CN110941291A - Flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system and method - Google Patents
Flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110941291A CN110941291A CN201811116324.6A CN201811116324A CN110941291A CN 110941291 A CN110941291 A CN 110941291A CN 201811116324 A CN201811116324 A CN 201811116324A CN 110941291 A CN110941291 A CN 110941291A
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Abstract
The invention provides a flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system, which comprises: the device comprises a fixed mounting assembly, a transmission device, a driving device, a control device (8) and at least two single-shaft photovoltaic tracking assemblies consisting of a rotating shaft (3) and photovoltaic plates (4); the rotating shafts (3) are connected with each other through a transmission device; the control device (8) is connected with any one of the rotating shafts through the driving device; the control device (8) calculates the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel (4), and drives the transmission device to drive the rotation shafts (3) of the single-shaft photovoltaic tracking assemblies to rotate through the driving device. The flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system provided by the invention determines the solar rotation angle according to the current geographical longitude and latitude and the time, and drives the flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix to track the solar rotation, so that the illumination intensity is maximized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solar photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a flat single-shaft photovoltaic matrix tracking control system.
Background
Along with the continuous development of society, the demand of human beings on energy is more and more, and solar energy is greatly developed in various countries in recent years by the advantages of safety, reliability, no exhaustion risk, low pollution and the like, and becomes an important source of power generation.
The traditional flat single-shaft solar power generation installs the photovoltaic panel in a fixed mode, and the mode becomes an important mode of the current photovoltaic power generation due to the characteristics of simple and convenient installation, low cost and the like. But the position of the mode is fixed, so that the solar energy utilization efficiency is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to effectively improve the utilization rate of solar power generation, the invention provides a flat single-shaft photovoltaic matrix tracking control system, which can calculate the optimal rotation angle of a photovoltaic matrix, realize the tracking of the sun through the photovoltaic matrix tracking control system and effectively improve the utilization rate of solar power generation.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a flat single-shaft photovoltaic matrix tracking control system comprises a fixed mounting assembly; set up photovoltaic tracking system main part between fixed mounting subassembly, its characterized in that:
the flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking system main part includes: the device comprises a transmission device, a driving device, a control device (8) and at least two single-axis photovoltaic tracking assemblies;
the single-shaft photovoltaic tracking assembly comprises a rotating shaft (3) and a photovoltaic plate (4), and the photovoltaic plate (4) is installed on the fixed installation assembly through the rotating shaft (3); the rotating shafts (3) are connected with each other through the transmission device; the control device (8) is connected with any one rotating shaft through the driving device;
the control device (8) is installed on the fixed installation component and used for calculating the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel (4), and the driving device drives the transmission device to drive the rotation shafts (3) of the single-shaft photovoltaic tracking components to rotate.
Preferably, the transmission device comprises a transmission gear (5) and a transmission chain (6); two transmission gears (5) with the same diameter are installed on each rotating shaft (3), and the adjacent rotating shafts are linked through chain transmission formed by a transmission chain (6) and the transmission gears (5).
Further, the driving device comprises a bidirectional stepping motor (9) and a motor driving gear (10);
the bidirectional stepping motor (9) is arranged on the fixed mounting component, one end of the bidirectional stepping motor is connected with the control device (8), and the other end of the bidirectional stepping motor is connected with the motor driving gear (10);
the motor driving gear (10) is linked with a transmission gear (5) mounted on any one of the rotating shafts through a chain.
Further, the flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system further comprises: a monitoring device (7); the monitoring device (7) monitors the current rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel (4) and sends the current rotation angle to the control device (8).
Further, the control device (8) calculates the current rotation angle of the sun according to the position information of the photovoltaic matrix, calculates the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the current angle information of the photovoltaic panel (4) sent by the solar rotation angle and the monitoring device (7), and drives the motor driving gear (10) through the bidirectional stepping motor (9), so as to drive the transmission chain (6) to drive the chain transmission between the adjacent single-shaft photovoltaic tracking assemblies, and further drive the whole photovoltaic matrix to rotate to the optimal angle.
Further, the position information of the photovoltaic matrix includes: geographical latitude and longitude information and current time.
Furthermore, the control device (8) is provided with a GPS or Beidou module for acquiring the longitude and latitude and the current time of the current geographic position.
