Ablation needle device and ablation system for treating thyroid nodule
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to an ablation needle device and an ablation system for treating thyroid nodules.
Background
Thyroid nodules are a frequently encountered disease and a common disease of an endocrine system, neck scars caused by surgical operations can be reduced through endoscopic thyroidectomy, but larger damage to surrounding tissues can be caused, and the endoscopic operations have strict operation indications. Compared with endoscopic surgery, percutaneous thermal ablation treatment under ultrasonic guidance has great advantages, but the tissue anatomical structure around the thyroid is complex and important, and the trachea, the great vessels, the nerves and the like exist around the thyroid, so that the peripheral normal tissue injury is easily caused by the conventional common thermal ablation. In addition to the endoscopic surgery, high-voltage electric field pulse therapy aiming at the thyroid nodule is added at present, during the therapy, two thin parallel micro electrode needles are inserted into the thyroid nodule through body surface puncture under the guidance of ultrasound to perform pulse ablation on the thyroid nodule, high-voltage electric pulses are utilized to act on the nodule to damage the nodule, cells are naturally apoptotic, and the heat injury on surrounding normal tissues or blood vessels near focus, neurovascular bundles, trachea, nerve and the like can be avoided. The existing electrode needle is too thin, the front section of the electrode needle corresponding to the needle point is very easy to bend and even break during clinical puncture, and meanwhile, the distance between the two existing parallel electrode needles is fixed and cannot be adjusted, so that the requirement of parallel needle insertion is difficult to meet, the difficulty of surgical puncture is high, and the technical operation of doctors is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the problems of easy bending and even breaking, difficult parallel, great puncture difficulty and the like of the existing thyroid nodule ablation needle, and provides an ablation needle device and an ablation system for treating thyroid nodules, wherein the ablation needle device for treating thyroid nodules can adjust and change the distance between two electrode needles and keep the two needles parallel according to the actual condition of a focus and the requirement of accurate minimally invasive treatment; meanwhile, the electrode needle is effectively protected, so that the electrode needle is prevented from being bent or broken in puncture, the surgical puncture difficulty is reduced, and the clinical operation is facilitated.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: an ablation needle device for treating thyroid nodule comprises two parallel electrode needles, wherein the front ends of the two electrode needles corresponding to the tops are discharge tips, and is characterized in that electrode needle sheaths are sleeved on needle sections of the two electrode needles behind the discharge tips, the two electrode needle sheaths are respectively inserted into two installation seats connected to the same base and kept parallel, one of the two installation seats is a movable seat capable of translating on the base, the other one of the two installation seats is a fixed seat fixedly connected to the base, the movable seat can translate to be close to or far away from the fixed seat to adjust the discharge distance between the two electrode needles, the two electrode needles penetrate through the electrode needle sheaths of the two electrode needles to be inserted into the corresponding installation seats, and electrode terminals are respectively arranged on the movable seat and the fixed seat to be communicated with the electrode needles inserted into the movable seat. According to the invention, the electrode needle sheaths are sleeved outside the two parallel electrode needles, so that the electrode needles are prevented from being bent or even broken in the puncture process, the parallelism of the two electrode needles is kept by the two electrode needle sheaths, and the operation puncture difficulty and the operation requirement on doctors are reduced; simultaneously two electrode needles are inserted on two mount pads, and one of them mount pad can be close to or keep away from another mount pad through the translation activity, changes the interval of two mount pads, and then adjusts the parallel interval of two electrode needles, realizes that the electrode needle discharges the interval and changes, adapts to the ablation needs of not equidimension thyroid nodule.
As a further improvement and supplement to the above technical solution, the present invention adopts the following technical measures: the movable seat is sleeved on the base, and a hole in the side surface of the movable seat penetrates through a fastening screw to abut against the base. The movable seat is sleeved on the base, the fastening screws penetrating through the side holes abut against the base to achieve positioning, the fastening screws are loosened when the movable seat needs to be moved, the fastening screws are screwed after the movable seat is moved in place to abut against the base, and the movable seat is prevented from being adjusted in place and then cannot be loosened and offset.
