CN110916765A

CN110916765A - Scalpel system

Info

Publication number: CN110916765A
Application number: CN201911256411.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴勇波; 张诗博; 郭一凡
Original assignee: Southern University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Southern University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2019-12-10
Filing date: 2019-12-10
Publication date: 2020-03-27

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments and discloses a scalpel system.A signal generator of the scalpel system is used for inputting an excitation electric signal to an ultrasonic transducer, a scalpel head is detachably connected to the ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic transducer can enable a first end head to form end face elliptical vibration under the action of the excitation electric signal and drive the scalpel head to perform elliptical vibration, so that the end face elliptical vibration is realized at a scalpel point of the scalpel head, the end face elliptical vibration is formed, the ultrasonic scalpel system can realize efficient cutting and reduce the damage of tissues. Compared with the prior longitudinal vibration ultrasonic scalpel, the ultrasonic scalpel is more beneficial to cutting elastomers, reduces the frictional heat generated in a single vibration direction, has little damage to peripheral tissues and can recover quickly after operation.

Description

Scalpel system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a scalpel system.

Background

Scalpels are important surgical instruments used to cut through the skin or other soft tissue during surgery. Conventional surgical knives, which include a blade and a handle, typically cause significant trauma, post-operative scarring, and significant bleeding as well as other negative effects by applying a certain amount of pressure to the knife to achieve the goal of cutting with a sharp knife blade. Ultrasonic scalpels have evolved after the 20 th century to avoid trauma, extensive scarring and the limitation of thermal cutting in electrosurgery and laser surgery. In ultrasonic operation, the ultrasonic scalpel achieves the aim of dissection through the high-frequency vibrating blade, so that the pressure required in the cutting process is reduced, and the related trauma caused by too much pressure and too fast application can be eliminated.

Currently, ultrasonic surgical devices are most often composed of an axially vibrating langevin transducer with a surgical blade at the front end, where the transducer and blade resonate in a longitudinal mode. The langevin transducer, which comprises a set of piezoelectric ceramic rings (PZT-8), is combined together in a stacked manner, and must resonate to obtain sufficient ultrasonic amplitude at the scalpel head, a system characterized by axial vibration. While the conventional axial vibration ultrasonic scalpel cannot perform efficient cutting on biological tissues with high elasticity, such as cartilage, muscle and the like, the traditional surgical instruments for the biological tissues, such as a high-frequency electric scalpel, a miniature planer tool and the like, have the defects of large damage to the tissues around the operation, unclear operation visual field and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the ultrasonic scalpel system with the end surface vibrating in the elliptical mode can achieve efficient cutting and reduce tissue damage.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a scalpel system comprising:

the ultrasonic transducer is provided with a first end head and a second end head at two ends, and the ultrasonic transducer can enable the first end head to form end face elliptical vibration under the action of an excitation electric signal;

a signal generator for inputting an excitation electrical signal to the ultrasonic transducer;

the tool bit comprises a connecting part and a tool tip, wherein one end of the connecting part is detachably connected to the first end, the tool tip is positioned at the other end of the connecting part, and the tool tip can vibrate in an elliptic mode along with the vibration of the first end.

The scalpel system provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:

the signal generator is used for inputting an excitation electric signal to the ultrasonic transducer, the tool bit is detachably connected to the ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic transducer can enable the first end to form end face elliptical vibration under the action of the excitation electric signal and drive the tool bit to perform elliptical vibration, so that the end face elliptical vibration is removed at the tool tip of the tool bit, an ultrasonic scalpel system with end face elliptical vibration is formed, efficient cutting can be achieved, and damage to tissues can be reduced.

According to other embodiments of the invention, the attachment portion includes a horn having a decreasing diameter from a proximal end to a distal end of the ultrasonic transducer, the blade tip being disposed at the distal end of the horn.

According to other embodiments of the present invention, the horn is an exponential horn.

According to further embodiments of the present invention, the lancet tip comprises a plurality of tips in a circumferential array.

According to other embodiments of the invention, the lancet tip comprises three tips, and the ends of each tip are in the same plane.

According to the scalpel system of the other embodiments of the invention, the ultrasonic transducer and the scalpel head are both hollow structures, the ultrasonic transducer is provided with a first hollow part which penetrates through the ultrasonic transducer along the axial direction, the scalpel head is provided with a second hollow part which penetrates through the ultrasonic transducer along the axial direction, and the first hollow part and the second hollow part are communicated.

