CN110743704A - Electric field separation method for cell clusters of wheat bran structural layer - Google Patents

Electric field separation method for cell clusters of wheat bran structural layer Download PDF

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CN110743704A
CN110743704A CN201910935555.8A CN201910935555A CN110743704A CN 110743704 A CN110743704 A CN 110743704A CN 201910935555 A CN201910935555 A CN 201910935555A CN 110743704 A CN110743704 A CN 110743704A
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wheat bran
aleurone
powder
aleurone layer
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CN110743704B (en
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陈中伟
夏清
查宝萍
徐斌
孙俊
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Jiangsu University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/017Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/16Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/34Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
    • A23L3/3409Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03BSEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B03B5/30Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
    • B03B5/32Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions using centrifugal force
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03BSEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B03B5/30Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
    • B03B5/44Application of particular media therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68Control systems therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/85Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying

Abstract

The invention provides an electric field separation method of cell clusters of a wheat bran structure layer, which is a method for obtaining a high-purity aleurone layer, an epicarp and a middle-layer cell cluster by taking wheat bran as a raw material through a physical method and relates to the technical field of grain deep processing. The invention mainly comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of mechanical removal of endosperm, mechanical stripping of a wheat bran structural layer, dry primary enrichment, electrostatic field enrichment, dielectrophoresis separation, centrifugal sedimentation and stabilization, wherein the mechanical stripping is carried out in a centrifugal impact crusher, the impact speed is higher than 70m/s, the electrostatic separation is carried out in a uniform or non-uniform high-voltage electrostatic field, and the dielectrophoresis separation is carried out in a non-uniform high-voltage electric field containing a liquid medium. The physical separation technology adopted by the invention can retain the cell content of wheat bran, efficiently obtain three high-purity wheat bran structure layer cell clusters of aleurone layer, middle layer and epicarp, and has the advantages of green process, energy conservation and high efficiency.

Description

Electric field separation method for cell clusters of wheat bran structural layer
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for separating epicarp, middle layer and aleurone layer cell clusters from wheat bran by a physical method, in particular to a method for separating cell clusters by using a physical electric field, belonging to the technical field of grain deep processing.
Background
However, at present, wheat bran is mainly used as a feed or a fermentation base material, and the proportion of the utilization of the food is less than 10%, the poor edible safety and the poor processing characteristics of the wheat bran are main reasons for limiting the food utilization of the wheat bran.
At present, the separation method of the wheat bran structure layer mainly comprises a wet method and a dry method. The former mainly adopts means such as enzymolysis, chemical degradation, membrane filtration and the like, thus easily causing the loss of water-soluble nutrient components such as vitamins, mineral substances and the like and causing secondary pollution. And dry-method technologies such as airflow classification and screening can avoid the defect of wet-method separation, save energy, reduce consumption and improve practicability. Patents of the company, bragenerally, publication nos. CN100531594C and CN101589779A disclose a method for enriching a wheat bran aleurone layer by a wet method and a dry method, respectively. The method provides a method for obtaining an aleurone layer from wheat bran based on enzymatic hydrolysis, wet kneading and electric field separation, and does not relate to separation between cell clusters of the aleurone layer and non-aleurone layers (epicarp and middle layer).
The south China university discloses two methods (CN102894262A, CN103385408A) for enriching a wheat bran aleurone layer by a mechanical dry method respectively, and mainly adopts a hammer mill, screening and a direct-current uniform strong electrostatic field for separation, and the separation between non-aleurone layers (an intermediate layer and epicarp) is not involved. Patent No. CN103229933A of Shandong-Zhi-Shifang food Co., Ltd discloses a method for extracting the content of wheat aleurone layer by a pure physical dry method, and a method for processing wheat aleurone (cell content) by using a vortex crusher and airflow classification. Because the method crushes the wheat bran structure layer, fat, protein and enzyme in aleurone particles are exposed, so that the quality of the wheat bran aleurone layer is difficult to guarantee; meanwhile, the obtained aleurone contains a large amount of endosperm and non-aleurone layers, and the purity is less than 50%.
The related art methods disclosed above mainly use screening and air classification, and partly involve the direct current uniform electrostatic field enrichment technique, but do not involve the use of non-uniform electric field or non-direct current electrostatic field for separating cell clusters of wheat bran structure layers (aleurone layer and non-aleurone layer), and also do not involve the separation between non-aleurone layers (epicarp and middle layer).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing wheat bran powder separation method, the invention provides a method for separating three structural layer cell clusters of wheat bran aleurone layer, epicarp and middle layer by using an electric field, and the method is a pure physical means, and has simple process, high efficiency and low cost.