Preferably, the control device (8) has set calculation and control periods, and the control device (8) drives the transmission device to drive the photovoltaic matrix to rotate forwards or backwards in each period.
Further, when the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix reaches the set error precision requirement, the rotation is stopped.
Preferably, the fixed mounting assembly comprises a mounting bracket (1) and a mounting frame (2); the photovoltaic array is characterized in that the mounting support (1) is fixedly mounted on the ground through a base, the mounting frame (2) is provided with a mounting bearing and is fixed on the mounting support (1) through the mounting bearing to support the whole photovoltaic array.
Furthermore, the mounting frame (2) is provided with a rotating bearing, and two ends of the rotating shaft (3) are mounted on the mounting frame (2) through the rotating bearing; the photovoltaic panel (4) is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft (3) and rotates freely along with the rotating shaft (3).
Preferably, the photovoltaic panels in the plurality of single-axis photovoltaic tracking assemblies have the same installation angle when installed.
Further, the control device (8) further comprises a calibration mode;
the calibration mode includes: after the flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system is installed, the photovoltaic matrix is placed in a horizontal state by using the leveling ruler, the control device (8) acquires the rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel (4) sent by the monitoring device (7), records the rotation angle as installation deviation, receives GPS or Beidou signals, and records the longitude and latitude information of the photovoltaic matrix.
Further, the photovoltaic matrix has a set maximum rotation angle, and when the rotation angle calculated by the control device (8) is larger than the set maximum rotation angle, the photovoltaic matrix is not rotated any more.
Further, when the current time is after sunset to before sunrise, the optimal rotation angle is a horizontal angle.
A tracking control method for a flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix is characterized by comprising the following steps:
measuring the installation angle of the photovoltaic matrix as installation deviation, acquiring a GPS or Beidou signal, and recording geographic longitude and latitude information and current time of the photovoltaic matrix;
determining the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the collected current angle information of the photovoltaic matrix, the geographic longitude and latitude information of the photovoltaic matrix and the current time;
determining an actual rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix, and controlling the photovoltaic matrix to rotate to a target angle according to the determined actual rotation angle;
and the system enters a timing waiting state until the photovoltaic tracking process is repeated after a set waiting period.
Preferably, the determining the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the collected current angle information of the photovoltaic matrix, the geographic longitude and latitude information of the photovoltaic matrix and the current time includes:
when the current time is sunset and does not reach sunrise, the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix is rotated to be horizontal;
when the current time is not in the sunset, calculating the current solar rotation angle according to the geographic longitude and latitude information of the photovoltaic matrix and the current time;
and calculating the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix which should be rotated in the forward/direction according to the current solar rotation angle and the collected current angle information of the photovoltaic matrix.
Preferably, the determining the actual rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix includes:
when the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix exceeds the set maximum angle, the photovoltaic matrix is not rotated any more, and the actual rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix is zero;
and when the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix does not exceed the set maximum angle, deducting the installation deviation to obtain the actual rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a flat single-shaft photovoltaic matrix tracking control system, which comprises a fixed mounting assembly, a transmission device, a driving device, a control device (8) and at least two single-shaft photovoltaic tracking assemblies, wherein the fixed mounting assembly is fixedly arranged on the fixed mounting assembly; the single-shaft photovoltaic tracking assembly comprises a rotating shaft (3) and a photovoltaic plate (4), and the photovoltaic plate (4) is installed on the fixed installation assembly through the rotating shaft (3); the rotating shafts (3) are connected with each other through the transmission device; the control device (8) is connected with any one rotating shaft through the driving device; the control device (8) is installed on the fixed installation component and used for calculating the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel (4), and the driving device drives the transmission device to drive the rotation shafts (3) of the single-shaft photovoltaic tracking components to rotate. According to the method, the rotation angle of the sun in the east-west direction is calculated according to the current geographical longitude and latitude and the current time, and the flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix is driven to track the rotation of the sun, so that the illumination intensity is maximized, and the solar power generation utilization rate is effectively improved.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix is calculated by monitoring the longitude and latitude and the current time of the geographic position, so that the tracking of the photovoltaic matrix on the sun can be realized.
