CN110771425A - Factory three-dimensional cultivation method for morchella - Google Patents
Factory three-dimensional cultivation method for morchella Download PDFInfo
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- 241000221638 Morchella Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000002779 Morchella esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 240000002769 Morchella esculenta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000001963 growth media Substances 0.000 claims description 23
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001954 sterilising Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N D-sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZBZJARSYCHAEND-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;dihydrogen phosphate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O ZBZJARSYCHAEND-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N D-Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007842 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M Monopotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000282 Nails Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-GDQSFJPYSA-N Sucrose Natural products O([C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)[C@@]1(CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-GDQSFJPYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008529 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021307 wheat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to a factory three-dimensional cultivation method for morchella esculenta. The cultivation method comprises the steps of cultivation soil preparation, strain preparation, seeding and earthing, external aid nutrition bag preparation and cultivation management. The cultivation method of the invention gets rid of the limitation of natural factors, realizes the large-scale annual production of the morchella esculenta, takes the accurate control of environmental factors as an entry point, and realizes the aim of multi-level three-dimensional cultivation of air temperature, air humidity and CO
2The concentration, the cultivation soil humidity and the cultivation illumination of the main environmental factors are accurately controlled, so that the morchella can be stably and efficiently produced all year round, and the yield of the morchella per unit area is 262g/m by using the factory three-dimensional cultivation method
2Compared with the traditional field cultivation method, the cultivation method increases 12.5-40% (125-150 kg/mu); the cultivation method is simple, the cost and the labor are saved, and the three-dimensional cultivation frame used for the three-dimensional cultivation has simple structure and operationIs convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to a factory three-dimensional cultivation method for morchella esculenta.
Background
Morchella (Morchella), also known as bamboo grass, belongs to the genus Morchella, of the class of the subclass, of the class of the Ascomycotina. The toadstool is named as toadstool because a plurality of small pits are formed on the surface of a mushroom cap and the appearance of the toadstool is extremely similar to that of the toadstool. It is a wild famous edible and medicinal fungus, which was first recorded in compendium of materia medica of Li Shizhen. Researches show that the morchella has the effects of reducing blood fat, regulating immunologic function, resisting fatigue, radiation and tumors, can relieve toxic and side effects caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy of cancer patients, has high economic value and is a precious edible fungus. In recent years, the field planting technology of morchella gradually matures, but is limited by factors such as climate and soil, the cultivation of morchella in most areas still cannot get rid of the influence of uncontrollable natural factors, the risk and instability of morchella planting are still high, and the production of morchella does not really step into the large-scale production stage.
The field cultivation of morchella is easily affected by environmental factors, the fruiting stability is poor, the cultivation production period is long, and the yield is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention aims to get rid of the limitation of natural factors, realize the large-scale annual production of morchella esculenta, realize the industrial high-efficiency production of the morchella esculenta by multi-level three-dimensional cultivation by taking the accurate control of environmental factors as an entry point, and provide the three-dimensional cultivation method of the morchella esculenta factory.
A morchella factory three-dimensional cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation of cultivation soil: sieving farmland chestnut calcium soil and lime calcium soil with pH greater than 7 with 5 mm sieve, removing weed and stone, and mixing with soil: uniformly mixing quicklime =100:1 in weight ratio, adding water to adjust the water content to 50%, and transferring the mixture to a culture tank on a prefabricated three-dimensional cultivation frame;
step 2, strain preparation: the preparation of the morchella comprises three parts of mother strain preparation, stock strain preparation and cultivated strain preparation, wherein:
(1) preparing a mother seed: purchasing a morchella strain mother strain, preparing a mother strain culture medium, slicing 200g of potatoes, putting the slices into boiling water, boiling for 20min, continuously stirring for preventing sticking, filtering by four layers of gauze, removing potato blocks, adding 20g of agar and 20g of glucose into filtrate, continuously heating until the agar is dissolved, adding water to 1000 mL, keeping the pH natural, subpackaging in a clean test tube, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30 min; making the sterilized mother culture medium into an inclined plane in an ultraclean workbench, taking out the preserved Mel-6 first-grade mother culture, inoculating, and culturing at 22 deg.C under constant temperature and light-proof condition for 7 days to obtain stock seed;
(2) preparing an original seed: filling a polypropylene strain bag with the volume of 12cm multiplied by 24cm with wood chips accounting for 75% of the volume of the strain bag, bran accounting for 20% of the volume of the strain bag and humus soil accounting for 2% of the volume of the strain bag; adding 3g of sucrose 1, 3g of calcium superphosphate and 3g of gypsum, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to 60-65%, completing the preparation of a stock culture medium, sterilizing the prepared stock culture medium at 121 ℃ for 1.5h, cooling, transferring to a clean bench, taking out the prepared stock, inoculating the stock to the stock culture medium in a clean bench, inoculating the stock to the culture medium at a constant temperature of 22 ℃ for two weeks in a dark place, and allowing hypha to grow over a culture bag to be used for inoculating the cultivated species;
(3) preparing cultivars: filling 12cm × 24cm polypropylene strain bags with sawdust accounting for 75% of the volume of the strain bags, 20% of bran and 2% of humus soil, adding 3g of cane sugar, 3g of calcium superphosphate and 3g of gypsum, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to 60-65%, completing the preparation of a culture medium of the cultivated species, sterilizing the prepared cultivated species at 121 ℃ for 1.5h, and transferring the cultivated species into a clean bench for inoculation after cooling; kneading the cultured stock seeds into small blocks with the size of soybean grains, inoculating the small blocks into a culture bag of a cultivated species in an ultra-clean bench, and during inoculation, inoculating the stock seed grains into 1/3-1/2 parts of the culture bag by using a strain in the culture bag to ensure that hyphae can uniformly grow over the whole culture bag, shortening the fungus preparation time, and culturing the inoculated cultivated species at the constant temperature of 22 ℃ in a dark place until the hyphae grows over the culture bag, so that the cultivated species can be used for industrial three-dimensional cultivation;
step 3, sowing and earthing: kneading and crushing the prepared cultivated strain, uniformly scattering the crushed cultivated strain on the soil surface of a culture tank, scattering 250-400 g of the crushed cultivated strain on each tank surface, and covering a layer of cultivation soil with the thickness of 2-4 cm on the strain surface after the scattering is finished;
step 4, manufacturing the external aid nutrition bag: filling 12cm × 24cm polypropylene strain bags with wood chips accounting for 50% of the volume of the strain bags, 40% of chaff and 10% of humus soil, adding 3g of quick lime, 6g of gypsum, 0.3g of monopotassium phosphate and 90-120 g of wheat, adjusting the water content to 60-65%, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 1.5 hours, and cooling for later use;
step 5, cultivation management: the cultivation management is divided into the following stages;
A. hypha culture: adjusting the air temperature of a fruiting room to 18-20 ℃, the air humidity to 50-70%, and CO
2The concentration is 350-450 ppm; controlling the relative water content of the soil to be 50-55% by using a cross-shaped spray head arranged above the culture tank, and culturing for 7-15 days in a dark place;
B. placing an exogenous nutrition bag: after sowing for 7-20 days, pricking 9-18 holes on one side of the nutrition bag by using a nail plate, sequentially placing the nutrition bag with the hole surfaces facing downwards, placing the nutrition bag with intervals of 20-30 cm, placing the nutrition bag on two sides of a culture tank in a staggered manner, and placing 15-16 bags in each culture tank; wherein, the prepared exogenous nutrition bag is sterilized and cooled one day before being placed;
C. fruiting stimulation: adjusting the relative water content of the soil to saturation; controlling the temperature of the mushroom growing room to be 18-22 ℃ in the daytime and adjusting the temperature to be 8-10 ℃ at night; keeping the relative humidity of air at 60-70%; adjusting the illumination intensity of the LED to be 600-1000 Lx, and illuminating for 12-14 h; ventilating for 1 time at intervals of 8h for 20 min;
D. and (3) fruiting management: the mushroom fruiting stage is started after the hypha gradually fades and a grayish brown semitransparent primordium appears on the soil surface of the groove surface of a cultivation frame when the hypha gradually fades, water is stopped to be sprayed to the groove surface of the cultivation frame, the relative water content of the soil is adjusted to be 40%, the air temperature of a mushroom fruiting room is adjusted to be 15-20 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is adjusted to be 70-85%, the illumination intensity of an LED is adjusted to be 600-1000 Lx, and the illumination is performed for 12-14 hours; ventilating for 1 time at intervals of 8h for 20 min;
and 6, harvesting: and after the primordium is formed for 10-15 days, harvesting when the length of the morchella esculenta pileus of part of the groove surface reaches 4-6 cm and the color is changed from dark gray to brown.