The specific technical scheme of the invention mainly comprises the following steps: mechanical removal of endosperm, mechanical stripping of a wheat bran structural layer, electrostatic field enrichment of an aleurone layer, dielectrophoresis and sedimentation separation of an epicarp-middle layer, and enzyme-killing and stabilizing treatment of the wheat bran structural layer are 5 key technologies.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an electric field separation method of cell clusters of a wheat bran structural layer is characterized in that wheat bran is used as a raw material, and the wheat bran aleurone layer, the epicarp and the middle layer powder are obtained and separated through the following steps,
(1) mechanical stripping of a wheat bran structure layer: based on the difference of elastic-plastic property, interlayer adhesion force and crushing energy between the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer, the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer are separated by a dry centrifugal impact method under the condition of low temperature or normal temperature through the mechanical impact crushing effect;
(2) dry primary enrichment: classifying the wheat bran powder by means of dry screening or air flow classification to obtain wheat bran powder with uniform particle size, and simultaneously realizing primary enrichment according to different crushing characteristics of each structure layer of the wheat bran;
(3) electrostatic field enrichment of the wheat bran aleurone layer: based on the difference of the resistance and the dielectric property of wheat bran structural layer powder, under a high-voltage electrode, a wheat bran aleurone layer and a non-aleurone layer are charged by corona induction to obtain different induced charges on the aleurone layer and the epicarp, and then the difference of the electric property and the electric quantity of the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer in the electrostatic field is utilized to realize the separation of the aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer;
(4) and (3) stabilizing treatment: and (4) stabilizing and inactivating enzymes leaked from the wheat bran aleurone layer.
Further, the non-aleurone layer obtained by separation in the step (3) is mixed powder of the epicarp and the middle layer, the separation of the epicarp and the middle layer in the non-aleurone layer is based on the difference of the epicarp and the middle layer in the non-aleurone layer on the dielectricity, and the middle layer and the epicarp are separated by a dielectrophoresis method; and/or separating the middle layer and the epicarp by selective sedimentation of centrifugal sedimentation separation by using the hydrophobicity and density difference of the epicarp and the seed coat in the non-aleurone layer.
Furthermore, the electrostatic field enrichment of the wheat bran aleurone layer is based on the difference of the triboelectric chargeability of the wheat bran structure layer powder, so that the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer obtain different electric charge amounts or different electric properties, and the separation of the aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer is realized by utilizing the difference of the electric properties and the electric quantities of the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer in the electrostatic field.
Further, the step (1) also comprises the mechanical removal of endosperm, namely, the endosperm of the inner layer of the wheat bran is removed by using the actions of friction, kneading and impact, the removed endosperm in the wheat bran is removed by the difference of density or particle size, the starch content in the treated wheat bran is not higher than 8 percent, and the wheat bran particles are not less than 500 mu m; the mechanical stripping process of the wheat bran structure layer in the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps: using endosperm-removed wheat bran with the particle size of more than 500 mu m as a raw material, and crushing by adopting a centrifugal impact crusher with the tooth tip not more than 0.1mm, wherein the impact rate is more than 70 m/s; and cooling the crushed cavity by using cold air to ensure that the crushed wheat bran powder is not higher than 20 ℃.
Further, in the dry primary enrichment, powder with the particle size of more than 40 meshes and less than 200 meshes is removed firstly, so that the particle size of the wheat bran powder is 80-300 mu m, and the water content is not higher than 8%; then, the wheat bran powder is classified by adopting one or the combination of vibration screening, airflow screening and airflow classification, so that the particle size difference of the same grade of powder is within 100 mu m.
Further, the method for enriching the electrostatic field comprises the following steps:
wheat bran powder is conveyed to move in a pipeline or a slit by dilute-phase positive airflow, the inner wall material of the pipeline or the slit is made of high-purity insulating or conducting polymer material with polarity far higher or lower than that of a wheat bran structure layer in a triboelectric sequence, so that the powder collides and rubs with the pipeline wall, and the aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer obtain electric charges with different sizes or polarities; after triboelectrification, the wheat bran powder is conveyed to a uniform or non-uniform electrostatic field with the field intensity higher than 75kv/m, and the aleurone layer powder and the non-aleurone layer powder are subjected to different magnitudes or directions under the action of electrostatic field force, generate different horizontal migration and are respectively settled on the polar plate and the bottom of the separation cavity.
Further, the voltage of the high-voltage corona is not lower than 5kv/cm, the preferable corona intensity is between 5kv/cm and 15kv/cm, the corona form is a needle-shaped or arc-shaped electrode, and the conveying speed of the powder under the electric field is 5 cm/s to 10 cm/s.