Distance scales are marked on the side face of the base. When the movable seat moves back and forth relative to the base to change the distance between the movable seat and the fixed seat, the distance scale on the side surface of the base can be used for matching and marking the distance between the two parallel electrode needles, and the discharge distance can be accurately measured.
The electrode needle sheath comprises a movable sheath and a fixed sheath which are movably sleeved, the movable sheath is inserted into the front end of the fixed sheath and can move in a telescopic mode relative to the fixed sheath, the rear end of the fixed sheath is inserted and fixed onto the corresponding mounting seat through a conductive seat, the conductive seat is embedded on the corresponding mounting seat, the rear end of the fixed sheath is inserted into the conductive seat, the rear end of the electrode needle penetrates through the fixed sheath and is inserted into the conductive seat, each electrode wiring end penetrates through the corresponding mounting seat, the inner end of each electrode wiring end abuts against the corresponding conductive seat to be conducted with the conductive seat, and the outer end of each electrode wiring end is exposed out of the corresponding mounting seat. The electrode needle sheath is of a movably sleeved two-section structure and comprises a fixed sheath and a movable sheath, the movable sheath can stretch and move relative to the fixed sheath, and the protection length of the whole electrode needle sheath on the electrode needle is adjusted and changed; the conductive seat is embedded on the mounting seat and is used for connecting and fixing the sheath and simultaneously electrically connecting and conducting the electrode needle and the electrode wiring terminal; when in use, the exposed end of the electrode wiring terminal is used for connecting a power line with a high-voltage pulse generating device.
The outer end of the electrode wiring terminal comprises an outer insulating layer and a conductive inner core wrapped in the outer insulating layer, and the conductive inner core extends inwards to abut against the conductive seat to be conducted with the conductive seat. The outer layer of the electrode wiring terminal is an insulating layer, so that the electrode wiring terminal is convenient for direct touch operation by hands; the inner layer of the electrode terminal is a conductive inner core which is in contact connection with the conductive seat so as to be connected with nanosecond pulse generation equipment through the electrode terminal and a power line to supply power to the electrode needle.
The movable sheath and the fixed sheath are in clearance fit, a cap is arranged at the position of one end of the movable sheath, which is butted with the fixed sheath, the cap is inserted into one end of the fixed sheath to fasten the movable sheath on the fixed sheath, and a pore passage for penetrating the movable sheath is formed in the cap. The cap is used for inserting one end of the fixed sheath to fasten the movable sheath on the fixed sheath, adjusting the movable sheath to extend out of the fixed sheath by a proper length according to the protection length of the electrode needle, and then inserting the cap into the open end of the fixed sheath to keep the movable sheath fixed relative to the fixed sheath.
The fixed sheath is internally provided with an elastic sleeve which is tightly sleeved between the fixed sheath and the movable sheath, and two ends of the elastic sleeve respectively abut against the cover cap at the outer side and the positioning boss extending out of the insertion end of the movable sheath at the inner side. The elastic sleeve is tightly sleeved between the fixed sheath and the movable sheath by utilizing the characteristics of the material of the elastic sleeve to limit the movable sheath, so that the elastic sleeve is prevented from being separated from the fixed sheath due to too much stretching out of the fixed sheath during telescopic adjustment of the movable sheath, and the elastic sleeve is preferably made of a rubber material to increase the friction force between the elastic sleeve and the fixed sheath as well as the movable sheath.
And the surface of the electrode needle where the discharge tip is positioned is provided with a concave point or a plurality of parallel inclined edges formed by coarsening ignition formed by sand blasting or laser etching. Because the electrode needle is a very thin needle, the position of the needle is difficult to see clearly in the process of B-ultrasonic guided puncture, in order to improve the reflection effect of the electrode on ultrasonic waves and enable the electrode to be displayed more clearly in a B-ultrasonic image, the surface of the electrode needle where the discharge tip is positioned can be subjected to sand blasting processing, specifically, hard sand grains are sprayed to the surface of the electrode needle at a high speed, the surface of the electrode needle is coarsened through the mechanical scouring effect of the sand grains on the surface, the reflection effect of the needle tip on the ultrasonic waves is enhanced, and densely distributed concave points or parallel inclined edges can also be etched and processed by laser on the surface of the electrode needle, and the reflection effect of the needle tip on the ultrasonic waves can also be enhanced.