Furthermore, the height of the culture tank is 15 cm, the width of the culture tank is 60 cm, the length of the culture tank is 200 cm, and the distance between every two layers of culture tanks is 35 cm.
Further, the morchella strain mother strain is a Mel-6 first-grade mother strain prepared by national key laboratory preservation of the ecological and agriculture and animal husbandry in the three river sources of Qinghai university.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the cultivation method of the invention gets rid of the limitation of natural factors, realizes the large-scale annual production of the morchella esculenta, takes the accurate control of environmental factors as an entry point, and realizes the aim of multi-level three-dimensional cultivation of air temperature, air humidity and CO
2The concentration, the cultivation soil humidity and the cultivation illumination of the main environmental factors are accurately controlled, so that the morchella can be stably and efficiently produced all year round, and the yield of the morchella per unit area is 262g/m by using the factory three-dimensional cultivation method
2Compared with the traditional field cultivation method, the cultivation method increases 12.5-40% (125-150 kg/mu); the cultivation method is simple, the cost and the labor are saved, and the three-dimensional cultivation frame used for three-dimensional cultivation is simple in structure and convenient to operate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Factory three-dimensional cultivation method for morchella
Implementation place, time and cultivation environment
A place: edible fungus production workshops of Qinghai Honghui biological technology limited company in Qinghai Honghui poem, high stores, town poverty-relief industrial parks in Haidong city, Qinghai province;
time: 23 days in 6 months to 20 days in 9 months
And (3) cultivation environment: a three-dimensional cultivation frame is built before cultivation, a mushroom growing room is a widely used color steel room, and the base area is 100 m
230 three-dimensional cultivation frames are arranged in each fruiting room, and the room is provided with special temperature, humidity and CO for edible fungi
2Integrated intelligent air conditioning system for regulating air temperature, humidity and CO
2And (4) concentration.
Cultivation soil: and 6, 23 days after 6 months, collecting farmland chestnut calcareous soil with pH value of higher than 7 in high shops, sieving the farmland chestnut calcareous soil by a 5 mm sieve, removing weeds and stones, and mixing the collected farmland chestnut calcareous soil with the soil: quicklime =100:1, adding water to adjust the water content to 50%, and transferring to a culture tank on a prefabricated three-dimensional cultivation frame, wherein the height of the culture tank is 15 cm, the width of the culture tank is 60 cm, the length of the culture tank is 200 cm, and the distance between every two layers of culture tanks is 35 cm.
II, strain
(1) Morchella strain: the Mel-6 first-grade mother strain is prepared by national key laboratory preservation of ecological and agriculture and animal husbandry in the three river sources of Qinghai university.
(2) Preparing a mother seed: preparing mother seeds in 24 days in 6 months, wherein the mother seeds are prepared by Qinghai Honghui biological technology limited company, purchasing mother seeds of morchella esculenta strains, preparing a mother seed culture medium, slicing 200g of potatoes, putting the slices into boiling water, boiling for 20min, continuously stirring during the period to prevent sticking, filtering by four layers of gauze, removing potato blocks, adding 20g of agar and 20g of glucose into filtrate, continuously heating until the agar is dissolved, adding water to 1000 mL, keeping the pH natural, subpackaging in clean test tubes, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30 min; making the sterilized mother culture medium into an inclined plane in an ultraclean workbench, taking out the preserved Mel-6 first-grade mother culture, inoculating, and culturing at constant temperature of 22 ℃ in a dark place for 7 days to complete the preparation of the mother culture for stock inoculation;
(3) preparing an original seed: preparing an original seed culture medium in 30 days in 6 months, wherein the preparation process of the original seed culture medium comprises the following steps: filling a polypropylene strain bag with the volume of 12cm multiplied by 24cm with wood chips accounting for 75% of the volume of the strain bag, bran accounting for 20% of the volume of the strain bag and humus soil accounting for 2% of the volume of the strain bag; adding 3g of sucrose 1, 3g of calcium superphosphate and 3g of gypsum, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to 60-65%, completing the preparation of a stock culture medium, sterilizing the prepared stock culture medium at 121 ℃ for 1.5h, airing, transferring to a clean bench, taking out the prepared mother seeds after 1 day after 7 months, inoculating the mother seeds in the stock culture medium in a clean bench, inoculating the stock seeds, culturing for two weeks at a constant temperature of 22 ℃ in a dark place, and after hyphae grow to full of a culture bag, inoculating the cultured seeds;
