CN110940617A - Drip irrigation infiltration experimental device - Google Patents
Drip irrigation infiltration experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110940617A CN110940617A CN201911117076.1A CN201911117076A CN110940617A CN 110940617 A CN110940617 A CN 110940617A CN 201911117076 A CN201911117076 A CN 201911117076A CN 110940617 A CN110940617 A CN 110940617A
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940113601 irrigation solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/04—Investigating osmotic effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N2013/003—Diffusion; diffusivity between liquids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0813—Measuring intrusion, e.g. of mercury
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a drip irrigation infiltration experimental device, which belongs to the field of agricultural science research experimental equipment and comprises a supporting mechanism, a Mariotte bottle, a ball valve, a hose, a flow regulator, a flow meter, a water dropper, soil, a soil box wall, a soil box base and a right-angle connecting part. The March bottle is arranged on the supporting mechanism, and a water outlet is connected with the ball valve; the ball valve, the flow regulator, the flow meter and the water dropper are sequentially connected through a hose; the flow regulator can regulate the flow and read a real-time flow value through the flowmeter; the soil box base is spliced into the soil box by combining the right-angle connecting component and the soil box wall, and the soil box base is provided with trundles. The invention is convenient to disassemble, assemble and move, the flow of the dripper is adjustable, and the invention can be used for researching the drip irrigation infiltration shape and speed of water in different soil qualities under multiple factors and provides a basis for determining drip irrigation technical parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural science research experiment equipment, and relates to an experiment device capable of observing the infiltration process of soil moisture, which can be used for researching the drip irrigation infiltration shape and speed of moisture in different soil qualities under multiple factors and providing a basis for determining drip irrigation technical parameters.
Background
Drip irrigation as an accurate moisturizing technique, has been widely used in the agricultural production process, compares and irrigates moisturizing technique water conservation more than 20% in the tradition, nevertheless receives the influence of crop variety, and the degree of depth that the demand infiltrates among the drip irrigation process is also different, infiltrates too deeply and can arouse the deep seepage of moisture, too shallowly then can lead to not enough supplying water. Therefore, in the drip irrigation engineering design, the drip irrigation parameters (flow, dripper spacing and the like) must be reasonably determined by combining the factors such as local soil quality, vegetation root distribution and the like. Different infiltration models under different drip irrigation parameters are adopted, so that in the drip irrigation engineering design, the appropriate drip irrigation parameters can be reversely deduced by the experimental infiltration model so as to guide irrigation operation.
Chinese patent (CN206696116U) discloses a soil infiltration experimental device, which can ensure the accuracy and precision of soil infiltration determination and analyze the propulsion process of a wetting front, but has complex operation and does not realize the precise control of flow. Chinese patent (CN208459383U) discloses a device for measuring extension of wetting front of drip irrigation soil, which can be used for special drip irrigation modes such as drip irrigation under film and underground drip irrigation, and can realize variable flow control by adjusting the working pressure of a drip irrigation belt through a gate valve and a check valve; however, the system has a complex structure, is inconvenient to transfer and install, and is difficult to accurately control the micro flow under laboratory conditions.
In summary, the disadvantages of the prior art devices are: (1) the operation process is complex and requires certain experience; (2) a tiny flow measuring device is lacked, and the flow is difficult to be accurately adjusted in the test process; (3) the test soil box is mostly made of glass products at one time, and is not detachable, fragile and difficult to transfer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a drip irrigation infiltration experimental device to realize accurate adjustment of dripper flow and real-time observation of infiltration shape; the experiment box body can be disassembled, assembled and moved; the operations of filling and sampling soil are simple and convenient.
In order to realize the functions, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a drip irrigation infiltration experimental apparatus, includes supporting mechanism, mah-jong bottle, ball valve, flow regulator, flowmeter, water dropper and soil box, sets up the mah-jong bottle on the supporting mechanism, and mah-jong bottle connects gradually with ball valve, flow regulator, flowmeter and water dropper, and the water dropper sets up in the department of 1 ~ 5cm apart from soil box lateral wall.
In the technical scheme, the soil box comprises a soil box wall, a soil box base and a right-angle connecting part, the soil box wall is embedded into a clamping groove of the soil box base and the right-angle connecting part, and the soil box base is fixedly connected with the right-angle connecting part.
In the technical scheme, the soil box wall is made of a PVC transparent material, the wall thickness is more than or equal to 1cm, and the wall height is more than or equal to 50 cm.
