CN110779665A - Prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on piezoelectric impedance - Google Patents

Prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on piezoelectric impedance Download PDF

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CN110779665A
CN110779665A CN201911101992.6A CN201911101992A CN110779665A CN 110779665 A CN110779665 A CN 110779665A CN 201911101992 A CN201911101992 A CN 201911101992A CN 110779665 A CN110779665 A CN 110779665A
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piezoelectric
water seepage
pipe gallery
rmsd
admittance
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CN110779665B (en
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褚辉
张明书
宋上明
程睿
陈海勇
张红雨
王丹生
范凌峰
袁拥桃
郭宇栋
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
China Railway Development Investment Group Co Ltd
Wuhan Engineering Co Ltd of China Railway Seventh Group Co Ltd
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
China Railway Development Investment Group Co Ltd
Wuhan Engineering Co Ltd of China Railway Seventh Group Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/16Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
    • G01M3/18Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/183Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for pipe joints or seals
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/045Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/16Arrangement or construction of joints in foundation structures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/16Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
    • G01M3/18Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/182Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for tubes

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Abstract

The invention discloses a prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on piezoelectric impedance, which comprises the following steps: first stage, pretest: the method comprises the steps of arranging a piezoelectric sensor array, establishing a piezoelectric admittance testing system, taking a piezoelectric admittance signal as a detection index, and establishing a relational expression of the piezoelectric admittance signal and water quantity under each level of water quantity; and a second stage, formal testing: and applying a relational expression constructed in a pre-testing stage, and monitoring the water seepage of the joints of the prefabricated pipe gallery structure in real time according to the piezoelectric admittance signals. The invention adopts the piezoelectric impedance method to detect the water seepage, uses the RMSD index to quantitatively describe the water seepage quantity, has simple structure, convenient use and high detection real-time performance, and is convenient for the timely overhaul of the water seepage of the joints of the prefabricated pipe gallery structure.

Description

Prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on piezoelectric impedance
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, relates to structural water seepage detection, and particularly relates to a prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on piezoelectric impedance.
Background
With the continuous acceleration of the urbanization process, various road facilities are built more and more, and the maintenance and inspection of water supply, drainage, electric power and gas pipelines are very common, so that the repeated excavation and backfill construction of urban pavements are caused, great inconvenience is caused, and huge waste is brought; in order to thoroughly solve this problem to the mode of intensification provides reliable underground space for municipal pipeline construction, underground pipe gallery structure arises as an emergency.
For utility corridors, waterproofing is very important. For the integral cast-in-place pipe gallery, the waterproof basic defense line is that the concrete structure is self-waterproof, and the key of the leakage resistance is that the structure is self-waterproof. Therefore, in the actual construction process of the comprehensive pipe gallery, constructors need to know and master factors influencing the self-waterproof effect of the concrete, so that effective preventive measures are taken, the impermeability of the concrete is improved, and the aim of preventing water is fulfilled. However, for prefabricated sectional type pipe gallery structures, a plurality of seams are added relative to cast-in-place pipe gallery structures. Although some waterproof measures can be taken, such as the arrangement of waterproof rubber strips and the like, so that certain waterproof protection can be performed, the seams always have the potential safety hazard of water seepage under the condition of being used for a long time. Because the prefabricated comprehensive pipe gallery is in the underground environment and is eroded by underground water, the waterproof problem of the joint becomes a key problem to be solved urgently in popularization and application of the prefabricated comprehensive pipe gallery.
It is important to take more effective waterproof measures, but it is also important to detect and early warn in time when water seepage occurs. There are many kinds of water leakage detection devices, and a photoelectric water leakage sensor and a water immersion sensor are commonly used. The water sensor is based on the principle of liquid conduction, and uses electrode to detect whether there is water, and then uses the sensor to convert it into dry contact point output. The water sensor includes a contact water sensor and a non-contact water sensor. The contact type water immersion detector detects by using a liquid conduction principle, and the two-pole probe is insulated by air when normal; the probe is conducted in a water immersion state, and the sensor outputs a dry contact signal. When the probe is immersed in water to a height of about 1 mm, an alarm signal is generated. The non-contact water immersion detector detects by using the refraction and reflection principles of light on different medium sections. However, these water sensors are bulky and are not easily installed inside or outside the joints of the prefabricated pipe gallery structure. In fact, no convenient and reliable water leakage sensor is used for detecting water seepage and water leakage at the joint of the prefabricated pipe gallery structure.
