CN110903831A - Soil improvement functional microbial inoculum and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Soil improvement functional microbial inoculum and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
- C09K17/42—Inorganic compounds mixed with organic active ingredients, e.g. accelerators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil improvement functional microbial inoculum, which comprises a composite bacterium and a carrier: the compound bacteria comprise two or more of rhizobia, azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing microorganism bacteria, silicate microorganism bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizal bacteria and microbial insecticidal bacteria; the carrier comprises hollow microspheres and a bacterial adsorbent; the hollow microspheres are used as an adsorption carrier, and can form a hemispherical or arc-shaped fragment structure after being broken, so that the hollow microspheres are similar to a semi-closed structure, a living area of a single flora can be formed inside the hollow microspheres, the entrance of mixed bacteria is avoided, the functions of protecting and dividing the flora are achieved, the survival rate of bacteria after being compounded is improved, and the number of the flora is increased; a plurality of floras which are not suitable for simultaneous compounding can be compounded together for culture, the requirement of compounding the bacterial species characteristics is reduced, and the floras can be matched randomly for culture, so that various functional floras can be prepared according to the requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, particularly relates to a soil improvement functional microbial inoculum, and particularly relates to a preparation method of the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum.
Background
With the rapid development of economic society, the soil degradation problem of China is increasingly prominent, and the development of land productivity of China is severely limited by soil hardening, erosion, acidification, salinization, element imbalance, chemical pollution, organic matter loss, degradation of animal and plant regions and the like. Land improvement is various measures taken to prevent land deterioration, improve the poor characteristics of land and increase the production potential of land. Including engineering measures, biological measures, agricultural measures, and the like.
The soil respiration intensity is one of soil biological activity indexes, can reflect the conversion and supply capacity of soil nutrients to a certain degree, the respiration rate change and the change direction also reflect the sensitivity and the response mode of an ecosystem to stress, and the soil biological activity index is an important index for environmental safety evaluation.
The biological measures adopted in soil improvement refer to microbial improving agents; in the existing microbial modifier, either the flora is too single, the function is single, and a good modifying effect cannot be achieved; the strains in a plurality of complex microbial inocula are numerous and can mutually inhibit and compete with each other, the survival rate is low during culture, and even a plurality of strains can not be subjected to complex culture; the microbial inoculum for improving the soil can not be functionally selected, and the use is inconvenient. Therefore, a microbial inoculum for improving soil function and a preparation method thereof are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil improvement function microbial inoculum and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the prior art provides a complex microbial inoculum which has low strain survival rate and small flora quantity, and partial flora can not be subjected to complex culture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a functional microbial inoculum for improving soil comprises composite bacteria and a carrier: the compound bacteria comprise two or more of rhizobia, azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing microorganism bacteria, silicate microorganism bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizal bacteria and microbial insecticidal bacteria; the carrier comprises hollow microspheres and a bacterial adsorbent; according to the mass portion, the composite bacteria comprise 10-80 parts, the hollow microspheres comprise 5-30 parts, and the bacteria adsorbent comprises 100-200 parts.
Preferably, the bacterial adsorbent is a mixture of grass carbon, vermiculite, chitosan, animal excrement and plant raw materials, and the mass ratio of the grass carbon, the vermiculite, the chitosan, the animal excrement and the plant raw materials in the mixture is set to be 8:3:5:40: 30.
Preferably, the hollow micro-bead is a novel ultra-light inorganic non-metal material with excellent hollow spherical powder performance, and the true density of the novel ultra-light inorganic non-metal material is 0.20-0.60/cm3After screening, selecting hollow micro-beads with the particle size range of 40-100 mu m.
Preferably, the phosphate solubilizing microorganism includes one or more of bacillus, pseudomonas, erwinia, agrobacterium, serratia, flavobacterium, enterobacterium, micrococcus, salmonella, chromobacterium, alcaligenes, arthrobacter, thiobacillus and escherichia.
Preferably, the silicate microorganism comprises a variant of Bacillus mucilaginosus or Bacillus circulans.
Preferably, the microbial pesticide comprises one or two of bacillus thuringiensis and beauveria bassiana.
Preferably, the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum comprises 10 parts of rhizobium, 10 parts of azotobacter, 5 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 5 parts of hollow microspheres and 100 parts of bacterial adsorbent by weight.
Preferably, the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum comprises 5 parts of bacillus, 8 parts of pseudomonas, 15 parts of mycorrhizal fungi, 5 parts of beauveria bassiana, 15 parts of hollow microspheres and 150 parts of bacterial adsorbent by mass.
