CN110946204A - Preparation method of oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration - Google Patents
Preparation method of oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration Download PDFInfo
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- CN110946204A CN110946204A CN201911270596.6A CN201911270596A CN110946204A CN 110946204 A CN110946204 A CN 110946204A CN 201911270596 A CN201911270596 A CN 201911270596A CN 110946204 A CN110946204 A CN 110946204A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration, which is obtained by mixing a composite fermentation product of oat straw and corn straw and a concentrate; according to the preparation method of the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration, provided by the invention, the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation product in the prepared fermentation daily ration is rich in nutrition content and can meet the daily requirements of livestock, and the prepared fermentation daily ration can better meet the growth and development requirements of the livestock through the supplement of concentrated materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conservation and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a preparation method of oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration.
Background
In recent years, feed shortage has become an important factor restricting the rapid development of the livestock industry, and therefore, the wide variety of sources of feed raw materials needs to be further improved to meet the increasing feed processing demand. China is a big agricultural country, the total sowing area of crops all the year round exceeds 16 million hectares, the total grain yield is about 6 million tons, about 10 million tons of crop straw wastes are produced, the crop straw wastes are stacked in large quantities and occupy agricultural land resources, therefore, if the crop straw wastes are made into feed, the problem of feed raw material shortage can be well solved, however, the crop straw wastes have poor palatability, the existence of a cellulose microcrystalline structure in the straws, water is difficult to permeate, cellulase cannot be in full contact with the cellulose microcrystalline structure, the action decomposition is slow, the absorption rate is reduced, and the cellulase cannot be digested and absorbed, so certain treatment needs to be carried out on the crop straw wastes to improve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A preparation method of oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration is obtained by mixing a composite fermentation product of oat straw and corn straw and a concentrate;
the compound fermentation product of the oat straws and the corn straws is obtained by mixing the primarily fermented oat straws and the primarily fermented corn straws and then performing compound fermentation;
the primarily fermented oat straw is obtained by performing anaerobic fermentation on oat straw;
the corn straws after the primary fermentation are obtained by aerobic fermentation of the corn straws;
the concentrated feed comprises soybean meal, wheat flour, wheat bran and rice bran.
The oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation product and the concentrated material are mixed according to the weight part ratio of 4-6: 1.
The preparation method of the primarily fermented oat straw comprises the following steps:
crushing oat straws to obtain oat straw powder, adjusting the water content of the oat straw powder to 40-45% by adopting a potassium maleate solution, then inoculating bacillus subtilis, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation treatment for 18-20 hours to obtain primarily fermented oat straws.
The mass fraction of the potassium maleate solution is 0.5%.
The inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis is 2.52 multiplied by 106cuf/1kg, and the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 32-35 ℃.
The preparation method of the corn straw after the primary fermentation comprises the following steps:
crushing corn straws to obtain corn straw powder, adjusting the water content of the corn straw powder to 55% by adopting clear water, then inoculating bacillus coagulans, and carrying out aerobic fermentation treatment for 16-17 hours to obtain the primarily fermented corn straws.
The above-mentionedThe inoculation amount of the bacillus coagulans is 3.12 multiplied by 106cuf/1kg, and the aerobic fermentation temperature is 32-35 ℃.
The composite fermentation product of the oat straws and the corn straws is prepared by uniformly mixing the primarily fermented oat straws and the primarily fermented corn straws in a weight ratio of 1:3-4, adjusting the water content to 50% by using clear water, inoculating saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, performing anaerobic fermentation treatment at 33 ℃ for 48-55 hours, and performing steam sterilization.
The inoculation amount of the yeast is 2.46 multiplied by 106cuf/1kg, the lactobacillus inoculation amount is 2.18 × 106cuf/1kg。
The weight ratio of the soybean meal, the wheat flour, the wheat bran and the rice bran is 3-5:1-2:4-6: 4-6.
