CN110862112A - Method for controlling growth of harmful algae in reservoir water body - Google Patents
Method for controlling growth of harmful algae in reservoir water body Download PDFInfo
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- CN110862112A CN110862112A CN201810984008.4A CN201810984008A CN110862112A CN 110862112 A CN110862112 A CN 110862112A CN 201810984008 A CN201810984008 A CN 201810984008A CN 110862112 A CN110862112 A CN 110862112A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling the growth of harmful algae in a water body of a reservoir. The water inlet flow of the reservoir is changed, and the turbidity level of the reservoir is adjusted, so that the illumination intensity at the growth depth of harmful algae in the reservoir is lower than the light threshold of the harmful algae, and the growth of the harmful algae is inhibited. The method utilizes the light response characteristics of harmful algae to adjust the turbidity of the reservoir, so that the underwater light level is not enough to support the growth of harmful algae, the growth of the algae is obviously slowed down, and the problem of harm of the harmful algae to the water quality of the reservoir is solved. The method does not need a large amount of manpower and material resources, and reduces the labor intensity and the economic cost; no additive is needed to be added, and no secondary pollution is caused to the water body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for controlling the growth of algae, in particular to a method for controlling the growth of harmful algae in a reservoir, belonging to the technical field of drinking water safety guarantee of a water source area.
Background
The control and management of algal outbreaks in lake reservoir water sources is critical to safe production of drinking water, especially when algae can cause algal toxins or water odor problems. Complaints from water works by consumers about the smell of drinking water have become one of the major problems that many water works must deal with each year. A great deal of research has proved that geosmin (geosmin) and dimethyl isocynol (2-methylisoboranel, 2-MIB) are the main substances causing the odor problem of water in source water, and the most main sources of the two substances are generated by the growth and metabolism release of different kinds of blue algae and actinomycetes. Among them, the sources of 2-MIB are mainly considered to be filamentous cyanobacteria of benthic or deepwater type, including Oscillatoria (Oscillatoia sp.), Schimidium sp, Pseudobaena pseudolaris (Pseudoanabaena sp.), and Oscillatoria pumila (Planktothrix sp). Because the algae are attached to the bottom mud or float in the bottom water body, even if the lakes and reservoirs are poor nutrient water bodies, the algae can obtain enough nutrient salt released from the bottom mud from the water body, so that a large amount of algae can grow as long as the illumination condition meets the growth requirement. However, most of the water bodies of drinking water sources are basically water bodies with relatively low content of nutritive salts, so that the problem of water odor caused by 2-MIB production in the water sources becomes very common. Therefore, the prevention and control of such odor-producing cyanobacteria in the water source area is a very important task.
A series of techniques and tools have been developed to regulate and limit the growth of harmful algae outbreaks (HABs) in lake and reservoir waters. These techniques and tools have been widely used, and they can be classified into physical, chemical and biological techniques according to the working principle, and Newcombe et al (2012) have recently been quite comprehensively summarized and analyzed. However, these methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Wherein, the physical methods are mainly limited by the volume of a reservoir (such as a hydraulic regulation method) or the water depth (such as an aeration method), or the use is limited due to the overhigh required energy (such as water level reduction, the hydraulic regulation method and the like), and some methods are not suitable in the early stage of the algae outbreak and can be adopted only when the outbreak degree of the algae is very strong (such as a superficial layer algae cell collection method); biological methods are not well used at present, and because of the complex mechanism, a great deal of research and demonstration is needed. Overall, there are pros and cons; in addition, 2-MIB-producing Oscillatoria pumila in dense cloud reservoirs mainly grows on the bottom layer of a water body or is attached to bottom mud, and the use of the methods is further limited. Therefore, for the problem of outbreak of smelly blue algae in lake and reservoir type water source areas, a more targeted method needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for controlling the growth of harmful algae in a reservoir based on the adjustment of the turbidity of water, aiming at the technical problems of the prior art of regulating the outbreak of the harmful algae in the water of lakes and reservoirs and limiting the growth of the harmful algae. The method does not need a large amount of manpower and material resources, and reduces the labor intensity and the economic cost; no additive is needed to be added, and no secondary pollution is caused to the water body.
To achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling growth of harmful algae in a water body of a reservoir by controlling a flow rate of inflow water into the reservoir.
Wherein the harmful algae are filamentous blue algae.
In particular, the harmful algae are Oscillatoria (Oscillatoia sp.), Schistosoma sp, Anabaena pseudosciaenae (Pseudoanabaena sp.) or Oscillatoria pumila (Planktothrix sp.), preferably Oscillatoria pumila or Anabaena pseudosciaenae sp.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling the growth of harmful algae species in a water body of a reservoir, comprising the steps of:
1) investigating the species of harmful algae in the water body of the reservoir, measuring the cell density of the harmful algae under different water depths, and determining the growth depth H of the harmful algae*；
2) Measuring the growth rate of harmful algae under different illumination intensities, and determining the growth light threshold I of the harmful algae*；
3) Calculating the lowest water turbidity gamma for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae according to the formula (1)*The formula (1) is as follows:
in the formula: h is the growth depth of harmful algae, m;
γ*NTU (minimum water turbidity) for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae;
I0is the illumination intensity of the water surface of the reservoir, mu mol m-2；
IHThe underwater illumination intensity at the water depth of H (m), mu mol m-2；
The empirical coefficient k is 0.163;
intensity of underwater illumination I at depth H of water bodyHGrowth light threshold with harmful algae I*When the water turbidity is equal, the water turbidity obtained by calculation according to the formula (1) is the lowest water turbidity gamma for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae*；
4) And controlling and adjusting the water inlet flow of the reservoir to ensure that the turbidity of the water body of the reservoir is greater than or equal to the lowest turbidity of the water body for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae, and controlling the growth of the harmful algae.
