 of the upper driving structure 43 is arranged on the periphery of the rotating frame 39, and the ratchet wheel 47 of the lower driving structure 43 is arranged on the periphery of the ash tray 29;
and the driving mechanism 49 is used for driving the corresponding ratchet wheel 47 to rotate.
The conventional ash tray 29 and grate 30 of the pyrolysis gasification furnace are arranged in the furnace through the rotating shaft 57 and the bearing, the temperature in the furnace is high, the rotating shaft 57 is easy to deform or the bearing is easy to damage, and the whole ash discharging system is easy to damage. In addition, the diameter of the whole cracking furnace is large, the requirements on the shaft and the bearing are high by adopting a whole shaft rotating mode, the damage is easy to cause in the using process, and the manufacturing and maintenance cost is high. In the present application, the rotating frame 39 and the ash tray 29 are both located on the corresponding rolling members 48, the second annular stopper 45 is located at the inner side of the first annular stopper 44, and the rotating frame 39 and the ash tray 29 are limited by the first annular stopper 44, so that the rotating frame 39 and the ash tray 29 can reliably do rotating motion. The whole ash tray 29 and the rotating frame 39 rotate without shafts and bearings, so that the maintenance difficulty and the manufacturing cost are greatly reduced, the structure is simple and reliable, and the practicability is good.
In practice, the rolling member 48 is in the shape of a sphere, or a sphere-like shape.
In practice, the driving mechanism 49 may preferably be hydraulically driven, or other electro-hydraulic, electric, gear driven, sprocket driven, etc. driving mechanisms may be used.
The driving mechanism 49 drives the ratchet wheel 47 to drive the whole rotating frame 39 to rotate, and the rotating frame 39 and the material shifting teeth 40 rotate, so that the processes of scattering, homogenizing and blanking materials entering the furnace body 27 are realized.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, a water-sealed groove 50 is formed on the supporting plate 42, and the lower end of the first annular catch 44 of the upper driving structure 43 extends into the water-sealed groove 50. Sealing liquid (such as water) is added into the water seal tank 50, and the upper end of the furnace body 27 can realize liquid seal through the structure of the rotating frame 39 and the water seal tank 50, namely the top of the furnace body 27 can be sealed.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, in the present embodiment, the driving mechanism 49 includes:
the telescopic element 51 is rotatably arranged on the outer side of the ratchet wheel 47, the telescopic element 51 comprises a telescopic push rod 52, one end of the push rod 52 is used for being matched with teeth of the ratchet wheel 47 when extending out to push the ratchet wheel 47 to rotate, and a matching shaft 53 is rotatably arranged at one end, matched with the ratchet wheel 47, of the push rod 52;
an orientation guide 54, the orientation guide 54 of the upper drive structure 43 being fixed relative to the support plate 42, the orientation guide 54 of the lower drive structure 43 being fixed relative to the base 26;
and the guide rod 55 is slidably arranged on the directional guide rail 54, one end of the guide rod 55 close to the ratchet wheel 47 is hinged with the push rod 52, and the guide rod 55 is used for changing the angle of the push rod 52 when the push rod 52 extends and retracts.
The telescopic element 51 pushes the push rod 52 to move, the push rod 52 is in contact with the ratchet wheel 47 and pushes the whole ratchet wheel 47 to rotate under the guiding action of the guide rod 55, after the position of the telescopic element 51 reaches a designated position, the ratchet wheel 47 just pushes one tooth, at the moment, the telescopic element 51 is controlled to gradually retract the push rod 52, at the moment, under the action of the guide rod 55, the push rod 52 does not only do linear retraction motion, but also can rotate for a certain angle under the action of the guide rod 55 and the directional guide rail 54, and therefore the push rod 52 can be rapidly withdrawn from a clamping groove of the ratchet wheel 47. Similarly, the telescopic element 51 can rotate under the action of the guide rod 55 while the push rod 52 moves linearly, so that the linear movement length of the push rod 52 can be controlled, the rotation angle of the push rod can be indirectly controlled, the push rod 52 can be further contacted with the next tooth, and the tooth is further pushed to complete the rotation action.
