CN110833050A - Crucian breeding method combining materials according to temperature change - Google Patents
Crucian breeding method combining materials according to temperature change Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a crucian breeding method combining materials according to temperature change, which comprises the steps of carrying out segmental breeding, wherein a low-temperature stage is carried out in 3-4 months, a moderate-temperature stage is carried out in 5-6 months, a high-temperature stage is carried out in 7-8 months, a moderate-temperature stage is carried out in 9-10 months, and a low-temperature stage is carried out in 11-2 months; the expanded feed is divided into high-grade expanded feed with 34-36% of crude protein content, medium-grade expanded feed with 31-33% of crude protein content and low-grade expanded feed with 28-30% of crude protein content; feeding middle-grade or low-grade expanded feed at the low-temperature stage of the whole year, feeding high-grade expanded feed at the moderate-temperature stage, and feeding middle-grade or low-grade expanded feed at the high-temperature stage. According to the annual climate temperature change rule, the invention provides a method for combining the materials of the crucian in the whole process from fry to adult fish culture, the grade of the feed is reasonably selected, and the scientific combination and the efficient utilization of the feed materials are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crucian breeding method combining materials according to temperature change, in particular to a crucian breeding method for feeding different feeds in different stages all year round, which is a low-cost and high-efficiency crucian breeding method.
Background
Crucian carp is one of the important large amount of freshwater aquaculture species in China, and has an important position in the freshwater aquaculture industry in China. Crucian carp is cultivated in most areas of China in a large scale, and is mainly concentrated in east, middle and south areas, such as Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Shandong, Guangdong, Sichuan, Liaoning, Zhejiang and other provinces. In 2018, the yield of Chinese crucian carps accounts for about 9.36 percent of the total amount of freshwater aquaculture in China, and is close to one tenth.
The protein demand of crucian is reported more, and in recent two years, due to the trend that high-quality protein fish meal resources are in short supply and the price rises all the way, the research on the aspects of low fish meal and no fish meal replaced by fish meal is more. Generally, the variety and age of crucian can influence the demand of crucian on protein, and the current demand range of protein of crucian is 22-47%, the demand of fat is 4-14.5%, and the amplitude is large. The environment mainly comprises illumination, temperature, salinity, bait abundance and the like; in addition, the method is also influenced by artificial factors such as breeding technology and stocking density. Among the many influencing factors, temperature is the most active and close control factor for fish growth, and directly or indirectly influences important life activities such as survival, growth, feeding and reproduction of fish. In a certain temperature range, the feeding rate and the growth rate of the fishes gradually increase along with the increase of the culture temperature, but when the temperature exceeds the temperature range, the feeding rate and the growth rate of the fishes tend to decrease along with the increase or decrease of the temperature. The water temperature mainly influences the digestion and metabolic processes of the fishes by influencing the activities of digestive enzymes and metabolic enzymes in vivo, and further influences the growth of the fishes. In addition, the temperature generally affects the dissolved oxygen level of the water body, thereby indirectly affecting the metabolism of the fishes. Due to the special physicochemical properties of the water body, the higher the temperature, the lower the dissolved oxygen level of the water body, the significant influence of the dissolved oxygen level on the metabolism of the fish is achieved, and generally, the dissolved oxygen level is in a descending trend along with the reduction of the dissolved oxygen level no matter whether the static metabolism, the ingestion metabolism or the active metabolism is carried out.
At present, most of literature focuses on the exploration of a breeding method for a certain growth stage of crucian, and systematic induction of a material using method from juvenile fish to adult fish is lacked. Therefore, in actual production, the annual material grade is not accurately positioned, the nutrient level of the feed is lower than or higher than the physiological needs of the fish body, the growth of the fish body and the effective utilization of the feed are finally influenced, and the maximum economic benefit of farmers cannot be obtained.
Patent documents CN108157237A (a method for culturing crucian carp, 2016.12.07), CN107873575A (a method for culturing crucian carp, 2017.09.29), CN107667920A (a method for culturing crucian carp, 2017.10.25), CN107950440A (a method for culturing high-yield crucian carp, 2017.12.27), CN109247271A (a method for culturing crucian carp, 2018.10.24) and the like, all of which are all the contents of management around a culture pond, seed putting, feed formula optimization, nutrition addition, water quality management, breeding process management and the like, and do not relate to a method for selecting material grades for different seasons (temperatures) under the same culture conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crucian breeding method combining materials according to temperature change, which reasonably selects the grade of feed according to different utilization rates of the feed of different grades in different seasons (temperatures) in the annual growth period of crucian, realizes scientific combination and efficient utilization of the feed materials, controls breeding cost, improves benefits of farmers, relieves the dependence on fish meal resources, and is suitable for wide popularization and application.