Wherein the harmful algae in the step 1) are filamentous blue-green algae.
In particular, the harmful algae in step 1) are Oscillatoria (Oscilatoria sp.), Schistoma sp, Anabaena pseudobaena sp or Oscillatoria pumila (Planktothrix sp.), preferably Anabaena pseudobaena or Oscillatoria pumila.
Wherein, the growth depth H of the harmful algae in the step 1)*The optimum growth depth of the harmful algae, namely the water depth corresponding to the position with the highest cell density of the harmful algae.
Particularly, the harmful algae cell density refers to the cell number of the harmful algae per 1L of the water body, and the unit is cell/L.
Wherein the growth light threshold (I) of the harmful algae in step 2)*) I.e. the lowest light supporting the growth of harmful algaeThe illumination intensity value is that when the illumination intensity in the water body is lower than the growth light threshold value of the harmful algae, the growth of the harmful algae cells is inhibited, and the cell growth rate is less than or equal to 0.
In particular, the growth light threshold I of the harmful algae in step 2)*The method comprises the following steps:
2-1) firstly separating and purifying harmful algae from the water body; then inoculating harmful algae into BG11 liquid culture medium for expansion culture;
2-2) inoculating the culture solution after the expanded culture into BG11 liquid culture medium again, and controlling the illumination intensity to be 1-300 mu mol m-2s-1In the culture process, sampling in the culture solution every 2-3 days, measuring the number of harmful algae in the culture solution by using a microscope, and calculating the cell density of the harmful algae in the culture solution;
2-3) calculating the cell growth rate r of the harmful algae under different illumination intensities according to the formula (2) according to the calculated cell density of the harmful algae, wherein the formula (2) is as follows:
r＝(c2-c1)/n (2)
in the formula: r is cell growth rate, per cell/L.day;
c1 and c2 are the cell density of algae in two adjacent culture dates, each cell/L;
n is the interval days and days between two adjacent culture dates;
2-4) calculating the cell growth rate r under different illumination conditions according to the formula (2), and finding out the illumination condition that r is less than or equal to 0, namely the light threshold value I for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae*In units of μmol m-2。
Wherein, the culture condition of the amplification culture in the step 2-1) is 24 hours of continuous illumination, and the culture temperature is (25 +/-1) ° C; the illumination intensity is (150 +/-50) mu mol m-2s-1。
Particularly, the time of the expanding culture in the step 2-1) is 10-14 days; the cultivation is expanded to a concentration of about 1000 harmful algal cells/ml, usually (1000. + -. 100) cells/ml.
Wherein, the harmful algae separated and purified in the step 2-1) is separated and purified by adopting a capillary separation method.
In particular, the capillary separation process is carried out as follows:
2-1-1A) firstly, sucking (0.5 +/-0.1) ml of water sample on a concave glass slide by using a micropipette, and microscopically detecting whether harmful algae cells in the water sample are purified or not;
2-1-1B) if the sample contains other algae cells, sucking out harmful algae to be separated on another concave slide by using another micropipette, and microscopically detecting whether the harmful algae in the sucked water sample achieves the purpose of purification and separation;
2-1-1C) if the separation has not been purified, repeating step 2-1-1B) until the separation is achieved.
Wherein, 20-30 algae cell individuals are inoculated in BG11 liquid culture medium in the step 2-1) for the expanded culture.
In particular, the composition of the liquid Medium BG11(Blue-Green Medium) in step 2-1) is as follows:
wherein, the culture condition in the step 2-2) is that the culture temperature is (25 +/-1) DEG C; the light time per day was 12 hours, and a light-dark ratio of 12 hours/12 hours was used.
Particularly, the light intensity of the cultivation in the step 2-2) is 5-250. mu. mol m-2s-1Preferably 5, 17, 36, 85, 250. mu. mol m-2s-1。
Specifically, the amount of the medium inoculated after the expanded culture in step 2-2) was 100mL per 1L of BG11 liquid medium.
Particularly, samples were taken from the culture solution every 2 days in the step 2-3), the number of harmful algae in the culture solution was measured by using a microscope, and the cell density of the harmful algae in the culture solution was calculated.
Wherein, the calculation formula (1) of the lowest water turbidity for the growth of the harmful algae in the step 3) is obtained by calculation according to the Lambert beer law formula (3) and the empirical formula (4), and the formula (3) and the formula (4) are specifically as follows:
IH＝I0e-εH(3)
ε＝kγ (4)
in the formula: h is the growth depth of harmful algae in meters (m); epsilon is the extinction coefficient of the water body, and the unit is 1/m (1/m); gamma is water turbidity in NTU; i is0The illumination intensity of the water surface of the reservoir is expressed in the unit of mu mol m-2; i isHThe light intensity of the water body with the depth of H (m) is expressed in the unit of mu mol m-2; k is an empirical coefficient with a value of 0.163.