The utility model provides a system of melting of treatment thyroid nodule, includes integrated control computer and rather than the high-voltage pulse generating device and the neural function monitor that link to each other, high-voltage pulse generating device with melt the needle device electricity and connect, the neural function monitor is including monitoring host computer and intubate and form the electrode paster that detects the return circuit and use, be equipped with trachea interface and fixed sacculus on the intubate, aerify interface and flesh electricity monitoring electrode, monitoring host computer passes through wire connection electrode paster and the flesh electricity monitoring electrode on the intubate, characterized by it is one of the aforesaid to melt the needle device, still be equipped with the temperature monitoring electrode on the intubate, the temperature monitoring electrode passes through the wire and is connected with the monitoring host computer. Because blood vessels around the thyroid are abundant and many peripheral nerves are complicated in variation, in order to improve the operation safety and avoid the risk of nerve injury caused by ablation, nerve function monitoring can be carried out in the thyroid ablation operation, and a nerve function monitor, an intubation tube, an electrode patch forming a loop and a high-voltage pulse generating device are the prior art. The invention also provides an ablation system for treating thyroid nodules, which is characterized in that on the basis that the existing computer is connected with a high-voltage pulse generating device, the ablation needle device is used, the ablation needle device can adjust the discharge distance of two electrode needles and keep reliable parallel puncture and discharge, and meanwhile, the direct electrical stimulation of a treatment part can be realized in the treatment process without an additional electrical stimulation device; meanwhile, a temperature monitoring electrode is additionally arranged on the intubation tube, the temperature is monitored on the basis of the existing myoelectric signal monitoring, medical staff can control the operation process by monitoring the temperature reference of the treatment part, the safety of the ablation operation is further improved, and the protection to the patient is increased. Common high voltage pulse generators include microsecond and nanosecond pulse generators, among others.
The invention provides an ablation needle device and an ablation system for treating thyroid nodules, wherein the ablation needle device for treating thyroid nodules can adjust and change the distance between two electrode needles and keep the two needles parallel according to the actual conditions of patients and treatment needs; meanwhile, the electrode needle is effectively protected to avoid bending or breaking during puncture, and the operation puncture difficulty and the operation requirement on doctors are reduced; the electrode needle of the ablation needle device is used for discharging and ablating, the ablation system can be directly used for electrical stimulation, an additional electrical stimulation device is not needed, the ablation treatment effect is monitored in real time in the whole ablation operation process, the high-voltage pulse generating device is controlled, and the safety of the ablation operation is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a schematic three-dimensional structure of an ablation needle device.
FIG. 2: the front schematic view of the ablation needle device is provided.
FIG. 3: left side view of fig. 2.
FIG. 4: fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line a-a.
FIG. 5: the ablation system of the invention is schematically shown.
FIG. 6: the structure of the cannula is schematically shown.
FIG. 7: the ablation system of the present invention monitors a process frame diagram.