The method for reasonably selecting the feed grade according to different seasons is to feed medium/low grade materials in high-temperature seasons; feeding high-grade materials in a season with proper temperature; and feeding medium/low grade materials in the low-temperature season. Under the condition of high temperature, the metabolism of the fish body is disordered, the catabolism metabolism is enhanced, the activity of digestive enzymes is reduced, the difference of the utilization rates of different grades of feed is reduced, the material grade can be properly reduced, and the cost of the feed is reduced; under the condition of proper temperature, the assimilation and metabolism of the fish body are enhanced, the high-quality animal protein which is easy to digest is more beneficial to the digestion and absorption of the crucian, the feed grade can be properly improved to improve the weight gain rate, and the feed coefficient is reduced; under the condition of low temperature, the fish metabolic rate is low, the food intake is small, the growth speed is slow, and the feed cost can be reduced while the whole-course weight gain rate is not obviously influenced by reducing the feed grade. The method reasonably selects the grade of the feed according to different utilization rates of the feed with different grades in different seasons (temperatures) in the whole growth period of the crucian, realizes scientific combination and efficient utilization of feed materials, controls the breeding cost, improves the benefits of farmers, and is suitable for wide popularization and application.
In order to achieve the purpose, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a crucian culturing method based on temperature variation comprises dividing 12 months of the whole year into 5 culturing stages, wherein 3-4 months are low temperature stage, 5-6 months are moderate temperature stage, 7-8 months are high temperature stage, 9-10 months are moderate temperature stage, and 11-2 months are low temperature stage; according to the crude protein content, the expanded feeds with different fish meal contents are divided into high-grade expanded feeds with the crude protein content of 34-36%, medium-grade expanded feeds with the crude protein content of 31-33% and low-grade expanded feeds with the crude protein content of 28-30%; feeding middle-grade or low-grade expanded feed at the low-temperature stage of the whole year, feeding high-grade expanded feed at the moderate-temperature stage of the whole year, and feeding middle-grade or low-grade expanded feed at the high-temperature stage of the whole year.
The high-grade expanded feed contains 8 to 10 percent of crude fat, 2.2 to 2.3 percent of lysine and 0.7 to 0.8 percent of methionine; the content of crude fat in the medium-grade expanded feed is 6 to 8 percent, the content of lysine is 2.0 to 2.2 percent, and the content of methionine is 0.6 to 0.7 percent; the low-grade expanded feed contains 4-6% of crude fat, 1.8-2.0% of lysine and 0.5-0.6% of methionine.
The medium-grade expanded feed does not contain feed which simultaneously meets the following conditions: the crude fat content is 8%, the lysine content is 2.2%, and the methionine content is 0.7%; the low-grade expanded feed does not contain feed which simultaneously meets the following conditions: the crude fat content was 6%, the lysine content was 2.0%, and the methionine content was 0.6%.
The percentage content in the present application means a mass content unless otherwise stated.
Due to the difference of the seasonality of the regions, the crucian culture months in different regions also have the difference, and the general main culture month is 3-10 months; the south is warmer, the crucian is mostly cultured in 3-11 months, the Sichuan is cultured in 4-10 months, the north is longer in winter, and the crucian culturing time is shorter; in the crucian culturing period, the crucian culturing cost can be reduced and the weight gain rate of crucian can be kept at a higher level by matching feed adapting to the grade according to seasons.
The following feed formulations are able to meet the nutritional requirements for crude protein content, crude fat content, lysine content, methionine content as described above, but the feed meeting the requirements is not limited to the following formulations:
the high-grade expanded feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-18 parts of fish meal, 2-8 parts of pork powder, 18-32 parts of soybean meal, 13-27 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-2 parts of DDGS, 4-8 parts of rice bran, 18-25 parts of flour, 4-6 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.1-0.15 part of methionine, 0.01-0.03 part of bile hydrochloric acid, 0.03-0.08 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0-0.01 part of vitamin E, 0.1 part of mildew preventive, 0.03 part of composite antioxidant, 0.2-0.3 part of salt, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 2 parts of trace element premix.