Further, in the process of migration and separation in the electrostatic field in the step (3), the powder is firstly conveyed to a slit or a Cyclone dust removal device by an air flow and then enters a one-stage or multi-stage parallel electrostatic field, the charged wheat bran particles are separated and enriched in the electrostatic field under the difference of electrostatic force, fluid resistance and gravity, and a sand-Cyclone (Cyclone) device is used for collecting the separated aleurone layer powder and non-aleurone layer powder.
Further, in the dielectrophoresis separation method of the middle layer and the epicarp in the non-aleurone layer: the electrostatic field is a non-uniform electrostatic field or variable electric field consisting of a tip and a planar electrode or a cambered surface electrode, the electric field intensity is between 5 and 10kv/cm, and the current is controlled between 0.5 and 1 mA; the medium between the polar plates is two or more mixed insulating liquids with the density of 1.40-1.50 g/cm3The difference between the relative dielectric constant and the non-aleurone layer is more than 3 or between the epicarp and the intermediate layer; the powder/liquid mass ratio is preferably not more than 1/10.
Further, the method for selective deposition of the separation of the middle layer from the epicarp in the non-aleurone layer is as follows: in the method for separating the epicarp and the middle layer by electrostatic field enrichment and/or dielectrophoresis through centrifugal sedimentation, a solution for sedimentation is prepared by two or more than two non-aqueous solvents, and the density of the solution is between 1.35 and 1.65g/cm3To (c) to (d); after centrifugal sedimentation, the transparent layer, the seed coat and the like are enriched in the suspension layer, and the epicarp and the residual aleurone layer are enriched in the sedimentation layer; and (2) obtaining high-purity intermediate layer and epicarp powder through multiple sedimentation separation, and removing residual solvent in the epicarp and the intermediate layer powder through normal temperature or vacuum desolventization, wherein the content of alkyl resorcinol in the intermediate layer is not lower than 6.0mg/g, and the content of ferulic acid trimer in the epicarp is not lower than 0.2 mg/g.
The invention creatively and organically combines a plurality of technologies such as mechanical stripping, dry method grading, frictional electrification, corona electrification, dielectrophoresis and the like, and is used for separating and enriching cell clusters of the wheat bran aleurone layer, the epicarp and the middle layer to obtain three high-purity and high-value products. Wherein, the impact and friction action on the wheat bran structure layer is generated by the centrifugal impact type crusher to realize the separation of the aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer (outer skin layer and middle layer) cell clusters; by utilizing the difference of the electric conductivity and frictional electrification characteristics of aleurone layer cells and non-aleurone layer cells, the aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer particles are firstly separated through corona electrification and frictional electrification, and the purpose of enriching a wheat bran aleurone layer is achieved; the enrichment of the epicarp and the intermediate layer particles is realized by utilizing the difference of dielectricity, polarity and density of the epicarp and the intermediate layer in the non-aleurone layer and utilizing dielectrophoresis or centrifugal sedimentation. Finally obtaining three wheat bran fiber products of which the purity is higher than 75 percent, namely the wheat bran aleurone layer, the epicarp and the middle layer. The related method is a pure physical means, and has simple process, high efficiency and low cost.
(1) The invention relates to a method for separating and enriching aleurone layer by a physical method, which adopts a dry method technology to separate and obtain complete aleurone layer cell clusters, avoids the loss of nutrient substances caused by wet processing treatment on vitamins, mineral substances and water-soluble fibers in the aleurone layer, furthest retains the nutrient components in the wheat bran aleurone layer and ensures the high nutritive value characteristic of the product.
(2) The method disclosed by the invention realizes the separation of the epicarp and the middle layer by adopting dielectrophoresis and centrifugal sedimentation, eliminates the epicarp rich in exogenous pollutants, retains the middle layer rich in alkylresorcinol, ensures that the purity of the obtained product is higher than 75%, fills the technical blank of the separation of the wheat bran epicarp and the middle layer, improves the additional value of wheat bran, and extends the industrial chain of wheat bran processing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the electric field separation method of the cell clusters of the wheat bran structural layer.
FIG. 2 separation of the wheat bran structure layer after mechanical stripping;
wherein a1, b1 and c1 respectively represent F(100-120)、F(120-150)、F(150-200)Top view of the microstructure of (a);
a2, b2 and c2 represent F respectively(100-120)、F(120-150)、F(150-200)Cross-sectional view of the microstructure of (a).
Fig. 3 shows the microstructure of the non-aleurone layer concentrate (a) and the aleurone layer (b) after separation by a triboelectric field.