In the figure: 1. the electrode needle comprises an electrode needle, 2 parts of an electrode needle sheath, 2 parts to 1 parts of a movable sheath, 2 parts to 2 parts of a fixed sheath, 2 parts to 3 parts of a positioning boss, 3 parts of a base, 4 parts of a movable seat, 5 parts of a fixed seat, 6 parts of an electrode terminal, 7 parts of a fastening screw, 8 parts of distance scales, 9 parts of a conductive seat, 10 parts of a cap, 11 parts of an elastic sleeve and 12 parts of a monitoring host, 13 parts of a high-voltage pulse generating device, 14 parts of an ablation needle device, 15 parts of an insertion tube, 15 parts to 1 parts of a trachea interface, 15 parts to 2 parts of a fixed balloon, 15 parts to 3 parts of an inflation interface, 15 parts to 4 parts of an electromyography electrode, 15 parts to 5 parts of a.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following description and embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, an ablation needle device for treating thyroid nodules comprises two parallel electrode needles 1, wherein the front ends of the tops of the two electrode needles 1, which correspond to the tops, are discharge tips, and concave points or a plurality of parallel oblique edges formed by coarsening ignition formed by sand blasting or laser etching are arranged on the surfaces of the electrode needles 1 where the discharge tips are located, and in this embodiment, coarsening point treatment formed by sand blasting is preferably adopted; the electrode needle sheath 2 is sleeved on the needle section of the two electrode needles 1 behind the discharge tip, the two electrode needle sheaths 2 are respectively inserted on two installation seats connected to the same base 3 and keep parallel, one of the two installation seats is a movable seat 4 capable of translating on the base 3, the other one is a fixed seat 5 fixedly connected on the base 3, in the embodiment, the fixed seat and the base are of an integral structure, the movable seat 4 is sleeved on the base 3, a hole is formed in the side surface of the movable seat 4 and penetrates through a fastening screw 7 to abut against the base 3, distance scales 8 are marked on the side surface of the base 3, the movable seat 4 can translate to be close to or far away from the fixed seat 5 to adjust the discharge distance between the two electrode needles 1, and the two electrode needles 1 penetrate through the respective electrode needle sheaths 2 and are inserted on the corresponding installation; each electrode needle sheath 2 comprises a movable sheath 2-1 and a fixed sheath 2-2 which are movably sleeved, the movable sheath 2-1 and the fixed sheath 2-2 are in clearance fit, the movable sheath 2-1 is inserted at the front end of the fixed sheath 2-2 and can move in a telescopic way, a cap 10 is arranged on the movable sheath 2-1 at the position of one end of the fixed sheath 2-2, the cap 10 is inserted at one end of the fixed sheath 2-2 and is fastened on the movable sheath 2-1 on the fixed sheath 2-2, a pore passage for penetrating the movable sheath 2-1 is arranged on the cap 10, an elastic sleeve 11 is also arranged in the fixed sheath 2-2, the elastic sleeve 11 is tightly sleeved between the fixed sheath 2-2 and the movable sheath 2-1, and two ends of the elastic sleeve 11 respectively abut against a positioning boss 2-3 extending from the insertion end of the cap 10 at the outer side and the insertion end of the movable sheath 2-1 at the inner side, the rear end of the fixed sheath 2-2 is inserted and fixed on the corresponding mounting seat through a conductive seat 9, the conductive seat 9 is embedded on the corresponding mounting seat, the rear end of the fixed sheath 2-2 is inserted and connected in the conductive seat 9, and the rear end of the electrode needle 1 penetrates through the fixed sheath 2-2 and is inserted and connected on the conductive seat 9; an electrode terminal 6 is respectively arranged on the movable seat 4 and the fixed seat 5 and is conducted with the electrode needle 1 inserted on the movable seat 4 and the fixed seat 5, two electrode terminals 6 respectively penetrate through the corresponding movable seat 4 and the corresponding fixed seat 5 in figure 4, the inner ends of the electrode terminals 6 are butted with the corresponding conductive seats 9 and are conducted with the conductive seats, the outer ends of the electrode terminals 6 are exposed out of the corresponding mounting seats, the outer end of each electrode terminal 6 comprises an outer insulating layer and a conductive inner core wrapped in the outer insulating layer, and the conductive inner core inwards extends to be butted with the conductive seats 9 and is conducted with the conductive inner cores. In the embodiment, the exposed length of the electrode needle extending out of the movable sheath is L3, the exposed length of the movable sheath extending out of the fixed sheath is L2, and the discharge distance between the two parallel electrode needles is L1.