The technical scheme provided by the invention monitors the rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix in real time, calculates the forward or reverse rotation degree of the photovoltaic matrix, controls the bidirectional stepping motor to rotate to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, controls the motor to rotate forwards or reversely, and enables the photovoltaic matrix to track the rotation of the sun through the closed-loop control formed by the control device, the bidirectional stepping motor and the rotating shaft, thereby improving the utilization rate of solar power generation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structure diagram of a flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system according to an embodiment of the invention;
the photovoltaic power generation device comprises a power generation device, a photovoltaic panel, a power generation device and a power generation device, wherein 1, a mounting bracket, 2, a mounting frame, 3, a rotating shaft;
fig. 2 is a control transmission gear structure of a flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 3, a rotating shaft, 5 and a transmission gear;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single-axis photovoltaic tracking system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the solar photovoltaic solar energy collecting device comprises an angle 1, a photovoltaic panel, an angle 2, a projection A, an angle 3, an angle 4 and an included angle of the projection and the east-west horizontal direction, wherein the included angle of the photovoltaic panel and the vertical direction is formed by the angle 1, the included angle of the photovoltaic panel and the east-west horizontal direction is formed by the angle 2, the photovoltaic panel and the east-west horizontal direction;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of an implementation of a flat uniaxial photovoltaic matrix tracking control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a tracking control system for a flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix, and relates to the field of solar photovoltaic power generation. According to the characteristic, the photovoltaic matrix is installed as a fixed inclination angle according to the geographical position of the photovoltaic matrix, the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix is calculated by monitoring the longitude and latitude and the current time of the geographical position, single-axis rotation is achieved, tracking of the sun is achieved, the photovoltaic matrix achieves tracking of the sun, and the solar power generation utilization rate is effectively improved.
Example 1:
the flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the overall structure as shown in fig. 1, and comprises a fixed mounting assembly, a transmission device, a driving device, a control device (8) and at least two single-axis photovoltaic tracking assemblies;
the single-shaft photovoltaic tracking assembly comprises a rotating shaft (3) and a photovoltaic plate (4), and the photovoltaic plate (4) is installed on the fixed installation assembly through the rotating shaft (3); the rotating shafts (3) are connected with each other through a transmission device; the control device (8) is connected with any one of the rotating shafts through the driving device;
the control device (8) is arranged on the fixed mounting assembly and used for calculating the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel (4), driving the transmission device and driving the transmission device to drive the rotating shafts (3) of the single-shaft photovoltaic tracking assemblies to rotate through the driving device.
Wherein, the transmission device comprises a transmission gear (5) and a transmission chain (6); as shown in fig. 2, two transmission gears (5) with the same diameter are mounted on each rotating shaft (3), and adjacent rotating shafts are linked through a chain transmission formed by a transmission chain (6) and the transmission gears (5);
the driving device comprises a bidirectional stepping motor (9) and a motor driving gear (10);
the bidirectional stepping motor (9) is arranged on the fixed mounting assembly, one end of the bidirectional stepping motor is connected with the control device (8), and the other end of the bidirectional stepping motor is connected with the motor driving gear (10);
the motor driving gear (10) is linked with the transmission gear (5) arranged on any one of the rotating shafts through a chain.
The flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking system further comprises: a monitoring device (7); the monitoring device (7) monitors the current rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel (4) and sends the current rotation angle to the control device (8).
The control device (8) determines the current rotation angle of the sun according to the position information of the photovoltaic matrix, calculates the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the current angle information of the photovoltaic panel (4) sent by the solar rotation angle and the monitoring device (7), drives the motor driving gear (10) through the bidirectional stepping motor (6), and drives the transmission chain (6) to drive chain transmission between adjacent single-shaft photovoltaic tracking assemblies, so that the whole photovoltaic matrix is driven to rotate to the optimal angle.
Wherein, the position information of the photovoltaic matrix comprises: geographical latitude and longitude information and current time.
The control device (8) is provided with a GPS or Beidou module and is used for acquiring longitude and latitude of the current geographic position and the current time.
The control device (8) is provided with set calculation and control periods, and the control device (8) drives the transmission device to drive the photovoltaic matrix to rotate forwards or backwards in each period.
And when the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix reaches the set error precision requirement, stopping rotation.