Piezoelectric ceramics, as an intelligent material, has been developed rapidly in recent years. The piezoelectric sensor made of piezoelectric ceramics is a sensor based on piezoelectric effect, and has the advantages of wide frequency band, high sensitivity, high signal-to-noise ratio, simple structure, light weight and the like. The application of the piezoelectric sensor in the field of civil engineering detection mainly comprises a piezoelectric guided wave technology and a piezoelectric impedance technology. The piezoelectric guided wave technology is generally used for detecting the health state of a structure by generating and receiving guided wave signals through piezoelectric ceramic plates which are adhered to the surface of the structure or embedded in the structure. The piezoelectric impedance technology has high sensitivity to initial defects and early micro-damage of a structure, and the method generally sticks the piezoelectric ceramic plates on the surface or inside the structure, then respectively welds the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic plates with leads, applies voltage excitation, and reflects the change of physical parameters of the structure by admittance signals acquired by an instrument, so that the piezoelectric impedance method is widely applied to structural damage detection.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems and the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a piezoelectric impedance-based prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method, which is used for detecting water seepage by adopting a piezoelectric impedance method and quantitatively describing the water seepage quantity by using an RMSD index; because structural rigidity can not be reduced in a short period after water seepage occurs, the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric admittance signals can not shift, and according to the characteristic, the change of RMSD indexes caused by the change of the structural rigidity can be eliminated.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on piezoelectric impedance comprises the following steps:
first stage, pretest: the method comprises the steps of arranging a piezoelectric sensor array, establishing a piezoelectric admittance testing system, taking a piezoelectric admittance signal as a detection index, and establishing a relational expression of the piezoelectric admittance signal and water quantity under each level of water quantity;
and a second stage, formal testing: and applying a relational expression constructed in a pre-testing stage, and monitoring the water seepage of the joints of the prefabricated pipe gallery structure in real time according to the piezoelectric admittance signals.
Further, the first stage comprises the steps of:
step 1.1: the water seepage position is roughly positioned by adopting a piezoelectric sensor array mode;
step 1.2: measuring a piezoelectric admittance signal by adopting a piezoelectric admittance testing system;
step 1.3: taking the value of the piezoelectric admittance signal RMSD as an index for detecting the water seepage amount, and setting an early warning threshold value;
step 1.4: and (4) carrying out a graded water seepage pretest on the joints of the prefabricated pipe gallery, and constructing a relational expression between the RMSD index of the piezoelectric admittance signals and the water quantity under all levels of water quantities.
Preferably, the specific process of step 1.1 is as follows:
two rows of PZT array piezoelectric sensors are arranged on two sides of the joint of the prefabricated pipe gallery, and the pasting positions of the PZT array piezoelectric sensors meet the following requirements:
(1) the piezoelectric sensors are adhered to two sides of all joints of the prefabricated pipe gallery; the distance between the piezoelectric patches and the joint is 5-15 cm, and the distances between the piezoelectric patches on the two sides and the joint are consistent;
(2) the number of the piezoelectric sensors is determined according to actual conditions, and the distance between every two adjacent piezoelectric sensors is 50-80 cm.
Preferably, the specific procedure of step 1.2 is as follows:
the piezoelectric admittance testing system comprises an arbitrary waveform generator, a piezoelectric ceramic piece, a reference resistor and a digital oscilloscope, wherein the output end of the arbitrary waveform generator is connected with the input end of the piezoelectric ceramic piece and is used for exciting a signal wave;
the piezoelectric ceramic piece is arranged on the surface of a structure serving as an object to be measured or in the structure, the output end of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is continuously connected with the input end of the reference resistor, and the output end of the reference resistor is connected with the input end of the arbitrary waveform generator to form a complete current loop;
the digital oscilloscope is respectively connected with two ends of the arbitrary waveform generator and two ends of the reference resistor, and directly measures and outputs the excitation voltage of the arbitrary waveform generator and adjusts the receiving voltage of the two ends of the resistor.
