CN110833830B - Method for preparing demercuration catalyst by using natural ore soil and waste residues - Google Patents
Method for preparing demercuration catalyst by using natural ore soil and waste residues Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- -1 hydroxy iron aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 101100494773 Caenorhabditis elegans ctl-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 101100112369 Fasciola hepatica Cat-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 8
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- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 101100208039 Rattus norvegicus Trpv5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100005280 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) cat-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101150116295 CAT2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 101100126846 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) katG gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/745—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8665—Removing heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing an oxidation demercuration catalyst by utilizing natural ore soil and waste residues, belonging to the field of comprehensive utilization of waste and gas purification. The catalyst prepared by the invention effectively utilizes metals such as Fe, Al, Ti and the like and alkali contained in the red mud, so that the red mud can simultaneously carry out pillared modification and loading on the montmorillonite, and then is mixed and carbonized with the sludge to form a porous structure. The prepared catalyst has the advantages of high porosity, large specific surface area and stable metal immobilization, and the specific surface area can reach 178m2Per g, pore volume up to 0.49m3The mercury removal catalyst is applied to flue gas mercury removal, and can realize Hg at a lower temperature0High efficiency oxidation. The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, mild conditions, low cost due to the adoption of natural mineral soil and industrial wastes as raw materials, capability of solving the problems of accumulation of waste residues and environmental pollution, and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing an oxidation demercuration catalyst by utilizing natural ore soil and waste residues, belonging to the field of comprehensive utilization of waste and gas purification.
Background
The coal as the most main energy occupies more than 70% of the energy structure in China, and the coal consumed in China every year occupies 31% of the total consumption of raw coal in the world. However, the average mercury content in the coal in China is 0.22mg/kg, which is far higher than the world average mercury content of 0.13 mg/kg. The amount of mercury discharged to the atmosphere in China every year due to coal-fired power stations is 500-700 t, and accounts for about 30% of the total emission amount of the world. Therefore, how to effectively control mercury in coal-fired flue gas has become an urgent problem to be solved.
The catalytic oxidation demercuration technology is to remove Hg in flue gas0Oxidation to easily removed Hg2+The technique of (1). The research on the mercury catalytic oxidation technology at present is mainly for the development of catalysts, and the catalysts can be divided into three categories: SCR catalyst, catalyst using carbon as carrier to load metal, metal and its oxide. The catalysts all adopt pure chemical reagents as raw materials, the preparation cost is high, and how to develop the catalyst which is low in price and can ensure high catalytic oxidation efficiency becomes the key point of research.
Montmorillonite is a common natural mineral, and in recent years, part of scholars adopt modified montmorillonite for mercury removal. CN105664838A discloses a mercury removal adsorbent of metal oxide-loaded pillared montmorillonite, which has high thermal stability, high mercury removal efficiency and low cost through the synergistic effect between pillared montmorillonite and active components,is environment-friendly and has great application potential. The research institute of process engineering of Chinese academy of sciences also uses the montmorillonite loaded with manganese for the catalytic oxidation of elemental mercury in flue gas, and the result shows that 4% Mn/montmorillonite shows good mercury removal efficiency and has potential industrial application value (research on the catalytic oxidation of elemental mercury by montmorillonite-loaded manganese catalyst, Wu Ying hong, Chinese outstanding Master thesis). Therefore, the combination of the montmorillonite and the metal oxide can effectively adsorb and catalyze and oxidize Hg in the smoke. The red mud is Al produced in bauxite industry2O3The strong alkaline solid residue generated in the process and the waste alkali liquor in the red mud can cause soil alkalization, swampiness and pollution to surface and underground water sources, and directly harm human health. China is the world with the highest output of alumina and red mud, and in China, each ton of Al2O31-1.6 tons of red mud can be formed during the production, but the utilization rate is less than 15%, so that the comprehensive utilization of the red mud is widely concerned. The red mud mainly comprises iron oxide and hydroxide, aluminum oxide and hydroxide, kaolinite, quartz, calcite, titanium oxide and other substances, and is rich in metal elements. If the metal elements in the red mud can be effectively utilized, the waste is changed into valuable, and the method is one of effective sections for solving the problem of mass accumulation of the red mud in the current national conditions. In addition, the municipal sewage treatment plant can generate a lot of sludge which contains rich organic matters, and the sludge can form sludge carbon with rich pore structures after being carbonized, so that the sludge carbon has good adsorption capacity.