(4) preparing cultivars: preparing a culture medium for the cultivated species in 7 months and 14 days, filling 12cm multiplied by 24cm polypropylene strain bags with saw dust accounting for 75% of the volume of the strain bags, bran accounting for 20% of the volume of the strain bags and humus soil accounting for 2%, then adding 3g of cane sugar, 3g of calcium superphosphate and 3g of gypsum, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to 60-65%, completing the preparation of the culture medium for the cultivated species, sterilizing the prepared cultivated species at 121 ℃ for 1.5h, and transferring the cultivated species into a clean bench for inoculation after cooling; kneading the cultured stock seeds into small blocks with the size of soybean grains in 7 months and 15 days, inoculating the small blocks into a culture bag of a cultivated species in an ultra-clean bench, inoculating the stock seed grains into 1/3-1/2 parts of the culture bag by using a strain-bag-in-strain swab during inoculation so as to enable hyphae to uniformly grow all over the culture bag, shortening the fungus preparation time, and culturing the inoculated cultivated species at the constant temperature of 22 ℃ in a dark place until the hyphae grow all over the culture bag, so that the cultivated species can be used for industrial three-dimensional cultivation;
three-dimensional cultivation method and management
(1) Sowing and covering soil: 7, 29 days after 7 months, kneading and crushing the prepared culture strains, uniformly scattering the crushed culture strains on the soil surface of a culture tank, scattering 250-400 g of the strain on each tank surface, and covering a layer of culture soil with the thickness of 2-4 cm on the surface of the strain after the scattering is finished;
(2) manufacturing the external aid nutrition bag: filling 12cm × 24cm polypropylene strain bags with wood chips accounting for 50% of the volume of the strain bags, 40% of chaff and 10% of humus soil, adding 3g of quick lime, 6g of gypsum, 0.3g of monopotassium phosphate and 90-120 g of wheat, adjusting the water content to 60-65%, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 1.5 hours, and cooling for later use;
(3) cultivation management: the cultivation management is divided into the following stages;
A. hypha culture: adjusting the air temperature of a fruiting room to 18-20 ℃, the air humidity to 50-70%, and CO
2The concentration is 350-450 ppm; controlling the relative water content of the soil to be 50-55% by using a cross-shaped spray head arranged above the culture tank, and culturing for 7-15 days in a dark place;
B. placing an exogenous nutrition bag: after sowing for 7-20 days, pricking 9-18 holes on one side of the nutrition bag by using a nail plate, sequentially placing the nutrition bag with the hole surfaces facing downwards, placing the nutrition bag with intervals of 20-30 cm, placing the nutrition bag on two sides of a culture tank in a staggered manner, and placing 15-16 bags in each culture tank; wherein, the prepared exogenous nutrition bag is sterilized and cooled one day before being placed;
C. fruiting stimulation: about 8 months and 20 days, the hypha on the groove surface of the cultivation frame shows yellowing signs in different degrees, sclerotia is formed, and the relative water content of the soil is adjusted to be saturated by using a cultivation frame sprinkling irrigation system; controlling the temperature of the mushroom growing room to be 18-22 ℃ in the daytime and adjusting the temperature to be 8-10 ℃ at night; keeping the relative humidity of air at 60-70%; adjusting the illumination intensity of the LED to be 600-1000 Lx, and illuminating for 12-14 h; ventilating for 1 time at intervals of 8h for 20 min;
D. and (3) fruiting management: the mushroom growing stage is started after the cultivation frame is put into a greenhouse for observation after 8 months and 26 days, when hyphae gradually fade, and a part of soil surface on the groove surface of the cultivation frame is grayish brown semitransparent primordia, water spraying to the groove surface of the cultivation frame is stopped, the relative water content of the soil is adjusted to be 40%, the air temperature of a mushroom growing room is 15-20 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is 70-85%, the illumination intensity of an LED is adjusted to be 600-1000 Lx, and the illumination is 12-14 hours; ventilating for 1 time at intervals of 8h for 20 min;
and 6, harvesting: around 5 days after 9 months, after the primordia are formed for 10-15 days, the length of the lid of part of the morchella esculenta on the groove surface reaches 4-6 cm, the morchella esculenta can be harvested when the color is changed from dark gray to brown, the whole harvesting process lasts about 2 weeks, and the yield of the morchella esculenta per unit area is 262g/m
2Compared with the traditional field cultivation method, the cultivation method increases 12.5-40% (125-150 kg/mu).
