Composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant virus disease resistance, and particularly relates to a composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The chrysanthemum is perennial root herbaceous plant of Compositae and Chrysanthemum, can be used as both medicine and food, is also a flower with very high ornamental value, and is one of the ten famous flowers in China and the four cut flowers in the world. According to incomplete statistics, the yield of chrysanthemum in China in 2016 is 26.93 hundred million, the yield of chrysanthemum in China in 2017 is 27.84 hundred million, the yield is increased by 3.37 percent on a same scale, and the increasing trend is presented year by year.
However, since asexual propagation methods such as root division, cuttage and the like are mostly adopted in chrysanthemum production for a long time, plants are seriously infected with viruses, the propagation speed of chrysanthemum is slow, the growth potential is weak, and the chrysanthemum has a degeneration phenomenon, so that the market demand cannot be met; moreover, the disease condition is gradually increased along with the increase of the planting time, so that a grower can prevent and treat virus diseases by increasing the use amount of pesticides, but the problems of reduced quality of chrysanthemum, high pesticide residue and the like are caused.
In view of the above problems, researchers have improved the existing bio-source pesticides for preventing and treating chrysanthemum virus diseases, such as a plant virus disease resisting composition containing lentinan and brassinolide disclosed in chinese patent document CN102047883A, which contains lentinan and brassinolide as active ingredients, wherein the content of lentinan is 0.5-5 wt%, and the content of brassinolide is 0.0002-0.02 wt%. The composition disclosed in the above documents has a certain effect of controlling viral diseases of plants, although it improves the yield and quality of chrysanthemum: the plant immunity can be induced and enhanced, and the virus infection can be inhibited; however, the drug effect is short in exerting time, multiple times of spraying are needed, and particularly, if the drug is rained after spraying, the drug is washed by rainwater, so that the drug cannot exert the efficacy.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects that the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases in the prior art has short drug effect exerting time, needs to be sprayed for multiple times, and particularly, if the composition is rained after being sprayed, the drugs can be washed by rainwater, so that the drugs can not exert the effects of the compositions, thereby providing the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases, and the preparation method and the application thereof.
Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of resistance inducer; 3-5 parts of a surfactant; 5-20 parts of sodium alginate and 0.001-0.008 part of brassinolide compound;
the resistance inducer is at least one of lentinan, chitosan and amino-oligosaccharin;
the surfactant is at least one of perfluorohexylethylmethyldimethoxysilane, (3,3, 3-trifluoropropyl) dichloromethylsilane and trifluoropropylmethylcyclotrisiloxane.
Further, the composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of resistance inducer; 3-5 parts of a surfactant; 5-20 parts of sodium alginate and 0.001-0.008 part of brassinolide compound.
The composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases also comprises 5-10 parts of chelated zinc.
Further, the composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of a resistance inducer; 3-5 parts of a surfactant; 10-20 parts of sodium alginate; 0.003-0.006 part of brassinolide compound and 5-10 parts of chelated zinc.
The brassinolide compound is at least one of 28-high brassinolide, 24-epibrassinolide and propionyl brassinolide.
Furthermore, the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of lentinan; 3-5 parts of perfluorohexyl ethyl methyl dimethoxy silane; 10-20 parts of sodium alginate; 0.003-0.006 part of 28-high brassinolide and 5-10 parts of chelated zinc.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases, which comprises the following steps:
the composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases is obtained after the raw materials are uniformly mixed according to the proportion.
The invention also provides application of the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases or the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases, which is prepared by the preparation method, in preventing and treating the chrysanthemum virus diseases.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of resistance inducer; 3-5 parts of a surfactant; 5-20 parts of sodium alginate and 0.001-0.008 part of brassinolide compound; the resistance inducer is at least one of lentinan, chitosan and amino-oligosaccharin; the surfactant is at least one of perfluorohexylethylmethyldimethoxysilane, (3,3, 3-trifluoropropyl) dichloromethylsilane and trifluoropropylmethylcyclotrisiloxane. The composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases has good effect on preventing and treating plant, particularly chrysanthemum virus diseases, and can induce and enhance plant immunity, so that virus infection is inhibited; meanwhile, the surfactant, the sodium alginate, the resistance inducer and the brassinolide compound have good compatibility and binding capacity, when the surfactant is sprayed on a plant, a film can be quickly formed on the surface of the plant, the sodium alginate and the surfactant are combined with each other, the firmness of the film can be increased, even if raining occurs after spraying, the medicine cannot be completely washed away by rainwater, the medicine effect can be kept for a long time, the medicine using frequency can be reduced, and the risk of drug resistance of viruses is further reduced.
2. According to the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases, the dosage of each component is limited, so that the plant virus diseases are prevented and treated, the plant immunity is induced and enhanced, and the pesticide effect retention time is prolonged; can further reduce the generation of drug resistance of the virus.
3. The composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases provided by the invention can be used for further prolonging the drug effect development time by being cooperated with other components by adding the chelated zinc.
4. According to the preparation method of the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases, the raw materials are directly mixed, so that the components of the raw materials are not damaged, a synergistic effect can be exerted, the effect of preventing and treating the plant virus diseases is good, and the plant immunity can be induced and enhanced, so that the infection of the virus is inhibited; the medicine effect is kept for a long time, the medicine taking times can be reduced, and the risk of drug resistance of virus diseases is reduced.