According to the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the preparation method of the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration, provided by the invention, the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation product in the prepared fermentation daily ration is rich in nutrition content and can meet the daily requirements of livestock, and the prepared fermentation daily ration can better meet the growth and development requirements of the livestock through the supplement of concentrated materials; the oat straw can be subjected to primary fermentation, firstly, the coarse fiber content of the oat straw can be remarkably reduced, the microcrystalline cellulose structure and the separation effect between a hemicellulose-lignin layer and cellulose can be broken to a certain extent, and therefore, the subsequent composite fermentation treatment is facilitated; macromolecular substances in the fermented corn straws, such as cellulose, lignin and the like, are degraded into sugar which is easy to digest and absorb by animals, so that the absorption and utilization of various nutrient substances by the animals are effectively promoted, the anaerobic fermentation treatment is carried out, acid is generated along with the initial consumption of oxygen and the fermentation of partial aerobic bacteria, the pH value of a compound fermentation product is reduced, the growth of mold is seriously inhibited, acid-generating bacteria are greatly proliferated along with the enhancement of the anaerobic degree, absolute advantages are gradually formed on the quantity, the growth of other microorganisms is inhibited, when the pH value is reduced to a certain degree, the activity of the acid-generating bacteria is also inhibited, the storage time of the daily ration is prolonged, the contents of organic acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and the like are obviously increased, and the palatability of the daily ration is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration, and a person skilled in the art can use the contents for reference and appropriately improve the process parameters for realization. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the scope of the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
A preparation method of oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration is obtained by mixing a composite fermentation product of oat straw and corn straw and a concentrate;
the compound fermentation product of the oat straws and the corn straws is obtained by mixing the primarily fermented oat straws and the primarily fermented corn straws and then performing compound fermentation;
the oat straw subjected to primary fermentation is obtained by carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the oat straw, and the oat straw can be subjected to primary fermentation through anaerobic fermentation treatment, so that firstly, the crude fiber content of the oat straw can be remarkably reduced, a cellulose microcrystalline structure and a separation effect between a hemicellulose-lignin layer and cellulose can be broken to a certain extent, and the subsequent composite fermentation treatment is facilitated;
the corn straws after the primary fermentation are obtained by aerobic fermentation of the corn straws, and macromolecular substances in the fermented corn straws, such as cellulose, lignin and the like, are degraded into sugar which is easy to digest and absorb by animals by carrying out aerobic fermentation treatment on the corn straws, so that the absorption and utilization of various nutrient substances by the animals are effectively promoted;
the concentrated feed comprises soybean meal, wheat flour, wheat bran and rice bran.
The oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation product and the concentrated material are mixed according to the weight part ratio of 4-6: 1.
The preparation method of the primarily fermented oat straw comprises the following steps:
crushing oat straws to obtain oat straw powder, adjusting the water content of the oat straw powder to 40-45% by adopting a potassium maleate solution, then inoculating bacillus subtilis, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation treatment for 18-20 hours to obtain primarily fermented oat straws.
The mass fraction of the potassium maleate solution is 0.5%.
The inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis is 2.52 multiplied by 106cuf/1kg, and the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 32-35 ℃.
The preparation method of the corn straw after the primary fermentation comprises the following steps:
crushing corn straws to obtain corn straw powder, adjusting the water content of the corn straw powder to 55% by adopting clear water, then inoculating bacillus coagulans, and carrying out aerobic fermentation treatment for 16-17 hours to obtain the primarily fermented corn straws.
The inoculation amount of the bacillus coagulans is 3.12 multiplied by 106cuf/1kg, and the aerobic fermentation temperature is 32-35 ℃.
The oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation product is prepared by uniformly mixing the primarily fermented oat straw and the primarily fermented corn straw according to the weight ratio of 1:3-4, adjusting the water content to 50% by using clear water, inoculating saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, performing anaerobic fermentation treatment at 33 ℃ for 48-55 hours, and performing steam sterilization, so that the composite fermentation product is obtained, the pH value of the composite fermentation product is reduced along with the initial consumption of oxygen and the fermentation and acid production of partial aerobic bacteria, the growth of mould is severely inhibited, the acid-producing bacteria are greatly proliferated along with the enhancement of the anaerobic degree, absolute advantages are gradually formed in quantity, the growth of other microorganisms is inhibited, the activity of the acid-producing bacteria is also inhibited after the pH value is reduced to a certain degree, and the storage time of daily ration is prolonged, meanwhile, the content of organic acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and the like is obviously increased, and the palatability of the daily ration is improved.
The inoculation amount of the yeast is 2.46 multiplied by 106cuf/1kg, the lactobacillus inoculation amount is 2.18 × 106cuf/1kg。
The weight ratio of the soybean meal, the wheat flour, the wheat bran and the rice bran is 3-5:1-2:4-6: 4-6.