Wherein, the water inlet flow of the reservoir in the step 4) is obtained according to the following method:
4-1) constructing a GLM model of the inflow rate and the water turbidity of the reservoir by adopting a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) according to the historical inflow rate of the reservoir and the turbidity value of the water body of the reservoir under the corresponding flow rate, wherein a flow-turbidity relation model formula is shown as a formula (5):
m＝glm(γ～Q) (5)
in the formula: m is a fitted GLM model; gamma is water turbidity, NTU; q is the inflow of reservoir, m3s-1；
4-2) calculating the turbidity gamma of the water body of the reservoir according to a flow-turbidity relation model m in the model formula (5)*The flow rate Q of water flowing into the reservoir in time is Q*(i.e., minimum influent flow rate to inhibit the growth of harmful algae).
4-3) controlling the flow rate flowing into the reservoir to be more than or equal to the flow rate calculated in the step 4-2), and adjusting the turbidity of the water body of the reservoir (namely, the turbidity of the water body of the reservoir is more than or equal to the lowest turbidity of the water body for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae) to control the growth of the harmful algae.
Particularly, the GLM model formula (5) in step 4-1) is constructed as follows: and modeling the inflow water flow of the reservoir historical record and the turbidity value of the reservoir water body under the corresponding flow by adopting a GLM model, and constructing the inflow water flow and water body turbidity model of the reservoir.
Particularly, a GLM model is adopted in an R language program to construct a model formula (6) of the inflow rate and the turbidity of the reservoir, and the following is specifically realized in the R language program:
d<-read.csv(“data.csv”)
names(d)<-c(“turb”,“Q”)
m<-glm(turb～Q,data＝d) (6)
qstar<-predict(m,turb＝turbstar)
wherein the data.csv is the inlet water turbidity and the flow rate of the reservoir, and the two rows are total; the first column is the turbidity of the water body, turb is used as a variable name, and the unit is NTU; the second column is flow, with Q as the variable name and in m3s-1(ii) a And m is the fitted glm model.
From the flow-turbidity relationship model m in the model equation (5), when γ ═ γ can be calculated*The flow Q (qstar) at (turbo) is specifically implemented in the R language as follows:
where predict is a function in the R language for calculating the flow value qstar when turbidity turb is turbtar; turbstar is equal to the lowest water body turbidity (gamma) for growth of the harmful algae Fucus vesiculosus*)。
Wherein the coefficient k value is determined as follows:
A. in-situ investigation and determination of water turbidity gamma and surface water illumination intensity I of different positions of reservoir0；
B. In-situ measurement of underwater illumination intensity I at different water depths of different investigation position pointsH；
C. Calculating coefficients k of different investigation positions of the reservoir according to a formula (7), wherein the formula (7) is as follows:
IH＝I0e-kγH(7)
wherein, formula (7A) is derived from formula (7) as follows:
in the formula: gamma is water turbidity in NTU; h is the water depth in meters; i is0The unit of the light intensity of the surface water body is mu mol m-2；IHIs under waterLight intensity at depth H (m) in units of μmol m-2；
According to the in-situ investigation result of the step A, B, respectively calculating Y value and X value in the water body at different in-situ investigation positions, wherein
Then fitting a linear equation Y (kX) by adopting a least square method, and calibrating coefficient k values of water bodies at different in-situ investigation positions;
D. and averaging the coefficient k values of the water bodies with different in-situ investigation positions and different turbidities obtained by calculation to obtain the empirical coefficient k.
In particular, the coefficient k has a value of 0.163.
The formula (7) is derived from the lambert beer law formula (3) and the empirical formula (4).
And B, selecting 5-10 investigation positions from the water inlet to the water outlet of the reservoir based on a uniform distribution principle in the in-situ investigation determination positions in the step A.
In particular, 8 in-situ survey measurement locations were selected.
Particularly, the growth light threshold value of the harmful algae is 5-20 [ mu ] mol m < -2 > s < -1 >; the growth depth is 3-8 m.
In particular, the growth light threshold of the harmful algae anabaena pseudobaena is 5 mu mol m-2s-1(ii) a The growth depth is 3.4 m; the growth light threshold of the harmful algae Fucus pumila is 5 mu mol m-2s-1(ii) a The growth depth was 7 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and benefits:
1. the method of the invention adjusts the turbidity of the water body of the reservoir by changing the inflow rate of the water flowing into the reservoir, so that the illumination intensity in the water body is lower than the minimum illumination intensity of the growth of the harmful algae, namely lower than the light threshold of the growth of the harmful algae, thereby achieving the purpose of inhibiting the growth of the harmful algae.
2. The method solves the problem of harm of harmful algae to the water quality of the reservoir, and effectively prevents and controls the danger of the outbreak of the harmful algae.
3. The method only needs to change the water inlet flow of the reservoir, does not need a large amount of manpower and material resources in the implementation process, and reduces the labor intensity and the economic cost.
4. The method controls the flow of the inlet water entering the reservoir only by changing in the growth process of the harmful algae, does not need to add any other additive, does not cause secondary pollution to the water body, is an environment-friendly treatment measure, and is beneficial to sustainable development.