In the technical scheme, a coordinate system is drawn on the wall of the soil box, scale marks are drawn on the top end of the wall of the soil box and on the coordinate axis at equal intervals, equidistant lines are drawn in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction at equal intervals, and through holes are formed in intersection points of the equidistant lines.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, the soil box base includes truckle, baffle, offset plate and vibration-damping film A, and offset plate bottom truckle, offset plate upper portion fixed stop, the seamless butt joint of baffle corner, vibration-damping film A is pasted to the baffle inner wall, and vibration-damping film A opens there is draw-in groove A.
In the technical scheme, the trundles on one side of the rubber plate are fixed wheels, and the trundles on the other side of the rubber plate are universal wheels.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, right angle adapting unit includes the steel sheet, and the steel sheet bottom is fixed with the baffle, and steel sheet inner wall is pasted damping film B, and last the opening of damping film B has draw-in groove B.
In the technical scheme, the Mariotte bottle is connected with the ball valve, the flow regulator, the flow meter and the dripper sequentially through the hose.
In the technical scheme, the number of the drippers is n, wherein n is more than or equal to 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention uses the flow regulator and the flowmeter to adjust and read the micro flow in the experiment, and the infiltration shape can be observed and drawn in real time. Through the independently designed soil box base, the soil box wall and the right-angle connecting part, the box body is detachable and movable, and soil filling and sampling are convenient. Provides a simple and convenient operation experiment platform for determining parameters in the drip irrigation engineering design process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of a drip irrigation infiltration experiment device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the soil box wall of the experimental apparatus for drip irrigation infiltration;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a soil box base of the experimental apparatus for drip irrigation infiltration according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a right-angle connecting member of the drip irrigation infiltration experiment device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the wetting peaks at different times of the experimental apparatus for drip irrigation infiltration according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a support mechanism; 2-a mahalanobis bottle; 3-a ball valve; 4-a hose; 5-a flow regulator; 6-a flow meter; 7-a water dropper; 8-soil; 9-the soil box wall; 10-a soil box base; 11-right angle connecting parts; 20-water injection port; 21-rubber stopper; 22-an air inlet pipe; 23-a water outlet; 30-graduation mark; 31-a through hole; 32-equidistant lines; 40-a caster; 41-a baffle plate; 42-a rubber plate; 43-cushion rubber sheet A; 44-card slot A; 50-a steel plate; 51-bolt holes; 52-card slot B; 53-cushion rubber sheet B.
Detailed Description
The experimental apparatus of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a drip irrigation infiltration experiment device, which comprises: the device comprises a supporting mechanism 1, a Marshall flask 2, a ball valve 3, a hose 4, a flow regulator 5, a flow meter 6, a dripper 7 and a soil box. The height of the supporting mechanism 1 is adjustable, the top end of the supporting mechanism 1 is provided with the Mariotte bottle 2, one end of the ball valve 3 is connected with the Mariotte bottle 2 through threads, and the other end of the ball valve is sequentially connected with the flow regulator 5, the flowmeter 6 and the water dropper 7 through the hose 4 to form a communicated controllable passage; the dripper 7 is arranged at a position 1-5 cm away from the side wall of the soil box, so that the influence of the side wall on the infiltration shape can be effectively reduced when the infiltration shape of the drip irrigation hemisphere is simulated.
The mahalanobis bottle 2 comprises a water filling port 20, a rubber plug 21, an air inlet pipe 22 and a water outlet 23, the air inlet pipe 22 extends into the mahalanobis bottle 2, the water filling port 20 is positioned at the top of the mahalanobis bottle 2 and can be sealed by the rubber plug 21, the water outlet 23 is arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the mahalanobis bottle 2, the water outlet 23 is slightly higher than the surface layer of soil 8, and the water outlet 23 is connected with the ball-connecting valve.
The soil box consists of a soil box wall 9, a soil box base 10 and a right-angle connecting component 11, and soil 8 is filled in the soil box; as shown in fig. 2, the soil box walls 9 are rectangular, made of PVC transparent material, the opposite side walls are the same in shape, the adjacent side walls are 100 × 60cm and 60 × 60cm in size, the pair of soil box walls with small length is the front and rear walls, and the pair of soil box walls with large length is the left and right walls; the wall thickness is more than or equal to 1cm, certain rigidity is ensured, and deformation is prevented; the wall height is more than or equal to 50cm, and is used for determining drip irrigation parameters of deep-root crops. Soil box wall 9 uses the center as the origin of coordinates, uses upside and right side to draw the coordinate system as the positive direction, uses 1cm to draw scale mark 30 as the interval on 9 tops of soil box wall and coordinate axis, level, vertical direction use 10cm to draw equidistance line 32 as the interval, make things convenient for soil to fill and observe the infiltration distance, the nodical department of equidistance line 32 is opened has the diameter to be 2cm through-hole 31, play the effect of ventilating on the one hand, on the other hand can combine measuring element to detect corresponding parameter, for example, insert soil water content sensor in soil, in order to measure soil humidity.