In order to further understand the present application, the following embodiments are combined to specifically describe a method for preparing oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation ration provided by the present application:
example 1
The preparation method of the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration is obtained by mixing an oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation product and a concentrated material according to a weight ratio of 4: 1; the composite fermentation product of oat straw and corn straw is prepared by uniformly mixing primarily fermented oat straw and primarily fermented corn straw in a weight ratio of 1:3, adjusting water content to 50% with clear water, inoculating yeast and lactobacillus, performing anaerobic fermentation treatment at 33 ℃ for 48 hours, and performing steam sterilization to obtain the composite fermentation product of oat straw and corn straw, wherein the inoculation amount of the yeast is 2.46 x 106cuf/1kg, the lactobacillus inoculation amount is 2.18 × 106cuf/1kg。
The oat straw subjected to preliminary fermentation is obtained by carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the oat straw, and the preparation method of the oat straw subjected to preliminary fermentation comprises the following steps: crushing oat straws to obtain oat straw powder, adjusting the water content of the oat straw powder to 40% by adopting a potassium maleate solution, then inoculating bacillus subtilis, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation treatment for 18 hours to obtain primarily fermented oat straws, wherein the mass fraction of the potassium maleate solution is 0.5%, and the inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis is 2.52 multiplied by 106cuf/1kg, the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 32-35 ℃;
the corn straw after primary fermentation is obtained by aerobic fermentation of the corn straw, and the preparation method of the corn straw after primary fermentation comprises the following steps: crushing corn straws to obtain corn straw powder, adjusting the water content of the corn straw powder to 55% by adopting clear water, then inoculating bacillus coagulans, and carrying out aerobic fermentation treatment for 16 hours to obtain the primarily fermented corn straws, wherein the inoculation amount of the bacillus coagulans is 3.12 multiplied by 106cuf/1kg, aerobic fermentation temperature is 32 ℃;
example 2
The preparation method of the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration is obtained by mixing an oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation product and a concentrated material according to a weight ratio of 6: 1; the composite fermentation product of oat straw and corn straw is prepared by uniformly mixing primarily fermented oat straw and primarily fermented corn straw in a weight ratio of 1: 4, adjusting water content to 50% with clear water, inoculating yeast and lactobacillus, performing anaerobic fermentation treatment at 33 ℃ for 55 hours, and performing steam sterilization to obtain the composite fermentation product of oat straw and corn straw, wherein the inoculation amount of the yeast is 2.46 x 106cuf/1kg, the lactobacillus inoculation amount is 2.18 × 106cuf/1kg。
The oat straw subjected to preliminary fermentation is obtained by carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the oat straw, and the preparation method of the oat straw subjected to preliminary fermentation comprises the following steps: crushing oat straws to obtain oat straw powder, adjusting the water content of the oat straw powder to 45% by adopting a potassium maleate solution, then inoculating bacillus subtilis, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation treatment for 20 hours to obtain primarily fermented oat straws, wherein the mass fraction of the potassium maleate solution is 0.5%, and the inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis is 2.52 multiplied by 106cuf/1kg, the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 35 ℃;
the corn straw after primary fermentation is obtained by aerobic fermentation of the corn straw, and the preparation method of the corn straw after primary fermentation comprises the following steps: crushing corn straws to obtain corn straw powder, adjusting the water content of the corn straw powder to 55% by adopting clear water, then inoculating bacillus coagulans, and carrying out aerobic fermentation treatment for 17 hours to obtain the primarily fermented corn straws, wherein the inoculation amount of the bacillus coagulans is 3.12 multiplied by 106cuf/1kg, and the aerobic fermentation temperature is 35 ℃.
Example 3
The preparation method of the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration is obtained by mixing an oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation product and a concentrated material according to a weight ratio of 5: 1; the composite fermentation product of oat straw and corn straw is prepared by uniformly mixing primarily fermented oat straw and primarily fermented corn straw according to the weight ratio of 1:3.5, adjusting the water content to 50% by using clear water, and then inoculating saccharomycetes and saccharomycetesSubjecting lactobacillus to anaerobic fermentation at 33 deg.C for 52 hr, and steam sterilizing to obtain lactobacillus strain with yeast inoculation amount of 2.46 × 106cuf/1kg, the lactobacillus inoculation amount is 2.18 × 106cuf/1kg。
The oat straw subjected to preliminary fermentation is obtained by carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the oat straw, and the preparation method of the oat straw subjected to preliminary fermentation comprises the following steps: crushing oat straws to obtain oat straw powder, adjusting the water content of the oat straw powder to 42% by adopting a potassium maleate solution, then inoculating bacillus subtilis, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation treatment for 19 hours to obtain primarily fermented oat straws, wherein the mass fraction of the potassium maleate solution is 0.5%, and the inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis is 2.52 multiplied by 106cuf/1kg, and the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 33 ℃;
the corn straw after primary fermentation is obtained by aerobic fermentation of the corn straw, and the preparation method of the corn straw after primary fermentation comprises the following steps: crushing corn straws to obtain corn straw powder, adjusting the water content of the corn straw powder to 55% by adopting clear water, then inoculating bacillus coagulans, and carrying out aerobic fermentation treatment for 16.5 hours to obtain the primarily fermented corn straws, wherein the inoculation amount of the bacillus coagulans is 3.12 multiplied by 106cuf/1kg, and the aerobic fermentation temperature is 34 ℃.