5. The method can inhibit the growth of harmful blue-green algae in the water body, and effectively reduce the risk of odor problem of the water body caused by odor substances generated by the metabolism of the blue-green algae.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the investigation result of turbidity of reservoir water and underwater illumination intensity;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the fitting determination of the empirical coefficient k value based on the turbidity and light survey results of D reservoir;
FIG. 3 is a graph of cell density measurements of Fucus pumila growth under different illumination;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the cell density measurement of the growth of Anabaena pseudobaena under different illumination.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention is described in further detail below with specific examples.
EXAMPLE 1 measurement of coefficient k value
1. Measuring turbidity (gamma) of water body in reservoir and illumination intensity (I) on water surface and underwater0、IH)
In 2018 in 5 months, an underwater light quantum analyzer (LI-COR 190, USA) is adopted to carry out in-situ investigation on a certain reservoir D, and according to turbidity of the reservoirThe distribution condition of the degrees is that 8 (usually 5-10) investigation positions are selected between a water inlet and a water outlet of the reservoir based on the uniform distribution principle, and the water turbidity gamma and the illumination intensity I of the surface water body at the 8 positions are respectively measured in one day0And the underwater illumination intensity I at different water body depths of each investigation position pointHThe results are shown in FIG. 1.
2. The value of the coefficient k is determined according to the formula (7), and the formula (7) is specifically as follows:
IH＝I0e-kγH(7)
the formula (7) is derived from the lambert beer law formula (3) and the empirical formula (4).
From equation (7), equation (7A) can be derived, equation (7A) being as follows:
in the formula: gamma is water turbidity in NTU; h is the water depth in meters; i is0The unit of the light intensity of the surface water body is mu mol m-2；IHThe light intensity at the underwater depth of H (meter) is expressed in the unit of mu mol m-2。
Respectively calculating the water bodies with different turbidities according to the in-situ investigation result
The values and X ═ γ H values were fitted to a linear equation Y ═ kX by the least squares method, and the coefficient k values of the water bodies with different turbidities at different investigation positions were calculated, the results of which are shown in fig. 2.
Taking the average of the coefficients k at different turbidity levels at different investigation positions gives k 0.163.
The coefficient k has universality, is suitable for general reservoirs and has certain universality; if the difference of the particles in the water body of the reservoir is obvious, the coefficient k value can be recalculated by the method.
Example 2 control of growth of harmful algae in D reservoir
1. Investigating the species and growth depth (H) of harmful algae in reservoir*)
1-1) in 7 months, an underwater light quantum analyzer (LI-COR 190, USA) is adopted to carry out in-situ investigation on a certain reservoir D, and the average value (I) of the illumination intensity of the surface layer of the water surface of the reservoir D is investigated in the field0) The measurement result was 4914. mu. mol m-2；；
1-2) detecting and analyzing to obtain main filamentous harmful algae in the water body of the D reservoir as Oscillatoria pumila;
1-3) collecting water samples at different depths of the center point of the reservoir, detecting the cell density of the Oscillatoria pumila in the water body sample, and measuring the highest cell density of the Oscillatoria pumila at a position 7m below the water, namely the growth depth (H) of harmful algae in the reservoir D*) At 7m, this value can be used as an empirical value for the depth of growth of the oscillatoria flonica, and other reservoirs can be referenced.
2. Determination of light threshold for harmful algae growth
2-1) separation of harmful algae in reservoir water
Separating harmful algae by capillary separation, namely selecting a glass tube with a small diameter (about 5 mm), heating on flame, and quickly drawing into a micropipette with an extremely fine caliber when the micropipette is quickly melted; placing a diluted algae solution water sample (about 0.5 mL) on a concave glass slide for microscopic examination; selecting algae to be separated by a micropipette, carefully sucking out the algae, putting the algae into another concave slide, and microscopically inspecting whether the drop of water sample achieves the purposes of separation and purification; if the separation is unsuccessful, repeating the steps for several times until the separation is achieved, and obtaining the water sample containing only single Oscillatoria reflexa;
2-2) extended culture of harmful algae
Transferring the harmful algae separated in the step 2-1) into a sterilized BG11 culture solution for culturing, and continuously illuminating for 24 hours at the culture temperature of 25 ℃ (25 +/-1) DEG C; the illumination intensity is 150 mu mol m-2s-1(typically 100--2s-1) (ii) a Generally, 20-30 individual phlebofloxacin cells are inoculated in each culture dish; the cells are expanded for 10-14 days from the isolation of a small number of cells to a cell concentration of about 1000 cells/ml (usually (1000. + -. 100) cells/ml).
In order to preserve the algae for a long period of time, the separated algae can be treated with penicillin (1000 to 5000 units or streptomycin (20 ppm)) to obtain purer algae.