The medium-grade expanded feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-13 parts of fish meal, 2-8 parts of pork powder, 2-3 parts of corn protein powder, 18-32 parts of soybean meal, 13-27 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-5 parts of DDGS, 4-8 parts of rice bran, 18-25 parts of flour, 4-6 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.05-0.10 part of methionine, 0.01-0.03 part of bile hydrochloric acid, 0.03-0.08 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0-0.01 part of vitamin E, 0.1 part of mildew preventive, 0.03 part of composite antioxidant, 0.2-0.3 part of salt, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 2 parts of trace element premix.
The low-grade expanded feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of fish meal, 0-8 parts of pork powder, 3-6 parts of corn protein powder, 18-32 parts of soybean meal, 13-27 parts of rapeseed meal, 5-10 parts of DDGS, 4-8 parts of rice bran, 18-25 parts of flour, 2-4 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.3 part of 98.5% lysine, 0-0.05 part of methionine, 0.01-0.03 part of bile hydrochloric acid, 0-0.01 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0-0.01 part of vitamin E, 0.1 part of mildew preventive, 0.03 part of composite antioxidant, 0.2-0.3 part of salt, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 2 parts of trace element premix.
The mass content of lysine in 98.5% lysine is 98.5%.
The high-grade expanded feed, the medium-grade expanded feed and the low-grade expanded feed are all floating expanded feeds.
The particle size of the buoyancy expanded feed is 2.0mm-5.0 mm.
The method also requires 20g-100 g/tail crucian carp to be stocked in the fish pond, 3000 and 5000 tails/mu, the feeding is carried out for 4-6 times every day, each time is 20-30min, each time is 2-3h, and the feeding amount is 1% -3% of the weight of the crucian carp.
The present invention will be described in detail below.
The culture method adopts high, medium and low 3-grade puffed feeds with different fish meal contents and crude protein contents of 34-36%, 31-33% and 28-30% respectively, and feeds the crucian in different seasons respectively, and calculates the average specification, weight gain rate and feed coefficient of the cultured crucian. The invention divides the whole year into low temperature (3-4 months), moderate temperature (5-6 months), high temperature (7-8 months), moderate temperature (9-10 months) and low temperature (after 10 months) culture stages. The analysis result shows that the feed utilization rate can be improved and the cost can be reduced by feeding different grades of feeds in different seasons, and the weight gain rate of the crucian is kept at a higher level.
The invention solves the problems that under the condition that pond culture crucian is dominant in the prior art, the annual material grade is not accurately positioned, so that the nutrient level of the feed is lower than or higher than the physiological requirement of a fish body, and the growth of the fish body and the effective utilization of the feed are finally influenced. The temperature of each digestive enzyme is proper, so that the water temperature in a proper range can promote the metabolism and growth of the fish body, but the catabolic metabolism is enhanced and the growth rate is reduced when the water temperature exceeds the proper range. Under the condition of high temperature, the activities of various metabolic enzymes of the crucian are influenced to a certain extent, the digestion capability is weakened, the ingestion of high-grade feed is higher than the physiological requirement, the purpose of improving the growth efficiency cannot be achieved, the digestion burden is increased, the disease is easy to occur, and the feed cost is increased; meanwhile, the feed which is not fully digested is discharged into the aquaculture water body, so that the water body burden is increased, and the water quality regulation difficulty and the cost input are increased. Under the condition of proper temperature, the digestive metabolic capability and the like of the crucian are in the best level, and the easily digestible high-quality animal protein is more beneficial to the digestive absorption of the crucian and exerts the growth potential of the crucian to the maximum. Under the condition of low temperature, the activity of metabolic enzymes in the crucian is the lowest, the movement is weaker, the food intake is less, so that the weight is increased the least in the whole year, the feeding of high-grade materials cannot influence the whole-year growth efficiency, and therefore, the material grade is properly reduced, and farmers can obtain the maximum economic benefit.
The high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade feeds are all floating expanded feeds. According to different weight stages and weather conditions of the crucian, the feeding rate is 1% -3% of the weight of the crucian. Selecting proper particle size according to the natural caliber of the crucian, and recommending the particle size to be 2.0-5.0 mm.