Preferably, in step 1.3, when determining the threshold, a plurality of measurements are made and an appropriate RSMD value is taken as the threshold for reducing noise interference and preventing false alarms.
Preferably, the RMSD value between the sum of the admittance signals and the mean for each measurement is calculated, denoted as RMSD iCalculating the RMSD value under N times of measurement and calculating the mean value thereof And variance σ (RMSD) i) (ii) a Taking 95% confidence coefficient, and finally determining RMSD early warning Threshold value Threshold; the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002270137840000032
Figure BDA0002270137840000033
wherein N represents the number of sampling points of the piezoelectric admittance signal, N represents the acquisition times, and Y represents iThe admittance signal for each measurement is indicated, representing the mean of the admittance signal.
Preferably, in step 1.4, adding water in stages, collecting admittance signals, calculating RMSD indexes under water quantities of all stages, constructing a relational expression of the RMSD indexes and the water quantities, and acquiring a slope K; when the relational expression of the RMSD index and the water quantity is determined, a plurality of tests are carried out to determine the relational curve.
Preferably, the specific process of the second stage is as follows:
and detecting each group of PZT sensors, and if the RMSD index corresponding to the ith group of PZT sensors is larger than the threshold value of the sensor, early warning and estimating the water seepage amount.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) a piezoelectric sensor is used for water volume detection. Different from common water stain sensors, the piezoelectric sensor has the advantages of small volume, high sensitivity, convenience in arrangement and the like.
(2) RMSD is used as a perceived water quantity index, and a pre-test is adopted to construct a relational expression of the RMSD and the perceived water quantity index. Through the constructed relational expression, the water seepage amount can be quantitatively analyzed in detection.
(3) The position of the sensor is arranged in a PZT array mode, the water seepage position can be roughly positioned due to the local characteristics of the PZT sensing range, and meanwhile, the reliability of the detection result can be enhanced due to the fact that two PZT sensors are arranged at each seam.
(4) Simple structure, convenient to use detects the real-time height, the in time maintenance of the prefabricated piping lane structure seam infiltration of being convenient for.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on piezoelectric impedance according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the attaching position of the piezoelectric sensor array in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a piezoelectric admittance testing apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are provided for illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Examples
A prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on piezoelectric impedance is disclosed, the flow of which is shown in figure 1, and the specific process is as follows:
firstly, determining the pasting positions and the quantity of the piezoelectric sensors, and grouping according to the positions;
in order to ensure the reliability of water seepage identification at the joint, two rows of PZT sensors are arranged at two sides of the joint, and due to symmetry, the sensors at two sides of the joint identify the same area, and the two sensors are comprehensively analyzed to increase the reliability of results. Meanwhile, as any one or more positions of the joints of the pipe gallery are likely to be subjected to water seepage, the array type is set and grouped, and if any position of the joints of the pipe gallery is subjected to water seepage, the corresponding PZT sensor at the position can sense and identify. Thus, the water seepage at the seam can be detected and identified quantitatively and in a positioning manner.
The PZT sensor is attached at a position as shown in FIG. 2, which satisfies the following requirements:
(1) the piezoelectric sensors are adhered to two sides of all joints of the prefabricated pipe gallery; the distance between the piezoelectric pieces and the joint can be generally 5-15 cm, and the distances between the piezoelectric pieces on the two sides and the joint are consistent;
(2) the number of the piezoelectric sensors can be determined according to actual conditions, and the distance between adjacent piezoelectric sensors can be 50 cm-80 cm generally.