In practice, the driving mechanism 49 preferably comprises 2 groups, and the two sides of the ratchet wheel 47 are symmetrically distributed. The two driving mechanisms 49 are symmetrically arranged, and when the furnace bar is used, stress can play a balance role, so that the whole furnace bar 30 is pushed to rotate.
In practical use, the upper driving mechanism 49 further comprises a mounting seat 56 fixed to the support plate 42, and the telescopic element 51 is rotatably mounted on the mounting seat 56 through a rotating shaft 57; the lower drive mechanism 49 further comprises a mounting 56 fixed to the base 26, the telescopic element 51 being rotatably mounted on the mounting 56 by means of a rotating shaft 57. In practice, the telescopic element 51 may be an electric push rod 52, an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, a material stopper 58 is disposed on an inner side wall of the furnace body 27, the material stopper 58 includes a material sliding portion 59 having one end fixed to the inner side wall of the furnace body 27 and the other end inclined downward, and a vertical portion 60 having an upper end connected to a lower end of the material sliding portion 59, the material stopper 58 and the inner side wall of the furnace body 27 form an air passage 61, the side wall of the furnace body 27 is further provided with a combustible gas outlet 62 and a concentrated solution injection port 63, the combustible gas outlet 62 is located in an area where the material stopper 58 is located and is communicated with the air passage 61, and the concentrated solution injection port 63 is located above the material stopper 58.
In practical use, the downward inclination angle of the material sliding portion 59 is greater than 45 degrees, so that the material can be prevented from being accumulated on the upper surface of the material sliding portion 59, the vertical portion 60 and the inner side wall of the furnace body 27 form an air channel 61, and the air channel 61 mainly has the function of preventing the combustible gas outlet 62 from being blocked or carrying a large amount of combustible garbage or particles which are not cracked.
The concentrated solution injection port 63 is used for quantitatively injecting the concentrated solution formed by the domestic waste sewage treatment system 12 into the furnace body 27.
In practical use, the number of the combustible gas outlets 62, the concentrated solution injection ports 63 and the feed ports 38 is preferably 2, and the combustible gas outlets, the concentrated solution injection ports 63 and the feed ports are symmetrically arranged at the same height of the furnace body 27.
In actual use, the furnace body 27 also has a fuel inlet.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the grate 30 includes a sealing plate 64, a fixing frame 65, a housing 66 and a sealing cover 67, which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the rotating shaft 33 is fixed on the sealing cover 67, the lower portion of the fixing frame 65 is fixed on the ash tray 29 through an annular connecting cylinder 68, the slag chute 31 is arranged on the outer side wall of the annular connecting cylinder 68, the sealing plate 64, the fixing frame 65, the housing 66 and the sealing cover 67 define an air inlet cavity, the lower portion of the air inlet cavity is used for air to enter, the housing 66 is in a tower-shaped structure, the housing 66 includes a plurality of tower edges 69 in a cone shape, the side wall of the housing 66 has air outlet holes 70, and the air outlet holes 70 are located.