FIG. 4 microstructure of wheat bran epicarp (a) and middle layer (b) after dielectrophoresis or centrifugal sedimentation.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in figure 1, the electric field separation method of the wheat bran structural layer cell clusters takes wheat bran as a raw material, and three kinds of high-purity wheat bran structural layer powder are obtained through the processes of mechanical stripping, dry primary enrichment, electrostatic field enrichment, dielectrophoresis separation, centrifugal sedimentation, stabilization and the like of the wheat bran structural layer. For wheat bran containing endosperm, firstly, the endosperm of the inner layer of the wheat bran is removed by using the actions of friction, kneading and impact, and simultaneously, the integrity of cells of an aleurone layer is kept, thereby laying a foundation for the separation of cell clusters. Specifically, testa Tritici is placed on a rotary vibration sieve with diameter of more than 400cm, and covered with stainless steel plate, and testa Tritici is subjected to rotary vibration under pressure to generate friction between testa Tritici-sieve surface and testa Tritici, and remove endosperm on testa Tritici surface. And then removing the removed endosperm from the wheat bran by density or particle size difference, wherein the starch content in the wheat bran is not higher than 8% and the wheat bran particles are not less than 500 mu m after the treatment.
The specific treatment process is as follows:
(1) mechanical stripping of a wheat bran structure layer: the testa Tritici consists of epicarp, middle layer and aleurone layer, and for peeling the three layers, the interlayer adhesion of testa Tritici structure must be overcome. Based on the difference of elastic-plastic property, interlayer adhesion force and crushing energy between the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer, the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer are separated by a dry centrifugal impact method under the condition of low temperature or normal temperature through the mechanical impact crushing effect.
Specifically, the method comprises taking endosperm-removed wheat bran with particle size of more than 500 μm as raw material, pulverizing with centrifugal impact pulverizer with tooth tip of no more than 0.1mm, and pulverizing the wheat bran with centrifugal impact of sharp tooth tip with minimum tip of no more than 0.1mm during pulverizing process. The impact velocity causing the centrifugal impact effect is greater than 70 m/s. And cooling the crushed cavity by using cold air to ensure that the crushed wheat bran powder is not higher than 20 ℃.
(2) Dry primary enrichment: the wheat bran powder is classified by means of dry screening to obtain wheat bran powder with uniform particle size, and preliminary enrichment is realized by different particle sizes according to different crushing characteristics of each structure layer of the wheat bran.
Firstly, removing powder with particle size of more than 40 meshes and less than 200 meshes by dry methods such as vibration screening, airflow classification and the like, so that the particle size of the wheat bran powder is 80-300 mu m, and the water content is not higher than 8%; then, the wheat bran powder is classified by adopting vibration screening to obtain the wheat bran powder with uniform particle size, so that the particle size difference of the powder of the same grade is within 100 mu m, and the interference of the particle size of the particles on the electrification or separation of the particles is avoided.
Based on the difference of the wheat bran structure layer powder in particle size, density and shape, the dry enrichment of the wheat bran structure layer cell clusters is realized.
(3) Electrostatic field enrichment of the wheat bran aleurone layer: based on the difference of the resistance and the dielectric property of wheat bran structural layer powder, the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer are charged under a high-voltage electrode by corona induction so that the aleurone layer and the epicarp obtain different induced charges, and then the difference of the electrical property and the electric quantity of the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer in the electrostatic field is utilized to realize the separation of the aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer.
Specifically, the wheat bran powder is conveyed to the position below a high-voltage electrode by using an insulating conveyor belt, and electric charge is obtained by using corona or induced charging. Because the wheat bran structure layers have different charge characteristics, particularly resistance and dielectricity, the aleurone layer and the epicarp obtain different induced charges and are separated under the action of an electric field force. The voltage of the high-voltage corona is not lower than 5kv/cm, the preferred corona strength in the invention is 5-15 kv/cm, the corona form is a needle-shaped or arc-shaped electrode, and the conveying speed of the powder under an electric field is 5-10 cm/s.
In the process of migration and separation in the electrostatic field, the powder is conveyed to a slit or a Cyclone dust removal device by airflow and then enters a one-stage or multi-stage parallel electrostatic field, the charged wheat bran particles are separated and enriched in the electrostatic field under the difference of electrostatic force, fluid resistance and gravity, and a sand-Cyclone (Cyclone) device is used for collecting the separated aleurone layer powder and non-aleurone layer powder. The used electrostatic field is uniform or non-uniform high-voltage electrostatic field, the field intensity of the electric field is more than 75kv/m, and the ratio of the height of the electric field to the distance between the polar plates is more than 1.5.