Secondly, measuring a piezoelectric admittance signal by adopting a novel piezoelectric admittance testing system;
the novel piezoelectric admittance testing system comprises an arbitrary waveform generator, a piezoelectric ceramic piece, a reference resistor, a digital oscilloscope and a main structure, wherein the output end of the arbitrary waveform generator is connected with the input end of the piezoelectric ceramic piece and is used for exciting a signal wave, as shown in figure 3;
the piezoelectric ceramic piece is arranged on the surface of the structure serving as the object to be measured or in the structure, the output end of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is continuously connected with the input end of the reference resistor, and the output end of the reference resistor is connected with the input end of the arbitrary waveform generator to form a complete current loop;
the digital oscilloscope is respectively connected with two ends of the arbitrary waveform generator and two ends of the reference resistor, and directly measures and outputs the excitation voltage of the arbitrary waveform generator and adjusts the receiving voltage of the two ends of the resistor.
Compared with the traditional method based on an impedance analyzer, the novel admittance testing system has higher flexibility, is cheaper, and can test a plurality of sensors by one-time measurement.
Thirdly, performing initial test, and determining a test frequency band;
when the preliminary test is carried out, the frequency band where the obvious resonance peak value is located is determined according to the actually measured admittance signal. Generally, two frequency ranges of 0 to 200kHz and 200 to 500kHz can be used.
Acquiring admittance signals of each piezoelectric sensor for multiple times, and calculating the early warning threshold value of each piezoelectric sensor according to the following method;
because admittance signals are sensitive to noise interference, an RMSD early warning threshold value is needed to be set so as to reduce the occurrence of misjudgment of water seepage situations. In a pretest, the admittance signal should be measured several times, and the RMSD value between the admittance signal measured each time and the mean value is calculated and recorded as RMSD i. Calculating N (N is generally not less than50) RMSD values under the secondary measurement and calculating the mean value thereof
Figure BDA0002270137840000061
And variance σ (RMSD) i). And finally, determining the RMSD early warning Threshold by taking 95% confidence.
Figure BDA0002270137840000062
Figure BDA0002270137840000063
Wherein N represents the number of sampling points of the piezoelectric admittance signal, N represents the acquisition times, and Y represents iThe admittance signal for each measurement is indicated,
Figure BDA0002270137840000064
representing the mean of the admittance signal.
Fifthly, carrying out graded water seepage test on the seam of the gallery, and acquiring piezoelectric admittance signals of each piezoelectric sheet under various levels of water;
sixthly, determining a relational expression between the RMSD index of each piezoelectric signal and the water quantity under each level of water quantity;
when determining the relation between the indicator RMSD and the water quantity, a plurality of tests are required to determine the relation curve, generally a linear relation, so that the slope K of the RMSD curve and the water quantity curve can be determined.
Since admittance signals of different structures have different characteristics, it is necessary to adopt this pretest method in the field. During pretesting, water is added in stages, admittance signals are collected, RMSD indexes under water quantities of all stages are calculated, a relational expression of the indexes and the water quantities is constructed, and a slope K is obtained. According to the relational expression, quantitative analysis of the water seepage amount can be carried out by using the relational expression in formal detection; the calculation formula is as follows:
seventhly, monitoring the water seepage of the joints of the prefabricated pipe gallery structure in real time by applying the method;
and detecting each group of PZT sensors, and if the RMSD index corresponding to the ith group of PZT sensors is larger than the threshold value of the sensor, early warning and estimating the water seepage amount. In order to increase reliability, all PZT indexes of a certain group need to be comprehensively judged. If two PZT indexes exceed the threshold value, it is judged that water seepage is likely to occur; if only one PZT index exceeds the threshold value, the water seepage is judged to be possibly generated; if the two PZT indices exceed the threshold, it is determined that water seepage is likely not to occur.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be covered thereby.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a prefabricated piping lane seam infiltration detection method based on piezoelectric impedance which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
first stage, pretest: the method comprises the steps of arranging a piezoelectric sensor array, establishing a piezoelectric admittance testing system, taking a piezoelectric admittance signal as a detection index, and establishing a relational expression of the piezoelectric admittance signal and water quantity under each level of water quantity;
and a second stage, formal testing: and applying a relational expression constructed in a pre-testing stage, and monitoring the water seepage of the joints of the prefabricated pipe gallery structure in real time according to the piezoelectric admittance signals.