The air inlet cavity is isolated from the cooling liquid 35 of the ash tray 29, and external air passes through the air inlet cavity and finally enters the furnace body 27 from the air outlet 70. The shell 66 is of a tower-shaped structure and mainly used for supporting materials and discharging slag, and the air outlet holes 70 are formed between the two adjacent tower edges 69, so that the slag can be effectively prevented from falling through the air outlet holes 70.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields and are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for disposing urban and rural solid waste by a pyrolysis gasification system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) receiving domestic garbage, stirring and homogenizing the domestic garbage, filtering out percolate, crushing to obtain a first material to be dried, and conveying the percolate obtained from the domestic garbage to a domestic garbage sewage treatment system for treatment;
receiving kitchen waste, performing draining operation on the kitchen waste to obtain leachate, and crushing the kitchen waste to obtain a second material to be dried;
receiving food waste, carrying out draining operation on the food waste to obtain leachate, sorting the food waste, sorting out materials larger than a set value to obtain a third material to be dried, and feeding the rest materials into a three-phase oil extraction system;
receiving the illegal cooking oil, filtering solid substances to obtain a fourth material to be dried, and feeding liquid substances into the three-phase oil extraction system;
2) the three-phase oil extraction system works to obtain solid slag, grease and a water phase, wherein the solid slag is a fifth material to be dried; the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out draining operation on a water phase obtained by a three-phase oil extraction system, food waste to obtain leachate, carrying out draining operation on kitchen waste to obtain leachate, conveying the leachate to an adjusting tank, then feeding the leachate to an anaerobic fermentation unit, carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the anaerobic fermentation unit to obtain fermented liquid and impurity-containing biogas, and conveying the fermented liquid to a domestic waste sewage treatment system;
3) the first material to be dried, the second material to be dried, the third material to be dried, the fourth material to be dried and the fifth material to be dried enter a bin type biological drying unit for drying operation through a material distribution system according to a set proportion;
4) the dried mixture in the step 3) enters a sorting unit, and the sorting unit divides the mixture into heavy inorganic matters, metal substances, screening soil and light combustible substances;
5) conveying the impurity-containing biogas obtained in the step 2) to a cracking gasification system, mixing the screened soil and the light combustible according to a set proportion, and conveying the mixture to the cracking gasification system for cracking gasification operation to obtain slag and gaseous high-temperature combustible gas;
6) purifying the gaseous high-temperature combustible gas by a purification system to obtain clean combustible gas;
the bin type biological drying unit is provided with an aeration system and a floor heating system; the method for disposing urban and rural solid waste by the pyrolysis gasification system further comprises a step 7), wherein the step 7) is as follows: the clean combustible gas obtained in the step 6) is sent into an internal combustion engine generator set to generate electricity, the internal combustion engine generates high-temperature flue gas while generating electricity, part of the high-temperature flue gas is sent to a waste heat boiler to generate steam, the steam is conveyed to a three-phase oil extraction system to be used, the other part of the high-temperature flue gas is sent to a heat exchanger to obtain hot water, one part of the hot water enters a floor heating system to heat a bottom plate of a bin type biological drying unit, and the other part of the hot water is matched with an aeration system through a heat exchange tube and used for heating air entering the bin type biological drying unit.
2. The method for treating urban and rural solid waste by using the pyrolysis gasification system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the domestic waste sewage treatment system works to obtain a concentrated solution, and the concentrated solution is conveyed to the pyrolysis gasification system for pyrolysis gasification operation.
3. The method for disposing urban and rural solid waste by using the pyrolysis gasification system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the household garbage and the kitchen waste are crushed by a crusher, and the household garbage and the kitchen waste share one crusher.
4. The method for disposing urban and rural solid waste by using the pyrolysis gasification system of claim 3, wherein a crusher is used for crushing the garbage to a particle size of less than 200 mm.
5. The method for disposing urban and rural solid wastes through the pyrolysis gasification system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the food wastes are sorted through a sorting machine, and the set value of the sorting is 60 mm.
6. The method for treating urban and rural solid wastes through the pyrolysis gasification system according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the total weight of the third material to be dried, the fourth material to be dried and the fifth material to be dried entering the bin type biological drying unit is not more than 10% of the total weight of the first material to be dried and the second material to be dried entering the bin type biological drying unit.
7. The method for treating urban and rural solid waste by using the pyrolysis gasification system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the material passing through the bin type biological drying unit is reduced to below 30%.
8. The method for treating urban and rural solid waste by using the pyrolysis gasification system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow of the material is increased by using washing water when the drainage oil is filtered.
9. The method for disposing urban and rural solid waste by using the pyrolysis gasification system of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis gasification system comprises a pyrolysis gasification furnace.
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| CN114484439B (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2024-08-02 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Kitchen waste and household garbage collaborative pyrolysis treatment system and method |
| CN114906805B (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-11-04 | 河北富瑞慈空气净化科技有限公司 | Device and method for preparing hydrogen by cracking waste plastics and purifying biogas |
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Denomination of invention: Method for Disposal of Urban and Rural Solid Waste by Cracking Gasification System Effective date of registration: 20230602 Granted publication date: 20210706 Pledgee: Bank of Jiangsu Limited by Share Ltd. Hangzhou branch Pledgor: CHINA CITY GREEN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2023330001054 |