When the ablation needle device is used, the parallel distance between the two electrode needles can be adjusted according to the size of a nodule at an ablation part, the movable seat can be moved by loosening the fastening screw, the movable seat is moved to a proper position by observing the distance scale, so that the parallel distance between the two electrode needles meets the therapeutic ablation requirement, and then the fastening screw is screwed to prop against the base, so that the movable seat is prevented from loosening and deviating; then the needle is inserted and punctured to the position of the thyroid tumor through the skin under the guidance of ultrasonic waves, so that the subsequent ablation treatment can be carried out.
As shown in fig. 5 to 6, the ablation system for treating thyroid nodules is also a high-voltage pulse ablation system, and includes an integrated control computer (not shown), and a high-
voltage pulse generator 13 and a nerve function monitor connected thereto, where the high-
voltage pulse generator 13 is electrically connected to an ablation needle device, and the high-voltage pulse generator in this embodiment is preferably a nanosecond pulse generator, and may also be a microsecond pulse generator or other high-voltage pulse generators according to treatment needs; the nerve function monitor comprises a
monitoring host 12, an
insertion tube 15 and an
electrode patch 16 for forming a detection circuit, wherein the
monitoring host 12 is connected with the
insertion tube 15, the insertion tube is provided with a trachea interface 15-1, a fixed saccule 15-2, an inflation interface 15-3, a myoelectricity monitoring electrode 15-4 and a temperature monitoring electrode 15-5, and the
monitoring host 12 is connected with the detection circuit through a guideThe wire is connected with the
electrode patch 16, the myoelectricity monitoring electrode 15-4 and the temperature monitoring electrode 15-5 on the
insertion tube 15 to form a complete monitoring loop, and the ablation needle device is the ablation needle device. During treatment, the intubation tube is inserted into the throat of a patient, the electrode patch is attached to the back of the patient, and the electrode needle in the ablation needle device has the functions of pulse ablation treatment and monitoring electrical stimulation.
The channel is used for thyroid tumor ablation;
the channel is used for monitoring electrical stimulation around the thyroid of the neck. The whole therapeutic system monitoring process frame diagram is shown in fig. 7:
1. the electrode needle is inserted into the thyroid nodule part (near the nerve functional vocal cord muscle) through the skin by ultrasonic guidance;
2. warp beam
The channel is provided with intraoperative stimulating electrical parameters to stimulate a thyroid tumor part so as to generate an electromyographic signal;
3. collecting myoelectric signals and temperature signals of vocal cord muscles through a myoelectric monitoring electrode and a temperature monitoring electrode which are arranged in an intubation tube of a laryngeal tube;
4. transmitting the electromyographic signals and the temperature signals to a nerve function monitor for signal conversion and signal processing, converting the signals into waveform signals, outputting prompts on the nerve function monitor, and simultaneously transmitting the waveform signals to a control computer as an initial preset value R1 for signal processing;
5. control computer warp
The channel controls the nanosecond pulse generator to supply power to the electrode needle to perform high-voltage discharge according to preset ablation parameters so as to ablate a tumor part;
6. after the ablation is finished, returning to the
steps 2 and 3 to acquire the electromyographic signals and the temperature signals again; electromyographic signals as implementation of the next
An ablation instruction, wherein the temperature parameter is used as a surgical process reference of medical staff;
7. comparing the collected electromyographic signals with R1, when the signals are greater than 60% of R1, controlling the computer to send a command to enable the nanosecond pulse generator to ablate the thyroid lesion part again according to the treatment parameters, wherein the ablation time, the monitoring time and the interval time between the ablation time and the monitoring time are set by a program, and when the signals are less than 60% of R1, controlling the computer to pause the operation of the nanosecond pulse generator, recheck the line and set new treatment parameters.
The invention also provides an ablation system for treating thyroid nodules, wherein in the treatment process, the electrodes in the ablation needle device are used for directly electrically stimulating the treatment part without additionally connecting an electric stimulation device, and then the electric stimulation device is fed back and transmitted to the nerve function monitor through the electromyographic signals and the temperature signals, so that the ablation treatment effect is monitored in real time, the nanosecond pulse generator is controlled, and the safety of the ablation operation is further improved.