According to other embodiments of the present invention, the ultrasonic transducer includes a piezoelectric ceramic stack connected between the first end head and the second end head, the piezoelectric ceramic stack includes a first piezoelectric ceramic stack and a second piezoelectric ceramic stack which are symmetrically disposed, a cross section of the first piezoelectric ceramic stack and a cross section of the second piezoelectric ceramic stack are semicircular, and the first piezoelectric ceramic stack and the second piezoelectric ceramic stack are enclosed to form a hollow piezoelectric ceramic stack.

According to other embodiments of the scalpel system of the present invention, a suction piece is connected to the second end of the ultrasonic transducer, and the suction piece is used for communicating with a suction source.

According to other embodiments of the invention, the scalpel system further comprises a peristaltic pump, the second end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the peristaltic pump through a pipeline, and the first hollow part is communicated with the pipeline.

According to other embodiments of the present invention, the cutting head is made of a titanium alloy material.

According to other embodiments of the scalpel system of the present invention, an outer circumferential surface of one end of the connecting portion near the ultrasonic transducer is provided with a flat port.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating the components of one embodiment of the scalpel system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of one embodiment of the scalpel system of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a cutting head of the scalpel system of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an ultrasound transducer in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of a first piezoceramic stack in an ultrasonic transducer;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of a second piezoceramic stack in an ultrasonic transducer;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection of one embodiment of a piezoceramic stack in an ultrasonic transducer.

Fig. 11 is an example of the vibration trajectory of the tip of the scalpel system of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, if an orientation description is referred to, for example, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, if a feature is referred to as being "disposed", "fixed", "connected", or "mounted" to another feature, it may be directly disposed, fixed, or connected to the other feature or may be indirectly disposed, fixed, connected, or mounted to the other feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, if "a number" is referred to, it means one or more, if "a plurality" is referred to, it means two or more, if "greater than", "less than" or "more than" is referred to, it is understood that the number is not included, and if "greater than", "lower" or "inner" is referred to, it is understood that the number is included. If reference is made to "first" or "second", this should be understood to distinguish between features and not to indicate or imply relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of indicated features or to implicitly indicate the precedence of the indicated features.

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a scalpel system of the present invention, and referring to fig. 1, the scalpel system of this embodiment includes an end face elliptical vibration system including a signal generator 1, a first power amplifier 2, a second power amplifier 3, an ultrasonic transducer 4 and a scalpel head 7, the ultrasonic transducer 4 includes a first end, a second end and a piezoelectric ceramic stack sandwiched therebetween, the piezoelectric ceramic stack is provided with a first input end 4 and a second input end 5, the signal generator 1 simultaneously generates two paths of excitation signals of an a signal and a B signal, the a signal and the B signal have a phase difference of phi, and the phase difference is larger than 0 degrees and smaller than 180 degrees; the signal A acts on a first input end 4 on the piezoelectric ceramic stack, the signal B acts on a second input end 5 on the piezoelectric ceramic stack, so that the piezoelectric ceramic plates are excited to correspondingly expand or contract (inverse piezoelectric effect), bending resonance of the transducer is excited, and the ultrasonic transducer 4 generates stable elliptical vibration on the end face of the first end due to the combination of vibration. The structure and function of the ultrasonic transducer 4 will be described in detail below. The first power amplifier 2 and the second power amplifier 3 are used for power amplification of signals, specifically, an a signal is applied to a first input terminal 5 on the piezoelectric ceramic stack through the first power amplifier 2, and a B signal is applied to a second input terminal 6 on the piezoelectric ceramic stack through the second power amplifier 3.

The cutter head 7 is detachably connected to the first end 41 of the ultrasonic transducer, so that the first end 41 can drive the cutter head 7 to perform elliptical vibration, and therefore tissue to be cut can be efficiently cut in an end face elliptical vibration mode.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a scalpel system of the present invention, fig. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of fig. 2, fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 2, and referring to fig. 2 to 4, the scalpel system of the present embodiment includes an ultrasonic transducer 4, a signal generator and a scalpel head 7, the signal generator is used for inputting an excitation electrical signal to the ultrasonic transducer 4, the scalpel head 7 is detachably connected to the ultrasonic transducer 4, the ultrasonic transducer 4 can make the first end 41 form end face elliptical vibration under the action of the excitation electrical signal, and drives the scalpel head 7 to perform elliptical vibration, so that the scalpel tip 71 of the scalpel head 7 can realize end face elliptical vibration.