Preferably, the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum comprises 20 parts of silicate microorganism bacteria, 20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 30 parts of growth-promoting bacteria, 10 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 30 parts of hollow microspheres and 200 parts of bacterial adsorbents by mass.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting strains of the composite bacteria, and preparing a culture medium material required by the independent culture of each strain;
s2, selecting the true density of 0.20-0.60/cm3The hollow microspheres with the particle size range of 40-100 mu m are put into a stirrer and stirred for 5-10min at the rotating speed of 600-1000r/min, then the broken hollow microspheres are taken out and added into the independent culture base material of each strain for uniform mixing;
s3, respectively and independently culturing each strain, and keeping the effective viable count of each strain to be more than or equal to 5.0 hundred million/g after culturing to a mature stable period;
s4, adsorbing by using a bacterial adsorbent, mixing with the culture medium of each flora and the hollow microspheres, and culturing the mixed flora until the mixed flora is cured to finish the preparation of the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that: compared with the prior art, the functional microbial inoculum for improving soil and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the following advantages:
1. the hollow micro-beads are used as an adsorption carrier, and after the hollow micro-beads are broken, a hemispherical or arc-shaped fragment structure is formed, so that the hollow micro-beads are similar to a semi-closed structure, a living area of a single flora can be formed inside the hollow micro-beads, the entrance of mixed bacteria is avoided, the function of protecting and dividing the flora is achieved, the survival rate of bacteria after compounding is improved, the number of flora is increased, and the quality guarantee period of the composite microbial inoculum is indirectly prolonged;
2. according to the invention, the hollow microspheres are used for forming the semi-closed structure culture flora, a plurality of floras which are not suitable for simultaneous compounding can be compounded together for culture, the requirement of compounding of bacterial species and characteristics is reduced, and the floras can be matched randomly for culture, so that various functional floras can be prepared as required;
3. when the semi-closed microbial community is prepared, the hollow microspheres are firstly subjected to acute rupture in a high-speed stirring mode to prepare a semi-closed structure environment, and then the semi-closed structure environment is mixed with a microbial community base material to culture a microbial community.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not delimit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A functional microbial inoculum for improving soil comprises composite bacteria and a carrier: the compound bacteria comprise two or more of rhizobia, azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing microorganism bacteria, silicate microorganism bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizal bacteria and microbial insecticidal bacteria; the carrier comprises hollow microspheres and a bacterial adsorbent; according to the mass portion, the composite bacteria comprise 10-80 parts, the hollow microspheres comprise 5-30 parts, and the bacteria adsorbent comprises 100-200 parts.
The bacterial adsorbent is a mixture of grass carbon, vermiculite, chitosan, animal excrement and plant raw materials, and the mass ratio of the grass carbon, the vermiculite, the chitosan, the animal excrement and the plant raw materials in the mixture is 8:3:5:40: 30. The hollow micro-bead is a novel ultra-light inorganic non-metallic material with excellent performance of hollow spherical powder, and the true density of the hollow micro-bead is 0.20-0.60/cm3After screening, selecting hollow micro-beads with the particle size range of 40-100 mu m. The phosphate-solubilizing microorganism bacteria comprise one or more of bacillus, pseudomonas, erwinia, agrobacterium, serratia, flavobacterium, enterobacterium, micrococcus, salmonella, chromobacterium, alcaligenes, arthrobacter, thiobacillus and escherichia. The silicate microorganism comprises a variant of Bacillus mucilaginosus or Bacillus circulans. The microbial pesticide comprises one or two of bacillus thuringiensis and beauveria bassiana.
In this embodiment, the functional microbial inoculum for improving soil comprises, by mass, 10 parts of rhizobia, 10 parts of azotobacter, 5 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 5 parts of hollow microspheres, and 100 parts of bacterial adsorbents. The animal manure in the bacterial adsorbent is pig manure, and the plant raw material is wheat straw powder.
The preparation method of the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting strains of the composite bacteria, and preparing a culture medium material required by the independent culture of each strain;
s2, selecting the true density of 0.20-0.60/cm3The hollow microspheres with the particle size range of 40-100 mu m are put into a stirrer and stirred for 5-10min at the rotating speed of 600-1000r/min, then the broken hollow microspheres are taken out and added into the independent culture base material of each strain for uniform mixing;
s3, respectively and independently culturing each strain, and keeping the effective viable count of each strain to be more than or equal to 5.0 hundred million/g after culturing to a mature stable period;
s4, adsorbing by using a bacterial adsorbent, mixing with the culture medium of each flora and the hollow microspheres, and culturing the mixed flora until the mixed flora is cured to finish the preparation of the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum.