The composition of the liquid Medium BG11(Blue-Green Medium) was as follows:
2-3) determination of harmful algae growth light threshold (I)*)
2-3-1) respectively inoculating the phlebophyrus flavipes culture solution subjected to expanded culture for 10-14 days (wherein the cell density of the phlebophyrus flavipes reaches (1000 +/-100) per milliliter) into BG11 liquid culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 100 milliliters of the phlebophyrus flavipes culture solution per 1000 milliliters of BG11 liquid culture medium; then placing each culture solution in the illumination intensity of 5, 17, 36, 85 and 250 mu mol m respectively-2s-1Under the conditions of (1), wherein the culture temperature is 25 ℃ (25 ± 1) °; the illumination time of each day is 12 hours, and the light-dark ratio of 12 hours/12 hours is adopted; the illumination intensity is 5, 17, 36, 85 and 250 mu mol m respectively-2s-1；
2-3-2) sampling the culture solution every 2 days (usually 2-3 days) in the culture process, and measuring the cell density (c) of harmful algae (Oscillatoria pumila) in the culture solution by using a microscope (Olympus BX51) counting method, wherein the cell density is the number of the oscillatoria pumila cells in each liter of the culture solution; the measurement results are shown in FIG. 3;
2-3-3) calculating a cell growth rate (r) of the harmful algae, wherein the cell growth rate is calculated according to the formula (2),
r＝(c2-c1)/n (2)
in the formula: r: cell growth rate, unit: individual cells/l.day;
c1, c2 are algal cell densities at two adjacent cultivation dates, unit: individual cells/L;
n is the interval days between two adjacent culture dates in unit: day;
2-3-4) is calculated according to the formula (2)Finding out the illumination condition with r less than or equal to 0, namely the light threshold (I) for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae (Fucus vesiculosus)*) In units of μmol m-2I.e., the growth light threshold of the harmful algae.
The cell density measured in the step 2-3-3) was calculated according to the formula (2) and the light irradiation was 5. mu. mol m-2At that time, the cell growth rate of Fucus pumila is 0 or less, i.e., the growth light threshold (I) of harmful algae (Fucus pumila) in the reservoir D*) Is 5 mu mol m-2。
The oscillatoria flonica has illumination conditions of 5, 17, 36, 85 and 250 mu mol m-2s-1The results of measuring the cell density of algae under the conditions (1) are shown in FIG. 1. From FIG. 3, it can be seen that the Fucus pumila was illuminated at a medium intensity (36. mu. mol m)-2s-1) The growth is better under the condition of the highest illumination of 250 mu mol m-2s-1The inhibition effect of illumination on the growth of algae is obvious; at a light level of 5. mu. mol m-2s-1When the light intensity is not increased, the cell density of the algae is not increased, which indicates that the light condition is the lowest light intensity (light threshold value, I) for maintaining the growth of the Oscillatoria pumila*) I.e. a light level of 5. mu. mol m-2s-1Is the light threshold for growth of the Oscillatoria pumila maintainer.
3. Calculating the minimum water turbidity (gamma) for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae*)
Calculating the lowest water turbidity for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae, namely the Oscillatoria fulva in the D reservoir water according to a formula (7),
IH＝I0e-kγH(7)
in the formula: h is the growth depth of harmful algae, rice (m);
gamma is water turbidity, NTU;
I0the average light intensity of the water surface of the reservoir is mu mol m-2；
IHThe light intensity at the water depth of H (m), mu mol m-2；
k is an empirical value and is 0.163.
The average light intensity of the water surface of the reservoir in month 7 is determined to be 4914 mu mol m by an underwater light quantum analyzer-2。
Deducing from the formula (7), when the depth of the water body of the reservoir is H, the illumination intensity (I) isH) Light threshold associated with unwanted algae growth (I)*) If the water body depth is equal to H, the growth of harmful algae in the reservoir water body depth is inhibited, and the water body turbidity in the reservoir water body depth is the lowest water body turbidity (gamma) for inhibiting the growth of the harmful algae*) Then derive the formula (7A)
In the formula: h is the growth depth of harmful algae, m;
γ*NTU is the lowest water turbidity for inhibiting the growth of algae;
I0mu mol m-value as the illumination intensity of the water surface of the reservoir2；
IHThe depth of the water body is the light intensity at the position of H, mu mol m-2(ii) a When I isHEqual to the growth light threshold I of harmful algae0Then, the lowest water turbidity gamma for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae is obtained by the formula 7A)*；
The coefficient k is an empirical value and is 0.163.
D, the growth depth H of the harmful algae, namely the Oscillatoria fulvescens in the reservoir is 7 m; average value of surface light intensity (I)0) Is 4914 μmol m-2(ii) a When the depth of the reservoir water body is H, the illumination intensity (I) isH) Light threshold associated with unwanted algae growth (I)*) When the same, the growth of harmful algae is inhibited, i.e. IH＝I*＝5μmol m-2When the growth of harmful algae of which the growth depth (H) is 7m in the reservoir D is inhibited, the lowest water body turbidity (gamma) for inhibiting the growth of the harmful algae of which the growth depth is 7m is calculated according to the formula (7A)*) Was 6.03 NTU.
4. Calculating the inflow of reservoir
4-1) constructing a model formula (5) of the water inlet flow and the water body turbidity of the D reservoir by adopting a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) according to the historical water inlet flow of the D reservoir and the turbidity value of the water body of the reservoir under the corresponding flow, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
m＝glm(γ～Q) (5)
in the formula: m is a fitted GLM model; gamma is D reservoir water turbidity, NTU; q is D water inflow of reservoir, m3s-1。
The method comprises the steps of modeling the inflow water flow of a reservoir historical record and the turbidity value of a reservoir water body under the corresponding flow by adopting a GLM model, and constructing the inflow water flow and water body turbidity model of the reservoir.