The ultrasonic transducer 4 is provided with a first end 41 and a second end 42 at two ends, the cutter head 7 comprises a connecting part 72 and a cutter tip 71, one end of the connecting part 72 is detachably connected to the first end 41, and the cutter tip 71 is positioned at the other end of the connecting part 72.

The connecting part 72 comprises an amplitude transformer 74, the diameter of the amplitude transformer 74 is reduced from the near end to the far end of the ultrasonic transducer 4, and the knife tip 71 is arranged at the far end of the amplitude transformer 74, so that the amplitude transformer can amplify the amplitude of the vibration signal of the ultrasonic transducer 4, and the tissue cutting efficiency is improved. The amplitude transformer 74 can be an exponential amplitude transformer, and according to a kinetic equation, the structure can amplify the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer 4, so that the structure has an energy gathering effect, namely, the structure can amplify the particle displacement or speed of the mechanical vibration and concentrate the ultrasonic energy on a smaller area, thereby increasing the ultrasonic energy output per unit area and being beneficial to tissue cutting. The ultrasonic transducer 4 and the tool bit 7 are both of a hollow structure, the ultrasonic transducer 4 is provided with a first hollow part which is through along the axial direction, the tool bit 7 is provided with a second hollow part which is through along the axial direction, and the first hollow part is communicated with the second hollow part. The second end 42 of the ultrasonic transducer 4 is connected with a suction piece which is used for being communicated with a suction source, so that when cutting, broken tissues can be discharged through a hollow structure which is communicated with the inside, and liquid such as cooling liquid can also flow in through the hollow structure, thereby simplifying the operation process and enabling the operation view to be clearer.

In other embodiments, the scalpel system can further comprise a peristaltic pump 8, the second end of the ultrasonic transducer 4 is connected with the peristaltic pump 8 through a pipeline, the first hollow part is communicated with the pipeline, the peristaltic pump 8 serves as a suction source, and a suction effect is formed in the operation area of the scalpel tip 71, so that liquid suction is realized. Of course, other means of suction source may be used, such as vacuum suction, etc.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the second end 42 of the ultrasonic transducer 4 is connected with the pagoda interface 15 for plugging with a pipeline connected with a suction source, and the pipeline connection is stable. The first end 41 of the ultrasonic transducer 4 is provided with a connecting hole 17 with an internal thread, the connecting part 72 of the tool bit 7 is provided with a connecting hole 14 with an internal thread, the tool bit 7 and the ultrasonic transducer 4 are detachably connected through the connecting screw rod 16, the connecting hole 17 and the connecting hole 14, the operation is convenient and rapid, the connecting screw rod 16 is provided with a central hole 19 to form a hollow structure, after the tool bit 7 is connected with the ultrasonic transducer 4, the tool bit 7 is communicated with the first hollow part and the second hollow part through the central hole, the inside of the tool bit 7 and the ultrasonic transducer 4 is communicated, and the liquid is conveniently sucked and.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a scalpel head 7 in the scalpel system of the present invention, referring to fig. 5, the scalpel head 7 includes a proximal cylindrical rod (i.e., the connecting portion 72) and a distal exponential-type slender rod (i.e., the horn 74), the scalpel head 7 is made of a titanium alloy material, and the titanium alloy material has low acoustic impedance and can reduce energy loss during an ultrasonic transmission process. The outer peripheral surface of one end of the connecting portion 72 close to the ultrasonic transducer 4 is provided with a flat opening 73, which is mainly used for facilitating the use of a torque wrench during installation and the disassembly and replacement.

The tip 71 includes a plurality of tips in a circumferential array. The tip 71 of the embodiment shown in fig. 5 comprises three tips, the ends of each tip are located in the same plane, and a three-tip structure of the tip 71 is formed, so that ultrasonic energy can be concentrated at the tips, the mechanical effect and the cavitation effect of the tip 71 are enhanced, and the removal of fiber and elastic tissues is improved.

The ultrasonic transducer 4 comprises a piezoelectric ceramic stack 43 connected between the first end 41 and the second end 42, the piezoelectric ceramic stack 43 comprises a first piezoelectric ceramic stack 43a and a second piezoelectric ceramic stack 43b which are symmetrically arranged, the cross section of the first piezoelectric ceramic stack 43a and the cross section of the second piezoelectric ceramic stack 43b are semicircular structures, and therefore the first piezoelectric ceramic stack 43a and the second piezoelectric ceramic stack 43b enclose to form a hollow piezoelectric ceramic stack 43.

Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an ultrasound transducer in the present invention, and fig. 7 is an exploded schematic view of fig. 6, and referring to fig. 6 and 7, in this embodiment, the ultrasound transducer 4 includes a first end 41, a second end 42, and a piezoelectric ceramic stack 43 sandwiched therebetween, so as to form an ultrasound transducer with a sandwich structure. The piezoelectric ceramic stack 43 comprises a first piezoelectric ceramic stack 43a and a second piezoelectric ceramic stack 43b, and the first end 41 and the second end 42 are fixedly connected; the first piezoelectric ceramic stack 43a and the second piezoelectric ceramic stack 43b are symmetrically arranged, the first piezoelectric ceramic stack 43a comprises a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 431, a first electrode sheet 432 and a pair of mutually insulated second electrode sheets 433 which are arranged in a stacked manner, and the two piezoelectric ceramic sheets can be glued by using epoxy resin glue; the second piezo ceramic stack has the same structure as the first piezo ceramic stack, and the polarities of the corresponding piezo ceramic sheets 431 are opposite. Each pair of the second electrode pieces 433 includes a first electrode piece 433a and a second electrode piece 433b which are insulated from each other, and a gap is formed between the first electrode piece and the second electrode piece in each pair of the second electrode pieces to perform electrical isolation, or to separate the first electrode piece and the second electrode piece by an insulating member, so as to achieve insulation.

The first electrode plate of the first piezoelectric ceramic stack and the first electrode plate of the second piezoelectric ceramic stack are symmetrical to each other, and the second electrode plate of the first piezoelectric ceramic stack and the second electrode plate of the second piezoelectric ceramic stack are symmetrical to each other. Therefore, under the condition of introducing different signals, the piezoelectric ceramic pieces corresponding to the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate at different positions generate corresponding contraction or expansion deformation, so that the composite of bending vibration is formed on the end face of the transducer according to the relevant knowledge of the Lissajous diagram, and the elliptic vibration can be coupled out on the end face of the transducer.

The first end 41 and the second end 42 are fixedly connected by a fixing member 44. The fixing member 44 is a hollow bolt, the first end 41 is provided with an internal threaded hole, the second end 42 is provided with a through hole for the fixing member 44 to penetrate through, the fixing member 44 penetrates through the second end 42 and the piezoelectric ceramic stack 43, and then is screwed into the internal threaded hole of the first end 41, so that the first end 41, the second end 42 and the piezoelectric ceramic stack 43 are fixedly connected. A pagoda interface for plugging a suction line is connected to the fixture 44.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a first piezoelectric ceramic stack in an ultrasonic transducer, fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a second piezoelectric ceramic stack in an ultrasonic transducer, and referring to fig. 8 and 9, in this embodiment, a structure of the first piezoelectric ceramic stack 43a is the same as a structure of the second piezoelectric ceramic stack 43b, and the first piezoelectric ceramic stack 43a is mainly described below.

The first piezoelectric ceramic stack 43a includes at least one piezoelectric ceramic unit 43a1, which includes a first electrode pad 432, a pair of second electrode pads 433, and two piezoelectric ceramic sheets 431, the two piezoelectric ceramic sheets are respectively a first piezoelectric ceramic sheet 431a and a second piezoelectric ceramic sheet 431b with opposite polarities, the first electrode pad 432, the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet 431a, the pair of second electrode pads 433, and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet 431b are sequentially stacked from one end to the other end (from top to bottom in the reference figure), the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic units are stacked in such a manner that the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet 431b of one group of piezoelectric ceramic units is connected to the first electrode pad of the other group of piezoelectric ceramic units, the direction in the reference figure is a top-bottom stacked arrangement, the first electrode pads 432 are disposed at both ends of the first piezoelectric ceramic stack for improving the conduction efficiency, so as to improve the conduction efficiency between the piezoelectric ceramic stack and the first end head and the second end head. The first electrode sheet 432 and the second electrode sheet 433 may be copper sheets.

In this embodiment, the first piezoelectric ceramic stack 43a and the second piezoelectric ceramic stack are respectively provided with two piezoelectric ceramic units 43a1, and a first electrode sheet 432 is further provided below the lower piezoelectric ceramic unit. In this embodiment, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 431 and the first electrode sheet 432 are respectively semicircular, and the second electrode sheet 433 is 1/4 circular, so that the processing is convenient, and a hollow structure can be formed after stacking. The first second electrode plates on the two piezoelectric ceramic stacks respectively correspond to the opposite half parts of the piezoelectric ceramic plates on the two piezoelectric ceramic stacks, but not the adjacent half parts; the second electrode plates on the two piezoelectric ceramic stacks respectively correspond to the other half of the piezoelectric ceramic plates on the two piezoelectric ceramic stacks, so that signals input from the first electrode plates and the second electrode plates respectively excite the parts of the corresponding piezoelectric ceramic plates to generate bending vibration in two directions which are perpendicular to each other, and the two bending vibrations have phase difference as the input A signals and B signals have phase difference of phi angle (0 degrees < phi <180 degrees), and the two bending vibrations also have phase difference.