The method has the advantages that the floating expanded feed is suspended on the water surface, so that on one hand, a feeder can directly observe the feeding condition of the fish, timely adjust the feeding amount and avoid water pollution caused by excessive feed; on the other hand, the expanded feed can be used for curing starch and cracking peptide bonds of protein through high-temperature and high-pressure treatment, and the digestion, absorption and utilization rate is higher.
3000-5000-year crucian carps/mu are bred at 20-100 g/day, the feeding is carried out for 4-6 times every day, each time is 20-30min, each time is 2-3h, the feeding amount is 1-3% of the weight of the crucian carps, and the crucian carps are not fed in rainy days. Other conventional operations such as pond, water quality, breeding process and other management are conventional and are not described herein again.
The vitamin premix in the feed is conventional vitamin premix (such as vitamin premix for omnivorous fish in Sichuan premix plant of Tongwei GmbH); the microelement premix is conventional microelement premix (such as microelement premix for omnivorous fish in Sichuan premix feed factory of Tongwei GmbH).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: according to the annual climate temperature change rule, the invention provides a method for combining the materials of the crucian in the whole process from fry to adult fish culture, the grade of the feed is reasonably selected, and the scientific combination and the efficient utilization of the feed materials are realized.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
When the crucian is fed in the following examples, the crucian is fed 4-6 times a day, 20-30min each time, 2-3h every time, the feeding amount is 1-3% of the weight of the crucian, and the crucian is not fed in rainy days. Other conventional operations such as pond, water quality, breeding process and other management are conventional and are not described herein again.
Example 1
High-grade buoyancy puffed feed raw materials: 16 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of pork powder, 23 parts of soybean meal, 22 parts of rapeseed meal, 1 parts of DDGS, 6.5 parts of rice bran, 19.52 parts of flour, 5 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.02 part of bile hydrochloric acid, 0.05 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.01 part of vitamin E, 0.1 part of mildew preventive, 0.03 part of compound antioxidant, 0.27 part of salt, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 2 parts of trace element premix.
The high-grade feed meets the nutritional ingredients: the crude protein content was 35.53%, the crude fat content was 8.6%, the lysine content was 2.26%, and the methionine content was 0.76%.
The middle-grade buoyancy expanded feed comprises the following raw materials: 11 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of pork powder, 3 parts of corn protein powder, 23 parts of soybean meal, 22 parts of rapeseed meal, 3 parts of DDGS, 6.5 parts of rice bran, 21.17 parts of flour, 5.4 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.05 part of methionine, 0.02 part of bile hydrochloric acid, 0.05 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.01 part of vitamin E, 0.1 part of mildew preventive, 0.03 part of compound antioxidant, 0.27 part of salt, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 2 parts of trace element premix.
The medium-grade feed meets the following nutritional ingredients: the crude protein content was 32.98%, the crude fat content was 7.7%, the lysine content was 2.05%, and the methionine content was 0.66%.
Raw materials of the low-grade buoyancy expanded feed: 5 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of corn protein powder, 23 parts of soybean meal, 23 parts of rapeseed meal, 8 parts of DDGS, 6.5 parts of rice bran, 22.08 parts of flour, 3.5 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.02 part of bile hydrochloric acid, 0.1 part of mildew preventive, 0.03 part of composite antioxidant, 0.27 part of salt, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 2 parts of trace element premix.
The low-grade feed meets the following nutritional ingredients: the crude protein content was 29.84%, the crude fat content was 5.5%, the lysine content was 1.85%, and the methionine content was 0.54%.
Preparing feed raw materials into a floating feed: uniformly mixing calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 98.5% lysine, methionine, bile hydrochloric acid, vitamin C phosphate, vitamin E, a mildew preventive, a composite antioxidant, salt, a vitamin premix and a trace element premix according to a formula by a mixer to prepare a small material additive; mixing fish meal, pork powder, corn protein powder, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, DDGS, rice bran and flour as raw materials according to a formula, and then carrying out coarse crushing, wherein the aperture of a sieve plate of a crusher is 1.5-2.0 mm; performing secondary crushing and superfine crushing on the coarsely crushed raw materials, wherein the aperture of a sieve plate of a secondary crushing crusher is 0.8-1.0 mm, the superfine crushing fineness is at least 98 percent of 60 meshes, and 85 percent of 80 meshes; adding small-material additives and partial soybean oil, carrying out secondary mixing to obtain a secondary mixed raw material, conveying the secondary mixed raw material into a conditioner for steam conditioning, conveying the obtained conditioned material into an extrusion puffing machine, forming by the extrusion puffing machine to obtain wet and soft granules, and then drying by a dryer to obtain dried granules (the particle size is about 3.0 mm); and uniformly spraying the rest soybean oil on the surface of the dried granules to obtain the finished puffed compound feed used by the invention.