The fixed mounting assembly comprises a mounting bracket (1) and a mounting frame (2); the mounting frame (1) is fixedly mounted on the ground through a base, the mounting frame (2) is provided with a mounting bearing and is fixed on the mounting frame (1) through the mounting bearing to support the whole photovoltaic matrix.
Wherein, installation frame (2) are equipped with rolling bearing, and rolling bearing is passed through at axis of rotation (3) both ends and installs on installation frame (2), and photovoltaic board (4) fixed mounting follows axis of rotation (3) and rotates wantonly on axis of rotation (3).
The photovoltaic panels in the plurality of single-axis photovoltaic tracking assemblies have the same installation angle when installed.
The control device (8) further comprises a calibration mode;
the calibration mode includes: after the flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system is installed, the photovoltaic matrix is placed in a horizontal state by using the leveling ruler, the control device (8) acquires the rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel (4) sent by the monitoring device (7), records the rotation angle as installation deviation, receives GPS or Beidou signals, and records the longitude and latitude information of the photovoltaic matrix.
The photovoltaic matrix has a set maximum rotation angle, and when the rotation angle calculated by the control device (8) is larger than the set maximum rotation angle, the photovoltaic matrix does not rotate any more.
The current time is after sunset to before sunrise, and the optimal rotation angle is a horizontal angle.
Example 2:
the invention also provides a tracking control method of the flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix, the specific implementation process of which is shown in fig. 4, and the method comprises the following steps:
s101: measuring the installation angle of the photovoltaic matrix as installation deviation, acquiring a GPS or Beidou signal, and recording geographic longitude and latitude information and current time of the photovoltaic matrix;
s102: determining the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the collected current angle information of the photovoltaic matrix, the geographic longitude and latitude information of the photovoltaic matrix and the current time;
s103: determining an actual rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix, and controlling the photovoltaic matrix to rotate to a target angle according to the determined actual rotation angle;
s104: and the system enters a timing waiting state until the photovoltaic tracking process is repeated after a set waiting period.
Specifically, the step S102 of determining the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the collected current angle information of the photovoltaic matrix, the geographic longitude and latitude information of the photovoltaic matrix, and the current time includes:
when the current time is sunset and does not reach sunrise, the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix is rotated to be horizontal;
when the current time is not in the sunset, calculating the current solar rotation angle according to the geographic longitude and latitude information of the photovoltaic matrix and the current time;
and calculating the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix which should be rotated in the forward/direction according to the current solar rotation angle and the collected current angle information of the photovoltaic matrix.
Specifically, the step S103 determines an actual rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix, and controls the photovoltaic matrix to rotate to a target angle according to the determined actual rotation angle, including:
when the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix exceeds the set maximum angle, the photovoltaic matrix is not rotated any more, and the actual rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix is zero;
when the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix does not exceed the set maximum angle, deducting the installation deviation to obtain the actual rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix;
and controlling the photovoltaic matrix to rotate to reach a target angle according to the actual rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix.
Specifically, in step S104, the system enters a timing waiting state until the photovoltaic matrix tracking process is repeated after a set waiting period, which includes:
and a set waiting period is used as a calculation and control period, and when the next calculation period is reached, the rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix is recalculated and driven to be adjusted.
Example 3:
as shown in figure 1, the flat single-shaft photovoltaic matrix tracking control system comprises a mounting bracket, a mounting frame, a rotating shaft, a photovoltaic panel, a transmission gear, a transmission chain, a monitoring device, a control device, a bidirectional stepping motor and a motor driving gear.
The mounting bracket is fixedly mounted on the ground through a base, so that the mounting and fixing of the whole system are realized; the mounting frame is fixed on the four mounting brackets, is used for supporting the whole photovoltaic matrix and is provided with a mounting bearing; the rotating shafts are mounted on the mounting frame through rotating bearings at two ends, the rotating shafts can freely rotate in two directions, two transmission gears with the same diameter are mounted on each rotating shaft, and as shown in fig. 2, the connected rotating shafts are linked through chains; the photovoltaic panels are arranged on the rotating shaft and can rotate freely along with the rotating shaft, the light-sensitive surfaces of the photovoltaic panels face sunlight, and when the photovoltaic panels are arranged, each photovoltaic panel has the same rotating angle; the monitoring device is arranged on the back of a certain photovoltaic panel of the photovoltaic matrix, is parallel to the photovoltaic panel and has the same rotation angle with the photovoltaic panel; the control device is arranged at the edge of the frame, receives the angle information of the photovoltaic panel sent by the monitoring device and drives the bidirectional stepping motor to rotate, has the function of receiving GPS or Beidou signals, acquires the longitude and latitude geographic information and the current time of the control device, calculates the current sun rotation angle and further drives the photovoltaic matrix to track the sun; the bidirectional stepping motor is fixedly arranged on the frame, is connected with the rotating shaft through the motor driving gear, and can bidirectionally and freely drive the rotating shaft to rotate so as to drive the whole photovoltaic matrix to rotate.