Example 2
Factory three-dimensional cultivation method for morchella
Implementation place, time and cultivation environment
A place: an edible fungus production workshop of a Qinghai Bofeng edible fungus factory production base in Datong county, Qinghai province;
time: 16 days in 7 months to 10 months and 10 days
And (3) cultivation environment: a three-dimensional cultivation frame is built before cultivation, a mushroom growing room is a widely used color steel room, and the base area is 100 m
230 three-dimensional cultivation frames are arranged in each fruiting room, and the room is provided with special temperature, humidity and CO for edible fungi
2Integrated intelligent air conditioning system for regulating air temperature, humidity and CO
2And (4) concentration.
Cultivation soil: and 6, 23 days after 6 months, collecting farmland chestnut calcareous soil with pH value of higher than 7 in high shops, sieving the farmland chestnut calcareous soil by a 5 mm sieve, removing weeds and stones, and mixing the collected farmland chestnut calcareous soil with the soil: quicklime =100:1, adding water to adjust the water content to 50%, and transferring to a culture tank on a prefabricated three-dimensional cultivation frame, wherein the height of the culture tank is 15 cm, the width of the culture tank is 60 cm, the length of the culture tank is 200 cm, and the distance between every two layers of culture tanks is 35 cm.
II, strain
(1) Morchella strain: the Mel-6 first-grade mother strain is prepared by national key laboratory preservation of ecological and agriculture and animal husbandry in the three river sources of Qinghai university.
(2) The preparation of mother seeds, stock seeds and cultivated seeds is carried out in the industrial production base of Qinghai Bofeng edible fungi, and the specific implementation process is the same as that of the example 1.
Three-dimensional cultivation method and management
The sowing earthing, the external aid nutrition bag making and the cultivation management method are the same as the embodiment 1, and the whole harvesting process is finished in 10 months and 10 days.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A morchella factory three-dimensional cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparation of cultivation soil: sieving farmland chestnut calcium soil and lime calcium soil with pH greater than 7 with 5 mm sieve, removing weed and stone, and mixing with soil: uniformly mixing quicklime =100:1 in weight ratio, adding water to adjust the water content to 50%, and transferring the mixture to a culture tank on a prefabricated three-dimensional cultivation frame;
step 2, strain preparation: the preparation of the morchella comprises three parts of mother strain preparation, stock strain preparation and cultivated strain preparation, wherein:
(1) preparing a mother seed: purchasing a morchella strain mother strain, preparing a mother strain culture medium, slicing 200g of potatoes, putting the slices into boiling water, boiling for 20min, continuously stirring for preventing sticking, filtering by four layers of gauze, removing potato blocks, adding 20g of agar and 20g of glucose into filtrate, continuously heating until the agar is dissolved, adding water to 1000 mL, keeping the pH natural, subpackaging in a clean test tube, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30 min; making the sterilized mother culture medium into an inclined plane in an ultraclean workbench, taking out the preserved Mel-6 first-grade mother culture, inoculating, and culturing at 22 deg.C under constant temperature and light-proof condition for 7 days to obtain stock seed;
(2) preparing an original seed: filling a polypropylene strain bag with the volume of 12cm multiplied by 24cm with wood chips accounting for 75% of the volume of the strain bag, bran accounting for 20% of the volume of the strain bag and humus soil accounting for 2% of the volume of the strain bag; adding 3g of sucrose 1, 3g of calcium superphosphate and 3g of gypsum, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to 60-65%, completing the preparation of a stock culture medium, sterilizing the prepared stock culture medium at 121 ℃ for 1.5h, cooling, transferring to a clean bench, taking out the prepared stock, inoculating the stock to the stock culture medium in a clean bench, inoculating the stock to the culture medium at a constant temperature of 22 ℃ for two weeks in a dark place, and allowing hypha to grow over a culture bag to be used for inoculating the cultivated species;