The crude protein content refers to the total amount of nitrogen-containing compounds in the feed, and is obtained by multiplying the nitrogen content by a coefficient of 6.25.
Crude fat content refers to the total amount of ether extract obtained by extracting a feed sample with ether.
Feeding:
at the beginning of 7 months, in 2m x 2m pond net cages, each net cage is used for stocking 300 tails of crucian larvae with the specification of 23 g/tail, high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade expanded materials with the crude protein content of 35.53%, 32.98% and 29.84% are respectively fed, in 8-month bottom turning ponds, the feed coefficients are respectively 1.15, 1.15 and 1.20, the average weight of the crucian in each net cage is 62.8 g/tail, 62.5 g/tail and 60.5 g/tail, and the weight gain rate is respectively 173%, 172% and 163%.
In the beginning of 9 months, 60 g/tail crucian juvenile fish 250 tails in the specification of stocking in each net cage are respectively fed with high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade expanded materials with crude protein content of 35.53%, 32.98% and 29.84%, the pond is turned over at the bottom of 10 months, the feed coefficients are respectively 1.52, 1.62 and 1.74, the average weight of crucian in each net cage is 103.5 g/tail, 98.0 g/tail and 95.0 g/tail, and the weight gain rate is respectively 72.5%, 63.3% and 58.3%.
In the beginning of 11 months, in 2m x 2m pond net cages, each net cage is used for stocking 220 tails of crucian larvae with the specification of 100 g/tail, high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade expanded materials with the crude protein content of 35.53%, 32.98% and 29.84% are respectively fed, in 11-month bottom turning ponds, the feed coefficients are respectively 1.67, 1.88 and 2.08, the average weight of the crucian in each net cage is 106.5 g/tail, 105 g/tail and 103.8 g/tail, and the weight gain rate is respectively 6.5%, 5.0% and 3.8%.
The feeding time and feeding amount of the net cages are the same.
Example 2
The same feed was used in this example as in example 1.
At the beginning of 7 months, in 2m x 2m pond net cages, each net cage is used for stocking 300 tails of crucian larvae with the specification of 20 g/tail, high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade expanded materials with the crude protein content of 35.53%, 32.98% and 29.84% are respectively fed, in 11-month bottom turning ponds, the feed coefficients are respectively 1.40, 1.46 and 1.56, the average weight of the crucian in each net cage is 115.3 g/tail, 107.9 g/tail and 100.3 g/tail, and the weight gain rates are respectively 476.5%, 439.5% and 401.5%.
The feeding time and feeding amount of the net cages are the same.
Example 3
The same feed was used in this example as in example 1.
At the beginning of 7 months, 300 tails of crucian carp larvae with the specification of 20 g/tail are stocked in a 2m x 2m pond net cage, a medium-grade expanded feed with the crude protein content of 32.98% is fed in 7-8 months, a high-grade expanded feed with the protein content of 35.53% is fed in 9-10 months, a low-grade expanded feed with the protein content of 29.84% is fed in 11 months, the pond is turned over at the bottom of 11 months, the feed coefficient is 1.42, the average weight of the crucian carp in the net cage is 113.1 g/tail, and the weight gain rate is 465.5%.
The feeding time and feeding amount of the net cages are the same.
Example 4
High-grade buoyancy puffed feed raw materials: 10 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of pork powder, 26 parts of soybean meal, 24 parts of rapeseed meal, 1.5 parts of DDGS, 6.5 parts of rice bran, 19.54 parts of flour, 5 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.18 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.02 part of bile hydrochloric acid, 0.05 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.01 part of vitamin E, 0.1 part of mildew preventive, 0.03 part of compound antioxidant, 0.27 part of salt, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 2 parts of trace element premix.