After the system is installed, the photovoltaic panel is placed in a horizontal state by using the level ruler, and the system is set to a calibration state through the control device. The control device receives the rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel sent by the monitoring device, records the rotation angle as installation deviation, receives GPS or Beidou signals and records the longitude and latitude information of the photovoltaic panel.
After the calibration is completed, the system is set to a working state by the control device. The control device receives GPS or Beidou signals, acquires current time, calculates current sun rotation angle, reads the current angle of the photovoltaic matrix sent by the monitoring device, deducts deviation, calculates the forward/reverse angle of the photovoltaic matrix, and starts to control the bidirectional stepping motor to rotate so as to drive the rotating shaft and the photovoltaic matrix to rotate. The photovoltaic matrix is rotated to the optimal rotation angle through closed-loop control consisting of the monitoring device, the control device, the bidirectional stepping motor and the rotating shaft, and tracking of the sun is achieved. After the tracking is finished, the system enters a timing waiting state.
In order to facilitate the operation of the whole system, a time interval, such as five minutes or ten minutes, can be set as the calculation and control period of the control device. When the next calculation period is reached, the control device recalculates and drives the adjusting photovoltaic matrix to rotate.
In view of the dead weight of the photovoltaic panel and the bearing capacity of the bidirectional stepping control motor, the maximum forward/reverse rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel (usually not more than 60 degrees) should be set, and when the calculated optimal rotation angle is larger than the maximum forward/reverse rotation angle, the photovoltaic panel will not rotate any more and still maintain 60 degrees.
When the time received by the control device indicates that the solar field has fallen and does not reach the sunrise, the control device drives the photovoltaic matrix to a horizontal state.
As shown in fig. 3, when the rotating shaft drives the photovoltaic panel to rotate, so that the angle 1 is the same as the angle 3, the photovoltaic matrix tracks the sun, and the maximum illumination is achieved.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the claims of the present invention which are filed as the application.
Claims (18)
1. The utility model provides a flat unipolar photovoltaic matrix tracking control system which characterized in that:
the device comprises a fixed mounting assembly, a transmission device, a driving device, a control device (8) and at least two single-axis photovoltaic tracking assemblies;
the single-shaft photovoltaic tracking assembly comprises a rotating shaft (3) and a photovoltaic plate (4), and the photovoltaic plate (4) is installed on the fixed installation assembly through the rotating shaft (3); the rotating shafts (3) are connected with each other through the transmission device; the control device (8) is connected with any one rotating shaft through the driving device;
the control device (8) is installed on the fixed installation component and used for calculating the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel (4), and the driving device drives the transmission device to drive the rotation shafts (3) of the single-shaft photovoltaic tracking components to rotate.
2. The flat single axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission means comprises a transmission gear (5) and a transmission chain (6); two transmission gears (5) with the same diameter are installed on each rotating shaft (3), and the adjacent rotating shafts are linked through chain transmission formed by a transmission chain (6) and the transmission gears (5).
3. The flat single axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system of claim 2,
the driving device comprises a bidirectional stepping motor (9) and a motor driving gear (10);
the bidirectional stepping motor (9) is arranged on the fixed mounting component, one end of the bidirectional stepping motor is connected with the control device (8), and the other end of the bidirectional stepping motor is connected with the motor driving gear (10);
the motor driving gear (10) is linked with a transmission gear (5) mounted on any one of the rotating shafts through a chain.
4. The flat single axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system of claim 3, further comprising: a monitoring device (7); the monitoring device (7) monitors the current rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel (4) and sends the current rotation angle to the control device (8).