In addition, the wheat bran aleurone layer can be enriched in the electrostatic field by utilizing the difference of the friction charge property of the wheat bran structure layer powder, so that the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer can obtain different charge amounts or different electric properties, and the separation of the aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer is realized by utilizing the difference of the electric properties and the electric quantity of the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer in the electrostatic field.
Specifically, wheat bran powder is conveyed by air flow to move in a pipeline or a slit, so that the powder collides and rubs with the wall of the pipeline, and charges with different sizes or polarities are obtained. Particularly, a dilute phase conveying method is adopted, the gas-solid mass ratio is more than 10, the air flow speed is 10-20 m/s, the collision among wheat bran particles is reduced as much as possible, and the charging efficiency is ensured. The inner wall material of the pipeline or the slit adopts high-purity insulating or conducting polymer material with polarity far higher or lower than that of wheat bran fiber, and polymer material with strong electronegativity such as polytetrafluoroethylene is preferred. After triboelectrification, the wheat bran powder is conveyed to a uniform or non-uniform electrostatic field with the field intensity higher than 75 kv/m. The wheat bran powder is subjected to different magnitudes of electrostatic field force to horizontally migrate and respectively settle on the polar plate and the bottom. When the electrostatic field is a uniform electric field, the powder on the polar plates is an aleurone layer enrichment body or a non-aleurone layer enrichment body, and the powder between the polar plates is wheat bran which is not obviously enriched. When the electrostatic field is non-uniform, the two polar plates are coated with aleurone layer, and the middle of the polar plates is coated with non-aleurone layer. The high-purity aleurone layer or non-aleurone layer product can be obtained through multiple times of separation.
Wherein, the air flow conveying is preferably carried out by a positive pressure dilute phase conveying method, and the pressure is not more than 0.8 MPa.
(4) Separation of non-aleurone layers
The non-aleurone layer obtained by the separation in the step (3) is an epicarp and a middle layer, the epicarp and the middle layer are thin-layer fiber cell clusters, the structures and the compositions of the epicarp and the middle layer are similar, and the efficient separation is difficult by using a friction charging or corona charging method. The invention separates the middle layer and the epicarp by dielectrophoresis or selective sedimentation based on the difference between the epicarp and the middle layer in dielectricity and polarity.
The method comprises the following steps: separating the middle layer and the epicarp by dielectrophoresis method based on the difference of the epicarp and the middle layer in the dielectric property of the non-aleurone layer; and/or separating the middle layer and the epicarp by selective sedimentation of centrifugal sedimentation separation by using the hydrophobicity and density difference of the epicarp and the seed coat in the non-aleurone layer. Namely: the separation of the particles of the non-aleurone layer is realized by dielectrophoresis in a non-uniform electric field. Separating non-aleurone layer cells by using a non-uniform electrostatic field or variable electric field consisting of a tip and a plane or cambered surface electrode, wherein the intensity of the electric field is 5-10kv/cm, and the current is controlled between 0.5-1 mA; the medium between the polar plates is two or more mixed insulating liquids with the density of 1.40-1.50 g/cm3The difference between the relative dielectric constant and the non-aleurone layer is greater than 3, or between the epicarp and the intermediate layer. The wheat bran structure layer particles migrate under the dielectrophoretic force in the direction vertical to the gravity, and the flow rate of the medium is not more than 0.05 m/s. According to the different dielectricity of the fluid, the epicarp is enriched at the high field intensity or the low field intensity after dielectrophoresis separation. When the dielectric constant of the mixed fluid is larger than that of the epicarp and the middle layer, the migration rate of the epicarp particles to the high field intensity part is larger than that of the middle layer particles, and finally, the separation is realized due to different migration distances; for the latter, the epicarp migrates toward the direction of low field strength, the intermediate layer migrates toward the direction of high field strength, and finally separation is achieved due to the different migration directions.
Specifically, the wheat bran powder particles for dielectrophoresis separation are between 100 and 250 mu m, no pre-classification is needed, and the powder/liquid mass ratio is preferably not more than 1/10. The non-uniform electric field is formed by combining needle shape, column shape, fan shape, plate shape, ring shape and the like in pairs, and the ratio of the surface areas of the two electrodes is 10: 1 and 30: 1.