Fig. 10 is a schematic connection diagram of an embodiment of a piezoelectric ceramic stack in an ultrasonic transducer, taking the embodiment shown in fig. 7 as an example, the piezoelectric ceramic stack is connected as shown in fig. 10, all the first electrode tabs 432 are electrically connected, as shown in the figure, the first electrode tabs share a negative electrode, the first end and the second end are metal pieces, and both the first end and the second end are connected with the first electrode tabs 432, so that both the first end and the second end are negative electrodes. All the first second electrode pieces 433a are electrically connected and connected with the first electrode pieces 432 (negative electrodes) to form a first input end 5; all the second electrode pieces 433b are electrically connected and connected with the first electrode piece 432 (negative electrode) to form a second input terminal 6. The two input ends share a negative pole, and the phase adjustment can be realized. The polarity of the combination of piezoelectric ceramic plates 431 of the first piezoelectric ceramic stack 43a is opposite to that of the combination of piezoelectric ceramic plates 431 of the second piezoelectric ceramic stack 43 b. The first electrode plate and the second electrode plate are respectively provided with a connecting lug which is convenient for line connection.

From the foregoing, the scalpel system with the ultrasonic transducer 4 realizes adjustment of the elliptical trajectory by adjusting the voltage values of the input signal a and the input signal B or adjusting the phase difference of the phi angle, and the ultrasonic transducer can drive the scalpel head to form stable elliptical vibration by performing input setting according to specific requirements, so that the vibration mode of the scalpel can be adjusted according to different use conditions.

Compared with the existing longitudinal vibration ultrasonic scalpel, the scalpel system of the embodiment is more favorable for cutting the elastic body, reduces the friction heat generated in a single vibration direction, has small damage to peripheral tissues and is quick in postoperative recovery. The cutting tool can be applied to cutting of biological tissues with high elasticity, such as cartilage, muscle and the like, can accurately and efficiently cut the biological tissues of the cartilage, the muscle and the like, keeps the biological activity of peripheral tissues in an operation area, and realizes minimally invasive operation; the operation efficiency is improved, and the operation time is reduced.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims

1. A scalpel system, comprising:

2. The scalpel system of claim 1, wherein the connecting portion comprises a horn having a decreasing diameter from a proximal end to a distal end of the ultrasound transducer, the blade tip being disposed at the distal end of the horn.

3. The scalpel system of claim 2, wherein the horn is an exponential horn.

4. The surgical knife system of claim 1, wherein the knife tip comprises a plurality of tips in a circumferential array.

5. The scalpel system of claim 4, wherein the tip comprises three tips, the ends of each tip lying in the same plane.

6. The scalpel system of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the ultrasonic transducer and the tool bit are both hollow structures, the ultrasonic transducer is axially provided with a first hollow portion therethrough, the tool bit is axially provided with a second hollow portion therethrough, and the first hollow portion and the second hollow portion are in communication.

7. The scalpel system of claim 6, wherein the ultrasonic transducer comprises a stack of piezoelectric ceramics coupled between the first tip and the second tip, the stack of piezoelectric ceramics comprising a first stack of piezoelectric ceramics and a second stack of piezoelectric ceramics symmetrically disposed, the first stack of piezoelectric ceramics and the second stack of piezoelectric ceramics having a semicircular cross section, the first stack of piezoelectric ceramics and the second stack of piezoelectric ceramics enclosing a hollow stack of piezoelectric ceramics.

8. The scalpel system of claim 6, wherein a suction member is coupled to the second end of the ultrasonic transducer, the suction member being configured to communicate with a suction source.

9. The scalpel system of claim 8, further comprising a peristaltic pump, the second end of the ultrasound transducer coupled to the peristaltic pump via tubing, the first hollow portion in communication with the tubing.

10. A scalpel system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the blade is made of a titanium alloy material.

11. The scalpel system of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the connecting portion has a flat mouth on an outer peripheral surface of an end thereof adjacent the ultrasound transducer.