The high-grade feed meets the nutritional ingredients: the crude protein content was 34.23%, the crude fat content was 8.0%, the lysine content was 2.23%, and the methionine content was 0.74%.
The middle-grade buoyancy expanded feed comprises the following raw materials: 8 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of pork powder, 3 parts of corn protein powder, 24 parts of soybean meal, 24 parts of rapeseed meal, 4 parts of DDGS, 6.5 parts of rice bran, 22.17 parts of flour, 4.4 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.05 part of methionine, 0.02 part of bile hydrochloric acid, 0.05 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.01 part of vitamin E, 0.1 part of mildew preventive, 0.03 part of compound antioxidant, 0.27 part of salt, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 2 parts of trace element premix.
The medium-grade feed meets the following nutritional ingredients: the crude protein content was 31.15%, the crude fat content was 6.3%, the lysine content was 2.09%, and the methionine content was 0.63%.
Raw materials of the low-grade buoyancy expanded feed: 4 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of corn protein powder, 22 parts of soybean meal, 24 parts of rapeseed meal, 8 parts of DDGS, 6.5 parts of rice bran, 22.08 parts of flour, 3.5 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.02 part of bile hydrochloric acid, 0.1 part of mildew preventive, 0.03 part of composite antioxidant, 0.27 part of salt, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 2 parts of trace element premix.
The low-grade feed meets the following nutritional ingredients: the crude protein content was 28.14%, the crude fat content was 5.1%, the lysine content was 1.89%, and the methionine content was 0.52%.
In the beginning of 4 months, 200 tails of crucian carp larvae with the specification of 60 g/tail are stocked in a 5m 1.5m cement pond, high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade expanded materials with the crude protein content of 34.23%, 31.15% and 28.14% are respectively fed, and in a 5-month bottom turning pond, the feed coefficients are respectively 1.36, 1.40 and 1.47, and the weight gain rates are respectively 82%, 79% and 75%.
The feeding time and the feeding amount of each cement pond are the same.
Example 5
This example is the same as the feed of example 4.
At the bottom of 5 months, 200 tails of crucian carps with the specification of 100 g/tail are put in a 5m by 1.5m cement pond, high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade expanded materials with the crude protein content of 34.23%, 31.15% and 28.14% are respectively fed, the pond is turned over at the beginning of 7 months, the feed coefficients are respectively 1.55, 1.60 and 1.76, and the weight gain rates are respectively 38%, 37% and 34%.
The feeding time and the feeding amount of each cement pond are the same.
Example 6
This example is the same as the feed of example 4.
3, feeding 50 g/tail crucian juvenile 5500 tails in a pond of 1.41 mu at the end of 3 months, respectively feeding high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade puffed materials with crude protein contents of 34.23%, 31.15% and 28.14%, turning over the pond at the beginning of 6 months, wherein the feed coefficients are 1.22, 1.36 and 1.50 respectively, and the weight gain rates are 147%, 131% and 116% respectively.
The feeding time and the feeding amount of all the ponds are the same.
Example 7
This example is the same as the feed of example 4.
In the middle ten days of 6 months, in a pond of 1.41 mu, breeding 5500 tails of young crucian carps with the specification of 100 g/tail, respectively feeding high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade puffed materials with the crude protein content of 34.23%, 31.15% and 28.14%, turning over the pond at the bottom of 7 months, wherein the feed coefficients are 1.84, 1.90 and 1.90 respectively, and the weight gain rates are 40%, 35% and 38% respectively.
The feeding time and the feeding amount of all the ponds are the same.
Example 8
In a pond of 1.41 mu, 5000 tails of crucian carps with the specification of 50 g/tail are released for 3 months, a medium-grade expanded feed with 31.15 percent of crude protein content is fed in 3-4 months, a high-grade expanded feed with 34.23 percent of crude protein content is fed in 5-6 months, a medium-grade expanded feed with 31.15 percent of crude protein content is fed in 7-8 months, a high-grade expanded feed with 34.23 percent of crude protein content is fed in 9-10 months, a low-grade expanded feed with 28.14 percent of crude protein content is fed after 10 months, the bottom culture of 11 months is finished, 4-6 times are fed every day, 20-30min is carried out every time, 2-3h is carried out every time, the feeding amount is 1-3 percent of the weight of the crucian carps, 3 percent can be fed in sunny days, no feed is fed in rainy days, 1-2 percent of other days, the bait can be adjusted between 1-3 percent according to the edible situation, the released for 3 months and the culture is finished, the feed coefficient is 1.58, the average weight of the crucian is 373.1 g/tail, and the weight gain rate is 646.2%.