Example 2
A functional microbial inoculum for improving soil comprises composite bacteria and a carrier: the compound bacteria comprise two or more of rhizobia, azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing microorganism bacteria, silicate microorganism bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizal bacteria and microbial insecticidal bacteria; the carrier comprises hollow microspheres and a bacterial adsorbent; according to the mass portion, the composite bacteria comprise 10-80 parts, the hollow microspheres comprise 5-30 parts, and the bacteria adsorbent comprises 100-200 parts.
The bacterial adsorbent is a mixture of grass carbon, vermiculite, chitosan, animal excrement and plant raw materials, and the mass ratio of the grass carbon, the vermiculite, the chitosan, the animal excrement and the plant raw materials in the mixture is 8:3:5:40: 30. The hollow micro-bead is a novel ultra-light inorganic non-metallic material with excellent performance of hollow spherical powder, and the true density of the hollow micro-bead is 0.20-0.60/cm3Selecting the particle size after screeningHollow microbeads in the range of 40-100 μm. The phosphate-solubilizing microorganism bacteria comprise one or more of bacillus, pseudomonas, erwinia, agrobacterium, serratia, flavobacterium, enterobacterium, micrococcus, salmonella, chromobacterium, alcaligenes, arthrobacter, thiobacillus and escherichia. The silicate microorganism comprises a variant of Bacillus mucilaginosus or Bacillus circulans. The microbial pesticide comprises one or two of bacillus thuringiensis and beauveria bassiana.
In this embodiment, the functional microbial inoculum for improving soil comprises, by mass, 5 parts of bacillus, 8 parts of pseudomonas, 15 parts of mycorrhizal fungi, 5 parts of beauveria bassiana, 15 parts of hollow microspheres, and 150 parts of a bacterial adsorbent. The animal manure in the bacterial adsorbent is cow manure, and the plant raw material is corn straw powder.
The preparation method of the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting strains of the composite bacteria, and preparing a culture medium material required by the independent culture of each strain;
s2, selecting the true density of 0.20-0.60/cm3The hollow microspheres with the particle size range of 40-100 mu m are put into a stirrer and stirred for 5-10min at the rotating speed of 600-1000r/min, then the broken hollow microspheres are taken out and added into the independent culture base material of each strain for uniform mixing;
s3, respectively and independently culturing each strain, and keeping the effective viable count of each strain to be more than or equal to 5.0 hundred million/g after culturing to a mature stable period;
s4, adsorbing by using a bacterial adsorbent, mixing with the culture medium of each flora and the hollow microspheres, and culturing the mixed flora until the mixed flora is cured to finish the preparation of the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum.
Example 3
A functional microbial inoculum for improving soil comprises composite bacteria and a carrier: the compound bacteria comprise two or more of rhizobia, azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing microorganism bacteria, silicate microorganism bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizal bacteria and microbial insecticidal bacteria; the carrier comprises hollow microspheres and a bacterial adsorbent; according to the mass portion, the composite bacteria comprise 10-80 parts, the hollow microspheres comprise 5-30 parts, and the bacteria adsorbent comprises 100-200 parts.
The bacterial adsorbent is a mixture of grass carbon, vermiculite, chitosan, animal excrement and plant raw materials, and the mass ratio of the grass carbon, the vermiculite, the chitosan, the animal excrement and the plant raw materials in the mixture is 8:3:5:40: 30. The hollow micro-bead is a novel ultra-light inorganic non-metallic material with excellent performance of hollow spherical powder, and the true density of the hollow micro-bead is 0.20-0.60/cm3After screening, selecting hollow micro-beads with the particle size range of 40-100 mu m. The phosphate-solubilizing microorganism bacteria comprise one or more of bacillus, pseudomonas, erwinia, agrobacterium, serratia, flavobacterium, enterobacterium, micrococcus, salmonella, chromobacterium, alcaligenes, arthrobacter, thiobacillus and escherichia. The silicate microorganism comprises a variant of Bacillus mucilaginosus or Bacillus circulans. The microbial pesticide comprises one or two of bacillus thuringiensis and beauveria bassiana.
In this embodiment, the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum comprises, by mass, 20 parts of silicate microorganism bacteria, 20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 30 parts of growth-promoting bacteria, 10 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 30 parts of hollow microspheres, and 200 parts of bacterial adsorbents. The animal manure in the bacterial adsorbent is chicken manure, and the plant raw material is straw powder.
The preparation method of the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting strains of the composite bacteria, and preparing a culture medium material required by the independent culture of each strain;
s2, selecting the true density of 0.20-0.60/cm3The hollow microspheres with the particle size range of 40-100 mu m are put into a stirrer and stirred for 5-10min at the rotating speed of 600-1000r/min, then the broken hollow microspheres are taken out and added into the independent culture base material of each strain for uniform mixing;
s3, respectively and independently culturing each strain, and keeping the effective viable count of each strain to be more than or equal to 5.0 hundred million/g after culturing to a mature stable period;
s4, adsorbing by using a bacterial adsorbent, mixing with the culture medium of each flora and the hollow microspheres, and culturing the mixed flora until the mixed flora is cured to finish the preparation of the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum.