5. The flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system according to claim 4, characterized in that the control device (8) determines the current rotation angle of the sun according to the position information of the photovoltaic matrix, calculates the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the current angle information of the photovoltaic panel (4) sent by the solar rotation angle and the monitoring device (7), drives the motor driving gear (10) through the bidirectional stepping motor (9), and drives the driving chain (6) to drive the chain transmission between the adjacent single-axis photovoltaic tracking assemblies, so as to drive the whole photovoltaic matrix to rotate to the optimal angle.
6. The flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system of claim 5, wherein the position information of the photovoltaic matrix comprises: geographical latitude and longitude information and current time.
7. The flat uniaxial photovoltaic matrix tracking control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control device (8) is provided with a GPS or Beidou module for acquiring longitude and latitude of a current geographic position and a current time.
8. The flat single axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system of claim 1,
the control device (8) is provided with set calculation and control periods, and in each period, the control device (8) drives the transmission device to drive the photovoltaic matrix to rotate forwards or backwards.
9. The flat single axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system of claim 5, wherein rotation is stopped when the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix meets a set error accuracy requirement.
10. The flat single axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed mounting assembly comprises a mounting bracket (1) and a mounting frame (2); the photovoltaic array is characterized in that the mounting support (1) is fixedly mounted on the ground through a base, the mounting frame (2) is provided with a mounting bearing and is fixed on the mounting support (1) through the mounting bearing to support the whole photovoltaic array.
11. The flat uniaxial photovoltaic matrix tracking control system according to claim 10, wherein the mounting frame (2) is provided with a rotating bearing, and both ends of the rotating shaft (3) are mounted on the mounting frame (2) through the rotating bearing; the photovoltaic panel (4) is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft (3) and rotates freely along with the rotating shaft (3).
12. The flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system according to claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic panels in the plurality of single-axis photovoltaic tracking assemblies have the same installation angle when installed.
13. The flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system according to claim 3, characterized in that the control device (8) further comprises a calibration mode;
the calibration mode includes: after the flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system is installed, the photovoltaic matrix is placed in a horizontal state by using the leveling ruler, the control device (8) acquires the rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel (4) sent by the monitoring device (7), records the rotation angle as installation deviation, receives GPS or Beidou signals, and records the longitude and latitude information of the photovoltaic matrix.
14. The flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system according to claim 5, characterized in that the photovoltaic matrix has a set maximum rotation angle, and will not rotate any more when the optimal rotation angle calculated by the control means (8) is greater than the set maximum rotation angle.
15. The flat single axis photovoltaic matrix tracking control system of claim 5, wherein the optimal rotation angle is a horizontal angle when the current time is after sunset to before sunrise.
16. A tracking control method for a flat single-axis photovoltaic matrix is characterized by comprising the following steps:
measuring the installation angle of the photovoltaic matrix as installation deviation, acquiring a GPS or Beidou signal, and recording geographic longitude and latitude information and current time of the photovoltaic matrix;
determining the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the collected current angle information of the photovoltaic matrix, the geographic longitude and latitude information of the photovoltaic matrix and the current time;
determining an actual rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix, and controlling the photovoltaic matrix to rotate to a target angle according to the determined actual rotation angle;
and the system enters a timing waiting state until the photovoltaic tracking process is repeated after a set waiting period.
17. The tracking control method for the flat uniaxial photovoltaic matrix according to claim 16, wherein the determining the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the collected current angle information of the photovoltaic matrix, the geographic longitude and latitude information of the photovoltaic matrix and the current time comprises:
when the current time is sunset and does not reach sunrise, the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix is rotated to be horizontal;
when the current time is not in the sunset, calculating the current solar rotation angle according to the geographic longitude and latitude information of the photovoltaic matrix and the current time;
and calculating the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix which should be rotated in the forward/direction according to the current solar rotation angle and the collected current angle information of the photovoltaic matrix.
18. The flat uniaxial photovoltaic matrix tracking control method according to claim 16, wherein the determining the actual rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix according to the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix comprises:
when the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix exceeds the set maximum angle, the photovoltaic matrix is not rotated any more, and the actual rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix is zero;
and when the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix does not exceed the set maximum angle, deducting the installation deviation to obtain the actual rotation angle of the photovoltaic matrix.
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