Based on the prior art, the inventor develops a method for preparing the flue gas demercuration catalyst by using natural mineral soil montmorillonite, solid waste red mud and sludge as raw materials through long-term research, the obtained catalyst effectively utilizes metal Fe, Al, Ti and alkali contained in the red mud and organic matters in the sludge, has low cost, can solve the problems of accumulation of industrial waste and environmental pollution, and can change waste into valuable when being applied to flue gas demercuration so as to treat waste with waste. The preparation method has the advantages of simple process, mild conditions and wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The inventionThe catalyst effectively utilizes metals such as Fe, Al, Ti and the like and alkali contained in red mud to simultaneously carry out pillared modification and loading on montmorillonite, and then is mixed and carbonized with sludge to form a porous structure. The catalyst prepared by the invention has the advantages of high porosity, large specific surface area and stable metal immobilization, and the specific surface area can reach 178m2Per g, pore volume up to 0.49m3The mercury removal catalyst is applied to flue gas mercury removal, and can realize Hg at a lower temperature0High efficiency oxidation.
Specifically, the method for preparing the demercuration catalyst by using the natural ore soil and the waste residue comprises the following steps:
(1) adding red mud into water with the volume 2-5 times that of the red mud, continuously stirring, filtering, collecting filtrate, and recovering alkali in the red mud, wherein the filtrate is recorded as s 1; adding 0.1-0.8mol/L hydrochloric acid into the obtained red mud, adding acid, and stirring for 0.5-2h to dissolve partial metal Al and Fe in the red mud, wherein the liquid-solid ratio L/S =2-10mL/g, and the obtained suspension is marked as S2;
(2) slowly adding the filtrate S1 into the suspension S2 under continuous stirring, adding the amount of liquid-solid ratio L/S =2-5mL/g, continuously adding water with the volume of 15-20 times that of the filtrate S1, stirring for 1-3h, standing and aging to ensure that dissolved Al and Fe form hydroxyl compounds, and recording the obtained suspension as S3;
(3) adding dried montmorillonite into the suspension s3, wherein the adding amount is 0.5-2 times of the mass of the solid in the suspension, continuously stirring to ensure that hydroxy iron aluminum carries out pillared modification on the montmorillonite, standing for aging, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a mixture of red mud and pillared montmorillonite;
(4) and mixing the mixture of the red mud and the pillared montmorillonite with 10-20wt% of dehydrated dry sludge, roasting and carbonizing at 900 ℃ for 5-10h under a nitrogen atmosphere, and continuously roasting at 500 ℃ for 2-6h under an air atmosphere at 300-.
The obtained demercuration catalyst takes sludge carbon, pillared montmorillonite, aluminosilicate and the like as carriers, and takes loaded ferric oxide, alumina, titanium oxide and other small amount of metal oxides as active components. Wherein, transition metal oxide iron oxide is used as a main catalytic active component, titanium oxide and other small amount of metal components are used as auxiliary agents, and aluminum oxide can regulate the acidity of the catalyst. Organic matters in the sludge are continuously volatilized in the carbonization process, and the volatilized gas can effectively expand the pores of the catalyst, so that the catalyst forms a loose and porous structure, and the mass transfer is enhanced.
Furthermore, the red mud is Bayer process red mud, and is marked by mass fraction Al2O35-20wt% of Fe2O3The content is 5-35 wt%.
Further, the montmorillonite is acid-pretreated montmorillonite.
Further, the aging in the steps (2) and (3) is carried out at room temperature, and the aging time is 6-10 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the flue gas demercuration catalyst provided by the invention adopts natural minerals and industrial wastes as raw materials, is low in cost, can solve the problems of accumulation of the industrial wastes and environmental pollution, changes waste into valuable, and treats waste with waste.
(2) The preparation method has simple process and mild conditions, and is suitable for large-scale production.
(3) The specific surface area of the flue gas demercuration catalyst can reach 178m2Per g, Hg can be achieved at lower temperatures (200 ℃ C. and 300 ℃ C.)0High efficiency catalytic oxidation of Hg0The oxidation rate can reach 70-80%, is superior to the existing Mn/montmorillonite catalyst (65-70%), and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows N of Cat1, Cat2 and Cat32-adsorption/desorption isotherms; wherein, A is Cat1, B is Cat2, and C is Cat 3.
FIG. 2 shows Hg at different temperatures for Cat1, Cat2, Cat30Oxidation rate of (c).
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Red mud (Bayer process red mud, Al)2O310wt% of Fe2O325 wt%) into water with 4 times volume, continuously stirring and filtering, collecting filtrate, recovering alkali in the red mud, and recording the filtrate as s 1; adding 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid into the obtained red mud, stirring for 2 hours to dissolve partial metal Al and Fe in the red mud, wherein the liquid-solid ratio of the added acid is L/S =8mL/g, and the obtained suspension is recorded as S2;
(2) slowly adding the filtrate S1 into the suspension S2 under continuous stirring, adding the amount of liquid-solid ratio L/S =4mL/g, continuously adding water with the volume being 20 times that of the filtrate S1, stirring for 2h, standing and aging at room temperature for 8h to ensure that dissolved Al and Fe form hydroxyl compounds, and recording the obtained suspension as S3;
(3) adding dried montmorillonite into the suspension s3, wherein the adding amount is 1 time of the mass of the solid in the suspension, continuously stirring to ensure that hydroxy iron aluminum carries out pillared modification on the montmorillonite, standing and aging for 8 hours at room temperature, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a mixture of red mud and pillared montmorillonite;
(4) and (3) mixing the mixture of the red mud and the pillared montmorillonite with dehydrated and dried sludge with the mass fraction of 18wt%, roasting and carbonizing for 8 hours at 900 ℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere, and continuously roasting for 4 hours at 400 ℃ under an air atmosphere to obtain the demercuration catalyst which is recorded as Cat 1.