5. The application of the composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases in prevention and treatment of chrysanthemum virus diseases has an outstanding effect on prevention and treatment of chrysanthemum virus diseases, and can induce and enhance the immunity of chrysanthemum, so that the infection of viruses is inhibited; meanwhile, the drug effect is kept for a long time, the drug administration times can be reduced, and the risk of drug resistance of virus diseases is reduced.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases, which is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 2g of amino-oligosaccharin; 3g of (3,3, 3-trifluoropropyl) dichloromethylsilane; 10g of sodium alginate and 0.005g of 24-epibrassinolide; and mixing uniformly to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases, which is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 1g of chitosan; 5g of perfluorohexylethylmethyldimethoxysilane; sodium alginate 20g and 28-high brassinolide 0.008 g; and mixing uniformly to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases, which is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 5g of lentinan; 4g of trifluoropropylmethylcyclotrisiloxane; 5g of sodium alginate and 0.001g of propionyl brassinolide; and mixing uniformly to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases, which is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 3g of lentinan; 4g of perfluorohexylethylmethyldimethoxysilane; sodium alginate 15g and 24-epibrassinolide 0.007 g; and mixing uniformly to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases, which is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 2g of amino-oligosaccharin; 3g of (3,3, 3-trifluoropropyl) dichloromethylsilane; 10g of sodium alginate; 0.003g of 24-epibrassinolide and 5g of chelated zinc; and mixing uniformly to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases, which is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 1g of chitosan; 1.5g of lentinan; 5g of (3,3, 3-trifluoropropyl) dichloromethylsilane; 20g of sodium alginate; 24-epibrassinolide 0.002 g; propionyl brassinolide 0.002g and chelated zinc 10 g; and mixing uniformly to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases, which is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 4g of chitosan; 2g of (3,3, 3-trifluoropropyl) dichloromethylsilane; 2g of perfluorohexylethylmethyldimethoxysilane; 15g of sodium alginate; 28-homobrassinolide 0.006g and chelated zinc 8 g; and mixing uniformly to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases, which is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 2g of lentinan; 4g of perfluorohexylethylmethyldimethoxysilane; 16g of sodium alginate; 28-homobrassinolide 0.006g and chelated zinc 7 g; and mixing uniformly to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases.
Example 9
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases, which is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 3g of lentinan; 3g of perfluorohexylethylmethyldimethoxysilane; 20g of sodium alginate; 28-high brassinolide 0.005g and chelated zinc 10 g; and mixing uniformly to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases.
Example 10
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases, which is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 2g of lentinan; 5g of perfluorohexylethylmethyldimethoxysilane; 10g of sodium alginate; 0.003g of 28-high brassinolide and 5g of chelated zinc; and mixing uniformly to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases.
Comparative example 1 (comparison with example 1)
The comparative example provides a composition for controlling plant viral diseases, which is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 2g of amino-oligosaccharin; 10g of sodium alginate and 0.005g of 24-epibrassinolide; and mixing uniformly to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the plant virus diseases.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 (COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 8)
The comparative example provides a composition for controlling plant viral diseases, which is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 2g of lentinan; 16g of sodium alginate; 0.006g of 28-high brassinolide and 7g of chelated zinc are uniformly mixed to obtain the composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases.
Examples of the experiments
The areas where the chrysanthemum virus disease occurred were divided into areas, and then the compositions prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were diluted 5000 times with water, 0.5% chitosan water (from Henan Biser agricultural science Co., Ltd.) and 1% lentinan water (from Nantong Shenyu Green pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.) were diluted 500 times with water, respectively; 5% amino-oligosaccharin aqua (purchased from Beijing Huaxia national Olympic science and technology Co., Ltd.) is diluted 833 times with water and then sprayed to different areas where chrysanthemum virus diseases occur respectively, wherein the treatment dosage of each embodiment, comparative example and commercially available products is consistent, and the control area is sprayed with clear water with the same volume; after 14 days of administration, the control effect of the plants is observed, recorded and calculated: morbidity, disease index and relative prevention effect; specific results are shown in table 1.
Grading the disease condition standard:
level 0: the whole plant is disease-free.
Level 1: the heart and leaf have bright or mild veins, and the diseased plants are not obviously dwarfed.
And 3, level: 1/3 leaf flower leaves are not deformed, or diseased plants are dwarfed to 3/4 or more of the height of normal plants.
And 5, stage: 1/3-1/2 leaves, or minor deformation, necrosis of main side vessels, or dwarfing of diseased plants to 2/3-3/4 of normal plant height.
And 7, stage: 1/2-2/3 leaves, or deformed, or necrosis of main side vessels, or dwarfing of diseased plants to 1/2-2/3 of normal plant height.
And 9, stage: the whole leaf of the leaf is severely deformed or necrotic, and the diseased plant is dwarfed to below 1/2 which is the height of the normal plant.
The calculation formula of the morbidity, the disease index and the relative prevention effect is as follows:
TABLE 1 preventive and therapeutic effects on Chrysanthemum virus disease of compositions prepared in examples and comparative examples
The data in the table show that the composition for preventing and treating plant virus diseases has good effect of preventing and treating chrysanthemum virus diseases, long pesticide effect retention time, and can reduce the frequency of pesticide application, thereby reducing the risk of drug resistance of the virus diseases; and after the chelated zinc is added, the effect of preventing and treating chrysanthemum virus diseases can be further improved.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.