As shown in fig. 3, the soil box base 10 includes casters 40, baffles 41, rubber plates 42 and cushion rubber sheets a43, the four casters 40 are respectively fixed at the bottom of the rubber plates 42, the cross-section of the baffles 41 is L-shaped, the four baffles 41 are fixed at the upper parts of the rubber plates 42 by bolts, the cushion rubber sheets 43 are attached to the inner walls of the baffles 41, the cushion rubber sheets a43 are provided with clamping grooves a44, and the clamping grooves a44 are used for being inserted into the soil box wall 9. The conicity of the two ends of the baffle plate 41 is 45 degrees, so that seamless butt joint at corners is facilitated. The front caster 40 is a fixed wheel, and the rear caster 40 is a universal wheel, so that the position of the box body can be adjusted conveniently in an experiment.
The right-angle connecting component 11 is vertically arranged, as shown in fig. 4, the right-angle connecting component 11 comprises a steel plate 50, the section of the steel plate 50 is L-shaped, a bolt hole 51 is formed in the bottom end of the steel plate 50, the steel plate 50 is fixed on the baffle plate 41 through a bolt, a damping rubber sheet B53 is attached to the upper side of the bolt hole 51 from the top end of the inner wall of the steel plate 50, a clamping groove B52 is formed in the damping rubber sheet B53, and the clamping groove B52 is used for being inserted into the.
The flow regulator 5 can regulate the opening of the hose 4, the regulating range is 0 to the maximum opening, and the required flow value can be conveniently regulated by combining the flowmeter 6 during regulation. The reading range of the flowmeter 6 is 6-150 ml/min, and the flowmeter can be used for monitoring the flow in real time in an experiment, so that a user can accurately adjust the flow to a required flow value.
According to the drip irrigation infiltration experimental device, when the single dripper 7 is arranged, the analysis of the shape of the infiltration of the single-point source drip irrigation can be realized; if a plurality of drippers 7 are arranged, multipoint source drip irrigation intersection infiltration shape analysis can be carried out, and one dripper 7 needs to be matched with a group of supporting mechanisms 1, Martin bottles 2, ball valves 3, hoses 4, flow regulators 5 and flow meters 6.
Taking sandy loam as an example, a single-point drip irrigation experiment is carried out in a test greenhouse of Jiangsu university.
Before the experiment, experimental soil 8 is firstly obtained from a planting area of a Yinchun Biya tea factory in Danyang city, 5 layers of samples are taken back to a laboratory at intervals of 10cm from the surface layer when the soil 8 is taken, and the samples are air-dried and are stored for later use through a mesh screen with the aperture of 2 mm.
Then, taking out each part of the test, placing the Mariotte bottle 2 on the supporting mechanism 1, closing the ball valve 3 to close the Mariotte bottle 2 after water outlet 23, injecting a drip irrigation solution through the water injection port 20, and then plugging the water injection port 20 by a rubber plug 21; one end of a hose 4 is connected with the ball valve 3, the other end of the hose passes through the interior of the flow regulator 5 and is connected with a water inlet of the flowmeter 6, one end of the hose 4 is connected with a water outlet of the flowmeter 6, and the other end of the hose is connected with a dripper 7; the right-angle connecting component 11 is fixed at four corners of the soil box base through bolts, after the stability is determined, the bottom end of the soil box wall 9 is aligned to a clamping groove B52 in a damping rubber sheet B53 of the right-angle connecting component 11 and is vertically arranged until the bottom end of the soil box wall is arranged in a clamping groove A44 of the soil box base 10, and the bottom end of the soil box wall is lightly hit by a rubber hammer to be completely embedded into the clamping groove A44, so that the soil box wall 9 is ensured to be installed horizontally.
Finally, according to the depth of the original soil layer, soil 8 is added into the soil box layer by taking the same volume weight as a standard, the supporting mechanism 1 is adjusted to enable the water outlet 23 of the Ma bottle 2 to be slightly higher than the surface layer of the soil 8, the ball valve 3 is opened, the reading of the flowmeter 6 is observed, and the opening degree of the flow regulator 5 is adjusted until the test flow is 25 ml/min; the dripper 7 is arranged in the middle of the side wall of the soil box and is 2cm away from the side wall of the soil box.
During the experiment, the infiltration distance and the infiltration shape are observed through the wall 9 of the soil box and the surface layer of the soil 8 at intervals of 30min by means of the scale lines 30 and the equidistant lines 32 and are drawn on the rice paper, and the drip irrigation infiltration shape is shown in figure 5; after the drip irrigation is finished, recording the maximum infiltration depth and the horizontal diffusion distance, and comprehensively evaluating the optimal drip irrigation parameters by measuring the water content in the moist soil body.