The method comprises the following steps of constructing a model formula (5) of the inflow rate and the turbidity of the reservoir by adopting a GLM model in an R language program, and specifically realizing the following steps in the R language program:
the R language calculation code is as follows:
d<-read.csv(“data.csv”)
names(d)<-c(“turb”,“Q”)
m<-glm(turb～Q,data＝d) (6)
qstar<-predict(m,turb＝6.03)
qstar＝62.3
wherein the data.csv is the inlet water turbidity and the flow rate of the reservoir, and the two rows are total; the first column is the turbidity of the water body, turb is used as a variable name, and the unit is NTU; the second column is flow, with Q as the variable name and in m3s-1(ii) a And m is the fitted glm model.
From the flow-turbidity relationship model m in the model equation (5), when γ ═ γ can be calculated*The flow Q (qstar) at (turbo) is specifically implemented in the R language as follows:
qstar<-predict(m,turb＝turbstar)
where predict is a function in the R language for calculating the flow value qstar when turbidity turb is turbtar; in this example, turbstar is equal to the lowest turbidity (gamma) of the water body for growth of the harmful algae Fucus vesiculosus*)6.03NTU。
From the flow-turbidity relationship model m in the model equation (5), when γ ═ γ can be calculated*The flow Q is then Q.
4-2) calculating the flow Q of the water entering the D reservoir to be 62.3m in the R language program according to the model formula (5)3s-1When the water turbidity of the reservoir is 6.03NTU, namely the water inlet flow entering the reservoir is controlled to be 62.3m3s-1In the process, the turbidity of the water body of the D reservoir can be kept to be 6.03NTU, so that the aim of controlling the growth of the Oscillatoria floating in the water body is fulfilled.
The flow rate into the D reservoir is controlled to be 62.3m3s-1Under the condition of (1), after running for 9 days, collecting a water sample with the depth of 7m underwater at the center of the reservoir, detecting the cell density of the Oscillatoria pumila in the water sample, and detecting no cell of the Oscillatoria pumila by microscopic examination, wherein the cell density of the Oscillatoria pumila in the depth of 7m underwater of the reservoir is 0.
Example 3 control of growth of harmful algae in E reservoir
1. Investigating the species and growth depth (H) of harmful algae in reservoir*)
1-1) in 9 months, an underwater light quantum analyzer (LI-COR 190, USA) is adopted to carry out in-situ investigation on the E reservoir, and the average value (I) of the illumination intensity of the surface layer of the water surface of the E reservoir is measured in the field0) The measurement result was 3076. mu. mol m-2；
1-2) detecting and analyzing to obtain the anabaena pseudocarp as main filamentous harmful algae in the water body of the E reservoir;
1-3) collecting water samples at different depths of the center point of the reservoir, detecting the cell density of anabaena pseudocarp in each sample, and measuring the highest cell density of anabaena pseudocarp at a position 3.4m under water, namely the growth depth (H) of anabaena pseudocarp which is a harmful alga in the reservoir E*) 3.4m, which can be used as the empirical value of the depth of growth of anabaena pseudobaena, and other reservoirs can be referred to.
2. Determination of light threshold for harmful algae growth
2-1) separation of harmful algae in reservoir water
Separating harmful algae by capillary separation, namely selecting a glass tube with a small diameter (about 5 mm), heating on flame, and quickly drawing into a micropipette with an extremely fine caliber when the micropipette is quickly melted; placing a diluted algae solution water sample (about 0.5 mL) on a concave glass slide for microscopic examination; selecting algae to be separated by a micropipette, carefully sucking out the algae, putting the algae into another concave slide, and microscopically inspecting whether the drop of water sample achieves the purposes of separation and purification; if the separation is unsuccessful, repeating the steps for several times until the separation is achieved, and obtaining the water sample containing only single anabaena pseudocarp;
2-2) extended culture of harmful algae
Transferring the harmful algae separated in the step 2-1) into a sterilized BG11 culture solution for culturing, and continuously illuminating for 24 hours at the culture temperature of 25 ℃ (25 +/-1) DEG C; the illumination intensity is 150 mu mol m-2s-1(typically 100--2s-1) (ii) a Generally, 20-30 anabaena pseudocarp cell individuals are inoculated in each culture dish; the cells are expanded for 10-14 days from the isolation of a small number of cells to a cell concentration of about 1000 cells/ml (usually (1000. + -. 100) cells/ml).
In order to preserve the algae for a long period of time, the separated algae can be treated with penicillin (1000 to 5000 units or streptomycin (20 ppm)) to obtain purer algae.