2. The prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on the piezoelectric impedance is characterized in that: the first stage comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: the water seepage position is roughly positioned by adopting a piezoelectric sensor array mode;
step 1.2: measuring a piezoelectric admittance signal by adopting a piezoelectric admittance testing system;
step 1.3: taking the value of the piezoelectric admittance signal RMSD as an index for detecting the water seepage amount, and setting an early warning threshold value;
step 1.4: and (4) carrying out a graded water seepage pretest on the joints of the prefabricated pipe gallery, and constructing a relational expression between the RMSD index of the piezoelectric admittance signals and the water quantity under all levels of water quantities.
3. The prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on the piezoelectric impedance is characterized in that: the specific process of step 1.1 is as follows:
two rows of PZT array piezoelectric sensors are arranged on two sides of the joint of the prefabricated pipe gallery, and the pasting positions of the PZT array piezoelectric sensors meet the following requirements:
(1) the piezoelectric sensors are adhered to two sides of all joints of the prefabricated pipe gallery; the distance between the piezoelectric patches and the joint is 5-15 cm, and the distances between the piezoelectric patches on the two sides and the joint are consistent;
(2) the number of the piezoelectric sensors is determined according to actual conditions, and the distance between every two adjacent piezoelectric sensors is 50-80 cm.
4. The prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on the piezoelectric impedance is characterized in that: the specific process of step 1.2 is as follows:
the piezoelectric admittance testing system comprises an arbitrary waveform generator, a piezoelectric ceramic piece, a reference resistor and a digital oscilloscope, wherein the output end of the arbitrary waveform generator is connected with the input end of the piezoelectric ceramic piece and is used for exciting a signal wave;
the piezoelectric ceramic piece is arranged on the surface of a structure serving as an object to be measured or in the structure, the output end of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is continuously connected with the input end of the reference resistor, and the output end of the reference resistor is connected with the input end of the arbitrary waveform generator to form a complete current loop;
the digital oscilloscope is respectively connected with two ends of the arbitrary waveform generator and two ends of the reference resistor, and directly measures and outputs the excitation voltage of the arbitrary waveform generator and adjusts the receiving voltage of the two ends of the resistor.
5. The prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on the piezoelectric impedance is characterized in that: in step 1.3, when the threshold is determined, multiple measurements are performed, and an appropriate RSMD value is taken as the threshold for reducing the interference of noise and preventing false alarm.
6. The prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on the piezoelectric impedance is characterized in that: calculating the RMSD value between the admittance signal sum and the mean value of each measurement, and recording the RMSD value as RMSD iCalculating the RMSD value under N times of measurement and calculating the mean value thereof
Figure FDA0002270137830000021
And variance σ (RMSD) i) (ii) a Taking 95% confidence coefficient, and finally determining RMSD early warning Threshold value Threshold; the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002270137830000022
Figure FDA0002270137830000023
wherein N represents the number of sampling points of the piezoelectric admittance signal, N represents the acquisition times, and Y represents iThe admittance signal for each measurement is indicated,
Figure FDA0002270137830000024
representing the mean of the admittance signal.
7. The prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on the piezoelectric impedance is characterized in that: step 1.4, adding water in stages, collecting admittance signals, calculating RMSD indexes under water quantities of all stages, constructing a relational expression of the RMSD indexes and the water quantities, and obtaining a slope K; when the relational expression of the RMSD index and the water quantity is determined, a plurality of tests are carried out to determine the relational curve.
8. A prefabricated pipe gallery seam water seepage detection method based on piezoelectric impedance according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that: the specific process of the second stage is as follows:
and detecting each group of PZT sensors, and if the RMSD index corresponding to the ith group of PZT sensors is larger than the threshold value of the sensor, early warning and estimating the water seepage amount.
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