After the experiment is finished, the drip irrigation parts (the supporting mechanism 1, the Mariotte bottle 2, the ball valve 3, the hose 4, the flow regulator 5, the flow meter 6 and the dripper 7) are firstly disassembled, then the right-angle connecting part 11 and the soil box wall 9 are disassembled, and finally the soil 8 is taken out.
The embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention to help operators to further understand the invention, but the present invention is not limited to the implementation examples of the above embodiments, and the protection scope of the present patent shall be defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a drip irrigation infiltration experimental apparatus which characterized in that: the automatic water-saving device comprises a supporting mechanism (1), a March's flask (2), a ball valve (3), a flow regulator (5), a flow meter (6), a water dropper (7) and a soil box, wherein the March's flask (2) is arranged on the supporting mechanism (1), the March's flask (2) is sequentially connected with the ball valve (3), the flow regulator (5), the flow meter (6) and the water dropper (7), and the water dropper (7) is placed at a position 1-5 cm away from the side wall of the soil box.
2. The drip irrigation infiltration experiment device of claim 1, characterized in that: the soil box comprises a soil box wall (9), a soil box base (10) and a right-angle connecting part (11), wherein the soil box wall (9) is embedded into a clamping groove of the soil box base (10) and the right-angle connecting part (11), and the soil box base (10) is fixedly connected with the right-angle connecting part (11).
3. The drip irrigation infiltration experiment device of claim 2, characterized in that: the soil box wall (9) is made of a PVC transparent material, the wall thickness is more than or equal to 1cm, and the wall height is more than or equal to 50 cm.
4. The drip irrigation infiltration experiment device of claim 3, characterized in that: a coordinate system is drawn on the soil box wall (9), scale marks (30) are drawn on the top end of the soil box wall (9) and the coordinate axis at equal intervals, equidistant lines (32) are drawn in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction at equal intervals, and through holes (31) are formed in intersection points of the equidistant lines (32).
5. The drip irrigation infiltration experiment device of claim 2, characterized in that: soil box base (10) are including truckle (40), baffle (41), offset plate (42) and shock attenuation film A (43), and offset plate (42) bottom truckle (40) are fixed, offset plate (42) upper portion fixed stop (41), and baffle (41) corner seamless butt joint, baffle (41) inner wall is pasted and is had shock attenuation film A (43), and shock attenuation film A (43) are opened there is draw-in groove A (44).
6. The drip irrigation infiltration experiment device of claim 5, characterized in that: the caster wheel (40) on one side of the rubber plate (42) is a fixed wheel, and the caster wheel (40) on the other side of the rubber plate is a universal wheel.
7. The drip irrigation infiltration experiment device of claim 2, characterized in that: the right-angle connecting component (11) comprises a steel plate (50), the bottom end of the steel plate (50) is fixed with a baffle (41), a damping rubber sheet B (53) is attached to the inner wall of the steel plate (50), and a clamping groove B (52) is formed in the damping rubber sheet B (53).
8. The drip irrigation infiltration experiment device of claim 1, characterized in that: the March's bottle (2) is connected with the ball valve (3), the flow regulator (5), the flowmeter (6) and the dripper (7) sequentially through the hose (4).
9. The experimental device for drip irrigation infiltration according to claims 1-8, characterized in that: the number of the drippers (7) is n, and n is more than or equal to 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911117076.1A CN110940617A (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2019-11-15 | Drip irrigation infiltration experimental device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911117076.1A CN110940617A (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2019-11-15 | Drip irrigation infiltration experimental device |
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| CN110940617A true CN110940617A (en) | 2020-03-31 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112285319A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-29 | 江苏大学 | Determining device for determining flow of upper-type dripper of underground drip irrigation pipe and positive pressure of soil water |
| CN114878417A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-09 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for detecting penetration capacity of pesticide auxiliary agent on plant leaves or surface skin membranes |
| CN114935530A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-08-23 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | Drip irrigation soil moisture infiltration depth measuring system |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112285319A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-29 | 江苏大学 | Determining device for determining flow of upper-type dripper of underground drip irrigation pipe and positive pressure of soil water |
| CN112285319B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2023-05-09 | 江苏大学 | Measuring device for determining flow of drip heads on underground drip irrigation pipe and positive pressure of soil water |
| CN114935530A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-08-23 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | Drip irrigation soil moisture infiltration depth measuring system |
| CN114878417A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-09 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for detecting penetration capacity of pesticide auxiliary agent on plant leaves or surface skin membranes |
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