2-3) determination of harmful algae growth light threshold (I)*)
2-3-1) respectively inoculating anabaena pseudobaena culture solution (wherein the cell density of anabaena pseudobaena reaches (1000 +/-100) per milliliter) which is subjected to expanded culture for 10-14 days into BG11 liquid culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 100 milliliters of anabaena pseudobaena culture solution per 1000 milliliters of BG11 liquid culture medium; then placing each culture solution in the illumination intensity of 5, 17, 36, 85 and 250 mu mol m respectively- 2s-1Under the conditions of (1), wherein the culture temperature is 25 ℃ (25 ± 1) °; the illumination time of each day is 12 hours, and the light-dark ratio of 12 hours/12 hours is adopted;
2-3-2) sampling the culture solution every 2 days (usually 2-3 days) in the culture process, and measuring the cell density (c) of harmful algae (anabaena pseudocarp) in the culture solution by using a microscope (Olympus BX51) counting method; the cell density is the number of anabaena pseudocarp cells in each liter of culture solution; the measurement results are shown in FIG. 4;
2-3-3) calculating a cell growth rate (r) of the harmful algae, wherein the cell growth rate is calculated according to the formula (2),
r＝(c2-c1)/n (2)
in the formula: r: individual cells/l.day;
c1 and c2 are the cell density of algae in two adjacent culture dates, each cell/L;
n is the interval days and days between the front and the back adjacent culture dates;
2-3-4) calculating the cell growth rate r under different illumination conditions according to the formula (2), finding out the illumination condition that r is less than or equal to 0, namely the light threshold (I) for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae (anabaena pseudocarp)*) In units of μmol m-2I.e., the growth light threshold of the harmful algae.
The cell density measured in the step 2-3-3) was calculated according to the formula (2) and the light irradiation was 5. mu. mol m-2When the growth rate of anabaena pseudocarp cells is less than or equal to 0, namely the growth light threshold (I) of harmful algae (anabaena pseudocarp) in the reservoir D*) Is 5 mu mol m-2。
The anabaena pseudobaena has illumination conditions of 5, 17, 36, 85 and 250 mu mol m-2s-1The result of measuring the cell density of algae under the conditions (1) is shown in FIG. 4. As can be seen from FIG. 2, anabaena pseudocarp is illuminated at a medium intensity (85. mu. mol m)-2s-1) The growth is better under the condition of the highest illumination of 250 mu mol m-2s-1The inhibition effect of illumination on the growth of algae is obvious; at a light level of 5. mu. mol m-2s-1When the light intensity is higher than the light threshold value, the light intensity is the lowest light intensity (light threshold value, I) for maintaining the growth of anabaena pseudobaena*) I.e. a light level of 5. mu. mol m-2s-1Is the light threshold for anabaena pseudobaena maintainer growth.
3. Calculating the minimum water turbidity (gamma) for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae*)
Calculating the lowest water turbidity for inhibiting the growth of anabaena pseudocarp which is a harmful alga in the water of the reservoir E according to a formula (7),
IH＝I0e-kγH(7)
in the formula: h is the growth depth of harmful algae, rice (m);
gamma is water turbidity, NTU;
I0is reservoir waterSurface illumination intensity, μmol m-2；
IHThe light intensity at the water depth of H (m), mu mol m-2；
k is an empirical value and is 0.163.
The average light intensity of the water surface of the reservoir in 9 months is determined to be 3076 mu mol m by an underwater light quantum analyzer-2。
Deducing from the formula (7), when the depth of the water body of the reservoir is H, the illumination intensity (I) isH) Light threshold associated with unwanted algae growth (I)*) If the water body depth is equal to H, the growth of harmful algae in the reservoir water body depth is inhibited, and the water body turbidity in the reservoir water body depth is the lowest water body turbidity (gamma) for inhibiting the growth of the harmful algae*) Then derive the formula (7A)
In the formula: h is the growth depth of harmful algae, rice (m);
γ*NTU is the lowest water turbidity for inhibiting the growth of algae;
I0is the illumination intensity of the water surface of the reservoir, mu mol m-2；
IHThe light intensity at the water depth of H (m), mu mol m-2(ii) a When I isHEqual to the growth light threshold I of harmful algae0Then, the lowest water turbidity gamma for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae is obtained by the formula (7A)*；
k is an empirical value and is 0.163.
E, the growth depth H of the harmful algae anabaena pseudocarp in the reservoir is 3.4 m; average value of surface light intensity (I)0) 3076 μmol m-2(ii) a When the depth of the reservoir water body is H, the illumination intensity (I) isH) Light threshold associated with unwanted algae growth (I)*) When the same, the growth of harmful algae is inhibited, i.e. IH＝I*＝5μmol m-2When the growth depth (H) of anabaena, a harmful alga with the growth depth of 3.4m, in the reservoir E is inhibited, the lowest water for inhibiting the growth of anabaena, a harmful alga is obtained according to the formula (7A)Body turbidity (. gamma.) of*) Was 11.58 NTU.
4. Calculating the inflow of reservoir
4-1) constructing a model formula (5) of the water inlet flow and the water body turbidity of the D reservoir by adopting a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) according to the historical water inlet flow of the E reservoir and the turbidity value of the water body of the reservoir under the corresponding flow, and specifically comprising the following steps:
m＝glm(γ～Q) (5)
in the formula: m is a fitted GLM model; gamma is E reservoir water turbidity, NTU; q is E reservoir inflow, m3s-1。
The method comprises the following steps of constructing a model formula (5) of the inflow rate and the turbidity of the reservoir by adopting a GLM model in an R language program, and specifically realizing the following steps in the R language program:
the R language calculation code is as follows:
d<-read.csv(“data.csv”)
names(d)<-c(“turb”,“Q”)
m<-glm(turb～Q,data＝d) (6)
qstar<-predict(m,turb＝11.58)
qstar＝340
wherein the data.csv is the inlet water turbidity and the flow rate of the reservoir, and the two rows are total; the first column is the turbidity of the water body, turb is used as a variable name, and the unit is NTU; the second column is flow, with Q as the variable name and in m3s-1(ii) a And m is the fitted glm model.