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. A crucian culturing method based on temperature change combined materials is characterized in that 12 months in the whole year are divided into 5 culturing stages, wherein 3-4 months are low temperature stages, 5-6 months are moderate temperature stages, 7-8 months are high temperature stages, 9-10 months are moderate temperature stages, and 11-2 months are low temperature stages; according to the crude protein content, the expanded feeds with different fish meal contents are divided into high-grade expanded feeds with the crude protein content of 34-36%, medium-grade expanded feeds with the crude protein content of 31-33% and low-grade expanded feeds with the crude protein content of 28-30%; feeding middle-grade or low-grade expanded feed at the low-temperature stage of the whole year, feeding high-grade expanded feed at the moderate-temperature stage of the whole year, and feeding middle-grade or low-grade expanded feed at the high-temperature stage of the whole year.
2. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-end expanded feed contains 8% -10% of crude fat, 2.2% -2.3% of lysine and 0.7% -0.8% of methionine; the content of crude fat in the medium-grade expanded feed is 6 to 8 percent, the content of lysine is 2.0 to 2.2 percent, and the content of methionine is 0.6 to 0.7 percent; the low-grade expanded feed contains 4-6% of crude fat, 1.8-2.0% of lysine and 0.5-0.6% of methionine.
3. The cultivation method of claim 2, wherein the high-grade expanded feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-18 parts of fish meal, 2-8 parts of pork powder, 18-32 parts of soybean meal, 13-27 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-2 parts of DDGS, 4-8 parts of rice bran, 18-25 parts of flour, 4-6 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.1-0.15 part of methionine, 0.01-0.03 part of bile hydrochloric acid, 0.03-0.08 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0-0.01 part of vitamin E, 0.1 part of mildew preventive, 0.03 part of composite antioxidant, 0.2-0.3 part of salt, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 2 parts of trace element premix.
4. The cultivation method of claim 2, wherein the medium-grade expanded feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-13 parts of fish meal, 2-8 parts of pork powder, 2-3 parts of corn protein powder, 18-32 parts of soybean meal, 13-27 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-5 parts of DDGS, 4-8 parts of rice bran, 18-25 parts of flour, 4-6 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.05-0.1 part of methionine, 0.01-0.03 part of bile hydrochloric acid, 0.03-0.08 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.01-0.01 part of vitamin E0, 0.1 part of mildew preventive, 0.03 part of composite antioxidant, 0.2-0.3 part of salt, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 2 parts of trace element premix.
5. The cultivation method of claim 2, wherein the low-grade expanded feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of fish meal, 0-8 parts of pork powder, 3-6 parts of corn protein powder, 18-32 parts of soybean meal, 13-27 parts of rapeseed meal, 5-10 parts of DDGS, 4-8 parts of rice bran, 18-25 parts of flour, 2-4 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.3 part of 98.5% lysine, 0-0.05 part of methionine, 0.01-0.03 part of bile hydrochloric acid, 0-0.01 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0-0.01 part of vitamin E, 0.1 part of mildew preventive, 0.03 part of composite antioxidant, 0.2-0.3 part of salt, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 2 parts of trace element premix.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the high-grade expanded feed, the medium-grade expanded feed and the low-grade expanded feed are all floating expanded feeds.
7. The culture method of claim 6, wherein the buoyant expanded feed has a particle size of 2.0mm to 5.0 mm.
8. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further requires 20g-100 g/tail crucian carp in the fish pond, 3000-5000 tails/mu, feeding 4-6 times per day, 20-30min each time, 2-3h each time, the feeding amount is 1% -3% of the weight of the crucian carp.
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20220907 Address after: 528222 Xiaotang Xinjing Industrial Development Zone, Shishan Town, Nanhai District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: GUANGDONG TONGWEI FEED Co.,Ltd. Address before: 610000 No. 11, section 4, south 2nd Ring Road, hi tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan Patentee before: TONGWEI Co.,Ltd. |