The method 2 comprises the following steps: centrifugal settling separation is carried out by utilizing the hydrophobicity and density difference of the epicarp and the seed coat. Specifically, two or more than two kinds of non-aqueous liquids are precisely prepared into uniform mixed liquid with the density of 1.35-1.65 g/cm3, 20-30% of non-aleurone layer powder by weight of a solvent is added and fully mixed, then centrifugal separation is combined, transparent layers, seed coats and the like are enriched in a suspension layer after centrifugal sedimentation, and epicarp and residual aleurone layers are enriched in a precipitation layer. And (4) obtaining the epicarp and the middle layer with higher purity through multiple sedimentation separation, wherein the suspended matter in the upper layer is the enriched matter in the middle layer, and the precipitate in the lower layer is the enriched matter in the epicarp. Removing residual solvent in epicarp and intermediate layer powder by normal temperature or vacuum desolventization to obtain intermediate layer with alkyl resorcinol content of not less than 6.0mg/g and ferulic acid trimer content of not less than 0.2 mg/g.
In the separation process of the non-aleurone layer, two modes of dielectrophoresis separation and centrifugal sedimentation separation can be combined for use.
(5) And (3) stabilizing treatment: and (4) stabilizing and inactivating enzymes leaked from the wheat bran aleurone layer. And (3) adopting superheated steam with the temperature of 125-140 ℃ to perform stabilization enzyme deactivation treatment on the enzymes leaked from the wheat bran aleurone layer. According to the requirements of target products, the treatment time can be between 10 and 20 seconds, and the enzyme deactivation effect can reach 90 to 95 percent. According to different requirements, the wheat bran aleurone layer, the seed coat and the epicarp can be subjected to opening, sealing and vacuum packaging, and the quality guarantee period of the wheat bran structural layer powder packaged by the 3 methods can reach 12 months, 24 months and 48 months.
Example 1
In order to verify the effect of the separation method, the processing results of several main processing steps in the separation method are experimentally checked, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
mechanical stripping and dry primary enrichment of a wheat bran mechanical layer:
weighing 10kg coarse bran with water content of 10% and particle diameter of more than 500 μm, placing into 80 mesh rotary vibration sieve with diameter of 400cm, covering the sieve surface with stainless steel plate, and placingThe square is provided with a rubber vibration ball. After the material was sieved by rotary vibration for about 30 minutes, the oversize product was taken out as a raw material for centrifugal impact pulverization. Putting wheat bran into a vertical centrifugal impact crusher, wherein the feeding speed is as follows: 500g/min, the diameter of the crushing disc is 0.30m, and the revolution is 4500 r/min; meanwhile, air flow classification is carried out, the diameter of an impeller is 0.1m, and the revolution of a classification wheel is 1500 r/min. Until more than 80% of the bran is air-fractionated. Then, the wheat bran powder is classified by using 100, 120, 150 and 200 mesh sieves, and F is taken(100-120)、F(120-150)And F(150-200)Wheat bran powder of three types. The microstructure and biochemical composition of the wheat bran powder after stripping are shown in FIG. 2 and Table 1, respectively.
TABLE 1 separation of wheat bran structure layer after mechanical stripping
Figure BDA0002221479630000071
In FIG. 2, a1, b1 and c1 are top views of the microstructure of wheat bran powder with different particle sizes after being peeled and pulverized. The aleurone layer exists in the nature of a single-layer cell cluster, and the permeability of cells of the aleurone layer is low, so that black cell clusters are displayed; the non-aleurone layer particles are present as fibrous or flake particles, appearing as translucent flake particles. a2, b2 and c2 are sectional views of the microstructure of the wheat bran powder after stripping. The aleurone layer is approximately rectangular cells, and in the powder with different particle diameters, the cross section of an aleurone layer cell cluster consists of 3-5 cells; the section of the non-aleurone layer is composed of light-colored fibrous cells, and the structures of the cells are irregular.
Electrostatic field enrichment of wheat bran aleurone layer
The wheat bran powder (F) obtained by mechanical stripping and dry primary enrichment screening is utilized(100-120)) As a raw material for electrostatic field enrichment. Firstly, the powder is conveyed by positive air flow through a bent pipeline made of PTFE, the diameter of the pipeline is 25mm, the bending diameter is 400mm, the feeding speed is 250-500g/min, and the air flow speed at the outlet of the pipeline is 3-5 m/s. After triboelectrification, the wheat bran powder enters a high-voltage electrostatic field consisting of parallel electrode plates. The field intensity of the electrostatic field is 40kV, the distance between the polar plates is 0.5m, and the height of the polar plates is 0.8 m. After electrostatic field enrichment, the cell clusters of the wheat bran aleurone layer are enriched at the anodeNear the board, collected and then can be used as the aleurone layer enrichment; the non-aleurone layer (epicarp and intermediate layers) is deposited near the negative plate and collected as a non-aleurone layer concentrate. If high-purity aleurone is to be obtained, 2-3 times of electrostatic field enrichment can be carried out on the concentrated aleurone layer. The microstructures and the composition of the enriched aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer are shown in fig. 3 and table 2, respectively. In fig. 3a and b are top views of the microstructure of the wheat bran non-aleurone layer and aleurone layer powder after electric field separation. a is the microstructure of non-aleurone layer cells, exists in semitransparent fibrous or flaky particles, and has little content of aleurone layer particles; b is an aleurone layer cell cluster enrichment substance which exists in the form of cell clusters of 10-20 black cells, and the content of flaky particles is low.