(3) preparing cultivars: filling 12cm × 24cm polypropylene strain bags with sawdust accounting for 75% of the volume of the strain bags, 20% of bran and 2% of humus soil, adding 3g of cane sugar, 3g of calcium superphosphate and 3g of gypsum, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to 60-65%, completing the preparation of a culture medium of the cultivated species, sterilizing the prepared cultivated species at 121 ℃ for 1.5h, and transferring the cultivated species into a clean bench for inoculation after cooling; kneading the cultured stock seeds into small blocks with the size of soybean grains, inoculating the small blocks into a culture bag of a cultivated species in an ultra-clean bench, and during inoculation, inoculating the stock seed grains into 1/3-1/2 parts of the culture bag by using a strain in the culture bag to ensure that hyphae can uniformly grow over the whole culture bag, shortening the fungus preparation time, and culturing the inoculated cultivated species at the constant temperature of 22 ℃ in a dark place until the hyphae grows over the culture bag, so that the cultivated species can be used for industrial three-dimensional cultivation;
step 3, sowing and earthing: kneading and crushing the prepared cultivated strain, uniformly scattering the crushed cultivated strain on the soil surface of a culture tank, scattering 250-400 g of the crushed cultivated strain on each tank surface, and covering a layer of cultivation soil with the thickness of 2-4 cm on the strain surface after the scattering is finished;
step 4, manufacturing the external aid nutrition bag: filling 12cm × 24cm polypropylene strain bags with wood chips accounting for 50% of the volume of the strain bags, 40% of chaff and 10% of humus soil, adding 3g of quick lime, 6g of gypsum, 0.3g of monopotassium phosphate and 90-120 g of wheat, adjusting the water content to 60-65%, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 1.5 hours, and cooling for later use;
step 5, cultivation management: the cultivation management is divided into the following stages;
A. hypha culture: adjusting the air temperature of a fruiting room to 18-20 ℃, the air humidity to 50-70%, and CO
2The concentration is 350-450 ppm; controlling the relative water content of the soil to be 50-55% by using a cross-shaped spray head arranged above the culture tank, and culturing for 7-15 days in a dark place;
B. placing an exogenous nutrition bag: after sowing for 7-20 days, pricking 9-18 holes on one side of the nutrition bag by using a nail plate, sequentially placing the nutrition bag with the hole surfaces facing downwards, placing the nutrition bag with intervals of 20-30 cm, placing the nutrition bag on two sides of a culture tank in a staggered manner, and placing 15-16 bags in each culture tank; wherein, the prepared exogenous nutrition bag is sterilized and cooled one day before being placed;
C. fruiting stimulation: adjusting the relative water content of the soil to saturation; controlling the temperature of the mushroom growing room to be 18-22 ℃ in the daytime and adjusting the temperature to be 8-10 ℃ at night; keeping the relative humidity of air at 60-70%; adjusting the illumination intensity of the LED to be 600-1000 Lx, and illuminating for 12-14 h; ventilating for 1 time at intervals of 8h for 20 min;
D. and (3) fruiting management: the mushroom fruiting stage is started after the hypha gradually fades and a grayish brown semitransparent primordium appears on the soil surface of the groove surface of a cultivation frame when the hypha gradually fades, water is stopped to be sprayed to the groove surface of the cultivation frame, the relative water content of the soil is adjusted to be 40%, the air temperature of a mushroom fruiting room is adjusted to be 15-20 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is adjusted to be 70-85%, the illumination intensity of an LED is adjusted to be 600-1000 Lx, and the illumination is performed for 12-14 hours; ventilating for 1 time at intervals of 8h for 20 min;
and 6, harvesting: and after the primordium is formed for 10-15 days, harvesting when the length of the morchella esculenta pileus of part of the groove surface reaches 4-6 cm and the color is changed from dark gray to brown.
2. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of morchella esculenta in factory according to claim 1, wherein the height of the culture tank is 15 cm, the width of the culture tank is 60 cm, the length of the culture tank is 200 cm, and the distance between every two layers of culture tanks is 35 cm.
3. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of morel in factory according to claim 1, wherein the morel strain stock is Mel-6 grade stock prepared by national emphasis laboratory of agriculture and animal husbandry in the Yanghai university of Sanjiang source ecology and plateau.
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