And (3) carrying out component detection on the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation product in the embodiment:
dry matter (Dry matter, DM) was measured using a drying method at 65 ℃ for 48 h;
the lactic acid is measured by a GC-2014 gas chromatograph;
measuring the crude protein by adopting a Kjeldahl method;
TABLE 1
| Dry matter g.kg-1FW | Crude protein g.kg-1DW | G.kg of lactic acid-1DW | |
| Example 1 | 435.96 | 131.25 | 50.68 |
| Example 2 | 446.71 | 138.53 | 53.21 |
| Example 3 | 452.18 | 143.75 | 58.33 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the composite fermentation product of oat straw and corn straw in the fermented daily ration prepared by the method has rich nutrition content, and can meet the daily requirements of livestock.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration is characterized in that the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation product is obtained by mixing concentrated feed with oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation product;
the compound fermentation product of the oat straws and the corn straws is obtained by mixing the primarily fermented oat straws and the primarily fermented corn straws and then performing compound fermentation;
the primarily fermented oat straw is obtained by performing anaerobic fermentation on oat straw;
the corn straws after the primary fermentation are obtained by aerobic fermentation of the corn straws;
the concentrated feed comprises soybean meal, wheat flour, wheat bran and rice bran.
2. The method for preparing the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration according to claim 1, wherein the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation product and the concentrate are mixed according to a weight part ratio of 4-6: 1.
3. The method for preparing the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation ration according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the oat straw after primary fermentation comprises the following steps:
crushing oat straws to obtain oat straw powder, adjusting the water content of the oat straw powder to 40-45% by adopting a potassium maleate solution, then inoculating bacillus subtilis, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation treatment for 18-20 hours to obtain primarily fermented oat straws.
4. The method for preparing the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration according to claim 3, wherein the mass fraction of the potassium maleate solution is 0.5%.
5. The method for preparing oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation ration according to claim 3, wherein the inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis is 2.52 x 106cuf/1kg, and the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 32-35 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation ration according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the corn straw after the primary fermentation comprises the following steps:
crushing corn straws to obtain corn straw powder, adjusting the water content of the corn straw powder to 55% by adopting clear water, then inoculating bacillus coagulans, and carrying out aerobic fermentation treatment for 16-17 hours to obtain the primarily fermented corn straws.
7. The method for preparing oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration according to claim 6, wherein the inoculation amount of the bacillus coagulans is 3.12 x 106cuf/1kg, and the aerobic fermentation temperature is 32-35 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration according to claim 1, wherein the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation product is obtained by uniformly mixing primarily fermented oat straw and primarily fermented corn straw in a weight ratio of 1:3-4, adjusting the water content to 50% with clear water, inoculating saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, performing anaerobic fermentation treatment at 33 ℃ for 48-55 hours, and performing steam sterilization.
9. The method for preparing oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation ration according to claim 8, wherein the yeast inoculation amount is 2.46 x 106cuf/1kg, the lactobacillus inoculation amount is 2.18 × 106cuf/1kg。
10. The method for preparing the oat straw and corn straw composite fermentation daily ration according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the soybean meal, the wheat flour, the wheat bran and the rice bran is 3-5:1-2:4-6: 4-6.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117099952A (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-11-24 | 广州市洲星食品有限公司 | A kind of water chestnut powder containing oat extract and preparation method thereof |
| CN118476578A (en) * | 2024-07-16 | 2024-08-13 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Oat straw fermented feed product and preparation method thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-12-12 CN CN201911270596.6A patent/CN110946204A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117099952A (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-11-24 | 广州市洲星食品有限公司 | A kind of water chestnut powder containing oat extract and preparation method thereof |
| CN118476578A (en) * | 2024-07-16 | 2024-08-13 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Oat straw fermented feed product and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200403 |