TABLE 2 Biochemical composition of aleurone layer and non-aleurone layer enrichments after triboelectric field separation
Figure BDA0002221479630000081
Separation method of non-aleurone layer cell clusters
455mL of carbon tetrachloride and 100mL of ethanol were mixed at 25 ℃ to prepare a homogeneous liquid as a medium for dielectrophoresis or centrifugal sedimentation. For the dielectrophoretic separation process, 50-100g of non-aleurone layer powder (middle layer and epicarp) is added to 500mL of the prepared mixed solution, and after sufficient stirring, dielectrophoretic separation or centrifugal sedimentation is performed at 25 ℃. The dielectrophoresis separation process comprises the following steps: 1/10 area ratio of positive electrode and grounding electrode, 50kv static voltage of positive electrode, 10cm distance of polar plate, 0.5mA current, after settlement, turning off power supply to collect components between positive and negative plates, wherein positive plate is enriched in the middle layer, and negative plate is enriched in epicarp. In the solvent centrifugal settling separation process, 100g of non-aleurone layer powder and a mixed solvent are fully mixed and then centrifuged for 20min under the condition of 4000r/min to obtain layered suspended matters. The upper layer is a middle layer cell cluster, the lower layer is an epicarp cell cluster, then the two types of powder are dried and desolventized at 40 ℃, and the epicarp and the middle layer are respectively obtained after light grinding, and can be further sealed and packaged or vacuum packaged. The microstructure and composition of the epicarp and middle layers after separation of the non-aleurone layers are shown in fig. 4 and table 3. In FIG. 4 a and b are top views of the microstructure of the wheat bran epicarp and middle layer powder after dielectrophoretic separation. a is the microstructure of the epicarp enrichment and exists in fibrous particles, and the content of lamellar cells is very small; b is the microstructure of the enriched matter in the middle layer, mainly exists in flaky cell particles without fibers, and the content of the fibrous particles is very small.
TABLE 3 composition of the middle layer of wheat bran and the epicarp after dielectrophoresis or centrifugal sedimentation
Figure BDA0002221479630000091
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An electric field separation method of cell clusters of a wheat bran structural layer is characterized in that wheat bran is used as a raw material, a wheat bran aleurone layer, epicarp and middle layer powder are obtained through separation by the following steps,
(1) mechanical stripping of a wheat bran structure layer: based on the difference of elastic-plastic property, interlayer adhesion force and crushing energy between the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer, the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer are separated by a dry centrifugal impact method under the condition of low temperature or normal temperature through the mechanical impact crushing effect;
(2) dry primary enrichment: classifying the wheat bran powder by means of dry screening or air flow classification to obtain wheat bran powder with uniform particle size, and simultaneously realizing primary enrichment according to different crushing characteristics of each structure layer of the wheat bran;
(3) electrostatic field enrichment of the wheat bran aleurone layer: based on the difference of the resistance and the dielectric property of wheat bran structural layer powder, under a high-voltage electrode, a wheat bran aleurone layer and a non-aleurone layer are charged by corona induction to obtain different induced charges on the aleurone layer and the epicarp, and then the difference of the electric property and the electric quantity of the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer in the electrostatic field is utilized to realize the separation of the aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer;
(4) and (3) stabilizing treatment: and (4) stabilizing and inactivating enzymes leaked from the wheat bran aleurone layer.
2. The electric field separation method of cell clusters of wheat bran structural layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-aleurone layer obtained by separation in step (3) is a mixed powder of epicarp and middle layer, the separation of epicarp and middle layer in the non-aleurone layer is based on the difference between epicarp and middle layer in the non-aleurone layer in dielectricity, and the middle layer and epicarp are separated by dielectrophoresis; and/or separating the middle layer and the epicarp by selective sedimentation of centrifugal sedimentation separation by using the hydrophobicity and density difference of the epicarp and the seed coat in the non-aleurone layer.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the wheat bran aleurone layer is enriched by electrostatic field based on the difference of triboelectric charge of the wheat bran aleurone layer powder, so that the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer have different charge or different electric properties, and the difference of the electric properties and electric quantities of the wheat bran aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer in electrostatic field is utilized to separate the aleurone layer from the non-aleurone layer.