A comparison of 3 sets of examples of the invention is made in the following table,
in summary, the following steps: the hollow microspheres are used as an adsorption carrier, and can form a hemispherical or arc-shaped fragment structure after being broken, so that the hollow microspheres are similar to a semi-closed structure, a living area of a single flora can be formed inside the hollow microspheres, the entrance of mixed bacteria is avoided, the functions of protecting and dividing the flora are achieved, the survival rate of bacteria after being compounded is improved, and the number of the flora is increased; according to the invention, the hollow microspheres are used for forming the semi-closed structure culture flora, a plurality of floras which are not suitable for simultaneous compounding can be compounded together for culture, the requirement of compounding of bacterial species and characteristics is reduced, and the floras can be matched randomly for culture, so that various functional floras can be prepared as required; when the semi-closed microbial community is prepared, the hollow microspheres are firstly subjected to acute rupture in a high-speed stirring mode to prepare a semi-closed structure environment, and then the semi-closed structure environment is mixed with a microbial community base material to culture a microbial community.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A functional microbial inoculum for improving soil is characterized by comprising composite bacteria and a carrier:
the compound bacteria comprise two or more of rhizobia, azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing microorganism bacteria, silicate microorganism bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizal bacteria and microbial insecticidal bacteria;
the carrier comprises hollow microspheres and a bacterial adsorbent;
according to the mass portion, the composite bacteria comprise 10-80 parts, the hollow microspheres comprise 5-30 parts, and the bacteria adsorbent comprises 100-200 parts.
2. The soil improvement functional bacterial agent according to claim 1, wherein: the bacterial adsorbent is a mixture of grass carbon, vermiculite, chitosan, animal excrement and plant raw materials, and the mass ratio of the grass carbon, the vermiculite, the chitosan, the animal excrement and the plant raw materials in the mixture is 8:3:5:40: 30.
3. The soil improvement functional bacterial agent according to claim 1, wherein: the hollow micro-bead is a novel ultra-light inorganic non-metallic material with excellent performance of hollow spherical powder, and the true density of the hollow micro-bead is 0.20-0.60/cm3After screening, selecting hollow micro-beads with the particle size range of 40-100 mu m.
4. The soil improvement functional bacterial agent according to claim 1, wherein: the phosphate-solubilizing microorganism bacteria comprise one or more of bacillus, pseudomonas, erwinia, agrobacterium, serratia, flavobacterium, enterobacterium, micrococcus, salmonella, chromobacterium, alcaligenes, arthrobacter, thiobacillus and escherichia.
5. The soil improvement functional bacterial agent according to claim 1, wherein: the silicate microorganism comprises a variant of Bacillus mucilaginosus or Bacillus circulans.
6. The soil improvement functional bacterial agent according to claim 1, wherein: the microbial pesticide comprises one or two of bacillus thuringiensis and beauveria bassiana.
7. The soil improvement functional bacterial agent according to claim 1, wherein: the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum comprises 10 parts of rhizobia, 10 parts of azotobacter, 5 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 5 parts of hollow microspheres and 100 parts of bacterial adsorbent by weight.
8. The soil improvement functional bacterial agent according to claim 1, wherein: the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum comprises 5 parts of bacillus, 8 parts of pseudomonas, 15 parts of mycorrhizal fungi, 5 parts of beauveria bassiana, 15 parts of hollow microspheres and 150 parts of bacterial adsorbents by mass.
9. The soil improvement functional bacterial agent according to claim 1, wherein: the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum comprises, by mass, 20 parts of silicate microorganism bacteria, 20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 30 parts of growth-promoting bacteria, 10 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 30 parts of hollow microspheres and 200 parts of bacterial adsorbents.
10. The preparation method of the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting strains of the composite bacteria, and preparing a culture medium material required by the independent culture of each strain;
s2, selecting the true density of 0.20-0.60/cm3The hollow microspheres with the particle size range of 40-100 mu m are put into a stirrer and stirred for 5-10min at the rotating speed of 600-1000r/min, then the broken hollow microspheres are taken out and added into the independent culture base material of each strain for uniform mixing;
s3, respectively and independently culturing each strain, and keeping the effective viable count of each strain to be more than or equal to 5.0 hundred million/g after culturing to a mature stable period;
s4, adsorbing by using a bacterial adsorbent, mixing with the culture medium of each flora and the hollow microspheres, and culturing the mixed flora until the mixed flora is cured to finish the preparation of the soil improvement functional microbial inoculum.
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