Example 2
The prepared demercuration catalyst Cat1 (0.3 g) is filled in a fixed bed reactor, and simulated flue gas with the composition of 4 percent of O is introduced2，10% CO2，400 ppm SO2，8% H2O, 10 ppm HCl, 200 ppm NO, and N2Balancing gas; by using CO2Hg is used as a carrier0（50μg/m3) Introduced into the reactor at a flow rate of 1L/min, airspeed 10000h-1. The mercury oxidation rate was calculated by measuring the reactor outlet mercury content.
Comparative example 1
Using chemical reagent AlCl3、Na2CO3Montmorillonite is subjected to pillared modification and then loaded with Mn by an impregnation method to prepare a 4% Mn/montmorillonite catalyst which is recorded as Cat 2.
Comparative example 2
The addition of sludge and carbonization steps were omitted from the preparation of example 1 and the resulting catalyst was designated Cat 3.
FIG. 1 shows N of Cat1, Cat2 and Cat32Adsorption/desorption isotherms and the pore structure parameters of the catalysts obtained are given in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Catalyst and process for preparing same | Specific surface area (m)2/g） | Pore volume (cm)3/g） |
| Cat1 | 178 | 0.49 |
| Cat2 | 140 | 0.40 |
| Cat3 | 93 | 0.23 |
From Table 1 can seeThe Cat3 without sludge pore expansion shows the lowest specific surface, the porosity of the catalyst after sludge carbonization pore expansion is greatly improved, and the specific surface can reach 178m2The content of the catalyst is better than that of Mn/montmorillonite of 4 percent, and the invention obtains the oxidation demercuration catalyst with richer pore structures.
FIG. 2 shows Hg for Cat1, Cat2, Cat3 under test conditions0Oxidation rate of (c). As can be seen from the figure, the sludge charring pore-expanded catalyst of the present invention has better Hg than the 4% Mn/montmorillonite and non-pore-expanded catalyst0The highest oxidation rate of the catalyst can reach more than 80 percent. The catalyst has more mass transfer channels and more adsorption sites after being expanded, the probability of contact with catalytic oxidation active components is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the metal components contained in the red mud generate a synergistic promotion effect, so that the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst obtained by the invention is greatly improved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (2)
1. The application of the catalyst prepared from natural ore soil and waste residue in oxidative demercuration is characterized in that the preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) adding red mud into water with the volume 2-5 times that of the red mud, continuously stirring, filtering, collecting filtrate, and recovering alkali in the red mud, wherein the filtrate is recorded as s 1; adding 0.1-0.8mol/L hydrochloric acid into the obtained red mud, adding acid, and stirring for 0.5-2h to dissolve partial metal Al and Fe in the red mud, wherein the liquid-solid ratio L/S =2-10mL/g, and the obtained suspension is marked as S2;
(2) slowly adding the filtrate S1 into the suspension S2 under continuous stirring, adding the amount of liquid-solid ratio L/S =2-5mL/g, continuously adding water with the volume of 15-20 times that of the filtrate S1, stirring for 1-3h, standing and aging to ensure that dissolved Al and Fe form hydroxyl compounds, and recording the obtained suspension as S3;
(3) adding dried montmorillonite into the suspension s3, wherein the adding amount is 0.5-2 times of the mass of the solid in the suspension, continuously stirring to ensure that hydroxy iron aluminum carries out pillared modification on the montmorillonite, standing for aging, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a mixture of red mud and pillared montmorillonite;
(4) mixing the mixture of the red mud and the pillared montmorillonite with 10-20wt% of dehydrated dry sludge, roasting and carbonizing at 900 ℃ for 5-10h under nitrogen atmosphere and at 500 ℃ under 300-500 ℃ under air atmosphere, and continuously roasting for 2-6h to obtain the catalyst;
the red mud is Bayer process red mud, and is marked by mass fraction Al2O35-20wt% of Fe2O3The content is 5-35 wt%;
the ageing in the steps (2) and (3) is carried out at room temperature, and the ageing time is 6-10 h.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the montmorillonite is acid-pretreated montmorillonite.
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