4. The method for separating cell clusters of a wheat bran structural layer by an electric field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (1) further comprises mechanically removing endosperm, removing endosperm in the inner layer of the wheat bran by friction, kneading and impact, removing the removed endosperm by density or particle size difference, the starch content in the wheat bran is not higher than 8% and the wheat bran particles are not less than 500 μm after the treatment; the mechanical stripping process of the wheat bran structure layer in the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps: using the wheat bran with the grain diameter larger than 500 mu m and without endosperm as a raw material, and crushing by adopting a centrifugal impact crusher with the tooth tip not larger than 0.1mm to cause the impact rate of the centrifugal impact to be larger than 70 m/s; and cooling the crushed cavity by using cold air to ensure that the crushed wheat bran powder is not higher than 20 ℃.
5. The electric field separation method of cell clusters of a wheat bran structural layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the dry primary enrichment, powder with particle size of more than 40 mesh and less than 200 mesh is removed first, so that the particle size of wheat bran powder is 80-300 μm and the water content is not higher than 8%; then, the wheat bran powder is classified by adopting one or the combination of vibration screening, airflow screening and airflow classification, so that the particle size difference of the same grade of powder is within 100 mu m.
6. The electric field separation method of cell clusters of wheat bran structural layer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the electrostatic field enrichment method comprises:
wheat bran powder is conveyed to move in a pipeline or a slit by dilute-phase positive airflow, the inner wall material of the pipeline or the slit is made of high-purity insulating or conducting polymer material with polarity far higher or lower than that of a wheat bran structure layer in a triboelectric sequence, so that the powder collides and rubs with the pipeline wall, and the aleurone layer and the non-aleurone layer obtain electric charges with different sizes or polarities; after triboelectrification, the wheat bran powder is conveyed to a uniform or non-uniform electrostatic field with the field intensity higher than 75kv/m, and the aleurone layer powder and the non-aleurone layer powder are subjected to different magnitudes or directions under the action of electrostatic field force, generate different horizontal migration and are respectively settled on the polar plate and the bottom of the separation cavity.
7. The electric field separation method of cell clusters of wheat bran structural layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage of high voltage corona is not less than 5kv/cm, preferably the corona intensity is between 5 to 15kv/cm, the corona is in the form of needle or arc electrode, and the powder is transported at a speed of 5 to 10cm/s under the electric field.
8. The method for separating cell clusters of a wheat bran structure layer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein during the migration and separation in the electrostatic field in step (3), the powder is first transported to a slit or cyclone dust collector by an air flow and then enters one or more stages of parallel electrostatic fields, the separation and enrichment of charged wheat bran particles in the electrostatic field are realized by the difference of electrostatic force, fluid resistance and gravity, and the separated aleurone layer powder and non-aleurone layer powder are collected by a saxolone device.
The used electrostatic field is uniform or non-uniform high-voltage electrostatic field, the field intensity of the electric field is more than 75kv/m, and the ratio of the height of the electric field to the distance between the polar plates is more than 1.5.
9. The electric field separation method of cell clusters of wheat bran structural layer as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the dielectrophoresis separation method of the middle layer and the epicarp in the non-aleurone layer: the electrostatic field is a non-uniform electrostatic field or variable electric field consisting of a tip and a planar electrode or a cambered surface electrode, the electric field intensity is between 5 and 10kv/cm, and the current is controlled between 0.5 and 1 mA; the medium between the polar plates is two or more mixed insulating liquids with the density of 1.40-1.50 g/cm3The difference between the relative dielectric constant and the non-aleurone layer is more than 3 or between the epicarp and the intermediate layer; the powder/liquid mass ratio is preferably not more than 1/10.
10. The electric field separation method of cell clusters of wheat bran structural layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selective deposition method for separation of the middle layer and the epicarp in the non-aleurone layer is as follows: in the method for separating the epicarp and the middle layer by electrostatic field enrichment and/or dielectrophoresis through centrifugal sedimentation, a solution for sedimentation is prepared by two or more than two non-aqueous solvents, and the density of the solution is between 1.35 and 1.65g/cm3To (c) to (d); after centrifugal sedimentation, the transparent layer, the seed coat and the like are enriched in the suspension layer, and the epicarp and the residual aleurone layer are enriched in the sedimentation layer; and (2) obtaining high-purity intermediate layer and epicarp powder through multiple sedimentation separation, and removing residual solvent in the epicarp and the intermediate layer powder through normal temperature or vacuum desolventization, wherein the content of alkyl resorcinol in the intermediate layer is not lower than 6.0mg/g, and the content of ferulic acid trimer in the epicarp is not lower than 0.2 mg/g.
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