From the flow-turbidity relationship model m in the model equation (5), when γ ═ γ can be calculated*The flow Q (qstar) at (turbo) is specifically implemented in the R language as follows:
qstar<-predict(m,turb＝turbstar)
where predict is a function in the R language for calculating the flow value qstar when turbidity turb is turbtar; in this example, turbstar is equal to the lowest turbidity (gamma) of the water body for growth of the harmful algae Fucus vesiculosus*)11.58NTU。
From the flow-turbidity relationship model m in the model equation (5), when γ ═ γ can be calculated*The flow Q is then Q.
4-2) calculating the flow Q of the water entering the E reservoir to be 340m according to the model formula (5)3s-1When the water turbidity of the reservoir is 11.58NTU, namely, the water inlet flow entering the reservoir is controlled to be 340m3s-1In the process, the turbidity of the water body of the E reservoir can be kept to be 11.58NTU, so that the aim of controlling the growth of the anabaena pseudocarp in the water body is fulfilled.
The flow rate entering the E reservoir is controlled to be 340m3s-1Under the condition of (1), after running for 12 days, collecting a water sample with the depth of 3.4m underwater at the center of the reservoir, detecting the cell density of the anabaena pseudocarp in the water sample, wherein the anabaena pseudocarp cells are not detected by microscopic examination, which shows that the cell density of the anabaena pseudocarp in the depth of 3.4m underwater in the reservoir is 0.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention in any way, and any person skilled in the art can make many changes or modifications to the equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling the growth of harmful algae in the water body of reservoir features that the water inlet flow to reservoir is controlled.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the harmful algae are filamentous cyanobacteria.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the harmful algae is Oscillatoria (Oscilllaria sp.), Phormidium sp, Anabaena pseudobaena sp or Oscillatoria pumila (Planktothrix sp.).
4. A method for controlling the growth of harmful algae in a reservoir water body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) investigating the species of harmful algae in the water body of the reservoir, measuring the cell density of the harmful algae at different water depths, and determining the growth depth H of the harmful algae*；
2) Measuring the growth rate of harmful algae under different illumination intensities, and determining the growth light threshold I of the harmful algae*；
3) Calculating the lowest water turbidity gamma for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae according to the formula (3)*The formula (1) is as follows:
in the formula: h is the growth depth of harmful algae, rice;
γ*NTU is the lowest water turbidity for inhibiting the growth of algae;
I0is the illumination intensity of the water surface of the reservoir, mu mol m-2；
IHThe water depth is the light intensity at H, mu mol m-2；
k is 0.163;
the illumination intensity I at the depth H of the water bodyHGrowth light threshold with harmful algae I*When the water turbidity is equal, the water turbidity obtained by calculation according to the formula (1) is the lowest water turbidity gamma for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae*；
4) And controlling and adjusting the water inlet flow of the reservoir to ensure that the turbidity of the water body of the reservoir is greater than or equal to the lowest turbidity of the water body for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae, and controlling the growth of the harmful algae.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the harmful algae in step 1) is filamentous blue algae.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the harmful algae in step 1) is Oscillatoria, Schizophyta, Anabaena pseudolaris or Oscillatoria pumila.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the growth light threshold value I of the harmful algae in the step 2)*The method comprises the following steps:
2-1) firstly separating and purifying harmful algae from the water body; then inoculating harmful algae into BG11 liquid culture medium for expansion culture;
2-2) inoculating the culture solution after the expanded culture into BG11 liquid culture medium again, and controlling the illumination intensity to be 1-300 mu mol m-2s-1Under the condition of (1), wherein the culture temperature is 25 ℃; the illumination time of each day is 12 hours, and the light-dark ratio of 12 hours/12 hours is adopted;
2-3) sampling in the culture solution every 2-3 days in the culture process, determining the number of harmful algae in the culture solution by using a microscope, and calculating the cell density of the harmful algae in the culture solution;
2-4) calculating the cell growth rate r of the harmful algae under different illumination intensities according to the formula (2) according to the calculated cell density of the harmful algae, wherein the formula (2) is as follows:
r＝(c2-c1)/n (2)
in the formula: r is cell growth rate, per cell/L.day;
c1 and c2 are the cell density of algae before and after the culture date, and each cell/L;
n is the number of days of culture, days, at which the cell density interval is measured;
2-5) calculating the cell growth rate r under different illumination conditions according to the formula (2), and finding out the illumination condition that r is less than or equal to 0, namely the light threshold value I for inhibiting the growth of harmful algae*In units of μmol m-2。
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the culture conditions of the scale-up culture in step 2-1) are continuous light irradiation for 24 hours and the culture temperature is (25. + -. 1) ° C.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein said harmful algae have a growth light thresholdThe value is 5 to 20 μmol m-2s-1(ii) a The growth depth is 3-8 m.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the anabaena pseudobaena, a harmful alga, has a growth light threshold of 5 μmol-2s-1(ii) a The growth depth is 3.4 m; the growth light threshold of the harmful algae Fucus pumila is 5 mu mol m-2s-1(ii) a The growth depth was 7 m.
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